13590 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29

217. Also, petition of Henry Stoner, Yellow­ to register with the U.S. Attorney General, vestigate a certail! Negro leJ~,der as to his stone Park, Wyo., urging the U.S. Govern­ and expressing his disapproval of the group; Communist affiliatiolls; to the Committee on ment to press its efforts in the international to the Committee on Un-American Activities. Un-American Activities. race to the moon; to the Committee on 219. Also, petition of Henry Stoner, Yellow­ 220. Also, petition of Henry Stoner, Yellow­ Science and Astronautics. stone Park, Wyo., requesting a.n investigation stone- Park, Wyo., expressing opposition to 218. Also, petition of Henry Stoner, Yellow­ to determine if Abraham Lincoln was a Com­ . reducing any percentages of the tax rate on . stone Park, Wyo., requesting the passage of munist, because it is reported that a com­ . income and profits; to the Committee on legislation requiring the John Birch Society mittee of Congress is having the FBI in- Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Independence of Upper Volta suffrage. In May 1957 its first cabinet of and was thereby denied the opportunity ministers was formed. The transition to join with my friend, RALPH SCOTT, in from colony to independent state con­ paying tribute to the memory of this EXTENSION OF REMARKS tinued to August 1960, its impetus be­ . great son of North Carolina. I have OF coming ever swifter. particularly regretted this because it was HON. ADAM C. POWELL As independence approached, Upper my pleasure to have served in the House Volta planned wisely and with foresight during the 1940's when the late John OF NEW YORK for the future under the able leadership Folger represented the district now so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of its President, Mr. Maurice Yameogo. ably and well represented by Congress­ Monday, July 29, 1963 Reversing the unfortunate trend to Bal­ man SCOTT. Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ kanization which is one of the less happy John Folger made his mark and im­ gust 5 the Republic of Upper Volta will African heritages, the heads of govern­ pression upon the Nation's House of celebrate the third anniversary of her ment of Upper Volta, Niger, Ivory Coast, Representatives in his comparatively independence, and we wish to take this and Dahomey decided in 1959, prior to brief service here. I recall that he was opportunity to send warm felicitations to independence, to form a close-working rated among the great advocates of His Excellency, the President and Prime union, the Counseil de !'Entente. They causes he espoused. Possessed of splen­ Minister of Upper Volta, Maurice Yame­ agreed to adopt identical constitutions did oratorical talent, he was most im­ ogo; and His Excellency, the Upper and parliamentary and electoral systems, pressive in the well of this House on the Voltan Ambassador to the United States, to harmonize the organization of their occasions that he felt it his duty to Frederic Gweer. armed forces, to initiate common eco­ "speak his piece." In early August 1960, a number of nomic policies including a customs union Quiet and deliberative generally, he formerly dependent countries of French and common level of taxes, to set up a never hesitated to speak out in behalf West Africa became sovereign nations. joint amortization fund for the guaran­ of the causes that he thought were in Among them was the republic of Upper tee of loans, to concert diplomacy and the best interest of his State and Nation. Volta. On July 11, 1960, she had signed share ambassadors, and to coordinate I should like, Mr. Speaker, to associ­ an agreement with France providing for foreign policy. ate myself with the remarks of tribute its unconditional sovereignty and inde­ Association in the Conseil de !'Entente paid to our former colleague by my col­ pendence. on August 5, which was also has been of considerable advantage to league, RALPH ScoTT, and others who an ancient traditional festival day in Upper Volta. Although the country it­ extolled his memory. And, I join with Upper Volta, joyous independence cele­ self is landlocked, it has assured Upper them in expressing my deepest· sympa­ brations marked the omcial emergence of Volta of outlets to the sea. Cooperation thy to his widow and other survivors. this West African country approximately . has enabled the Entente countries to the size of our State of Colorado as a rationalize scarce resources. Upper sovereign member of the coDaEnunity of Volta has also continued close relations nations. with France, and as a result has received Machines Will Replace Domestics substantial French development grant as WeD as Braceros The political history of Upper Volta is aid. a fascinating tale of the rise and decline On the third anniversary of independ­ of empire, the penetration of the French ence we congratulate President Yameogo EXTENSION OF REMARKS and the establishment of a protectorate, and the people of Upper Volta for their OF and the transition from colony to au­ rational approach to the problems facing HON. BURT L. TALCOTT tonomous republic and then to sovereign them as a newly independent nation and nation. The empire-building Mossi, OF CALIFORNIA wish them continued success in solving IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thought by historians to have come from · them in the years to come. east Africa sometime in the 11th cen­ Monday, Jul11 29, 1963 tury A.D., established a feudal kingdom in Upper Volta which lasted well into Mr. TALCOTr. Mr. Speaker, if Con­ gress eliminates the bracero as a source the 19th century. By the time the The Late Honorable John H. Folger French reached the area in 1896, how­ of supplemental labor for harvesting ever, the ancient customs and rigid crops at the crucial peak times, other feudal structure which had flourished for EXTENSION OF REMARKS harvesting methods must be devised or several centuries had begun to dissolve. OF the crops will spoil. There never has been sufticient domestic labor to harvest The French established a protectorate HON. WILLIAM M. COLMER row crop vegetables or strawberries. over the kingdom of Ouagadougou, and OF MISSISSIPPI Supplemental labor was imported 80 in 1919 converted the original protecto­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years before the bracero. rate into the territory of Upper Volta. Machines are one answer. Machines As a French territory Upper Volta was Monday, July 29, 1963 have always been a dread worry to farm­ transformed from an ancient feudal em­ Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, on Tues­ workers. They take the jobs of the pire to a modem democratic state, slowly day last my distinguished colleague and bracero and domestic alike. at first but more rapidly after World the able Representative of the Fifth Dis­ Libby, McNeill & Libby estimates that War II. The constitution of the French trict of North Carolina in this body, 75 percent of their frozen peas were har­ Union approved in 1946 gave French RALPH SCOTT, called attention in appro­ vested by machines in 1962, compared West Africa representation for the first priate language to the passing into the with less than 10 percent 5 years ago. time in the French National Assembly Great Beyond of our former colleague A snap bean harvester can replace 100 and thus some lever of intluence in the from that district, the Honorable John hand pickers. Sixty percent of the snap French Government. An enabling law of Hamlin Folger. Unfortunately, I was · beans were harvested by machine last 1956 gave Upper Volta direct universal engaged in other duties at that moment year compared with none in 1955. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13591 Even asparagus and tomatoes may be smaller than my own State of Pennsyl­ ·administrative assistant. Gene is com­ harvested by machines if an adequate vania. pleting 45 years of outstanding and de­ supply of hand harvesters is not available. The Liberian Republic enjoys a rela­ voted service to the House of Repre­ Farmworkers displaced by machines tively healthy economic condition and iS sentatives. Gene has served as our cannot obtain jobs in factories or other experiencing considerable growth and esteemed Speaker's right-hand man for industries as can displaced miners, fac­ development along economic lines--a 35 years and has been associated ·with tory, or railroad workers. They seldom further tribute to the industry and as­ Speaker McCoRMACK from the first day have other skills. pirations of her capable and resourceful he arrived in Washington as Congress­ The machines which are developed to ·people. In 1958, 94.8 million pounds of man representing the 12th Massachusetts replace the bracero will displace the do­ rubber were produced along with 46.8 District. mestic also. With no more work on the million pounds of other forestry prod­ Forty-five years of public service in the farms, their last migration will be to ucts which were exported. In 1959, 2 House of Representatives is an impres­ the cities. I hope the cities have a job million pounds of coffee were exported sive record. Gene's record is far from and a place for them. as part of the yield of an increasingly being just one of quantity, but rather is Union-forced mechanization of the prosperous agricultural endeavor. Esti­ an outstanding record of quality. The vegetable fields will have the same effect mated iron ore deposits have been set at . great fund of knowledge that Gene has upon the employee that union-forced 80 million tons of 67.8 percent pure iron, acquired in nearly a half century of mechanization of the railroads and the out of which 2.6 million long tons were service in the U.S. Congress has made coalfields had upon those workers. It exported in 1959. him an invaluable aid both to the Speak­ will eliminate jobs in the newly mech­ Total imports increased from $26.7 er and many Members of the House. I anized or automated industry and force million valuation in 1956 to $69.2 million know that I speak for hundreds of my the displaced employees into competi­ in 1960. Exports, too, increased signif­ colleagues when I say that Gene's help­ tion with other low-skilled city workers icantly during the same period, climbing fulness and courtesy is deeply appre­ who need the competition least of all from $44.5 million valuation to $78.8 ciated. I know that from the first day workers. million. Nearly 1,000 main-line ships I took the oath of office In this great The skilled mechanic or machine called at Liberia's ports, principally the body, Gene Kinnaly has been a great worker may find new and greater em­ free port of Monrovia, during 1959. The source of wisdom and advice to me. He ployment related to the new farm ma­ nation has under registry 10.93 million is now a credit to the office of the Speak­ chinery developments. Union represent­ tons of ships. The main importer of er, but even before that, to the entire atives of the skilled worker should have Liberian goods is the United States, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. more consideration o.f the low-skilled ·which received $41.6 million worth of I am delighted to join with my col­ worker. More effort should be made to ·her exports in 1960; and that little na­ leagues in congratulating Gene on his improve the status of the farmworker tion reciprocated by importing $37 mil­ 45th year of loyal and tireless service and than to eliminate him. lion in U.S. goods in that same year. hope that Gene will continue to serve the The bracero program protects the do­ She belongs to that area of Africa which Speaker and the House of Representa­ mestic farm.worker. led in American private investments tives for many years to come. with $290 million in 1960. The Liberian dollar has been at par with the American dollar since 1944; and the nation was Liberian Independence Day placed in the American account area in Subversive Character of NAACP 1952. With no Sino-Soviet bloc ties or com­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS mitments whatever, the free and inde­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF pendent Republic of Liberia stands now OJ" HON. ROBERT N.C. NIX and has always stood firmly with the HON. E. C. GATHINGS free nations of the world against to­ OF ARKANSAS OP PENNSYLVANIA talitarianism and exploitation. More­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over, her multimillion-dollar Roberts­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Monday, July 29, 1963 field Airport is a strategic U.S. base, while Monday, July 29. 1963 Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, under unani­ her well-developed port of Monrovia is Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, on mous consent, I am submitting for in­ a potentially vital submarine facility. Thursday, February 23, 1956, I spoke un­ clusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD In view of her rich history, her noble der special order on the subject of the these remarks calling attention to the and substantial accomplishments, her "Subversive Character of NAACP." celebration in that country of Liberian sturdy and resourceful people, and her Records from the files of the Commit­ Independence Day, this date, July 26, :fine record in international relations-­ tee on Un-American Activities, U.s. 1963. as well as with regard for her kinship to House of Representatives, of quite a On this date, in 1847, the free and in­ the United States--I take great pleasure number of the officers. members of the dependent Republic of Liberia was estab­ in according recognition to the Republic board of directors. legal, health, and lished on the agriculturally and histori­ of Liberia on the occasion of her 141st other committees, as well as certain eally rich shore of West Africa. It was anniversary. The words and title of her members of the executive staff o:f the because of herculean efforts by pioneer­ national anthem are wen taken, "All National Association for the Advance­ ing former American slaves, substan­ hail, Liberia, hail.,. ment of Colored People. were incorpo­ tially aided by American philanthropic rated at that time. Since only a few societies, that this still vital and growing copies of this particular RECORD are constitutional democracy joined the available today, I have been requested to family of nations. Thus, under a consti­ Gene Kinnaly ask permission to again incorporate a tution modeled after our very own, these good portion of this material into the ex-slaves and descendants of slaves gave EXTENSION OF REMARKS RECORD,. so that the same may be made further proof that men must and will be OF available to anyone who may desire it. free of oppression and suppression even A copy of "NAACP in Action-Report if they are compelled by circumstances HON. TORBERT H. MACDONALD for 1961," the most current copy of this to build their own nation toward that OF MASSACHUSETTS booklet which is available at this time, end. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been used as a guideline in checking Since that time, the Republic of Li­ Monday, July 29, 1963 over the current members of the staff of beria has come to contain 1,300,000 -officials, board of directors, and various people--1960 U.N. estimation-approxi­ Mr. MACDONALD. Mr. Speaker, I committees of the National Association mately equal to the population of the wish to associate myself with the words ·for the. Advancement of Colored People. State of Arizona. Liberia occupies 43,000 ·of tribute which are being paid by my Out of the 77 persons listed as officials square miles, being slightly larger than colleagues in the House to Gene Kinnaly ·of the 'NAACP in the CONGRESSIONAL the State of Tennessee and somewhat your longtime right hand and capable REcoRD of February 23, 1956, 59 are still CIX--855 13592 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 active and serving in an official capacity "According to the Daily Worker of Septem­ son must know something of the h~story and as of 1961. All of those who are not at ber 24, 1937 (p. 6), Roy Wilkins was one of development of the American Negro move­ this time associated with the NAACP the sponsors of a joint meeting of the Amer­ ment here in the United States subsequent as revealed by this publication have been ican League Against War and Fascism and to the reconstruction period. · the American Friends of Chinese People. In 1895, Booker T. Washington, president of deleted from the material which is being "The American League Against War and Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, was selected to incorporated herewith. Fascism was cited by the Attorney General speak for the southern Negro at the Atlanta Remarks made by me with respect to as subversive and Communist (press releases Exposition. Dr. Washington stated his posi­ the original founder of the NAACP, Dr. of December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; tion clearly and with great effect. I would W. E. B. DuBois, together with a state­ also consolidated list of April1, 1954); it had like to quote several paragraphs from Booker ment with reference to or regarding the previously been cited by the Attorney Gen­ T. Washington's address which I feel sum up history and development of the Amer­ eral as a 'Communist-front organization' the entire philosophy enunciated by him and (in re Harry Bridges, May 28, 1942, p. 10); his group: ican Negro movement in the United and as 'established in the United States in · "The wisest among · my race understand States, are also included herewith. The an effort to create public sentiment on be­ that the agitation of questions of social colloquy on the floor of the House be­ h.alf of a foreign policy adapted to the in­ equality is the extremest folly, and that tween various Members is not being terests of the Soviet Union.' ( CoNGRES­ progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges made a part of the current extension of SIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, p. 7683.) that will come to us must be the result of remarks. The special Committee on Un-American Ac­ severe and constant struggle rather than of tivities cited the American League • • • as artificial forcing. No race that has anything Under leave to extend my remarks in 'completely under the control of Commu­ I to contribute to the markets of the world is the RECORD, include certain material nists' (reports of March 29, 1944; January 3, long in any degree ostracized. It is important contained in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 1939; January 3, 1940; and June 25, 1942). and right that all privileges of the law be of February 23, 1956, which came from American Friends of the Chinese People was ours, but it is vastly more important that the files of the Committee on Un-Amer­ also cited by the special Committee on Un­ we be prepared for the exercises of these ican Activities of the U.S. House of Rep­ American Activities as a Communist-front privileges. The opportunity to earn a dollar resentatives, regarding various officials organization (report of March 29, 1944). in a factory just now is worth infinitely more "The Daily Worker of January 23, 1937 than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an of the NAACP, as of 1961, together with (p. 8), reported that Roy Wilkins spoke for a brief statement made by me with re­ opera house." · the International Labor Defense in Brooklyn. Also: spect to the history of the American The International Labor Defense was cited "Cast it down in agricultural, mechan·­ Negro movement in the United States·: by the Attorney General as the legal arm ics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in "FEBRUARY 13, 1956·. of the Communist Party and as subversive the professions. ·And in this connection it "Subject: Roy Wilkins, national administra­ and Communist. (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, is well to bear in mind that whatever other tor and executive secret ary, NAACP, September 24, 1942, p. 7686; and press releases sins the South may be called to bear, when 1961 - of June 1 and September 21, 1948; also in­ it comes to business, pure and simple, it is "The public records, files and publications cluded on consolidated list released April 1, in the South that the Negro is given a ·man's of this committee contain the following in­ 1954.) The special Committee on Un-Amer­ chance in the commercial world, and in formation concerning the subject individual. ican Activities cited the ILD as the legal arm nothing is this exposition more eloquent This report should not be construed as rep­ of the Communist Party (reports of Janu­ than in emphasizing this chance. Our great­ resenting the results of an investigation by ary 3, 1939; January 3, 1940; June 25, 1942; est danger is that in the great leap from or findings of this committee. It should be and March 29, 1944); the Committee on Un­ slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact noted that the individual is not necessarily a American Activities also cited the group in a that the masses of us are to live by the Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or report released September 2, 1947. productions of our hands, and fail to keep a fellow-traveler unless otherwise indicated. "Roy Wilkins spoke at a New York State in mind that we shall prosper in proportion "The Daily Worker of July 15, 1949 (p. 5), convention of the Workers Alliance, as re­ as we learn to dignify and glorify common in an article datelined Los Angeles, July 14, ported in the Daily Worker of February 11, labor and put brains and skills into the reported that 'Roy Wilkins, acting secretary 1939 (p. 1), and February 7, 1939 (p. 5). common occupations of life; shall prosper of the National Association for the Advance­ The Workers Alliance was cited as a Com­ in proportion as we learn to draw the line ment of Colored People, told a press confer­ munist-penetrated organization and later between the superficial and the substantial, ence • • • he voted for Benjamin J. Davis, as subversive and Communist by the At­ the ornamental gewgaws of life and the use­ Negro Communist, at the last election. Da­ torney General (CoNGRESsiONAL RECORD, Sep­ ful. No race can prosper till it learns that vis is now on trial for his Communist beliefs, tember 24, 1942, p. 7684; and press releases there is as much dignity in tilling a field as along with 11 other national Communist on December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life Party leaders in New York City. Wilkins, included on consolidated list released Aprll1, we must begin, and not at the top. Nor however, refused any comment on the trial 1954). The special committee cited the should we permit our grievances to over­ itself.' The same information appeared in Workers Alliance as among the successes in shadow our opportunities." the Daily People's World of July 13, 1949 the Communist-front movements (report There was an entirely different school of (p. 1). dated January 3, 1939; also cited in reports of thought, however, which was headed by Dr. "Mr. Wilkins was a member of the national January 3, 1940; June 25, 1942; and March W. E. B. DuBois, of Atlantic University. Dr. committee, International Judicial Associa­ 29, 1944). DuBois was a very bitter critic of the Wash­ tion, as was shown on the leaflet entitled "In an article by Blaine Owen which ap­ ingtonian movement, which he referred to as 'What is the IJA?' and a letterhead of the peared in the Daily Worker of June 17, 1936 "the Tuskegee machine." Dr. DuBois was the group dated May 18, 1942; he was identified (p. 1), entitled '1936 Communist Party Con­ leader of the leftwing element of American as being from New York State. The special vention Significant to Negroes,' he stated: Negro SOciety which, in 1905, met at Niagara Committee on Un-American Activities cited 'The greatest significance undoubtedly at­ Falls, N.Y., and devised plans whereby com­ the International Judicial Association as 'a tends the 1936 convention of the Communist plete social equality could be attained. This Communist front and an offshoot of the In­ Party,' Roy Wilkins, assistant national sec­ group was subsequently called the Niagara ternational Labor Defense' (report 1311 of retary of the National Association for the movement. March 29, 1944); the Committee on Un­ Advancement of Colored People and editor The Niagara movement was not very ef­ American Activities cited the organization as of t he Crisis, said today. 