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Multiple Asteroid Systems: Dimensions and Thermal Properties from Spitzer Space Telescope and Ground-Based Observations*
Multiple Asteroid Systems: Dimensions and Thermal Properties from Spitzer Space Telescope and Ground-Based Observations* F. Marchisa,g, J.E. Enriqueza, J. P. Emeryb, M. Muellerc, M. Baeka, J. Pollockd, M. Assafine, R. Vieira Martinsf, J. Berthierg, F. Vachierg, D. P. Cruikshankh, L. Limi, D. Reichartj, K. Ivarsenj, J. Haislipj, A. LaCluyzej a. Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. b. Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee 306 Earth and Planetary Sciences Building Knoxville, TN 37996-1410 c. SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Low Energy Astrophysics, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands d. Appalachian State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 231 CAP Building, Boone, NC 28608, USA e. Observatorio do Valongo/UFRJ, Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil f. Observatório Nacional/MCT, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil. g. Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides, Observatoire de Paris, Avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France h. NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA i. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States j. Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, U.S.A * Based in part on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile Programs Numbers 70.C-0543 and ID 72.C-0753 Corresponding author: Franck Marchis Carl Sagan Center SETI Institute 189 Bernardo Ave. Mountain View CA 94043 USA [email protected] Abstract: We collected mid-IR spectra from 5.2 to 38 µm using the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph of 28 asteroids representative of all established types of binary groups. -
XI. Astronomy: Solar-System Debris and Comets
XI. Astronomy: Solar-System Debris and Comets A. Pluto was generally the ninth planet from the Sun. 1. Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930, after calculations suggested that the observed and predicted orbits of Uranus did not agree. a. However, it is now known that Pluto is too small to have produced the perceived discrepancy. b. The discrepancy probably wasn’t real: the wrong mass had been assumed for Neptune when predicting the orbit of Uranus. c. Thus, Pluto just happened to be in the predicted part of the sky! However, the discovery of Pluto remains a testament to Tombaugh’s skill and thoroughness: it was a very dot among tens of thousands of stars in the photographs that he examined. 2. Pluto’s 249-year orbit is very peculiar. a. It is highly eccentric (e = 0.25). b. For 20 years each orbit, Pluto is actually closer to the Sun than Neptune is. (The most recent such interval was 1979-1999). 0 c. The orbit is highly inclined to Earth’s orbital plane (I = 17 ). 3. The physical properties of Pluto are also unusual. a. It is small, with a radius of only 0.2 earth radii and a mass of 0.0025 earth masses, quite unlike the neighboring giant planets. b. It’s density is about 2 g/cm3, between those of the giant and terrestrial planets, and similar to that of Neptune’s moon Triton. Pluto probably consists of icy rocks. c. Pluto’s rotation axis is nearly in the Earth’s orbital plane, like that of Uranus. -
Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society
STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF KNOWLEDGE Tai, Van der Steen & Van Dongen (eds) Dongen & Van Steen der Van Tai, Edited by Chaokang Tai, Bart van der Steen, and Jeroen van Dongen Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society Ways of Viewing ScienceWays and Society Anton Pannekoek: Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society Studies in the History of Knowledge This book series publishes leading volumes that study the history of knowledge in its cultural context. It aspires to offer accounts that cut across disciplinary and geographical boundaries, while being sensitive to how institutional circumstances and different scales of time shape the making of knowledge. Series Editors Klaas van Berkel, University of Groningen Jeroen van Dongen, University of Amsterdam Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society Edited by Chaokang Tai, Bart van der Steen, and Jeroen van Dongen Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: (Background) Fisheye lens photo of the Zeiss Planetarium Projector of Artis Amsterdam Royal Zoo in action. (Foreground) Fisheye lens photo of a portrait of Anton Pannekoek displayed in the common room of the Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy. Source: Jeronimo Voss Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 434 9 e-isbn 978 90 4853 500 2 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462984349 nur 686 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2019 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). -
Detecting the Yarkovsky Effect Among Near-Earth Asteroids From