'It must be patent fective, because it was hampered by lack of having 'actively defended Communists and to anyone who has kept track of the news funds. However, in 1908, a race riot occurred consistently followed the Communist Party that the political leftwing-and especially in Springfield, Ill., the home of Abraham line' (report dated September 17, 1950, p. the Communist program-has been an im­ Lincoln, which aroused the interest of the 12.) portant factor in bringing the plight of the dormant abolitionist movement in the "A letterhead of the Conference on Pan Negro people, along with other underprivi­ North. As a result of the feeling which American Democracy dated November 16, leged groups, more sharply to the attention was aroused by the Springfield race riots, 1938, contains the name of Roy Wilkins in a of those parties which have been in power. William English Walling made a strong ap­ list of sponsors of that group, cited by the • * * Nevert heless, there is no doubt in my peal for the emancipation of the American Attorney General as subversive and Commu­ min d that the program and demands of the Negro in the fields of political and social nist (press releases of June 1 and September Communists have had a very wholesome equality. This appeal later became the clar­ 21, 1948; also included on his consolidated effect of the Negro people themselves. They ion for the formation of a new organization, list released April 1, 1954); the special Com­ have been emboldened by the basic and called National Association for the Advance­ mittee on Un-American Activities cited the basically right demands put forth.' This, it ment of Colored People, which joined the Conference as a Communist-front organiza­ was pointed out to Wilkins, is what the Com­ white liberals of the northern abolitionist tion which defended Carlos Luiz Prestes, a munist Party means when it bases its entire traditions with the Negro liberals of the Niag­ Brazilian Communist leader and former campaign on the proposal for and toward ara movement. member of the executive committee of the the realization of the broad People's Front. Dr. DuBois was one of the founding fathers Communist International (report 1311 of He nodded. of . the present-day NAACP, which was March 29, 1944; also cited in report dated To understand the civil rights movement as founded in 1909. This Dr. DuBois, who June 25, 1942). propagated by the NAACP, I feel that a per- broke away from the Booker T. Washing- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13593 ton group, was the leader of the Niagara to Mayor O'Dwyer and city council majority presidential campaign in New York City movement. His record of citations from the leader Joseph T. Sharkey. It is a reprint of (Daily Worker of April 14, 1952, P·~ 0, an ad­ House Committee on Un-American Activl· a letter to the New York Times by Dr. vertisement; and the Daily Wo:rker of April ties takes up nine pages. single spa.ced: Schie:ffelin in which he charges that tlle real 21, 1952, p. 1); he spoke a.t an e~ectio.!l rally "FEBRUARY 21, 1956. reason for the refusal to seat German (sic. in Madison Square Garden, 1\fay 13:, held un­ "Subject: Dr. w. E. B. DuBois, founder Gerson) is "the Cllrrent antl-Qomm'Qnist der the auspices of the American Labor Party NAACP, leader Niagara movement. · hysteria.''' Dr. DuBois was named as hav- (Daily Worker of May 8, 1952., p. 8,_an adver­ "The public records, files, and publications -ing signed the statement. (See also adver­ tisement; and May 14, 19&2, p. 1); and he of this committee contain the following in- tisement in New York Times of February 19, spoke at an election rally in Madison Square formation concerning the subject individual. 1948. p. 13.) Garden, October 21 (Dally Worker of October This report should not be construed as rep- "Dr. DuBois was a member of a committee 22, 1952, p. 8, an advertisement; and Octo­ resenting the results of an investigation by formed to protest the arrest of Pablo Neruda, ber 29, 1952, p. 2). or findings of this committee. It should be Communist Chilean senator and world fa­ "The Daily Worlcer of March 29, 194&. (p. 7), noted that the individual is not necessarily mous poet; he signed a statement of the named Dr. DuBois as a member of the execu­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or organization in support of Neruda. (Daily tive board and of the Policy Committee, a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. Worker of April 7, 1948, p. 13, and April 10, Council on African A:ffairs; he signed the "The Worker (Sunday edition of the Com- 1950, p. 2, respectively.} He was sponsor of council's petition to the United Nations as munist publication, the Daily Worker) on a reception and testimonial for Harry Sacher, shown in the Daily Worker of June 5, 1950 April 27, 1947, reported that 'almost 100 defense attorney for the Communist leaders. (p. 4); drafted their statement against the Negro leaders, headed by W. E. B. DuBois, (Daily Worker of December 5, 1949, p. 2.) policy of the United States in Korea (Daily Paul Robeso:n, and Roscoe Dunjee, last week "When Earl Browder (then general secre­ Worker of July 25, 1950, p. 3) and spoke at called upon President TrUman to "repudiate tary, Communist Party) was in Atlanta the council's conference on April 24 at decisively" steps to "illegalize the Communist Penitentiary serving a sentence involving his Friendship Baptist Church in New York City party." • • • As Negro Americans • • • we fraudulent passports, the Communist (Daily Worker, April 23, 1954, p. 8 and April cannot be unmindful that this proposal to Party's front which agitated for his release 26, 1954, p. 6). The Attorney General cited outlaw the Communist Party comes precisely was known as the Citizens' Committee to the Council on African Atrairs· as subversive when our Federal Government professes Free Earl Browder (special Committee on and Communist (press releases of December grave concern over the democratic rights of Un-American Activities in Report 1311 of 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948); also redes­ peoples in far distant parts of the world' March 29, 1944); the Attorney General of ignated-consoiidated list of April 1, 1954. (p. 8 of the Worker}. the United States had cited the Citizens' "The Attorney General cited the Jefferson "Dr. DuBois sponsored a statement attack- Committee as Communist (CoNGRESSIONAL School of Social Science as an 'adjunct of ing the arrest of Communist Party leaders RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, p. 7687, and press re­ the Communist Party' {press release of Dec. (Daily Worker, Aug. 23, 1948, p. 3); he lease of Apr. 27, 1949). Dr. DuBois was a 4, 1947); also redesignated-eonsolidated sponsored a 'Statement by Negro Americans' member of the Citizens' Committee • • • in list of Apr. 1, 1954}; the Special Committee on behalf of the Communist leaders (the -1942, as shown on their letterhead dated reported that .'at the beginning of the Worker of Aug. 29, 1948, p. ll); he filed February 11, 1942; he sponsored a dinner of present year, the old Communist Party a brief in the Supreme Court on behalf of the group, according to the Daily Worker of Workers School and the School for De­ the 12 Communist leaders (Daily Worker, February 5, 1942, and signed the call to the mocracy were merged into the Jefferson Jan. 9, 1949, p. 3); he signed statements National Free Browder Congress, as shown in School of Social Science.' (Report 1311 of on behalf of Communist leaders, as. shown the Daily Worker of February 25, 1942, pages Mar. 29, 1944.) Dr. DuBois was honored in the following sources: Daily Worker, Jan- I and 4. at the Jefi'erson School, as shown in the uary 1'1, 1949 (p. 3); February 28, 1949 (p. "A 1950 letterhead of the American Com- Daily Worker on Feb. 1, 1951 (p. 2); it 9); Daily People's World, May 12, 1950 (p. mittee for Protection of Foreign Born carries was announced in the Daily Worker on 12); Daily Worker, September 19, 1950 (p. the name or Dr. W. E. B. DuBois in a list of Jan. 2, 1952 (p. 7), that Dr. DuBois was '2}; and in 1952, he signed an appeal tp sponsors of that organization; the same in­ scheduled to conduct a seminar on 'Back­ President Truman, requesting amnesty for formation appears on an undated letterhead ground of Africa Liberation Struggles• at leaders of the Communist- Party convicted of the group, distributing a speech of Abner the Jefferson School; the Jan. 26, 1952, under the Smith Act (Daily Worker, Dec. Green at the conference of December 2-3, -issue of the same publication tp. 7), named 10, 1952, p. 4); also an appeal on their . 1950; a letterhead of the Midwest. Committee ·him as a faculty member of that school, as behalf addressed to President Eisenhower for Protection of Foreign Born dated April 80, did the Worker, October 4, 1953 (p. 10} and (Daily People's World, Nov. 17, 1954, 1951, names him as a national sponsor o! the the Daily Worker, Oct. 14,. 1953 · (p. B)­ p. 2) . Dr. DuBois was one of the sponsors organization. He signed the group's state­ advertisement. He signed statements on be;­ of. the National Non-Partisan Committee To ment opposing the Hobbs bill ~Daily Worker, ha.lt of the Jefferson School as shown in the Defend the Rights of the 12 Communist July 25, 1950, p. 4); he signed their statement Dally Worker, Nov. 25, 1953 (p. 2) and the Leaders, as shown on the back of. their iettei- opposing denaturalization (Dally Worker of Daily People's World, July 6, 1954 (p. 7). head dated September 9, 1949. August 10, 1950, p. 5); and signed a telegram "A statement on behalf of Eugene Dennis, prepared and dispatched by the organization "I:n a report of the special committee, a Communist, contained the signature of to the Attorney General of the United States, dated Mar. 29, 1944, the National Council Dr. DuBois, identified as an educator (Daily protesting holding nine noncitizens without of American-Soviet Friendship was cited as Worker of May 5, 1950, p. 2); he signed a bail under the McCarran Act. (Daily having been, in recent months. the Com­ telegram of the National Committee To Win worker of November 24, 1952, p. 3.) He was munist Party's principal front for all things Amnesty for Smith Act Victims, greeting also listed in the Daily Worker of October 21, Russian (report dated Mar. 29, 1944); the Eugene Dennis on his 48th birthday (Daily 1954 (p. 2} as one of 95 sponsors of the Na­ organization has been cited as subversive Worker, August 11, 1952, p. 3); Eugene Den- tiona! Conference to Defend the Rights of and Communist by the Attorney General nis was_ formerly secretary general of the Foreign Born Americans, to be herd Decem­ (press releases of Dee. 4, 194'1, and Sept. 21, 1948; also redesignated consolidated Communist Party. ber 11 through 12 in New York City by the The Daily Worker of August 2, 1949 {p. 2).. American Committee for Protection of For­ list of Apr. 1, 1954). Dr. Dubois signed a disclosed that Dr. DuBois endorsed Ben- eign Born. statement o! the national council in 1947 (Daily Worker, Oct. 1'1, 1947, p. 4); he jamin J. Davis, Jr., well-known Communist "The special committee cited the American signed the organization's statement pro­ leader; he was honorary chairman of the Committee for Protection of Foreign Born as testing the Iron Curtain, as reported in Committee To Defend V. J. Jerome, chair- •one of the oldest auxiliaries of the Com­ man, cultural commission of the Commu- the Daily People's World on May 20, 1948 nist Party, United States of America (letter- munist Party in the United States' (report , ,p, 5); he signed a statement of. tbe council, head dated June 24, 1952 ). A leatlet of the of March 29, 1944; also cited in report of praising Henry Wallace's Open Letter to Civil Rights Congress (dated March 20, 1947) June 25, 1942}; the Attorney General cited Stalin in May 1948 (from a pamphlet en­ named Dr. DuBois as having defended Ger- the organization as subversive and Commu­ titled 'How To End the Cold War and Build hart Eisler, communist. He was one of the nist (press releases of June 1 and Septem- the Peace,' p. 9) ~ he signed their statement ber 21, 1948; also redesignated pursuant to calling for a conference with the Soviet sponsors of the Committee To Defend Alex- Executive Order 10450, see consolidated list of ander Tractenberg, former member of the · Union (Daily Worker, June 21. 1948. p. 3}; national committee of the Communist Party April I, 1954) · he signed their Roll Call for Peace (Daily (Daily People's world of April 17,. 1952, p. 7; "'For years, the Communists have put . Worker of Aug. 31, 1948~ p. 5); he sent greet­ and the Daily Worker of April18, 1952, p. 6), forth the greatest efforts to capture the en- ings through the national council on the "The Daily Worker of February 16, 1948 (p. _tire American Labor Party throughout New . 31st anniversary of the Russian Revolu­ 16), reported that some '80 leading New York State. They succeeded in capturing the tion (Daily Worker, Nov. 10,. 1948, p. 11); York civic leaders, trade unionists, and pro- Manhattan and Brooklyn sections of the he signed the council's appeal to the fessionals yesterday joined Dr. William Jay American Labor Party but outside of New United States Government to end the cold Schi.effelin, president emeritus of the citi- York City, they have been unable to win con­ war and arrange a conference with the So­ zens. union, to demand the prompt seating trol' (Special Committee's Report 1311 of viet Union (leafiet entitled 'End the Cold of Simon W. Gerson to the city council seat March 29, 1944). Dr. DuBois spoke at a State War-Get Together for Peace,' dated De­ made vacant by the death of Councilman conference oi' the American Labor Party cember 1948) ~ he spoke at the Congress on Peter V. Cacchione, Brooklyn Communist. (Daily Worker of December 12, 1950, p. 5).; American-Soviet Relations, Dec. 3-5, 1949, * * * The civic leaders' statement is directed he spoke at a dinner, April 18, opening the arranged by the national council and signed 13594 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE' July 29 the council's letter to the American people, elected vice chairman of the group in 1950 Communist by the Attorney General; it had urging that a unified democratic Germany (Daily Worker, May 1, 1950, p. 12); a letter~ previously been cited by the Attorney Gen­ be established (Daily People's World, Aug. head of the group dated July 28, 1950, names eral as follows: 'Evidence of Communist 13, 1952, pp. 4 and 6). him as vice chairman of the group; he en­ penetration or control is reflected in the fol­ "A letterhead ·of the Conference on Peace­ dorsed a conference on equal rights for Ne­ lowing: Among its stock the establishment ful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, dated groes in the arts, sciences, and professions has offered prominently for sale books and Aug. 21, 1949, lists the name of Dr. W. E. B. sponsored by the New Y.ork Council of the literature identified with the Communist DuBois as having signed an open letter of Arts, Sciences, and Professions (Daily Work­ Party and certain of its affiliates and front the organization, addressed to Senators and er, November 9, 1951, p. 7); the call to the organizations' (press releases of Dec. 4, 1947, Congressmen, urging defeat of President conference contained the same information. and Sept. 21, 1948; also redesignated-con­ Truman's arms program; he answered a A letterhead of the national council, dated solidated list of Apr. 1, 1954; and the CoN­ questionnaire of the Committee for a Demo­ December 7, 1952, named him as vice chair~ GRESSIONAL RECORD of Sept. 24, 1942, p. 7688, cratic Far Eastern Policy in favor of recogni­ man. respectively). The special committee cited tion of Chinese Communist Government, as "The call to a Scientific and Cultural Con­ the Washington Book Shop as a Communist­ shown in Far East Spotlight for December ference for World Peace, issued by the Na­ front organization (report of Mar. 29, 1944). 1949-January 1950 (p. 23). tional Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Pro­ "The Workers Book Shop catalog for "The Conference for Peaceful Alternatives fessions for New York City, March 25-27, 1948 (p. 5), advertised Dr. DuBois' 'The to the Atlantic Pact was cited as a meeting 1949, as well as the conference program World and Africa' ;[or sale; the 1949-50 cata­ called by the Daily Worker in July 1949, to (p. 12), and the Daily Worker of February log (p. 11) advertised his 'Black Folk Then be held in Washington, D.C., and as having 21, 1949 (p. 9), named Dr. DuBois as one of and Now'; the Worker for March 1, 1953 (p. been instigated by 'Communists in the the sponsors of that conference; he was a 16), carried an advertisement of Dr. DuBois' United States (who) did their part in the member of the program committee of the books, 'The Battle for Peace' and 'Black Re­ Moscow campaign' (Committee on Un­ conference, honorary chairman of the panel construction' on sale at the Workers Book Amerlcan Activities in Report 378 on the at cultural and scientific conference (pro­ Shop, New York City. The Workers Book Communist Peace Offensive dated Apr. 1, gram, p. 7), and spoke on the Nature of Shops are a chain of Communist bookshops 1951). The Committee for a Democratic Far Intellectual Freedom at that conference (p. which are official outlets for Communist Eastern Policy has been cited as Communist 78 of the edited report of the conference literature. by the Attorney General (press release of entitled 'Speaking for Peace'). "As shown on the following sources, Dr. Apr. 27, 1949); also redesignated-consoli­ "The National Council of the Arts, Sci­ DuBois was a member of the advisory coun­ dated list of Apr. 1, 1954. ences, and Professions was cited as a Com­ cil of Soviet Russia Today: Letterhead of "A page of signatures from the Golden munist-front organization by the Commit­ the publication dated September 8, 1947; a. Book of American Friendship with the Soviet tee on Un-American Activities in its review letterhead of September 30, 1947; and an Union, 'sponsored by American friends of of the Scientific and Cultural Conference for undated letterhead received April 1948. The the Soviet Union, and signed by hundreds World Peace, released April 19, 1949; in the Daily People's World of November 6, 1952 of thousands of Americans' was published same review, the Scientific and Cultural Con­ (p. 7), reported that Dr. DuBois had wr\.t­ in the November 1937 issue of Soviet Russia ference was cited as a Communist front ten an article for the November issue of Today (p. 79): the Golden Book was to be which 'was actually a supermobilization of New World Review; and his article entitled presented to President Kalinin at the 20th the inveterate· wheelhorses and supporters of 'Normal United States-China Relations' ap­ anniversary celebration. The page carried the Communist Party and its auxiliary or­ peared in the issue of August 1954 (pp. the title, 'I hereby inscribe my name in ganizations.' 13-15) . He was also shown by the Daily greeting to the people of the Soviet Union "The Daily People's World of October 28, Worker of October 20, 1954 (p. 7), as one on the 20th anniversary of the establishment 1947 (p. 4), named Dr. DuBois as one of the of those who attended the annual banquet of the Soviet Republic,' and a facsimile of sponsors of a national conference of the held by New World Review on October 14 the name, W. E. B. DuBois, appeared on that Civil Rights Congress in Chicago, November at which special tribute was paid to· Mr. page. 21-23, 1947; he sponsored their Freedom and Mrs. Paul Robeson. Soviet Russia Today "The Golden Book of American Friendship Crusade (Daily Worker, Dec. 15, 1948, has been cited as a Communist-front pub­ was cited as a 'Communist enterprise' signed p. 2); the call to a Bill of Rights Conference, lication by the special committee in reports by 'hundreds of well-known Communists and called by the Civil Rights Congress, of March 29, 1944, and June 25, 1942; th·e fellow travelers (Special Committee on Un­ for July 16-17, 1949, in New York City, Committee on Un-American Activities also American Activities in Report 1311 of March named him as one of the sponsors cited it as a Communist-front publication 29,1944). of that conference; the program of the Na­ in a report dated October 23, 1949. Soviet "A letterhead of the New York Committee tional Civil Rights Legislative Conference, Russia Today changed its name to New To Win the Peace, dated June 1, 1946, con­ January 18-19, 1949, called by the Civil World Review, effective with the March 1951 tains the name of W. E. B. DuBois in a list Rights Congress, lists him as one of the con­ issue. of New York committee members. The Na­ ference sponsors; he was chairman of a con­ tional Committee To Win the Peace, with "The Daily Worker of July 6, 1951 (p. 7), ference of the Congress, as reported in the reported that Dr. DuBois was author of the which the New York committee is affiliated, Worker of January 2, 1949 (p. 5); Dr. DuBois pamphlet, 'I Take My Stand for Peace,' pu~­ was cited as subversive and Communist by was defended by the Civil Rights Congress the United States Attorney General. (Press lished by the New Country Publishers, official (Daily Worker, Feb. 13, 1951, p. 3); he Communist Party publishing house which releases of December 4, 1947, and September signed the organization's open letter to J. 21, 1948; also redesignated consolidated list Howard McGrath, U.S. Attorney Gen­ has published the works of William Z. Foster of April1, 1954.) eral, on behalf of the four jailed trustees and Eugene Dennis, Communist Party chair­ "Dr. DuBois sponsored a petition of the of the bail fund of the Civil Rights Congress man and executive secretary, respectively. American Council for a Democratic Greece, of New York (advertisement paid for by (Committee on Un-American Activities in as disclosed by the Daily People's World of contributions of signers which appeared in its report of May 11, 1948.) August 23, 1948 (p. 2); he signed a state­ the Evening Star on Oct. 30, 1951, p. "In 1947 and 1948, Dr. DuBois was con­ ment of the same organization, condemning A-7); he participated in the organization's tributing editor on the staff of New Masses the Greek Government, as reported in the sixth anniversary dinner in New York City, magazine and later, of Masses and Main­ Daily Worker of September 2, 1948 (p. 7). March 26, 1952 (Daily Worker, Mar. 28, stream. (New Masses, July 22, 1947, p. 2; The American Council for a Democratic 1952, p. 4). Masses and Mainstream, Mar. 1948, vol. 1, Greece has been cited as subversive and Com­ "The Civil Rights Congress was formed in No. 1; and issue of August 1950, p. 1; June munis.t, an organization formerly known as 1946 as a merger of two other Communist­ 1954, inside front cover.) He contributed the 'Greek-American Council (Attorney Gen­ front organizations, the International Labor articles to the following issues of New Masses eral of the United States in press releases of Defense and the National Federation for and Masses and Mainstream-New Masses June 1 and September 21, 1948); also redesig­ Constitutional Liberties; it is 'dedicated not for September 10, 1946 (p. 3) and June 10, nated-consolidated list of April1, 1954. to the broader issues of civil liberties, but 1947 (p. 20); Masses and Mainstream for "Dr. DuBois was a sponsor of a conference specifically to the defense of individual Com­ April 1951 (pp. 10-16) ; and February 1952 of the National Council of Arts, Sciences and munists and the Communist Party• and (pp. 8-14). Professions, October 9-10, 1948, as shown in 'controlled by individuals who are either "In 1940, Dr. DuBois signed New Masses' a leaflet entitled 'To Safeguard These Rights,' members of the Communist Party or openly letter to President Roosevelt as shown in published by the Bureau of Academic Free­ loyal to it' (Rept. 1115 of the Committee on New Masses for April 2, 1940 (p. 21); he was dom of the National Council; a letterhead of Un-American Activities, dated Sept. 2, honored at a dinner in New York City, Jan­ the National Council (received for files Janu­ 1947); the Attorney General cited the con­ uary 14, 1946, arranged by New Masses and ary 1949) named him as a member-at-large gress as subversive and Communist (press at which awards were made for greater inter­ of that organization; he was named as vice releases of Dec. 4, 1947 and Sept. 21, 1948); racial understanding (Dally Worker of Jan. chairman of the group on the leaflet, Policy also redesignated-consolidated list of April 7, 1946, p. 11, cols. 1 and 2); he endorsed and Program Adopted by the National Con­ 1, 1954. New Masses, as reported in the Daily Worker vention, 1950; a letterhead of the same or­ "Dr. DuBois spoke in . Washington, D.C., of April 7, 1947 (p. 11): he sponsored a plea ganization's southern California chapter, on May 9, 1947, under the auspices of t~e for financial support of New Masses, as dis­ dated April 24, 1950, lists him a,s a member­ Washington Book Shop,- as shown by a leaflet closed in· the issue of that publication for at-large of the national council; he was of the Book Shop, cited as subversive and Apr. 8, 1947 (p. 9); he received the New 19-63 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13595 Masses award for his contribution in pro­ by the World Peace Oouncll (Daily People's "Dr. DuBois issued a statement on the moting democracy and interracial unity at World of January 29, 1953, p. 7; the Worker death of Stalin which read in part as follows: the publication's second annual awards din­ of February 8, 1953, p. 5; and Daily People's 'Let all Negroes, Jews, and foreign born who ner (New Masses of Nov. 18, 1947, p. 7); the World, November 25, 1953, p. 4). He awarded have suffered in America from prejudice and February 1953 issue of Masses and Main­ the Stalin Peace Prize for 1953 to Howard intolerance remember Joseph stalin' (Daily stream carried a chapter from Dr. DuBois' Fast in ceremonies held in the Hotel Mc­ Worker of Mar. 9, 1953, p. 3); the Daily book, 'The Soul of Black Folk,' written 50 Alpin in April 1954. (See Daily Worker, April Worker of January 18, 1952 (p. 8), reported years ago (Daily Worker, Feb. 23, 1953, p. 7); 26, 1954, pp. 3 and 6 and the Worker, May that he had renewed his fight for a passport he was author of 'In Battle for Peace,' de­ 9, 1954, p. 9.) in order to attend the American Intercon­ scribed as the story of his 83d birthday, and The Daily Worker of June 20, 1950 (p. 2), tinental Peace Conference in Rio de Janeiro; which was published by Masses and Main­ reported that Dr. DuBois signed the World it was reported in the Washington Evening stream (the Daily Worker of June 18, 1952, Peace Appeal; the same information appears Star on May 10, 1952 (p. B-21), that Dr. p. 7; Daily People's World of Sept. 17, 1952, on an undated leaflet of the enterprise, re­ DuBois was refused admission to Canada to p. 7; the Daily Worker of Sept. 23, 1952, p. 7; ceived by this committee September 11, 1950. attend the Canadian Peace COngress because and the Worker of Dec. 21, 1952, p. 7). A mimeographed list of individuals who he refused to undergo an examination by "The Attorney General of the United States signed the Stockholm World Appeal To Out­ the Canadian Immigration Service. On Sep­ cited New Masses as a Communist periodi­ law Atomic Weapons, received for filing Oc­ tember 14, 1952, the Worker (p. M6) re­ cal (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of September tober 23, 1950, contains the name of Dr. ported that Dr. DuBois had experienced 24, 1942, p. 7688); the special committee DuBois. He was chairman of the Peace In­ passport difficulties when leaving the United cited it as a nationally circulated weekly formation Center where the Stockholm peace States; and on May 4, 1953 (p. 2), the Daily journal of the Communist Party (report petition was made available. (Daily Worker Worker reported that U.S. delegate Betty of March 29, 1944; also cited in reports of of May 25, . 1950, p. 2; and August 16, 1950, Sanders told the opening session of the Con­ January 3, 1939 and June 25, 1942.) Begin­ p. 5.) tinental Cultural Congress in Santiago, Chile, ning with the March 1948 issue, New Masses "The World Peace Congress which was held that DuBois would have attended in person and Mainstream (Marxist quarterly) con­ in Paris, France, April 20-23, 1949, was cited 'as well as in spirit,' if he had not been denied solidated into what is now know as Masses as a Communist front among the 'peace' a passport.'' and Mainstream, with the announcement conferences which 'have been organized un­ According to Webster's New Collegiate that 'here, proudly, in purpose even if not der Communist initiative in various coun­ Dictionary, "subversion" means "act of in identical form, is a magazine that com­ tries throughout the world as part of a subverting, or a state of being subverted; bines and carries forward the 37-year-old campaign against the North Atlantic Defense overthrow; utter ruin; destruction. That tradition of New Masses and the more re­ pact' (Committee on Un-American Activities which subverts." cent literary achievement of Mainstream. in reports of April 19, 1949; July 13, 1950; The time element would prevent my read­ We have regrouped our energies, not to retire and April!, 1951). The World Peace Oouncil ing all of these citations on the various indi- _ from the battle but to wage it with fresh was formed at the conclusion of the Second viduals who compose the high echelon of resolution ·and confidence' (Masses and World Peace Congress in Warsaw and was this organization. I will, however, read ex­ Mainstream for March 1948, p. 3). 'heralded by the Moscow radio as the expres­ cerpts from some of them and _would like to "A letterhead of the Committee To Secure sion of the determination of the peoples to ask later for permission to incorporate each Justice in the Rosenberg case, dated March take into their own hands the struggle for of them in full in the RECORD. 1.5. 1952, carried the name of Dr. W. E. B. peace.' (Committee on Un-American Activi­ DuBois in a list of sponsors; he joined in a ties in a report dated April 1, 1951.) "OCTOBER 13, 1955. request of that committee for a new trial for "The World Peace Appeal was cited as ape­ "Subject: Arthur B. Spingarn, national presi­ Ethel and Julius Rosenberg (Daily Worker of tition campaign launched by the Permanent dent, member of board of directors, June 2, 1952, p. 6); he participated in a rally Committee of the World Peace Congress at NAACP, 1961. October 23 in New York City, to demand its meeting in Stockholm, March 16-19, 1950; "The public records, files, and publications clemency for the Rosenbergs (Daily Worker, it 'received the enthusiastic approval of every of this committee contain the following Oct. 27, 1952, p. 8); he signed an amicus section of the international Communist information concerning the subject indi­ curiae brief presented to Supreme Court in hierarchy' and was 'lauded in the Commu­ vidual. This report should not be construed Washington, D.C., urging a new ·trial for nist press, putting every individual Commu­ as representing the results of an investiga­ the Rosenbergs (Daily Worker of November nist on notice that he "has the duty to rise tion by or findings of this committee. It 10, 1952, p. 3; and the Daily People's World ;:>f to this appeal.''' (Committee on Un-Ameri­ should be noted that the individual is not November 13, 1952, p. 8). He wrote an article can Activities in its report of April 1, 1951.) necessarily a Communist, a Communist sym­ entitled 'A Negro Leader's Plea To Save "The American Peace Crusade, organized pathizer, or a fellow-traveler unless other­ Rosenbergs' (The Worker of November 16, wise indicated. in January 1951, was cited as an organization "Arthur B. Spingarn is listed as an indi­ 1952, p. 3M); and the Daily Worker of Jan­ which 'the Communists established as a new uary 21, 1953 (p. 7), reported that he had vidual participating in the Conference on instrument for their 'peace' offensive in the Africa, held by the Council on African Af­ urged clemency for the Rosenbergs. United States' (Committee on Un-American "The Daily Worker of April 11, 1949 (p. 5), fairs in New York City, Apri114, 1944, accord­ Activities in its reports of Feb. 19, 1951, ing to the Council's pamphlet, for a New reported that Dr. DuBois was a member of and Apr. 1, 1951); Dr. DuBois was one of the Sponsoring Committee of the World Africa (p. 37). the sponsors of the crusade (Daily Worker "The Attorney General of the United States Peace Congress in Paris; he was cochairman of Feb. 1, 1951, p. 2); minutes of the of the American Sponsoring Committee of cited the Council on African Affairs as sub­ sponsors meeting which was held in Wash­ versive and Communist in letters to the the Congress, as disclosed on a leaflet en­ ington, D.C., March 15, 1951 (p. 4), named titled 'World Congress for Peace, Paris,' April Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, him as one of the initiators of the crusade 1947, and September 21, 1948. The Attorney 20-23, 1949, he was proposed as a candidate and also as having been proposed as cochair­ for the World Peace Prize, awarded by the General redesignated the organization April man of that meeting; he was a sponsor of the 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order No. World Peace Congress (Daily People's World American People's Congress and Exposition of December 7, 1951, p. 4); he was a member 10450, and included it on the April 1, 1954, for Peace, which was held in Chicago, June consolidated list of organizations previously of the Executive Committee of the World 29-July 1, i951, called by the American Peace Peace Congress (Daily Worker of September designated. Crusade to advance the theme of world "An undated leaflet, 'The Only Sound Pol­ 14, 1950, p. 5) ; he was one of the sponsors peace (Daily Worker, Apr. 22, 1951, p. 2; of the Second World Peace· Congress in Shef­ icy for a Democracy' and the Daily Worker of May 1, 1951, p. 11; the American Peace Cru­ March 18, 1945 (p. 2), listed Arthur Spingarn, field, England (Daily Worker of October 19, sade, May 1951, · pp. 1 and 4; the Daily 1950, p. 3); he was elected to the Presiding president NAACP, New York, N.Y., as one who Worker of May 9, 1951, p. 4; Daily Worker of signed a statement of the National Federa­ Commitrtee of the World Peace Congress June 11, 1951, p. 2; a leaflet of the congress; (Daily Worker of November 17,1950, p. 1); he tion for Constitutional Liberties supporting Daily Worker of July 1, 1951, p. 3; a leaflet the War Department's order on granting was a member of the World Peace Council entitled 'An Invitation to American Labor commissions * • • to members of the Armed of that Congress (Daily Worker of November To Participate in a Peace Congress'; the call Forces who have been members of or sympa­ 24, 1950, p. 9); a mimographed letter dated to the American People's Congress; the Daily thetic to the views of the Communist Party. December 1, 1950, contains his name in a list Worker of July 3, 1951, p. 2). He signed a An advertisement in the New York Times, of sponsors of the American Sponsoring petition of the crusade, calling on President April 1, 1946 (p. 16), listed Arthur B. Spin­ Committee for Representation at the World Truman and Congress to seek a big-power garn as a· signer of a statement of the Na­ Peace Congress. pact (Daily Worker, Feb. 1, 1952, p. 1); tional Federation for Constitutional Liberties "Dr. DuBois was a member of U.S. Sponsor­ he attended a meeting of Delegates Assembly opposing use of injunctions in labor disputes. ing Committee of the American Intercon­ for Peace, called by the crusade and held in "The Attorney General cited the National tinental Peace Conference (Daily Worker Washington, D.C., April 1 (Daily Worker, Federation for Constitutional Liberties as of December 28, 1951, p. 2, and February 6, Apr. 3, 1952, p. 3); he was one of the spon­ subversive and Communist in letters released 1952, p. 2); the Peace COnference was called sors of a peace referendum jointly with the December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; by the World Peace Council, formed at the American Peace Crusade to make the end of redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on conclusion of the Second World Peace Con­ the Korean war a major issue in the 1952 the April!, 1G54, consolidated list. The group gress in Warsaw; he was awarded the In·ter­ election campaign (Daily People's World of was cited previously by the Attorney Gen­ national Peace Prize for "six world figures" Aug. 25, 1952, p. 8). eral as part of what Lenin called the solar 13596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 'July 29- system of organizations, ostensibly having no the Communist Party, through which he "''l'he fight widened. to such an extent that connection with the Communist Party, by found it was chiefly financed. • Randolph began to speak openly against which Communists attempt to create sympa­ "George K. Hunton, testified in public Communist doinination. I used to wbnder thizers and supporters of their program. hearings, Committee on Un-American Activi­ how Randolph could be so naive as to not (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, · ties, .Tuly 13, 1949 (p. 451), concerning the know it was a Communist-front organiza- p. 7687.) The special Committee on Un­ Communist infiltration of the National Ne­ tion. . American Activities, in its report of March 29, gro Congress with reference to A. Philip " 'Before the third congress met, we got 1944 (p. 50), cited the Nationa:l Federa~ion Randolph as follows: . wind that Randolph was going to resign. We as 'one of the viciously subverslVe orgamza­ "'In the National Negro Congress they did had Communists go to that congress repre­ tions of the Communist Party.' The Com­ m ake progress. That was a sound, construc­ senting various paper organizations so as to mittee on Un-American Activities, in its re­ tive organization started about 10 years ago. give them control in voting. port of September 2, 1947 (p. 3), cited the It was a good organization, with a sound, " 'When Randolph saw the congress was National Federation • • • as among a 'maze constructive program, and the Commies packed with Communists, Randolph re­ of organizations' which were 'spawned for the moved in, and within a year and a half the signed and walked out • • • .' (Pp. 510-- alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in white Communist members completely out­ 512.) general but actually intended to protect numbered the Negro members and took over. "A. Philip Randolph supported a statement Communist subversion from any penalties Be it said to his credit that the then pres!.; to Congress issued by the American League under the law.' dent, A. Philip Randolph, roundly denounced Against War and Fascism against neutrality "An undated letterhead of the Public Use them and then resigned, and said no longer measures as reported by the Daily Worker of of Arts Committee listed Arthur B. Spingarn would the National Negro Congress repre­ February 27, 1937 (p. 2). The Daily Worker as a sponsor of the organization. The Special sent the feeling of the Negro people who or­ of April 22, 1938 (p. 2), reported that A. Committee on Un-American Activities, in its ganized it • * *.' Philip Randolph was one of the signers of a report of March 29, 1944 (p. 112), cited the "Manning Johnson testified in public letter urging open hearings on the neutrality Public Use of Arts Committee as a Com­ hearings, Committee on Un-American Activ­ act which was sent to Congress under auspi­ munist front which was organized by the ities, July 14, 1949, as follows concerning the ces of the American League for Peace and Communist-controlled Artists Union." National Negro Congress and A • .PhUip Democracy. A. Philip Randolph was nomi­ Randolph: nated as a member of the National Labor "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. " 'Mr. TAVENNER. What was the relation­ Committee of the American League for Peace "Subject: Grace B. Fenderson, national vice ship of that comxnisslon (Negro Commission and Democracy at the American Congress for president, NAACP, 1961. of the Communist Party) to the American "The public records, files, and publications Peace and Democracy held in Washington, Negro Labor Congress, the League of Strug­ D.C., January 6-8, 1939, as shown by the of this committee contain the following in· gle for Negro Rights, and the National Negro pamphlet, '7¥2 Million • * *' (p. 32) . Let­ formation concerning the subject individuaL Congress? terheads of the China Aid Council of the This report should not be construed as repre· "'Mr. JoHNSON. The Negro League was American League for Peace and Democracy senting the results of an investigation by or formed by the Communist Party, and its dated May 18, 1938, and June 11, 1938, name findings of this committee. It should be program was identical with the program of him as a sponsor of the council. He was a noted that the individual is not necessarily the Communist Party for the Negro. a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or sponsor of the Easter drive of the China Aid "'The majority of members of the Ameri­ Council of the American League • • •, as a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. can Negro Labor Congress were Communists shown by the Daily Worker of April 8, 1938 "The pamphlet, 'For a New Africa• (p. 37), or fellow-travelers. It was a very narrow, proceedings of the Conference on Africa (p. 2). A photostatic copy of a letterhead of sectarian organization, and the party de­ the American League for Peace and Democ­ held under auspices of the Council on African cided to change its name and broaden its Affairs, April 14, 1944, named Mrs. Grace B. racy dated April 6, 1939, listed A. Philip Ran­ activities, so the name was changed to the dolph as a national sponsor of that organi­ Fenderson as a conference participant. League of Struggle for Negro Rights. • • • "The Attorney General of the United States zation. " 'The League of Struggle for Negro Rights "The Attorney General of the United States cited the Council on African Affairs as sub­ was never successful in penetrating any versive and Communist in letters to the cited the American League Against War and broad sections of the Negro people. It re­ Fascism as subversive and Communist, in Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, mained a very narrow and sectarian orga­ 1947, and September 21, 1948; redesignated letters to the Loyalty Review Board, released nization. So the party, after having received December 4, 1947 and September 21, 1948. April 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order the open letter, which was really drawn in No. 10450, and included on the April 1, 1954, · The organization was redesignated by the Moscow and called for breaking away from Attorney General April 27, 1953, pursuant to consolidated list of organizations previously narrow organizations, in line with .this open designated. Executive Order No. 10450, and included it letter, at a meeting of the national com· on the April 1, 1954, consolidated list of mittee which, as I recall, was in the latter organizations previously designated. The "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. part of 1934 or early part of 1935, we dis­ "Subject: A. Philip Randolph, national vice organization was cited previously by the At. cussed the general situation among Negroes, torney General as a Communist-front or­ president, NAACP, 1961. and the conclusion was that there was con­ "The public records, files, and publications ganization (in re Harry Bridges, May 28, siderable unrest among them and that the 1942, p. 10). The Special Committee on Un­ of this committee contain the following in- ­ time was historically right for the forma­ formation concerning the subject individual. American Activities, in its report dated tion of a broad and all-inclusive organiza­ March 29, 1944 (p. 53), cited the American This report should not be construed as rep· tion. resenting the results of an investigation by League Against War and Fascism as 'orga­ or findings of this committee. It should be " 'As a result of that discussion and that nized at the First U.S. Congress Against War noted that the individual is not necessarily conclusion, the national committee of the which was held in New York City, Septem­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or party, upon the recommendation of one of ber 29 to October 1, 1933. Four years later a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. the members of. the Negro commission pres­ at Pittsburgh, November 26-28, 1937, the "The Daily Worker of September 12, 1950 _ ent at that meeting, decided to set up the name of the organization was changed to (p. 2), reported that A. Philip Randolph, National Negro Co1;1gress. The national the American League for Peace and Democ­ president, AFL Brotherhood of Sleeping Car committee gave James W. Ford the responsi­ racy. • • • It remained as completely under Porters, opposed the jailing of the Commu­ bility, along with the Negro commission of the control of Communists when the name nist leaders. the national committee, to form that con­ gress. was changed as it had been before.' "The Attorney General of the United States "The Attorney General cited the American reported that A. Philip Randolph, president "'We were fishing around .for someone to League for Peace and Democracy as subver­ of the National Negro Congress, refused to head the congress, and we found there was sive and Communist in letters released JUne run in April 1940 'on the ground that it was no finer person to get who was not a mem­ 1 and September 21, 1948; redesignated April "deliberately packed· with Communists and ber of the party than A. Philip Randolph. 