Detecting the Yarkovsky effect among near-Earth asteroids from astrometric data Alessio Del Vignaa,b, Laura Faggiolid, Andrea Milania, Federica Spotoc, Davide Farnocchiae, Benoit Carryf aDipartimento di Matematica, Universit`adi Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 5, Pisa, Italy bSpace Dynamics Services s.r.l., via Mario Giuntini, Navacchio di Cascina, Pisa, Italy cIMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universits, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau F-75014 Paris, France dESA SSA-NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy eJet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, 91109 CA, USA fUniversit´eCˆote d’Azur, Observatoire de la Cˆote d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, Nice, France Abstract We present an updated set of near-Earth asteroids with a Yarkovsky-related semi- major axis drift detected from the orbital fit to the astrometry. We find 87 reliable detections after filtering for the signal-to-noise ratio of the Yarkovsky drift esti- mate and making sure the estimate is compatible with the physical properties of the analyzed object. Furthermore, we find a list of 24 marginally significant detec- tions, for which future astrometry could result in a Yarkovsky detection. A further outcome of the filtering procedure is a list of detections that we consider spurious because unrealistic or not explicable with the Yarkovsky effect. Among the smallest asteroids of our sample, we determined four detections of solar radiation pressure, in addition to the Yarkovsky effect. As the data volume increases in the near fu- ture, our goal is to develop methods to generate very long lists of asteroids with reliably detected Yarkovsky effect, with limited amounts of case by case specific adjustments. -
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter Rörande Uppsala Universitet B
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter rörande Uppsala universitet B. INBJUDNINGAR, 192 Redaktör: Per Ström Bild- och uppsatsredaktion: Carl Frängsmyr Layout: Grafisk service Vinjetter: Tryggve Nevéus Omslagsbild: Carolina Rediviva i vinterdräkt sett från söder. Gouache av Eric Österlund från 1800-talets andra hälft. Uppsala universitetsbibliotek. ISSN 0566-3091 ISBN 978-91-513-0829-6 Sättning: Grafisk service, Uppsala universitet Tr yck: DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2020 Kontakt med redaktionen Förfrågningar kring distribution och abonnemang, till exempel rörande levererad upplagas storlek eller önskemål om erhållande av seriens skrifter, riktas till redaktionen under följande e-postadress: [email protected] Promotionsfesten i Uppsala den 31 januari 2020 med Uppsala universitets inbjudningsskrifter 1844–2019. 175-årsregister över däri publicerade uppsatser, dokument, förordningar och biographica Sammanställt och försett med inledning av Carl Frängsmyr Innehåll Uppsala universitets inbjudningsskrifter 1844–2019. 175-årsregister över däri publicerade uppsatser, dokument, förordningar och biographica. Sammanställt och försett med inledning av Carl Frängsmyr 9 Program 75 Processionsordning 76 Promotionsarrangemang 77 Rektors hälsningsord 79 Universitetets och fakulteternas inbjudan 81 Promotorernas presentationer Teologiska fakulteten, av Mia Lövheim 83 Juridiska fakulteten, av Charlotta Zetterberg 85 Medicinska fakulteten, av Ulf Gyllensten 87 Farmaceutiska fakulteten, av Anna Orlova 89 Historisk-filosofiska fakulteten, avSven -
European Southern Observatory Bulletin No. 1
EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY BULLETIN NO. 1 The Governments of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Sweden have signed a Convention1) concerning the erection of a powerful astronomical observatory on Oetober 5, 1962. Ey this Convention a European organization for astronomic:ll researd1 in the SOllthern Hemisphere is created. The purpose of this organization is the con strllction, equipment, and operation of an astronomical observatory situated in the Southern Hemisphere. The initial program comprises the following sllbjects: 1. a 1.00 m photoelectrie tele cope, 2. a 1.50 m speetrographic tcleseope, 3. a 1.00 m Sd1midt telescope, 4. a 3.50 m tele cope, 5. allxiliary equipment neeessary to carry out research programs, 6. the buildings necessary to shelter the scientific equipment as weil as the administration of the observatory and the housing of personnel. The site of the observatory will be in the middle between the Pacific coast and the high duin of the Andes, 600 km north of Santiago de Chile, on La Silla. ') The ESO Management will on rcquest readily provide for copie, of ,he Pari, Convclllion of 5 Oetober 1962. Organisation Europeenne pour des Recherehes Astronomiques dans l'Hemisphere Austral EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY BULLETIN NO. 1 November 1966 Edited by European Southern Observatory, Office of the Director 21 Am Bahnhof, 205 Hamburg 80, Fed. Rep. of Germany ESO BULLETIN NO. 1 CONTENTS O. Heckmann: Foreword 5 J. Ramberg: Bertil Lindblad 7 A doeument eoneerning the astronomical eomparison between South Afriea and Chile ................ 9 H. Siedentopf: Comparison between South Afriea and Chile 11 A. -
Biography of Horace Welcome Babcock