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, 1954, Congress of Industrial Organizations mem­ He was approached and agreed. consolidated list. The Attorney General bers who were either Communists or sym­ • • • • cited the group previously as established in pathizers with Communists"' (CoNGREs­ " 'The third-and fatal-National Negro the United States in 1937 as successor to the SIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, pp, 7687 and Congress was held in Washington, D.C. American League Against War and Fascism 7688). The Communists had become so drunk With 'in an effort to create public sentiment on "Walter S. Steele, in testimony in public power, and they felt they had such strong behalf of a foreign policy adapted to the hearings, Committee on Un-American Ac­ control over the congress, that they thought interests of the Soviet Union • * • The tivities, July 21, 1947 (p. 92), referred to they could walk roughshod over the liberals, American League for Peace and Democ­ A. Philip Randolph as follows: and they antagonized A. Philip Randolph racy * • • was designed to conceal Com­ " 'A. Philip Randolph, one-time president and he began to fight James W. Ford anc:l munist control, in accordance with the new of the National Negro Congress, resigned his others. tactics of the Communist International' position because of the Communist control "'James W. Ford and others insisted I (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, thereof. At the time of his resignation, at :fi.ght A. Philip Randolph, and I refused to do pp. '7683 and 7684). The special Committee a meeting held in Washington, D.C., he so, and at that time I predicted they were on on Un-American Activities in its report of charged that the congress was controlled bJ the road to breaking up the congress. January 3, 1939 (pp. 69-71), cited the Ameri- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13597 can League for Peace and Democracy as 'the 1940, listed A. Philip Randolph as a sponsor "The Greater New York Emergency Confer­ largest -s>f.· the Communist-front movements of that conference. ence on Inalienable Rights was cited as a in the United States.' "The special Committee on Un-American Communist front which was succeeded by "A letterhead of. the organization, Com­ Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 the National Federation for Constitutional monwe-alth College, dated January 1, 1940, (p. 147), cited the Southern Conference Liberties (special committee report, Mar. listed A. Phtllp ~11dolph as a member of the for Human Welfare as a Communist front 29, 1944, pp. 96 and 129). The Committee on National Advisory Committee. He endorsed which received money from the Robert Mar­ Un-American Activities, in its report of Sep­ the reorganization plan of Commonwealth shall Foundation, one of the· principal tember 2, 1947 (p. 3), cited the Greater New College, as shown by the August 15, 1937, sources of funds by which many Communist York Emergency Conference on Inalienable issue of Fortnightly, a publication of the col­ fronts operate. · The Committee on Un­ Rights among a 'maze of organizations' lege (p. 3). American Activities, in its report of June which were 'spawned for the alleged pur­ "The special Committee on Un-American 12, 1947, cited the Southern Conference for pose of defending civil liberties in general, Activities cited Commonwealth College as a Human Welfare as a Communist-front or­ but actually intended to protect Communist Communist enterprise in its report of March ganization 'which seeks to attract southern subversion from any penalties under the 29, 1944 (pp. 76 and 167). The Attorney liberals on the basis of its seeming inter­ law.' General cited the Commonwealth College as est in the problems of the South' although "A. Philip Randolph was a sponsor of the Oommunist in a letter released April 27, its 'professed interest in southern welfare Spanish Refugee Relief Campaign, as shown 1949; redesignated April 27, 1953, and in­ is simply an expedient for larger aims serv­ by the back cover of a pamphlet, Children cluded on the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. ing the Soviet Union and its subservient in Concentration Camps. He signed the call "An undated leaflet of the League for Mu­ Communist Party in the United States.' to a United May Day conference, according tual Aid listed A. Philip Randolph as a mem­ "The Daily Worker, issues of March 28, to the Daily Worker of March 17, 1937 (p. 4). ber of the executive committee of that 1938 (p. 3) and April 4, 1938 (p. 3), listed An undated letterhead of the United May organization. He was a guest of honor at A. Philip Randolph as a sponsor of the Day Committee listed him as chairman. the 17th annual dinner of the League for World Youth Congress. The special Com­ "The special Committee on Un-American Mutual Aid held February 1, 1937, as shown mittee on Un-American Activities, in its Activities cited the Spanish Refugee Cam­ by New Masses, January 26, 1937 (p. 37). report of March 29, 1944 (p. 183), cited the paign as a Communist-front organization "The League for Mutual Aid was cited as World Youth Congress as a Communist con­ (report, Jan. 3, 1940, p. 9). a Communist enterprise by the special Com­ ference held in the summer of 1938 at Vassar "The United May Day conference was cited mittee on Un-American Activities in its re­ College. as 'engineered by the Communist Party for port of March 29, 1944 (p. 76). "A. Philip Randolph signed a petition of its 1937 May Day demonstrations• and also "A. Philip Randolph was a sponsor of the the American Friends of Spanish Democ­ organized by the party in 1938 (special com­ Medical Bureau and North American Com­ racy to lift the arms embargo as shown by mittee report, Mar. 29, 1944, pp. 124 and mittee To Aid Spanish Democracy, as shown the Daily Worker of April 8, 1938 (p. 4). 139). by letterheads of the organization dated The special Committee on Un-American Ac­ "The Attorney- General cited the United July 6, 1938, and February 2, 1939. The tivities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. May Day Committee as subversive and Daily Worker of June 2, 1938 (p. 5), reported 82), cited the American Friends of Spanish among the affiliates and committees of the that A. Philip Randolph was a supporter of Democracy as follows: 'In 1937-38, the Com­ Communist Party, U.S.A., which seeks 'to a meeting of the Medical Bureau • • •. munist Party threw itself wholeheartedly alter the form of government of the United " 'In 1937-38, the Communist Party threw into the campaign for the support of the States by unconstitutional means.' (Letter itself wholeheartedly into the campaign for Spanish Loyalist cause, recruiting men and released December 4, 1947; redesignated April support of the Spanish Loyalist cause, organizing multifarious so-called relief or­ 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, 1954, recruiting men and organizing multifarious ganizations • • • such as • • • American consolidated list.) so-called relief organizations.' Among these Friends of Spanish Democracy.' "The Daily Worker of January 23, 1937 was the Medical Bureau and North American "A. Ph111p Randolph is listed as a sponsor (p. 3), announced that A. Philip Randolph Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy. on a letterhead of the American Relief Ship was scheduled to speak at the Southern (Special Committee on Un-American Activ­ for Spain dated September 3, 1938. The Negro Youth Congress, Richmond, Va., Feb­ ities, report Mar. 29, 1944, p. 82.) American Relief Ship for Spain was cited ruary 12-14. 'The People Versus H.C.L.' "New Masses for October 26, 1937 (p. 11). as 'one of the several Communist Party listed him as a sponsor of the Consumers reported that A. Philip Randolph was chair­ front enterprises which raised funds for National Federation. He was shown as a man of the National Negro Congress. A. Loyalist Spain (or rather raised funds for sponsor of the Public Use of Arts Commit­ Philip Randolph was president of the Na­ the Communist end of that civil war).' tee on an undated letterhead of that or­ tional Negro Congress, as shown by the (Special Committee on Un-American Activ­ ganization. Daily Worker of January 1, 1938 (p. 4), Jan­ ities Report, Mar. 29, 1944, p. 102.) "The Southern Negro Youth Congress was uary 13, -1938 (p. 3), April 19, 1938 (p. 3), "The proceedings of the Congress of Youth cited as subversive and among the affiliates and the pamphlet, Second National Negro of the American Youth Congress, July 1-5, and committees of the Communist Party, Congress, October 1937. He wa.s president 1939 (p. 3), listed A. Phi11p Randolph as a U.S.A., which seeks to alter the form of of the Third National Negro Congress, as signer of the call to the congress. government of the United States by uncon­ reported by the June 1940 issue of the Com­ "A. Philip Randolph was a sponsor of the stitutional means. (Attorney General, let­ munist (p. 548). The official proceedings of Conferenqe on Pan-American Democracy ter released December 4, 1947; redesignated the 1936 National Negro Congress (p. 41), (letterhead, Nov. 16, 1938). The book­ April 27, 1953, and included on April 1, 1954, listed A. Philip Randolph as a member of the let, These Americans Say, published by the consolidated list.) The special Committee national executive council of the organiza­ Coordinating Committee To Lift the Em­ on Un-American Activities, in its report of tion. He spoke at a gathering of the con­ bargo, named him as a representative indi­ January 3, 1940 (p. 9), cited the Southern gress, as reported by the Daily Worker of vidual. He was a sponsor of the Greater Negro Youth Congress as a Communist-front March 8, 1938 (p. 3). The Daily Worker New York Emergency Conference on Inalien­ organization. The Committee on Un-Amer­ of February 15, 1938 (p. 7), reported that A. able Rights (program of conference, Feb. ican Activities, in its report of April 17, Philip Randolph contributed to the official 12, 1940). 1947 (p. 14), cited the Southern Negro Youth proceedings of the Second National Negro "The Conference on Pan-American Democ­ Congress as 'surreptitiously controlled' by Congress. racy (known also as Council for Pan-Ameri­ the Young Communist League. "The Attorney General cited the National can Democracy) was cited as subversive and "The Consumers National Federation was Negro Congress as subversive and Commu­ Communist by the Attorney General in let­ cited as a Communist-front group by the nist in letters released December 4, 1947, ters released June 1 and September 21, 1948; special committee in its report of March 29, and September 21, 1948; redesignated April redesignated April 27, 1953, pursuant to Ex­ 1944 (p. 155). 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, 1954, ecutive Order No. 10450. The special Com­ "Public Use of the Arts Committee was consolidated list. The organization was mittee on Un-American Activities, in its cited as a Communist front by the special cited previously by the Attorney General report of March 29, 1944 (pp. 161 and 164), committee in its report of March 29, 1944 as a Communist-front group (CONGRESSIONAL cited the organization as a Communist front (p. 112) ." RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, pp. 7687 and 7688). which defended Carlos Lutz Prestes, a Bra­ The special Committee on Un-American Ac­ zilian Communist leader and former member "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. tivities, in its report of January 3, 1939 of the executive committee of the Commu­ "Subject: L. Pearl Mitchell, national vice (p. 81), cited the National Negro Congress as nist International. president, NAACP, 1961. 'the Communist-front movement in the "The special Committee on Un-American "The public records, files, and publications United States among Negroes * * * .' Activities, in its report of ;March 29, 1944 of this committee contain the following in­ "A. Philip Randolph was a consultant of (pp. 137 and 138), cited the Coordinating formation concerning the subject individual. the Panel on Citizenship and Civil Lib­ Committee To Lift the (Spanish) Embargo This report should not be construed as rep­ erties of the Southern Conference for Human as one of a ·number of front organizations resenting the results of an investigation by Welfare, as shown by an official report of set up during the Spanish civil war by the or findings of this committee. It should be the organization, dated April 19-21, 1942. Communist Party in the United States and noted that the individual is not necessarily The call to the second conference, Southern through which the party carried on a great a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or Conference for Human Welfare, April 14-16, deal of agitation. a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. 13598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 "The Daily Worker of April 18, 1936 (p. 3), fairs, contained the signature of Bishop W. J. dated April 27, 1938, on a letterhead dated named L. Pearl Mitchell, identified ~ na­ Walls, according to the Daily Worker of June January 1940, and in the call tQ the third an­ tional director of the National Association 5, 1950 (p. 4). The Attorney General cited nual conference. The American Committee for the ABenjamin Gitlow, former mem­ Liberties (report, March 29, 1944, pp. 96 and cago, May 29 and 30, 1950, by the Committee ber of the Communist Party, said: 'Before 129). It was also cited by the congressional for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pa.ct the creation of the front organizations, the Committee on Un-American Activities (re­ and as having been 'aimed at assembling as ministers who carried out the instructions of port No. 1115, September 2, 1947, p. 3). many gullible persons as possible under the Communist Party or collaborated with it "An open letter to the U.S. Senate, Communist direction and turning them into were limited in numbers. The outstanding initiated and distributed by the National a vast sounding board for Communist propa­ ones among them were • • • Rev. John Emergency Conference for Democratic ganda' (report 378, April 25, 1961, p. 58). Haynes Holmes • • *' (Communist Activi­ Rights, in protest of the Dempsey de­ "A letterhead. dated March 16. 1937, listed ties in the New York Area, p. 2077). portation bill and the McCormack rider at­ John Haynes Holmes as a member of the Na­ "The Daily Worker of January 1, 1953 (p. tached to the Walter espionage bill, was tional People's Committee Against. Hearst, 1), reported that Rev. John Haynes Holmes signed by the Reverend John Haynes Holmes cited by· the special Committee on Un-Amer­ signed a petition for clemency for the Rosen­ (photostat of open letter). 'It will be re­ ican Activities as a subsidiary organization bergs. The same newspaper on January 13, membered that during the days of the in­ of the American League for Peace and Democ­ 1953 (p. 2), published a list of 'the clergyme~ famous Soviet-Nazi Pact, the Communists racy. which was described on page- 2 of this of various faiths. and other religious leaders built protective organizations known as the report ~report. June 25, 1942, p. 16). who have urged President Truman to use National Emergency Conference, the. Na­ "A letterhead dated March 20, 1926, listed his power of clemency to save the lives of tional Emergency Conference for Democratic Rev. John Haynes Holmes as a member of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.' The name of Rights, which culminated in the National the advisory board of Russian Reconstruc­ Dr. John Haynes Holmes, New Yo:r;k, ap­ Federation for Constitutional Liberties' tion Farms, Inc., cited by the special com­ peared on the list. The Rosenbergs had (Committee on Un-American Activities, re­ mittee as a Communist enterprise which was been convicted of conspiracy to commit -,ort No. 1115, September 2, 1947, p. 12-). directed by Harold Ware, son of the well- espionage and sentenced to death.'' 13600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July- 29 . "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. consolidated list. The special Committee on 1 and September 21, 1948; redesignated "Subject: William Lloyd Imes, national vice Un-American Activities, in its report of Ap'rll 27, 1953, and included on the April i, president, NAACP, 1961. March · 29, · 1944 (p. 155) , cited the Amer­ 1954, 09nsolidated list. The Attorney Gen­ "The public records, files, and publications ican Committee for Protection of Foreign eral cited the organization · previously as of this committee contain the following in­ Born as 'one of the oldest auxiliaries of the established in' the ·unitecl States in 1937 as formation concerning the subject individual. Communist Party in the United States.' · successor to the Ameri.can League Against This report should not be construed as repre­ "Dr. Imes contributed to Fight magazine, War and Fascism 'in an effort to create pub­ senting the results of an investigation by or official organ ·of the American League lic sentiment· on behalf of a foreign policy findings of this comttlittee. · It should be Against War and Fascism (Fight for August adapted to the interests of the Soviet Union' noted that the individual is not necessarily 1935, p; 4); he was chairman of a rally of {CONGREsSIONAL REcoRD, Sept. 24, 1942, pp. a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or the American League which was held in 7683 and 7684). The special Committee on a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. Harlem (Fight for September 1935, p. 14); Un-American Activities, in its report of "William Lloyd Imes was one of those who he spoke at the National People's Committee January 3, 1939 (pp. 69-71), cited the Ameri­ signed a statement on December 14, 1939 Against Hearst of the American League can League for Peace and Democracy as 'the (.the day before the 148th anniversary of the (Daily Worker, Oct. 21, 1936, p. 4); he largest of the Communist front movements Bills of Rights), 'warning against denying supported a statement of the league, ad­ in the United States.' to the Communists, or to any other minority dressed to the United States Congress (Daily "The Daily Worker of August 13, 1940 (p. group, the full freedom guaranteed by the Worker, Feb. 27, 1937, p. 2); he was a 5) , named Dr·. Imes as one who endorsed the Bills of Rights' {letter signed by Dashiell member of the National People's Committee Emergency Peace Mobilization; he was one Hammett dated January 1940, attached to Against Hearst (letterhead of Mar. 16, of the sponsors of the Greater New York the statement). 1937); he spoke in New York City at a joint Committee of the Emergency Peace Mobiliza­ "A ·pamphlet entitled 'The People vs. meeting of the American League and Ameri­ tion, as shown on an undated letterhead. H.C.L.' which was dated December 11-12, can Friends of the Chinese People (Daily "The Attorney General cited the Emergency 1937, named William Lloyd Imes as one of Worker, Sept. 23, 1937, p. 2); and was Peace Mobilization as follows: 'The Ameri­ the sponsors of the Consumers National one of the sponsors of the China Aid Council can Peace Mobilization was formally founded Federation, publishers of the pamphlet. of the American League, as shown on a ~et­ at a meeting in Chicago at the end of August "The special Committee on Un-American terhead of the council dated May 18, 1938. 1940, known as the Emergency Peace Mobili­ Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 As shown by the Daily Worker of April 6, zation' (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, (p. 155), cited the Consumers National Fed­ 1937 (p. 5) , Rev. William Lloyd Imes, pastor, 1942, p. 7684). The special Committee on eration as a Communist-front organization. St. James Presbyterian Church, was guest of Un-American Activities in its report of March "He supported the National Negro Congress honor at a dinner of the American League 29, 1944, cited the Emergency Peace Mobili­ (Daily Worker, Feb. 3, 1936, p. 2): spoke Against War and Fascism, April 6, 1937, New zation as a Communist front which came at the Second National Negro Congress in York City. forth, after Stalin signed his pact with Bit­ October 1937 (program of the congress); "The Attorney General cited the American ler, to oppose the national defense program, and supported a conference of the congress to League Against War and Fascism as . sub­ lend-lease, conscription, and other American push passage of the antilynch bill (Daily versive and Communist in letters . released 'warmongering' efforts. It immediately pre:. Worker, Mar. 17, 1938, p. 4). December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; ceded the American Peace Mobilization in "The Attorney General of the United States redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on 1940. cited the National Negro Congress as sub­ the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The or­ "Dr. Imes sponsored the Conference on versive and Communist in letters to the ganization was cited previously by the At­ Constitutional Liberties in America, as Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, torney General as a. 'Communist-front or­ shown on the call to the conference, Jun~ 1947, and September 21, 1948; redesignated ganization' (in re Harry Bridges, May 28, 7, 1940;· he signed a letter of the National April 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, 1942, p . 10); and 'established in the United Federation for Constitutional Liberties, ad­ 1954, consolidated list of organizations re­ States in an effort to create public senti­ dressed to Attorney General Jackson, in de­ designated pursuant to Executive Order No. ment on behalf of a foreign policy adapted fense of ballot rights of minority parties 10450. The organization was cited previ­ to the interests of the Soviet U:nion' (CoN­ (Daily Worker, Sept. 24, 1940, p. 1); he ously by the Attorney General as a Commu­ GRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, . p. signed a statement of the federation,- oppos­ nist . front (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 7683). The special Committee on Un-Amer­ ing use of injunctions in labor disputes; ac~ 24, 1942, pp. 7687 and 7688). The special ican Activities, in its report of March 29, cording to an advertisement which appeared Committee on Un-American Activities, in its 1944 (p. 53), cited the American League in the New York Times of April 1, 1946, in report of January 3, 1939 (p. 81), cited the Against War ~nd Fascism as 'completely un­ which source he was identified as president National Negro Congress as 'the Communist­ der the control of Communists.' of Knoxville College. front movement in the United States among "A letterhead dated November 3, 1937·, lists "The special Committee on Un-America:n Negroes • • •• William Lloyd Imes as a member of the na­ Activities cited the Conference on Constitu·, "William Lloyd Imes sponsored a dinner­ tional executive committee, People's Con­ tiona! Liberties in America as 'an important forum called by the Protestant Digest Asso­ gress for Democracy and Peace; he sponsored part of the solar system of the Communist ciates on the subject, 'Protestantism Answers the Boycott Japanese Goods Conference of Party's front organizations' (Report, Mar Hate,' which was held in New York City, the American League for Peace and Democ­ 29, 1944, p. 102). The Attorney General citeDetroit, Mich., April 27 and Schappes Defense Committee. The Schappes "The AttOTney General of the United States 28, 1946, as shown by the summons to the Defense Committee was cited as a Communist cited the National Federation for Constitu­ congress. The Daily Worker of April 16, 1947 organization by the United States Attorney tional Liberties (formed as a result of the (p. 2), reported that Roscoe Dunjee, of Okla­ General (letter to the Loyalty Review Board, Conference on Constitutional Liberties in homa City, Okla., was one of the signers of released April 27, 1949; redesignated April 27, America, June 7-9, 1940), as 'part of what a statement released by the Civil Rights 1953) . The special Committee on un·-Ameri­ Lenin called the solar system of organiza­ Congress defending the Communist Party. can Activities described the Schappes De­ tions • • • by which Communists attempt The Civil Rights Congress was cited as sub­ fense Committee as •a front organization to create sympathizers and supporters of · versive and Communist by the Attorney Gen­ with a strictly Communist objective, namely, their programs'; and as subversive and Com­ eral of the United States (letters to the the defense of a self-admitted Communist munist. (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, Loyalty Review Board, 1947 and 1948; in­ who was convicted of perjury in the courts of 1942, p. 7687; and press releases of Dec. 4, cluded in consolidated list released Apr. 1, New York.' Morris U. Schappes •was on the l947, and Sept. 21, 1948, respectively; also 1954). The Committee on Un-American Ac­ teaching staff of the College of the City of included on consolidated list released Apr. tivities cited the organization as being 'dedi­ New York for a period of 13 years. In 1956 1, 1954.) The special Committee on Un­ cated not to the broader issues of civil lib­ his superior on the college faculty refused American Activities cited the National Fed­ erties, but specifically to the defense of to recommend him for reappointment. This eration for Constitutional Liberties as 'one individual Communists and the Communist action led to prolonged agitation by the of the viciously subversive organizations of Party' and 'controlled by individuals who Communist Party' (report, March 29, 1944,­ the Communist Party• (report of Mar. 29, p. 71). are either members of the Communist Party "Roscoe Dunjee was a member of the ad­ 1944; also cited in reports of June 25, 1942, or openly loyal to it' (report No. 115, Sept. and Jan. 2, 1943). The Committee on Un­ visory board of the Southern Negro Youth 2, 1947, pp. 2 and 19). Congress according to a letterhead of that American Activities also cited the National "The pamphlet Seeing Is Believing, 1947, Federation for Constitutional Liberties in a organization dated June 12, 1947, the testi­ and the testimony of Walter S. Steele, public mony of Walter S. Steele, public hearings, report released September 2, 1947. hearings, Committee on Un-American Ac­ "Dr. Harry J. Greene was chairman of a Committee on Un-American Activities, July tivities, July 21, 1947 (p. 135), show Roscoe 21, 1947 (p. 97), a letterhead dated August 11, discussion group on 'Denial of Citizenship Dunjee as a member of the Council on Afri­ Rights' at the Second National Negro Con­ 1947, and a page from a leaflet published by can Affairs, Inc. The Council on African the organization. The Southern Negro gress, October 15-17, 1937, in Philadelphia, Affairs was cited as subversive and Commu­ as shown on the printed program of that Youth Congress was cited as subversive and nist by the United States Attorney General among the affiliates and committees of the congress (p. 19) in which source he is iden­ (letters to the Loyalty Review Board, released tified as being from Philadelphia, Pa., and Communist Party, U.S.A., 'which seeks to December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948. alter the form of government of the United president of the Philadelphia branch, Na­ He redesignated the organization on April tional Association for the Advancement of States by unconstitutional means' (U.S. 27, 1953; also included in consolidated list Attorney General, letter to Loyalty Review Colored People. A booklet of the National released April 1, 1954.) Negro Congress entitled 'We Are Rising' Board, released December 4, 1947; redesig­ (April1939, p. 2) named one Harry Green as "Roscoe Dunjee was a sponsor of the Win nated Apri127, 1953; also included in consoli­ vice president, Philadelphia council of the the Peace Conference of the National Com­ dated list released April 1, 1954). The Com­ congress. · mittee To Win the Peace, as shown by the mittee on Un-American Activities said it was Daily Worker March 5, 1946, a letterhead of 'surreptitiously controlled' by the Young "The special Committee on Un-American the organization dated February 28, 1946, Activities cited the National Negro Congress Communist League (report No. 271, April 17, and the call to a win-the-peace conference, 1947, p. 14). The Special Committee on Un­ as 'the Communist-front movement in the National Press Building, Washington, D.C., United States among Negroes' (report of American Activities also cited the organiza­ April 5-7, 1946. The National Committee To tion as a Communist front (report, January Jan. 3, 1939; also cited in reports of Jan. 3, Win the Peace was cited as subversive and 1940; June 25, 1942; and Mar. 29, 1944). The Communist by the United States Attorney 3, 1940, p. 9). Attorney General cited the Congress as •an General (letters to tl:e Loyalty Review Board, "According to the Daily Worker for April important sector of the democratic front, released in 1947 and 1948; redesignated April 1, 1945 (p. 6m), Roscoe Dunjee was asked sponsored and supported by the Communist 27, 1953; also included in consolidated list what he thought of New York's new anti­ Party' (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, released April 1, 1954). discrimination law, and was quoted as reply­ pp. 7687 and 7688); later, the Attorney Gen­ "The Daily Worker for October 19, 1948 ing: 'It shows a trend in the direction which eral cited the congress as subversive and (p. 7), reported that Roscoe Dunjee was one the United States as a nation must take if we Communist (press releases of Dec. 4, 1947 of those who signed a statement released by rise to the level of Russian morality * * * .' and Sept. 21, 1948; also included on consoli­ the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, "Photographs of Roscoe Dunjee are found dated list released Apr. 1, 1954). and Professions. The council was cited as a in the Daily Worker, issues of December 9, Communist front by this committee ·in its 1941 (p. 7), and April 1, 1945 (p. 6m). "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. review of the Scientific and Cultural Confer­ "Roscoe Dunjee, editor of the Black Dis­ "Subject: Roscoe Dunjee, national vice­ ence for World Peace (April 26, 1950-original patch, Oklahoma City, Okla., was quoted in president, 1961. release date April 19, 1949, p. 2). the March 28, 1944, issue of New Masses "The public records, files, and publications "Roscoe Dunjee was a signer of the call to (p. 15), as follows: of this committee contain the following in­ the Second Southern Conference for Human "'I attended a Lincoln and Douglas meet­ formation concerning the subject individual. Welfare, Chattanooga, Tenn., April 14-16, ing held under the auspices of the Com­ This report should not be construed as rep­ 1940. A letterhead of the conference, dated munist Party, February 12 * * * Most as­ resenting the result~ of an investigation by June 4, 1947, shows Roscoe Dunjee as vice suredly Americans should stop and listen to or findings of this committee. It should be president and a member of the national com­ what Communists have to say. The Russian noted that the individual is not necessarily mittee of that organization. He was also experiment as expressed today in Soviet life a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or shown as vice president of the organization is too effective for anyone to attempt to over­ a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. in an undated leaflet, The South Is Closer look this. As president of .the State confer­ "The Daily Worker for April16, 1947 (p. 2), Than You Think, and the testimony of ence of branches of the National Association reported that Roscoe Dunjee, attorney, Okla­ Walter S. Steele, public hearings, Commit­ for the Advancement of Colored People, 1; homa City, Okla., was one of the signers of tee on Un-American Activities, July 21, 1947, have every year for the past 10 invited the a statement defending _the Communist Party. page 139. The Southern Conference for Communists to address our meeting. Alan He was one of the signers of a statement con­ Human Welfare was cited as a Communist Shaw, secretary of the Communist .Party_in, demning 'punitive measures directed against front which received money from the Robeit Oklahoma. addressed our State conference at 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13603 Tulsa last November • • • personally I en­ Committee for Citizenship Rights as among Committee on Un-American Activities, in dorse the idea of an international State a 'maze of organizations' which were its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 149), cited * * * as espoused by the Communist Pl;\rty.' 'spawned for the alleged purpose of defend­ the New York Conference for Inalienable "The following is quoted from the Daily ing civil liberties in general but actually in­ Rights as a Communist-front group. Worker of April 8, 1952 (p. 2) : tended to protect Communist subversion "S. Ralph Harlow sponsored the call for " 'Roscoe Dunjee, editor of the Oklahoma from any penalties under the law.' the Protestantism Answers Hate dinner­ Black-Dispatch, leading Negro newspaper in "Prof. S. Ralph Harlow signed a statement forum held under auspices of the Protestant the Southwest, has hailed in a .long editorial calling for international agreement to ban Digest, New York, February 25, 1941, as shown the victory won by William L. Patterson, use of atomic weapons attached to a press by a leaflet. He was identified in this in­ head of the Civil Rights Congress, in se­ release of the Committee for Peaceful Alter­ stance as professor of sociology, Smith Col­ curing acquittal on a contempt of Congress natives to the Atlantic Pact, December 14, lege, Northampton, Mass. charge.' 1949 (p. 9). He was identified in this in­ "The special Committee on Un-American "(Note citation of Civil Rights Congress stance as associated with Smith College, Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. on p. 1 of this report.) Northampton, Mass. 48), cited the Protestant Digest as 'a maga­ "Roscoe C. Dunjee, Oklahoma City, was "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ zine which has faithfully propagated the listed as one of four sponsors of a statement ties, in its report on the Communist Peace Communist Party line under the guise of which appeared in the Sunday Worker, Au­ Offensive, April 1, 1951 (p. 54), cited the being a religious journal.' gust 29, 1948 (p. 11), from which the fol­ Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the "According to the New York Times, Octo­ lowing is quoted: Atlantic Pact as an organization which was formed as a result of the Conference for ber 9, 1944 (p. 12), S. Ralph Harlow, chair­ " 'THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, man, department of religion, Smith College, "'(Statement by Negro Americans to the Northampton, Mass., signed an open letter and which was located, according to a letter­ of the Schappes defense committee to Gov. President and Attorney General of the head of September 16, 1950, at 30 North Dear­ United States) born Street, Chicago, Ill.; and to further the Thomas E. Dewey asking a pardon for Morris "'We, the undersigned Negro Americans, cause of Communists in the United States Schappes." strongly condemn your hysteria-breeding doing their part in the Moscow campaign. "The Schappes defense committee was arrests of national leaders of the Com­ "As shown by Soviet Russia Today of cited as Communist by the Attorney General munist Party, and call upon you to take November 1937 (p. 79), S. Ralph Harlow was in a letter released April 27, 1949; redesig­ positive action to protect civil rights in_. a signer of the Golden Book of American nated April 27, 1953, and included on the stead of persecuting political minorities. Friendship With the Soviet Union, cited as April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The special " 'We raise here no defense of the principles a 'Communist enterprise' signed by hundreds Committee on Un-Ainerican Activities cited of the Communist Party. Our concern is of well-known Communists and fellow the organization as 'a front organization to defend the right of political and other travelers: with a strictly Communist objective, namely, minorities, especially the Negro people, to " 'January 23-25, 1948, New York City• con­ the defense of a self-admitted Communist fight for the kind of society which they ference call of the National Conference on who was convicted of perjury in the courts consider necessary to give full expression to American Policy in China and the Far East, of New York.' (Report, Mar. 29, 1944, p. 71). the principles of American democracy * * * listed Dr. S. Ralph Harlow, Smith College, "Prof. S. Ralph Harlow endorsed the World " 'The obvious purpose of these Gestapo­ as a sponsor of the conference. The Attor­ Peace Appeal as shown by an undated leaf­ like arrests of Communist leaders is to ney General cited the National Conference let, Prominent Americans Call for • • * (re­ frighten people away from the Wallace on American Policy in China and the Far ceived Sept. 11, 1950), and the Daily Worker, movement and progressive people's organi­ East as Communist, and a conference called August 14, 1950 (p. 2). zations generally, practically all of which by the Committee for a Democratic Far East­ "The Committee on Un-Ainerican Activi­ have been slandered as Communist or sub­ ern Policy in a letter released July 25, 1949; ties, in its report on the Communist peace versive • * * redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on offensive, April 1, 1951 (p. 34), cited the " 'We call upon our Government to halt the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. World Peace Appeal as a petition campaign its Fascist-like attacks upon opposition "A news release of the National Federation launched by the Permanent Committee of the minorities, and to act for the protection of for Constitutional Liberties dated December World Peace Congress at its meeting in Stock­ minority rights * • *'" 26, 1941, listed s. Ralph Harlow as a signer. holm, March 16-19, 1950; as having 'received He signed the organization's 1943 message to the enthusiastic approval of every section "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. the House of Representatives (leaflet, at­ of the international Communist hierarchy'; "Subject: Dr. S. Ralph Harlow, national tached to undated letterhead); -and the as having been lauded in the Communist board of directors, NAACP, 1961. group's statement supporting the War De­ press, putting 'every individual Communist "The public records, files, and publications partment's order on granting commissions on notice that he "has duty to rise to this of this committee contain the following in­ to members of the Armed Forces who have appeal" •; and as having 'received the om­ formation concerning the subject individual. been members of or sympathetic to the views cia! endorsement of the Supreme Soviet of This report should not be construed as rep­ of the Communist Party (undated leaflet, the U.S.S.R., which has been echoed by the resenting the results of an investigation by 'the only sound policy for a democracy • • *' governing bodies of every Communist satel­ or findings of this committee. It should be and Daily Worker, March 19, 1945, p. 4). lite country, and by all Communist parties noted that the individual is not necessarily "The Attorney General cited the National throughout the world.' " a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or Federation for Constitutional Liberties as a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. subversive and Communist in letters released "FEBRUARY 18, 1956. "The program of the fifth national confer­ December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; "Subject: Robert C. Weaver, national board ence of the American Committee for Protec­ redesignated April 27, 1953, and included of directors, NAACP, 1961. tion of Foreign Born, Atlantic City, N.J., on the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The "The public records, files, and publications March 29-30, 1941, listed S. Ralph Harlow as organization was cited previously by the At­ of this committee contain the following in­ a sponsor. torney General as part of what Lenin called formation concerning the subject individual. "The Attorney General of the United States the solar system of organizations, ostensibly This report should not be construed as rep­ cited the American Committee for Protec­ having no connection with the Communist Party, by which Communists attempt to cre­ resenting the results of an investigation by tion of Foreign Born as subversive and Com· or findings of this committee. It should be munist in letters to the Loyalty Review ate sympathizers and supporters of their Board, released June 1 and September 21, program (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, noted that the individual is not necessarily 1948. The organization was redesignated by 1942, p. 7687). The special Committee on a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or the Attorney General April 27, 1953, pursu­ Un-American Activities, in its report of a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. ant to Executive Order No. 10450, and in­ March 29, 1944 (p. 50), cited the National "Robert C. Weaver, identified from Wash­ cluded on the April 1, 1954, consolidated list Federation for Constitutional Liberties as ington, D.C., as an economic adviser to the of organizations previously designated. The one of the viciously subversive organizations Secretary of Interior, was discussion leader of special Committee on Un-American Activi­ of the Communist Party. The Committee on a panel on 'The Federal Housing Program ties, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 155), Un-American Activities, in its report of Sep­ and the Negro' at the Second National Ne­ cited the American Committee for Protection tember 2, 1947 (p. 8), cited the National gro Congress as shown by the program of of Foreign Born as 'one of the oldest auxili­ Federation for Constitutional Liberties as that congress which was held in Philadelphia, aries of the Communist Party in the United among a maze of organizations which were October 15-17, 1937. States.' spawned for the alleged purpose of defend­ "The National Negro Congress was cited as "S. Ralph Harlow was an endorser of the ing civil liberties in general but actually in­ subversive and Communist by the Attor­ Committee for Citizenship Rights as shown tended to protect Communist subversion ney General of the United States in letters by a letterhead dated January 10, 1942. The from any penalties under the law. released December 4, 1947, and September 21, special Committee on Un-Ainerican Activi­ "As shown by the Daily Worker of Septem­ 1948. The special committee in its report ties, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 95), ber 17, 1940 (pp. 1, 5), S. Ralph Harlow of January 3, 1939 (p. 81), cited the National cited the Committee for Citizenship Rights signed a telegram of the New York Confer­ Negro Congress as 'the Communist-front as an organization which defended the 'in­ ence for Inalienable Rights to President movement in the United States among terests of the Communist Party.' The Com­ Roosevelt and Attorney General Jackson in Negroes.' The Attorney General had cited mittee on Un-Ainerican Activities, in its re­ behalf of the International Fur and Leather the · group previously as follows: 'From the port of September 2, 1947 (p. 3), cited the Workers Union defendants. The special record of its activities and the composition 13604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOU~E July 29 of its governing bodies, there can be little "Lewis Gannett, Harvard, was a member of •one of the most open Communist fronts doubt that it has served what James M. the sponsoring committee of dinner span:. in the United States' (report of January 3, Ford, Communist vice presidential candi­ sored by the American Student Union for 1939; also cited in reports of January 3, date elected to the executive committee in 'alumni of the student movement and pres­ 1940; June 25, 1942; and March 29, 1944). 