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES H O R ACE W ELCOME B A B COC K 1 9 1 2 — 2 0 0 3 A Biographical Memoir by GEO R G E W . P R ESTON Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 2007 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON, D.C. Photograph by Mount Wilson and Los Campanas Observatories HORACE WELCOME BABCOCK September 13, 1912−August 29, 2003 BY GEORGE W . P RESTON ORACE BABCOCK’S CAREER at the Mount Wilson and Palomar H(later, Hale) Observatories spanned more than three decades. During the first 18 years, from 1946 to 1964, he pioneered the measurement of magnetic fields in stars more massive than the sun, produced a famously successful model of the 22-year cycle of solar activity, and invented important instruments and techniques that are employed throughout the world to this day. Upon assuming the directorship of the observatories, he devoted his last 14 years to creating one of the world’s premier astronomical observatories at Las Campanas in the foothills of the Chilean Andes. CHILDHOOD AND EDUCATION Horace Babcock was born in Pasadena, California, the only child of Harold and Mary Babcock. Harold met Horace’s mother, Mary Henderson, in Berkeley during his student days at the College of Electrical Engineering, University of California. After brief appointments as a laboratory assis- tant at the National Bureau of Standards in 1906 and as a physics teacher at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1907, Horace’s father was invited by George Ellery Hale in 1908 to join the staff of the Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO), where he remained for the rest of his career. -
Multiple Asteroid Systems: Dimensions and Thermal Properties from Spitzer Space Telescope and Ground-Based Observations Q ⇑ F
Icarus 221 (2012) 1130–1161 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Multiple asteroid systems: Dimensions and thermal properties from Spitzer Space Telescope and ground-based observations q ⇑ F. Marchis a,g, , J.E. Enriquez a, J.P. Emery b, M. Mueller c, M. Baek a, J. Pollock d, M. Assafin e, R. Vieira Martins f, J. Berthier g, F. Vachier g, D.P. Cruikshank h, L.F. Lim i, D.E. Reichart j, K.M. Ivarsen j, J.B. Haislip j, A.P. LaCluyze j a Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA b Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 306 Earth and Planetary Sciences Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA c SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Low Energy Astrophysics, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands d Appalachian State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 231 CAP Building, Boone, NC 28608, USA e Observatorio do Valongo, UFRJ, Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil f Observatório Nacional, MCT, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil g Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides, Observatoire de Paris, Avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France h NASA, Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA i NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA j Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA article info abstract Article history: We collected mid-IR spectra from 5.2 to 38 lm using the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph Available online 2 October 2012 of 28 asteroids representative of all established types of binary groups. -
Le Prague Astronomtque Accueille 2900 Astronomes Do Monde Entier
DISSERTATIO PRAGAE CVM MCMLXVII 20. VIII. Series Secunda Lett r e au Rédacteur e n Chef du Nuncius Sidereus MON CHER AMI, Sur Ia foi du Président qui affjrme que j'écris plus de 3.300 lettres par an pour le seul service de l'UAI, ou peut-être en raison des contributions passées aux journaux des Assemblées Générales, par exemple à ce Kosmos [ Moscou, 1958), où, avec mon vieux complice Schatzman, nous avons émis des idées définitives ( qu'en reste-t-ll?) sur !a structure de l'UAI, vous me demandez. .. Sonnerie de telephone. Bxcusez cette lettre m terrompue: c'était un astro nome cannois qui auait vu hier soir un objet céleste; et est-ce que je pourrais lui dire sz? et est-ce que ;e ne pensais pas que peut-etre? des extra-terrestres? et.... d'ailleurs il a vu des hublots très distinctement! .. vous me demandez done quelques mots pour le Nuncius Sidere us, pour y parler des droits et des devoirs d'un Secrétaire Général... Beau sujet, s'il en est. La grandeur de ... .. Excusez cette nouvelle interruption. On frappe à la porte. Il faut signer le courrier du jour. «With all good wishes». «With all good wishes, sincerely yours». «With all good wishes, sincerely yours». Ah non, pas d celui-là! Tl n'est pas assez gentil avec moi. On mettra «sincerely yours», s1mplement. Bien. A demain, Christiane {voir figure no 1}. Et reprenons ma lettre inter rompue. Je disais done !'exaltation du Secrétaire Général, lorsqu'!l considère, avec le supreme detachement auquel il peut pretendre, aus-dessus de Ia mêlée, les developpernents excitants de notre si belle science. -
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter Rörande Uppsala Universitet B