1937, predicted: "An important sector of the ent members' as shown in Student Advocate Soviet Russia Today was published by: democratic front," sponsored and supported for February 1937 (p. 2>. The American Friends of the Soviet Union. by the Communist Party' (CONGRESSIONAL Student Union was cited as a Communist "Soviet Russia Today for November 1937 RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, pp. 7687 and 7688). front which 'the result of a united front (p. 79) published a list of individuals who "The Daily Worker of February 8, 1939 (p. gathering of young Socialists and Commu­ signed the Golden Book of American Friend­ 2) , listed Robert C. Weaver, identified as As­ nists' in 1935. The Young Communist ship With the Soviet Union under this state­ sistant Housing Administrator of the Depart­ League took credit for creation of the organi­ ment: 'I hereby inscribe m:y name in greet­ ment of Interior, as one of the signers of the zation (Report of the special Committee on ing to the people of the Soviet Union on the Negro People's Committee to Aid Spanish Un-American Activities dated Jan. 3, 1939; 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Democracy letter to lift the Spanish embargo. also cited in reports of Jan. 3, 1940; June Soviet Republic.' The Golden Book of The special committee in its report of March 25, 1942; and March 29, 1949). American Friendship With the Soviet Union 29, 1944 (p. 180), cited the Negro People's "A letterhead of the American League for was cited as a 'Communist enterprise' signed Committee to ·Aid Spanish Democracy as a Peace and Democracy dated April 6, 1939 by hundreds of well-known Communists and Communist-front organization. · contains the name of Lewis Gannett in a list fellow travelers (Report 1311 of the special "Robert C. Weaver, Washington, D.C., con­ of members of the Writers' and Artists' Com­ committee dated March 29, 1944). tributed financially to Social Work Today mittee of that organization; the same infor­ "The Daily Worker of January 18, 1939 (p. as shown by the January 1941 issue of that mation is shown in public hearings before 7) reported that Lewis Gannett was a com­ publication (pp. 16-18). Social Work Today this committee July 21, 1953 (p. 3639). The mittee sponsor of the League of American was cited as a Communist magazine by the American League was cited by the Attorney Writers, cited as a Communist-front orga­ special committee in its report of March 29, General as 'designed to conceal Communist nization by the special committee (reports of 1944 (p. 129) . control, in accordance with the new tactics January 3, 1940; June 25, 1942; and March "R. C. Weaver, 1206 Kenyon Street, Wash­ of the Communist International' ( CONGRES• 29, 1944). The Attorney General cited it as ington, D.C., was listed as a member of the SIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, pp. 7683 being under 'Communist control' and as Washington Book Shop on a 1941 member­ and 7684); !'1-nd subsequently, as subversive subversive and Communist (QoNGRESSIONAL ship list of the organization subpenaed by and Communist (press releases of June 1 and RECORD, September 24, 1942, pp. 7685 and this committee. The Washington Book Shop September 21, 1948; also included on con­ 7686; and press releases of June 1, and Sep-. Association was cited as subversive and Com­ solidated list released April 1, 1954). The tember 21, 1948; also included on consoli­ munist by the Attorney General in letters special committee cited the American dated list of April 1, 1954). released December 4, 1947, and September 21, League for Peace and Democracy as 'a bold "New Masses for March 16, 1937 (p. 26) 1948. The Attorney General cited the organi­ advocation of treason' (reports of January 3, named Lewis Gannett as one of the sponsors zation previousy as showing 'evidence of 1939; Jan. 3, 1940; Jan. 3, 1941; June 25, 1942; of a sendoff dinner for the ambulance corps Communist penetration or control' according and Jan. 2, 1943). under the auspices of the American Artists to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24,_ "The special committee cited the American . and Writers Committee, Medical Bureau, 1942 (p. '7688). The special committee in re­ Committee for Democracy and Intellectual American Friends of Spanish Democracy; an port of ¥arch 29, 1944 (p. 150), cited the Freedom as a Communist front which de­ undated letterhead of the Writers' and Art­ organization as a Communist-front organi­ fended Communist teachers (report of June ists' Committee for Medical Aid to Spain zation. 25, 1942; also cited in report of March 29, also contains his name in a list of sponsors; "Robert C. Weaver was the author of The 1944); a letterhead of the American Com­ the letterhead also carries the notation 'Af­ Negro Ghetto which was reviewed by Herbert mittee for Democracy and Intellectual Free­ filiated with the Medical Bureau to Aid Aptheker in the August 1948 issue of Masses dom, dated May 26, 1940, contains the name Spanish Democracy'; he signed a petition of and Mainstream (p. 85). The congressional of Lewis Gannett in a list of members of the American Friends of Spanish Democracy to committee, in its report on the Congress of organization's national executive committee. lift the arms embargo, as lil,hown in the Daily American Women, April 26, 1950 (p. 75), cited "A letterhead of the American Russian In­ Worker of April. 8, 1938 (p. 4). Masses and Mainstream as successor to New stitute for Cultural Relations With the So­ "During 1937 and 1938, the Communist Masses, a Communist magazine." viet Union, Inc., contains the name of Lewis Party campaigned for support of the Spanish Gannett in a list of members of its board of Loyalist cause, 'recruiting men and orga­ "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. directors; the letterhead was dated July 14, nizing multifarious so-called r~lief organiza­ "Subject: Lewis Gannett, national board of 1938. The Attorney General cited the Amer­ tions • • • such as • • • American Friends directors, NAACP, national vice presi­ ican Russian Institute as Communist (press of Spanish Democracy' (Report 1311 of the dent, 1961. release of April 27, 1949; also included on special committee dated March 29, 1944). "The public records, files, and publications consolidated list dated April 1, 1954). "Another such organization which was of this committee contain the following in­ "Lewis S. Gannett was a member of the cited by the special committee (see last para­ formation concerning the subject individual. board of directors of the American Fund for graph above) was the Medical Bureau and This report should not be construed as rep­ Public Service, as shown on a photostat of North American Committee To Aid Spanish resenting the results of an investigation by their letterhead dated September 8, 1930. Democracy; their letterhead of July 6, 1938, or findings of this committee. It should be The 'American Fund for Public Service was contained the name of Lewis Gannett in a noted that the individual is not necessarily established by Charles Garland, son of the list of members of the Writers' and Artists' a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or a wealthy James A. Garland. Young Garland, Committee. fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. conditioned against wealth through radical "The Liberator for September 1921 (p. 11) "On December 18, 1934, the Daily Worker acquaintances at Harvard, declined to accept contained Lewis Gannett's interview with (p. 5) reported the following: 'A reception to his inheritance for his own personal use. 'Bill Haywood in Moscow•; he also contrib­ mark the 10 anniversary of International Instead, he established, in 1922, the Ameri­ uted an article to the July 1922 issue of the Publishers took place • • • December 14, in can Fund for Public Service with the sum of same publication (p. 30). The special com­ • * * the new school for social research • • * $900,000 which consisted largely of conserva­ mittee cited the Liberator as .a 'Communist Scores of prominent writers, artists, and edi­ tive securities. During the lush twenties, magazine' (report of June 25, 1942). tors were present to pay tribute to Interna­ the fund grew to some $2 million. "Lewis Gannett contributed articles to tional Publishers' decade of achievement "'A self-perpetuating board of directors New Masses for February 16, 1937 (p. 21) and • • • Among those present were • • • Lewis was set up for the purpose of handing out August 10, 1943 (p. 20); he signed New Gannett, book-review columnist of New York this easy money. Sidney Hillman was among Masses' Letter to the President of the United Herald Tribune • • •' them. Associated with Hillman as directors States, as shown in New Masses of April "The Attorney General of the United were Roger N. Baldwin, William Z. Foster, 2, 1940 (p. 21), which source identified States cited International Publishers as 'The Lewis Gannett, • • *.' (From report 1311 him as literary editor, New York Herald (Communist) Party's publishing house,' of the special committee dated March 29, Tribune, New Masses has been cited by headed by Alexander Trachtenberg (Con­ 1944..) the Attorney General as a 'Communist pe­ GRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, p. "An undated booklet of Friends of the So­ riodical' (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Septem­ 7686); and as the 'publishing agency of the viet Union contains the name of Lewis S. ber 24, 1942, p. 7688); the special committee Communist Party' (brief for the United Gannett in a list of members of the Recep­ cited it as the 'nationally circulated weekly States in the case of William Schneiderman, tion Committee for the Soviet Flyers, under journal of the Communist Party * • * p. 145). The special Committee on Un­ auspices of that organization; he contributed whose ownership was vested in the Ameri­ American Activities cited International Pub­ a review of Maxim Gorki's 'A Book of Short can Fund for Public Service' (report of lishers as an 'official publishing house of the Stories to Soviet Russia Today' (September Marcn 29, 1944; also cited in reports of Jan­ Communist Party in the United States' (Re­ 1939, p. 26). The Attorney General cited uary 3, 1939 and June 25, 1942). ports of January 3, 1940, and June 25, 1942); Friends of the Soviet Union as Communist "A letterhead of the All-American Anti­ the Committee on Un-American Activities ~press releases of December 4, 1947, June 1 Imperialist League, dated April 11, 1928, con­ cited the organizatio~ as the 'Official Ameri­ and September 21, 1948; also included on tains the name of Lewis S. Gannett in a list can Communist Party publishing house' (Re­ consolidated list released April 1, 1954); the of members .of. that organization's national port No. 1920 dated May 11, 1948). special committee cited the organization as committee. The Attorney General cited the 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13605 All-American Anti-Imperialist League as a resenting the results of an investigation by "The National Lawyers Guild was cited as 'Communist-front organization' (in re Harry or findings of this committee. It should be a Communist-front organization by the Spe­ Bridges, May 28, 1942, p. 10): the special noted that the individual is not necessarily cial Committee on Un-American Activities in committee cited the group as a Communist a Communist, a Communist sYm-pathizer, or report No. 1311 dated March 29, 1944. In a front (report of March 29, 1944) ." a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. report on the guild, prepared and released "Hubert T. Delaney was a member of the September 17, .1950.. by t:q.e . Committee on "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. Council on African Affairs,· as shown in the Un-American Activities, it was shown that "Subject: Dr. Buell G. Gallagher, national following sources: Pamphlets entitled 'Af­ the National Lawyers Guild 'is the foremost board of directors, NAACP, 1961. rica in the War,' 'Seeing Is Believing' (1947), legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its "The public records, files, and publications 'For a New Africa,' (p. 36), '8 Million De­ front organizations, and controlled unions' of this committee ,cpntain the following in­ mand Freedom' (inside back cover); leaflets and 'since its inception has never failed to formation concerning the subject individual. headed 'The Job To Be Done' and 'What of rally to the legal defense of the Communist This report should not be construed as Africa's Place in Tomorrow's World' (June 26, Party and individual members thereof, in­ representing the results of an investigation 1944). New Africa for December 1943 (p. clUding known espionage agents.' by or findings of this committee. It should 4) and a letterhead of the council dated "Hubert T. Delany was a member of the be noted that the individual is not neces­ May 17, 1945, contained the same informa­ Lawyers' Committee of the American League sarily a Communist, a Communist sympa­ tion. Mr. Walter S. Steele testified in pub­ for Peace and Democracy, as shown on their thizer, or a fellow traveler unless otherwise lic hearings before the Committee on Un­ letterhead dated April 6, 1939. The Ameri­ indicated. American Activities July 21, 1947 (p. 135), can League for Peace and Democracy was "According to the Communist publication, that Judge Delany was a member of the cited as subversive and Communist by the the Daily Worker of April 13, 1936 (p. 3), Council on African Affairs. According to Attorney General (press releases of June 1 Buell G. Gallagher, identified as president the Daily Worker of March 29, 1948 (p. 7), and September 21, 1948; consolidated list of of Talladega College, endorsed a peace strike Judge Hubert T. Delaney was a member of April 1, 1954); he had previously cited the of 500,000 students who planned a demon­ the executive board of the council. The organization as 'established in the United stration for April ·22, 1936. The strike was Daily Worker of April 26, 1947 (p. 12), States • • • in an effort to create public sponsored by the American Student Union named him as having signed a statement sentiment on behalf of a foreign policy which was cited as a Communist-front or­ issued by the council. adapted to the interests of the Soviet Union' ganization by the special Committee on Un­ "The Attorney General of the United States (CoNGRESSIONAL REcoRn, September 24, 1942, American Activities in reports dated Jan­ cited the Council on African Affairs as sub­ pp. 7683 and 7684). The Special Committee uary 3, 1940, June 25, 1942, and March 29, versive and Communist (press releases of on Un-American Activities cited the Ameri­ 1944. December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; can league as 'the largest of the Communist­ "The Daily People's World, the Communist also included on consolidated list released front movements in the United States' (re­ journal on the west coast, listed Dr. Buell April1, 1954). port of January 3, 1940). Gallagher as a member of the Draft Cross "A 1939 membership list of the National "The catalog of the George Washington Committee, in connection with a move to Lawyers Guild, which was made available to Carver School (winter term, 1947) contains draft Mayor Laurence L. Cross, of Berkeley, the special Committee on Un-American Ac­ the name of Judge Hubert T. Delany as a Calif., as candidate for Congress from the tivities, contains the name of one Hobert T. member of the board of directors of that Seventh District of California. (See Daily Delany, 30 Broad Street, New York City. school, cited by the Attorney General as 'an People's World of January 28, 1948, p. 3.) The name of Hubert T. Delany appeared on a adjunct in New York City of the Communist In the February 17, 1948, issue of the Daily letterhead of the guild dated May 28, 1940, Party' (press release of December 4, 1947; People's World (p. 3), we find that 'the com­ as director ex officio. The New York Guild included on consolidated list of Apri11, 1954). mittee originally formed to draft Mayor Lawyer for September 1950 listed him as vice "Hubert T. Delany was named as a repre­ Laurence Cross for Congress has resolved to president of the New York chapter of the sentative individual who advocated lifting stay together in support of the candidacy guild. A list of officers of the National Law­ the arms embargo against Spain in a booklet of Dr. Buell G. Gallagher in the Seventh Dis­ yers Guild (as of December 1949) contains entitled 'These Americans Say,' which was trict.' According to Judge Louis J. Hardie, the name of the Honorable Hubert T. De­ prepared and published by the coordinating committee chairman, 'In Dr. Gallagher, we laney in a list of members of the organiza­ committee to lift the embargo, cited as one feel that we have found a congressional tion's executive board; he is so named in a of the number of groups set up during the candidate who possesses those qualities of list dated May 1950. Both of these lists were Spanish Civil War by the Communist Party in intelligence, integrity, and idealism which printed in a report on the National Lawyers the United States and through which the we admire in Dr. Cross. His deep acquaint­ Guild, prepared and published by the Com­ party carried on a great deal of agitation. ance with social and economic problems and mittee on Un-American Activities September (From a report of the Special Committee on his broad experience in community activi­ 17, 1950. Un-American Activities dated March 29, ties insure the voters of the Seventh District "Convention News of May 1941 (pp. 2 and 1944.) a candidate who wlll honestly and ably serve 4), issued by the fifth annual convention of "A letterhead of the Lawyers Committee on them in the 81st Congress' (ibid.). the National Lawyers Guild which was held American Relations with Spain dated March "In the March 10, 1948, issue of the Daily May 29-June 1, 1941, in Detroit, Mich., named 5, 1938, and a prospectus and review of the People's World, we note that the 'Alameda Hubert T. Delany as a member of the con­ organization both name him as a member of county CIO Council voted endorsement last vention resolutions committee; he was also that group. night for Dr. Buell Gallagher, pro-Wallace named in the same source as a member of "In a report dated March 29, 1944, the candidate for Congress in the Seventh Dis­ the national executive board, National Law­ Special Committee on Un-American Activi­ 'trict. Dr. Gallagher, endorsed previously by yers Guild. Judge Delaney presided at an ties had the following to say concerning the the AFL Central Labor Council and Building annual convention of the guild in Chicago, Lawyers' Committee on American Relations Trades Council, will run in the Democratic Dl., in 1951 (Daily People's World, October with Spain: 'When it was the policy of' the primary in June against Dyke Brown, the 18, 1951, p. 2); he also spoke before the guild Communist Party to organize much of its Truman candidate. Congressman from the in 1951, as reported in the Daily Worker of main propaganda around the civil war in Seventh District now is Republican John J. April 10, 1951, page 5. In the latter three Spain, the lawyers' committee * * * support­ Allen, who voted for the Taft-Hartley law' sources, he was identified with the domestic ed this movement.' (p. 3). relations court of New York City. "A letterhead of the medical bureau and "Under date of February 10, 1951, Dr. Gal­ "The Daily Worker of October 7, 1952 (p. North American Committee To Aid Spanish lagher addressed a letter to the chairman 3) , reported that Judge Delany was to lead a Democracy dated July 6, 1938, contains the of this committee deta111ng an analysis of workshop at the ·national conference on civil name of Judge Delany in a list of members the information reflected in the public files rights legislation and discrimination to be of that group. of the committee, and stating, 'at no time held in New York City, October 10-12, under "During 1937 and 1938, the Communist have I ever been a member of, or sympa­ the auspices of the National Lawyers Guild; Party wholeheartedly campaigned for sup­ thizer with, the Communist Party; nor a a letterhead of the New York City chapter of port of the Spanish Loyalist cause, recruit­ member of, or sympathizer with, any orga­ the guild dated October 17, 1952, listed ing men and setting up so-called relief or­ nization which I knew or believed to 'be a Hubert T. Delany as vice president. The ganizations such as the medical bureau and front for communism.' The chairman, in Daily Work of February 20, 1953 (p. 6), an­ North American Committee To Aid Spanish a letter to Dr. Gallagher dated March 3, nounced that he would speak at a panel Democracy. (From report No. 1311 of the 1951, advised him that his analysis would session on civil rights and liberties, February Special Committee on Un-American Activi­ be made a part of the committee records 22, at the annual convention of the guild, ties dated March 29, 1944.) and quoted in any future releases." February 20-23, in New York City. Accord­ "Hubert T. Delany was one of the spon­ ing to the Daily Worker of May 27, 1953 (p. sors of a testimonial dinner in honor of Fer­ "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. 8), Hubert T. Delany was reelected vice presi­ dinand c. Smith, Communist Party member "Subject: Judge Hubert T. Delany (also dent of the New York City chapter of the and national secretary of the National Mari­ spelled Delaney), national board of di­ National Lawyers Guild at the annual mem­ time Union; identified as tax commissioner, rectors, NAACP, 1954. bership meeting May 26. He was elected one New York City, Judge Delany was listed by "The public records, files, and publications of the vice presidents of the National Law­ Labor Defender (issue of October 1935) as of this CODlDlittee contain the following in­ yers Guild, New York City chapter, for the one of the individuals who signed a petition formation concerning the subject individual. years 1954--55, as reported in the Daily Worker for the freedom of Angelo Herndon, a Com­ This report should not be construed as rep- of May 26, 1954 (p. 8). munist." 13606 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. erate wheelhorses and supporters of the nonpartisan committee for the reelection of "Subject: Norman Cousins, national vice Communist Party and its auxiliary organi­ Vito Marcantonio as a Communist-front president, NAACP, 1954. zations. organization. . "The public records, files, and publications "The call to a national conference on "Algernon Black was a member of the ad­ of this committee contain the following in­ American policy in China and the Far East, visory board of the American Student Union, formation concerning the subject individual. held in January 1948, included the name ot as shown in· a pamphlet entitled 'Presenting This report should not be construed as rep­ Dr. Algernon Black in the list of sponsors the American Student Union.' The Special resenting the results of an investigation by (Call, January 23-25, 1948, New York City); Committee on Un-American Activities, in its or findings of this committee. It should the conference was called by the Committee report dated January 3, 1939 (p. 80), cited be noted that the individual is not neces­ for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy. In the the American Student Union as a Commu­ sarily a Communist, a Communist sympa­ December 1949-January 1950 issue of Far nist-front organization. thizer, or a fellow traveler unless otherwise East Spotlight, which is the official organ "A letterhead of the Veterans Against Dis­ indicated. of the Committee for a Democratic Far East­ crimination of Civil Rights Congress of New "In an article which appeared in the Daily ern Policy, Dr. Black answered a question- · York, dated May 11, 1946, listed the name of Worker of January 13, 1948, it was reported naire issued by that committee, favoring Algernon Black as one of the public sponsors that 'Thirty-five well-known authors, edi­ recognition of the Chinese Communist gov­ of that organization. The Attorney Gen­ tors, clergymen, and other public figures ernment. eral cited the Veterans Against Discrimina­ today called on the new Federal Employees "The Attorney General of the United tion of Civil Rights Congress of New York Loyalty Review Board to prevent injustices States cited the Committee for a Democratic as subversive in a letter released December 4, to individuals in the Government loyalty Far Eastern Policy as a Communist organi­ 1947; included on the April 1, 1954, con­ check.' Norman Cousins was one of those zation in a letter fm·nished the Loyalty Re­ solidated list. who signed the letter, addressed to Seth W. view Board and release to the press by the "Mr. Black signed an open letter of the Richardson, board chairman. This article United States Civil Service Commission National Federation for Constitutional Lib­ also appeared in the New York Times on the April 27, 1949; redesignated April 27, 1953, erties, as shown in the booklet '600 Promi­ preceding day, January 12, 1948 (p. 10). pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450, and nent Americans' (p. 16). The Attorney "In a report of the Committee on On­ included on the April 1, 1954, consolidated General cited the National Federation as sub­ American Activities entitled 'Review of the list of organizations previously designated. versive and Communist in letters released Scientific and Cultural Conference for "The Daily Worker of June 21, 1948, re­ December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; World Peace,' dated April 19, 1949, we find the ported that Algernon D. Black had signed a redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on following statement concerning a speech of statement of the National Council of Ameri­ the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The Norman Cousins before that conference: can-Soviet Friendship, calling for a confer­ Attorney General cited the organization pre­ " 'In answer to this totalitarian philosophy ence with the Soviet Union; he signed an viously as 'part of what Lenin called the of dragooning culture, Norman Cousins, edi­ appeal of the same organization to the U.S. solar system of organizations, ostensibly tor of the Saturday Review of Literature, de­ Government to end the cold war and ar­ having no connection with the Communist clared amid a great deal of hissing and boo­ range a conference with the Soviet Union Party, by which Communists attempt to ing, that "Democracy must mean intellectual (leaflet entitled 'End the Cold War-Get create sympathizers and supporters of their freedom, that it must protect the individual Together for Peace' which was dated Decem­ program.' The Special Committee on Un­ against the right of the state to draw politi­ ber 1948) ; he signed a statement in praise American Activities, in its report dated cal and cultural blueprints for its painters of Henry Wallace's open letter to Stalin March 29, 1944 (p. 50), cited the National and writers and composers or to castigate (May 1948), as shown in the pamphlet How Federation for Constitutional Liberties as them, or to enter into those matters of mind To End the Cold War and Build the Peace 'one of the viciously subversive organiza­ in which the individual is sovereign."' (See (p. 9), prepared and released by the National tions of the Communist Party.' The Com­ p. 13 of the Review of the Scientific and Council of American-Soviet Friendship. mittee on Un-American Activities, in its re­ Cultural Conference.)" "The Attorney General cited the National port of September 2, 1947 (p. 3), cited the Council of American-Soviet Friendship as National Federation as aznong a 'maze of "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. subversive and Communist in letters released organizations' which were 'spawned for the "Subject: Dr. Algernon D. Black, national December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; alleged purpose of defending civil liberties board of directors, NAACP, 1961. redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on in general but actually intended to protect "The public records, files, and publications the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The Communist subversion from any penalties of this committee contain the following in­ special Committee on Un-American Activ­ under the law.' .formation concerning the subject individual. ities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 156), "The printed program of the Greater New This report should not be construed as rep­ cited the National Council of American-Soviet York Emergency Conference on Inalienable resenting the results of an investigation by Friendship as 'in recent months, the Com­ Rights, February 12, 1940, reveals the name or findings of this committee. It should be munist Party's principal front for all things of Algernon D. Black as vice chairman of noted that the individual is not necessarily Russian.' the group. A letterhead of the American a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or "Dr. Black contributed an article to the Russian In!!titute, received July 26, 1949, con­ a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. pamphlet We Hold These Truths (p. 22), tains the name of Dr. Black as a member "Dr. Algernon D. Black was one of the which was issued by the League of American of the interchurch committee of that insti­ sponsors of the Cultural and Scientific Con­ Writers. He was named as a member of the tute. The Special Committee on Un­ ference for World Peace, arranged by the executive committee of Film Audiences for American Activities, in its report dated National Council o.f the Arts, Sciences, and Democracy in the June 1939 issue of Film March 29, 1944 (pp. 96 and 129), cited the Professions, March 25-27, 1949 (conference Survey, official organ of Film Audiences, cited Greater New York Emergency Conference on program, p. 12, and conference call). The as a Communist-front organization by the Inalienable Rights as a Communist front Daily Worker of February 21, 1949 (p. 2), special Committee on Un-American Activities organization. The Attorney General cited announced that he was a member of the pro­ (report No. 1311 of March 29, 1944, p. 150). the American Russian Institute as a Com­ gram committee of that conference. Speak­ "The Attorney General cited the League of munist organization in a letter released ing of peace, edited report of the conference, American Writers as subversive and Commu­ April 27, 1949; redesignated April 27, 1953, March 25, 26, 27, 1949, listed Algernon Black nist in letters furnished the Loyalty Review and included on the April 1, 1954, consoli­ as a speaker on 'A Warning Against Sectarian Board and released to the press by the U.S. dated list. Prejudice,' and gave biographical data con­ Civil Service Commission June 1 and Sep­ . ''Dr. Black was a member of the American cerning him (pp. 121, 139). tember 21, 1948; redesignated April 27, 1953, Friends of Spanish Democracy (letterheads "In 1948 and 1949, Dr. Black signed state­ and included on the April 1, 1954, consoli­ dated March 13, 1931, and February 21, 1938); ments Of the National Council of the Arts, dated list. The organization was cited pre­ and described as a representative individual Sciences, and Professions (Daily Worker, viously by the Attorney General as 'founded in a booklet entitled "These Americans Say" Dec. 29, 1948, p. 2; letterhead received in under Communist auspices in 1935 • • • in which was published by the Coordinating January 1949; New York Star of January 4, 1939 * * * began openly to follow the Com­ Committee to Lift the (Spanish) Embargo. 1949, p. 9, an advertisement). He spoke be­ munist Party line as dictated by the foreign The Special Committee on Un-American Ac­ fore the group in February 1949 (Daily policy of the Soviet Union.' (CoNGRESSIONAL tivities, in its report dated March 29, 1944 Worker, Feb. 28, 1949, p. 2). RECORD, September 24, 1942, pp. 7685 and (p. 82), cited the American Friends of Span­ "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ 7686.) The special Committee on Un-Ameri­ ish Democracy as a Communist front or­ ties, in its Review of the Scientific and Cul­ can Activities, in its reports of January 3, ganization. The Coordinating Committee to tural Conference for World Peace arranged 1940 (p. 9), June 25, 1942 (p. 19), and March Lift the (Spanish) Embargo was cited by the by the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, 29, 1944 (p. 48), cited the League of American Special Committee on Un-American Activi­ and Professions and held in New York City Writers as a Communist-front organization. ties in its report dated March 29, 1944 (pp. on March 25, 26, and 27, 1949, April 26, 1950, "A letterhead of the nonpartisan commit­ 137 and 138), as one of a number of front cited the National Council of the Arts, Sci­ tee for the reelection of Congressman Vito organizations set up during the Spanish ences, and Professions as a Communist­ Marcantonio, dated October 3, 1936, listed Civil War by the Communist Party in the front organization. In this same report the the name of Algernon D. Black as a member United States and through which the party Committee on Un-American Activities cited of that committee. The Special Committee carried on a great deal of agitation. the scientific and cultural conference as on Un-American Activities, in its report "In a pamphlet entitled 'News You Don't actually a supermobilization of the invet- dated March 29, 1944 (p. 122), cited the Get' (dated Nov. 15, 1938), Algernon 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13607 Black was named as one of those who signed An invitation to a dinner held under the tion (reports of June 25, 1942, and Mar. 29, the call to a conference on pan-American auspices of the group, January 21, 1948, 1944). democracy; a letterhead of the organization listed him as a member of the dinner com-. "Official proceedings of the National Negro dated November 16, 1938, named him as one mittee. He signed a petition of the organi­ Congress for 1936, pages 5 and 40, named Dr. of the sponsors of the conference. The At­ zation as shown by a leaflet published by_ Ralph Bunche, Washington, D.C., as a mem­ torney General cited the Conference on Pan­ the Voice of Freedom Committee. The At­ ber of the presiding committee and a member American Democracy as subversive and Com­ torney General included the Voice of Free­ of the national executive council of that munist in letters released June 1 and dom Committee on his April 1, 1954, con-· organization. September 21, 1948; redesignated April 27, solidated list of organizations previously "The Special Committee on Un-American 1953, pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. designated. Activities cited the National Negro Con­ The Special Committee on Un-American Ac­ · "Algernon D. Black, New York Ethical Cul­ gress as a Communist-front movement in tivities, in its report dated March 29, 1944 ture Society, signed an open letter of the the United States among Negroes, and re­ (pp. 161 and 164), cited the Conference on Conference on Peaceful Alternatives to the ported that 'the officers of the National Pan-American Democracy as a Communist Atlantic Pact to Senators and Congressmen Negro Congress are outspoken Communist front organization. urging defeat of President Truman's arms sympathizers, and a majority of those on "Algernon Black signed a declaration of program, as shown by a letterhead dated the executive board are outright Commu­ the Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Com­ August 21, 1949. nists' (report of January 3, 1939). The At­ mittee honoring Dimitrov, as shown in the "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ torney General cited the National Negro Con­ New York Times of December 22, 1943 (p. 40). ties, in its report on the Communist peace gress as a Communist-front organization The Special Committee on Un-American Ac­ offensive, April 1, 1951 (p. 56), cited the (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, tivities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (pp. Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the pp. 7687 and 7688; press releases of Decem­ 112 and 156), cited the Reichstag Fire Trial Atlantic Pact as a meeting called by the Daily ber 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; con­ Anniversary Committee as a Communist Worker in July 1949, to be held in Washing­ solidated list of cited organizations, dated front organization. ton, D.C., and as having been instigated by April 1, 1954). "Dr. Black signed an open letter in defense Communists in the United States (who) did "The Washington Post and Times Herald, of Harry Bridges. (See Daily Worker of July their part in the Moscow campaign. May 29, 1954, p. 6, reported that 'A Federal 19, 1942, p. 4.) Letterheads of the Citizens. - "The Daily Worker of December 10, 1952 loyalty board announced today that it has Victory Committee for Harry Bridges dated (p. 4), listed Dr. Algernon D. Black as a unanimously cleared Dr. Ralph J. Bunche June 8, 1943, and January 10, 1944, listed signer of an appeal to President Truman re­ of any and all charges,' the article quoted Algernon Black as a committee member or questing amnesty for leaders of the Commu­ the official announcement as follows: sponsor of that group. The open letter in nist Party convicted under the Smith Act... " 'The full board had its second meeting defense of Harry Bridges was cited as a with Dr. Bunche yesterday following which Communist front organization by the Special it unanimously reached the conclusion that Committee on Un-American Activities in its FEBRUARY 13, 1956. there is no doubt as to the loyalty of Dr. report of March 29, 1944 (pp, 87, 112, 129, "Subject: Dr. Ralph Bunche, national board of directors, NAACP, 1961. Bunche to the Government of the United 166). The Citizens' Committee for Harry "The public records, files, and publications States. Bridges was cited as Communist by the At­ "'This conclusion has been forwarded to torney General in a letter released April 27, of this committee contain the following in­ the Secretary of State for transmittal to 1949; redesignated April 27, 1953, and in­ formation concerning the subject individual. the Secretary General of the U.N. At the cluded on the April!, 1954, consolidated list. This report should not be construed as repre­ same time it has been informally trans­ The Special Committee on Un-American Ac­ senting the results of an investigation by or mitted to Dr. Bunche.' tivities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (pp. findings of this commmittee. It should be "Reference to the loyalty board's clearance 90 and 94) , cited the Citizens' Committee­ noted that the· individual is not necessarily of Dr. Bunche is found also in the Washing­ for Harry Bridges as a Communist front a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or ton Evening Star, May 28, 1954, p. A-1." organization. a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. "The Daily Worker of March 29, 1951 (p. · "Dr. Ralph Bunche was a member of the "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. 