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Skrifter rörande Uppsala universitet B. INBJUDNINGAR, 189 Redaktör: Per Ström Bild- och uppsatsredaktion: Carl Frängsmyr Layout: Grafisk service Vinjetter: Tryggve Nevéus Omslagsbild: Carl Wilhelmsons inspektorsporträtt av Arvid G. Högbom, Norrlands nation. Jämför sidan 16. Fotograf: Mikael Wallerstedt.. ISSN 0566-3091 ISBN 978-91-513-0525-7 Sättning: Grafisk service, Uppsala universitet Tr yck: DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2019 Kontakt med redaktionen Förfrågningar kring distribution och abonnemang, till exempel rörande levererad upplagas storlek eller önskemål om erhållande av seriens skrifter, riktas till redaktionen under följande e-postadress: [email protected] Promotionsfesten i Uppsala den 25 januari 2019 Innehåll Om Arvid G. Högboms Självbiografiska anteckningar. Av Carl Frängsmyr 7 Självbiografiska anteckningar. AvArvid G. Högbom 15 Personförteckning 73 Program 81 Processionsordning 82 Promotionsarrangemang 83 Rektors hälsningsord 85 Universitetets och fakulteternas inbjudan 87 Promotorernas presentationer Teologiska fakulteten, av Mattias Martinson 89 Juridiska fakulteten, av Minna Gräns 91 Medicinska fakulteten, av Anna Rask-Andersen 93 Farmaceutiska fakulteten, av Per Andrén 95 Historisk-filosofiska fakulteten, avErik Carlson 97 Språkvetenskapliga fakulteten, av Mats Eskhult 99 Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, av Lars Magnusson 101 Utbildningsvetenskapliga fakulteten, av Ann-Carita Evaldsson 103 Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, av Gunilla Kreiss 105 Kortfattat promotionslexikon -
Radar Observations of Asteroid 3908 Nyx
Icarus 158, 379–388 (2002) doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6869 Radar Observations of Asteroid 3908 Nyx Lance A. M. Benner and Steven J. Ostro Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099 E-mail: [email protected] R. Scott Hudson School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2752 Keith D. Rosema,1 Raymond F. Jurgens, and Donald K. Yeomans Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099 Donald B. Campbell National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 and John F. Chandler and Irwin I. Shapiro Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusets 02138 Received August 30, 2001; revised February 21, 2002 was discovered on August 6, 1980, by H.-E. Schuster at the We report Doppler-only (cw) radar observations of basaltic near- European Southern Observatory in La Silla (Marsden 1980). It Earth asteroid 3908 Nyx obtained at Arecibo and Goldstone in was the subject of an extensive observational campaign at visi- September and October of 1988. The circular polarization ratio of ble, infrared, and radar wavelengths during its approach within 0.75 ± 0.03 exceeds ∼90% of those reported among radar-detected 0.062 AU of Earth in October 1988. Lightcurves obtained in near- Earth asteroids and it implies an extremely rough near-surface 1988 (Drummond and Wisniewski 1990) and in 1996 by Pravec at centimeter-to-decimeter spatial scales. Echo power spectra over and co-workers (in preparation) indicate direct rotation with a narrow longitudinal intervals show a central dip indicative of at 4.426-h period and yield two pole direction solutions that pro- least one significant concavity. -
The Role of Radar in Predicting and Preventing Asteroid and Comet Collisions with Earth Steven J
3 The role of radar in predicting and preventing asteroid and comet collisions with Earth Steven J. Ostro JetPropulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Jon D. Giorgini JetPropulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 1 Introduction The current Spaceguard Survey classifies each known near-Earth asteroid (NEA) as either non-threatening or deserving of additional astrometric attention. For any possibly threatening object, the dominant issues are the uncertainty in its trajectory and physical nature as well as what can be done to reduce that uncertainty. Morrison et al. (2002) note that From the standpoint of an allocator of society’s resources, an uncertain threat calls for adaptive policies, delaying potentially costly action but informing later decision by investing in uncertainty-reduction measures. In the context of the NEO impact hazard, this means avoiding the costs of standing organizational structures and capital expenditures until a threat materializes. Thus reduction in uncertainty is tantamount to ensuring that unnecessary costs are avoided and that necessary actions are undertaken with adequate warning. Ground-based radar is a knowledge-gathering tool that is uniquely able to shrink uncertainty in NEO trajectories and physical properties. The power of radar stems largely from the precision of its measurements (Table 3.1). The resolution of echoes in time delay (range) and Doppler frequency (radial velocity) is often of order 1/100 the extent of a kilometer-sized target, so several thousand radar image pixels can be placed on the target. Delay-Doppler positional measurements often have a fractional precision finer than 1/10 000 000, comparable to sub-milliarcsecond optical astrometry.