9), reported that Dr. Algernon D. Black executive board of .the Washington commit­ "Subject: Dr. H. Claude Hudson, national signed a letter of the American Committee tee, Southern Conference for Human Welfare, board of directors, NAACP, 1961. for Protection of Foreign Born attacking as shown on their letterhead of June 4, 1947. "The public records, files, and publications the McCarran Act. Algernon D. Black was The special Committee on Un-American Ac­ of this committee contain the following in­ shown as a sponsor of the American Com­ tivities cited the Southern Conference for formation concerning the subject individual. mittee for Protection of Foreign Born in the Human Welfare as a Communist-front or­ This report should not be construed as rep­ Daily Worker, April 4, 1951 (p. 8), a leaflet: ganization in its report of March 29, 1944. resenting the results of an investigation by 'Call-Mass Meeting and Conference,' Oc­ In 1947 the Committee on Un-American Ac­ or findings of this committee. It should tober 27, 1951, Dearborn, Mich., and a photo­ tivities released a report on the conference, be noted that the individual is not neces­ static copy of an undated letterhead of the in which it was cited as a Communist-front sarily a Communist, a. Communist sympa­ 20th anniversary national conference • • •, organization which sought to 'attract south­ thizer, or a fellow traveler unless otherwise U. E. Hall, Chicago, Ill. (Dec. 8-9, 1951). ern liberals on the basis of its seeming inter­ indicated. The Daily Worker of August 10, 1950 (p. 5), est in the problems of the South,' although "The Daily People's World of May 2, 1947 reported that Dr. Algernon Black signed a its 'professed interest in southern welfare' (p. 8), listed Dr. H. Claude Hudson as a statement of the American Committee was 'simply an expedient for larger aims sponsor of the Los Angeles chapter of the Against Denaturalization. serving the Soviet Union and its subservient Civil Rights Congress. Communist Party in the United States' (Re­ "The Attorney General of the United States "The Attorney General cited the American port No. 592 of June 12, 47). Committee for Protection of Foreign Born cited the Civil Rights Congress as subver­ as subversive and Communist in letters re­ "Ralph Bunche was a sponsor of the Con­ sive and Communist in letters to the Loyalty leased June 1 and September 21, 1948; re­ ference on Civil Rights of the Washington Review Board, released December 4, 1947, designated April 27, 1953, and included on Committee for Democratic Action, April and September 21, 1948. The organization the April1, 1954, consolidated li&t. The spe­ 2Q-21, 1940, as shown by the conference call, was redesignated by the Attorney General cial Committee on Un-American Activities, page 4. A letterhead of the Washington April 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 155), cited Committee for Democratic Action dated No. 10450, and includ.ed on the April 1, 1954, the American Committee for Protection of April 26, 1940, named Dr. Bunche as one of consolidated list of organizations previously Foreign Born as 'one of the oldest auxiliaries the sponsors of that group. designated. The Committee on Un-American of the Communist Party in the United "The Washington Committee for Demo­ Activities, in its report of September 2, 1947 States.' cratic Action was cited as subversive and (pp. 2 and 19), cited the Civil Rights Con­ "On June 13, 1949, the Daily Worker re­ Communist by the Attorney General of the gress as an organization formed in April ported that Dr. Black was one of the spon­ United States in letters to the Loyalty Review 1946 as a merger of two other Communist­ sors of an organization formed to oppose Board, released December 4, 1947, and Sep­ front organizations (International Labor the Mundt-Nixon anti-Communist bill; a tember 21, 1948. The organization was re­ Defense and the National Federation for press release of the National Committee to designated by the Attorney General, April 27, Constitutional Liberties); 'dedicated not to Defeat the Mundt Bill, dated June 15, 1949, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450, the broader issues of civil liberties, but spe­ revealed the same information. The Com­ and included in the April 1, 1954, consoli­ cifically to the defense of individual Com­ mittee on Un-American Activities, in its dated list of organizations previously desig­ munists and the Communist Party' and report on the National Committee To Defeat nated. The Attorney General had previously 'controlled by individuals who are either the Mundt bill dated January 2, 1951, cited cited the group as an affiliate or local chapter members of the Communist Party or openly that organization as 'a registered lobbying of the National Federation for Constitutional loyal to it.'" organization which has carried out the ob-· Liberties (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, . "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. jectives of the Communist Party in its fight 1942, pp. 7688 and 7689). The special Com­ "Subject: Alfred Baker Lewis, national board against antisubversive legislation.' mittee on Un-American Activities cited the of directors, NAACP, 1961. "A letterhead of the Voice of Freedom Com­ organization as successor in Washington to "The public records, files, and publications mittee dated June 16, 1947, listed Algernon the American League for Peace and Democ­ of this committee contain the following in­ D. Black as a sponsor of that organization: racy and an affiliate of the national federa- formation concerning the subject individual. CIX--856 1360S CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 This report should not be construed as repre­ formation concerning the subject individual. nizations, dated AI»"il 1, 1954). The Special senting the results of an investigation by or This report should not be construed as repre­ Committee on Un-American Activities and finding of this committee. It should be senting the results of an investigation by or the Committee on Un-American Activities noted that the individual is not necessarily findings of this committee. It should be cited the Michigan Civil Rights Federation a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or noted that the individual is not necessarily a as a Communist-front organization. (From a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or a Report No. 1311 of the Special Committee "On July 11, 1942, the National Federation fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated: en Un-American Activities, dated March 29, for Constitutional Liberties addressed an "The Daily Worker of March 18, 1945 (p. 2), 1944; and Report No. 1115 of the Committee open letter to the President of the United and an undated leafiet, The Only Sound on Un-American Activities, dated September States urging him to reconsider Attorney Policy for a Democracy, named Dr. James J. 2, 1947, p. 3.)" General Francis Biddle's order to deport McClendon as one of the signers of a state­ Harry Bridges; the letter also stated that: ment, sponsored by the National Federation "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. 'It is equally essential that the Attorney for Constitutional Liberties, which supported "Subject: James Hinton, national board of General's ill-advised, arbitrary, and unwar­ the War Department's order on granting directors, NAACP, 1954. ranted findings relative to the Communist commissions to members of the Armed Forces "The public records, files and publications Party be rescinded.' Alfred Baker Lewis, who have been members of or sympathetic to of this committee contain the following in­ executive board, National Association for the views of the Communist Party. Dr. Mc­ formation concerning the subject individual. the Advancement of Colored People, and Clendon was identified as president of the This report should not be construed as rep­ executive board member, Union for Demo­ Detroit National Association for the Advance­ resenting the results of an investigation by cratic Action, New York, N.Y., signed the ment of Colored People. Dr. J. J. McClendon or findings of this committee. It should be open letter, as shown in the pamphlet en­ was one of the sponsors of the National Fed­ noted that the individual is not necessarily titled '600 Prominent Americans Ask Presi­ eration for Constitutional Liberties, as shown a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or dent To Rescind Biddle Decision,' published by the program, Action Conference for Civil a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. September 11, 1942, by the National Federa­ Rights, held in Washington, D.C., April 19- ''James M. Hinton, identified as president tion of Constitutional Liberties and incor­ 20, 1941; and on letterheads dated September of the State conference of the National Asso­ porating the open letter in full. The open 11, 1940, and November 6, 1940. ciation for the Advancement of Colored Peo­ letter, together with a list of individuals who "The National Federation for Constitu­ ple for South Carollna, was one of the signed it, appeared in the Daily Worker on tional Liberties was cited as subversive and sponsors of a Congress on Civil Rights, as July 19, 1942 (p. 4). Communist by the United States Attorney shown on the call to the congress which was "The Attorney General of the United States General in press releases dated December 4, held in Detroit, Mich., April 27-28, 1946. cited the National Federation for Constitu­ 1947, and September 21, 1948; also included (See pp. 21 and 22 of Rept. No. 1115 of the tional Liberties as 'Part of what Lenin in his consolidated list of April 1, 1954. The Committee on Un-American Activities on called the solar system of organizations, os­ Attorney General described the organization the Civil Rights Congress, September 2, tenSibly having no connection with the as "part of what Lenin called the solar sys­ 1947.) Communist Party, by which Communists tem of organizations, ostensibly having no "The Civil Rights Congress was fotinded attempt to create sympathizers and support­ connection with the Communist Party, by .at a conference in Detroit April 27 and 28, ers of their program,' and as subversive and which Communists attempt to create sympa­ 1946, effectuating the merger of the Inter­ Communist. (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sep­ thl2;ers and supporters of their program' national Labor Defense and the National tember 24, 1942, p. 7687; and press releases (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, Federation for Constitutional Liberties. The of December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948, p. 7687) . The Special Committee on Un­ Civil Rights Congress was 'dedicated not respectively; also included in consolidated American Activities stated that 'There can to the broader issues of civil liberties, but list released April 1, 1954.) The Special be no reasonable doubt about the fact that specifically to the defense of individual Com­ Committee on Un-American Activities cited the National Federation for Constitutional munists and the Communist Party' and 'con-· the federation as one of the viciously subver­ Liberties regardless of its high-sounding trolled by individuals who are either mem­ sive organizations of the Communist Party name-is one of the viciously subversive or­ bers of the Communist Party or openly (report of March 29, 1944; also cited in re­ ganizations of the Communist Party• (special loyal to it' (pp. 2 and 19 of Rept. No. 1115). ports of June 25, 1942, and JanuarY. 2, 1943). committee report, March 29, 1944, p. 50); "The Attorney General of the United States It was also cited by the Committee on Un­ also cited in reports, June 25, 1942 (p. 20), cited the Civil Rights Congress as subversive American Activities as intended to protect and January 2, 1943 (pp. 9 and 12). and Communist in letters to the Loyalty Communist subversion from any penalties "Dr. James J. McClendon was named in the Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and under the law (Report No. 1115 of Septem­ Daily Worker of March 16, 1942 (pp. 1 and September 21, 1948; redesignated April 27, ber 2, 1947) . 4), and on a letterhead dated April 2, 1942, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450, "An undated letterhead of the League for as one of the sponsors of the National Free and included on the April 1, 1954, consoli-· Mutual Aid, 104 Fifth Avenue, New York Browder Congress. dated list of organizations previously desig­ City, contained the name of Alfred Baker "The National Free Browder Congress was nated." Lewis in a list of members of the organiza­ cited as a Communist front which arranged tion's advisory committee. The league was to meet March 28-29, 1942. Earl Browder "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. cited as a Communist enterprise by the Spe­ was general secretary of the Communist "Subject: Theodore M. Berry, national board cial Committee on Un-American Activities in Party, United States of America, who had of directors, national legal committee, Report No. 1311 of March 29, 1944. been convicted and sentenced to Atlanta NAACP, 1961. "'Greetings and best wishes for success to Jl'ederal Penitentiary for passport fraud. "The public records, files and publications the second national Negro congress' were (Special Committee on Un-American Activ­ of this committee contain the following in­ contained in the printed annual program of ities, report, March 29,. 1944 (pp. 69, 87, and formation concerning the subject individ­ that congress, sent by A. Phi11p Randolph, 132) .) ual. This report should not be construed as chairman, and Alfred Baker Lewis, secretary, "Dr. James McClendon was one of the representing the results of an investigation Negro Work Committee of the Socialist Party. sponsors of the sesquicentennial bill of by or findings of this committee. It should (Printed annual program, second national rights celebration, held under the auspices be noted that the individual is not neces­ Negro congress, Philadelphia, Pa., Octo­ of the Michigan Civil Rights Federation, sarily a Communist, a Communist sympa­ ber 15, 16, and 17, 1937, p. 61). The National Detroit, Mich., December 1-2, 1939, as shown thizer, or a fellow traveler unless otherwise Negro Congress was cited as an important by the call of conference. Dr. James J. Mc­ indicated. sector of the democratic front, sponsored and Clendon was one of the sponsors of a state­ "A 1939 membership list of the National supported by the Communist Party;_ and lat­ wide conference, held under the auspices Lawyers Guild which was made available to er, as subversive and Communist. (CoN­ of the Michigan federation in Detroit, Mich., the Special Committee on Un-American GRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, pp. September 12, 1943, as shown by call of the Activities, March 1939, contains the name 7687 and 7688; and press releases of Decem­ conference. He was identified as president of Theodore M. Berry, 308 West Fifth Street, ber 4, 1947 and September 21, 1948; also in­ of the Detroit chapter of the National Asso­ Cincinnati, Ohio, as a member. cluded on consolidated list of April 1, 1954.) ciation for the Advancement of Colored Peo­ "The Special Committee on Un-American The Special Committee on Un-American ple. Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 Activities cited the Congress as the Commu­ "The Michigan Civil Rights Federation was (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild nist-front movement in the United States cited by the Attorney General of the United as a Communist-front organization. The among Negroes (report of January 3, 1939; States as 'an affiliate of the Communist Committee on Un-American Activities, in its also cited in reports of January 3, 1940; June front, the National Federation for Constitu­ report on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ 25, 1942; and March 29, 1944) ." tional Liberties; and as subversive and Com­ tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as munist organization which has been suc­ a Communist front which 'is the foremost "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. ceeded by and now operates as the Michi­ legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its "Subject: Dr. James J. McClendon, national gan chapter of the Civil Rights Congress' front organizations, and controlled unions' board of directors, national health com­ (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, and which 'since its inception has never mittee, NAACP, 1961 p . 7687; and press releases of December 4, failed to rally to the legal defense of the "The public records, files, and publications 1947, June 1 and September 21, 1948; also Communist Party and individual members of this committee contain the following in- including in his consolidated list of orga- thereof, including known espionage agents.' " 1963 CONG~ESSIONAL. ~ECORD- HOUSE 13609 "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. it on the April 1, 1954, consolidated list of National Lawyers' Guild, addressed the an­ "Subject: Earl B. 'Dickerson, national board organizations previously designated. The nual convention of the group held February of directors, natio:q,al legal · committee, Special Committee on Un-American Activ­ 2(}-23, at the Park-Sheraton Hotel, New York NAACP, 1961. . . . - ities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 82), City, and stated that 'a new foreign policy is "The public records, 'tiles~ and publ~cations cited the Abraham Lincoln School as suc­ needed if the drive against liberties is to be of this committee contain the following in· cessor of the Workers sChool as a Commu­ halted.' The Daily People's World of July 6, formation concerning the subject individual. nist educational medium in Chicago. 1953 (p. 3), announced that he was to be This report should not be construed as rep­ "A pamphlet entitled 'For a New Africa' honored by the Los Angeles-Hollywood chap­ resenting 'the resUlts of an investigation by (containing the proceedings of the confer­ ter of the National Lawyers' Guild at a or findings of this committee. It should be ence on Africa, New York, April 14, 1944) luncheon. The Daily Worker of August 28, noted that the individual is not necessarily names Earl B. Dickerson as a member of the 1953 (p. 2), reported that Earl B. Dickerson, a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or National Negro Congress. president of the National Lawyers' Guild, is­ a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. "The National Negro Congress was cited as sued a statement opposing the American Bar "According to the Daily Worker of Feb­ subversive and Communist by the Attorney Association's call for disbarment of Com­ ruary 28, 1949 (p. 9), Earl Dickerson, attor­ General in letters released December 4, 1947, munist lawyers. As shown by the Septem­ ney, Illinois, was one of the signers of a and September 21, 1948; redesignated April ber 6, 1953, issue of the Worker (p. 6), Earl statement defending the 12 Communist. lead­ 27, 1953, and i~clud~d on the April 1, 1954, Dickerson protested the placing of the Na­ ers. He signed·. a statement in behalf of the consolidated list. The organization was cited tional Lawyers' Guild on the list of subver­ attorneys in the Communist cases as shown previously by the Attorney General as a Com­ sive organizations by the Attorney General. by the July 31, 1950, issue of the Daily munist-front group (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, "The special Committee on Un-American Worker (p. 9). This same information was Sept. 24, 1942, pp. 7687 and 7688). The Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. shown in the February 1, 1950, issue of the Special Committee on Un-American Activi­ 149), cited the National Lawyers' Guild as a Daily Worker (p. 3). As shown by the Daily ties, in its report of January 3, 1939 (p. 81), Communist-front organization. The Com­ People's World of May 12, 1950. (p. 12), Earl cited the National Negro Congress as 'the Inittee on Un-American Activities, in its re­ B. Dickerson was a signer of a statement to Communist-front movement in the United port on the Nations Lawyers' Guild, Septem­ the United Nations in behalf of the Commu­ States among Negroes.' ber 17, 1950, cited the group as a Communist nist cases. "He was a member of the Council on Afri­ front which 'is the foremost legal bulwark "Earl B. ·Dickerson protested approval of can Affairs, as shown in a pamphlet entitled of the Communist Party, its front organiza­ the Smith Act by the Supreme Court as 'hav­ 'Eight Million Demand Freedom,' and the tions, and controlled unions' and which ing .a disastrous impact upon • • • strug­ pamphlet For a New Africa (p. 36). Earl B. 'since its inception has never failed to rally gle of Negro people' (Daily Worker, October Dickerson is listed as a member of the Coun­ to the legal defense of the Communist Party 1 •. 1951, p. 1). He filed a petition with the cil on African Affairs in a leafiet, issued by and individual members thereof, including clerk of the United States Supreme Court the organization, The Job To Be Done, a known espionage agents.' supporting the pending application for a leaflet entitled 'What of Africa's Place in "One Earl Dickerson (with no middle initial hearing on the constitutionality of the Tomorrow's World?' a pamphlet entitled shown) spoke at the morning session of the Smith Act as shown by the Daily Worker, 'Seeing Is Believing' ( 1947>, and a letter­ Congress on Civil Rights which was held in October 4, 1951 (p. 15). Mr. Dickerson was head of the group, dated May 17, 1945, and Detroit, Mich., April 27-28, 1946, as shown in identified in this source as a Negro attorney a pamphlet, Africa in the War. the program, Congress on Civil Rights (p. 1); in Illinois. He spoke against the Smith Act "The Attorney General cited the Council Earl B. Dickerson signed a statement of the according to the February 12, 1952 issue of on African Affairs as subversive and Com­ Civil Rights Congress which was in defense the Daily People's World (p. 3), and was co­ munist in letters released December 4, 1947, of Gerhart Eisler, according to the Daily author of a memorandum to the Supreme and September 21, 1948; redesignated April Worker of February 28, 1947 (p. 2); he was Court 'on the menace of the Smith Act to 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, 1954, one of the sponsors of the National Emer­ the Negro people' (Daily People's World, consolidated list. gency Conference for Civil Rights which was July 15, 1952, p. 1). Earl B. Dickerson, pres­ "The name of Earl Dickerson, of 35 South held in New York City on July 19, 1948, ident, National Lawyers Guild, Chicago, was Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill., appears on a according to the Daily Worker of July 12, a signer of an appeal to President Truman 1939 membership list of the National Law­ 1948 (p. 4); a photostat of a letterhead of requesting amnesty for leaders of the Com­ yers' Guild on file with this committee. In the Civil Right Congress, lllinois, dated munist Party convicted under the Smith Act 1949 he was president of the Chicago chapter December 18, 1948, listed Earl Dickerson as (Daily Worker, December 10, 1952, p. 4). As of the guild and chairman at a meeting on a sponsor. As shown by the Daily Worker shown by the Daily Worker, December 29, anti-Communist legislation, as shown in the of November 1, 1950 (p. 4), Earl B. Dicker­ 1953 (p. 8) and the Worker, January 3, 1954 Daily Worker of March 15, 1949 (p. 6); in the son was a sponsor of the Civil Rights Con­ (p. 6), Earl B. Dickerson was one of 39 promi­ same year he attacked the Marshall plan as gress. A handbill, 'Dodge Local 3 Supports nent Midwest citizens signing a plea for shown in the Daily Worker of July 19, 1949 FEPC Rally,' listed Earl B. Dickerson as one Christmas amnesty for Communist leaders (p. 5), in which source he was identified as of those who would speak at a rally to be convicted under the Smith Act, which was president of the Chicago chapter of the held under partial auspices of the Civil wired to President Eisenhower. He was one guild; he participated in a discussion enti­ Rights Congress of Michigan on April 16; of the initiators of an appeal for reduced tled 'Status of Civil Liberties' fifth annual 1950. bail for Claude Lightfoot, Illinois Commu­ convention, National Lawyers' Guild, Book­ "The Attorney General cited the Civil nist leader, indicted under a section of the Cadillac Hotel, Detroit, Mich., May 29-June Rights Congress as subversive and Commu­ Smith Act as shown by the September 12, 1, 1941, as shown by the convention program nist in letters released December 4, 1947, 1954, issue of the Worker (p. 16). printed in Convention News, May 1941 (p. 2), and September 21, 1948; redesignated April "According to the December 25, 1952, issue published by the guild. This same Conven­ 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, 1954, of the Daily Worker (p. 8), Earl D. Dickerson tion News (pp. 3 and 4) listed him as a consolidated list. The Committee on Un­ was a signer of an open letter to President member of the convention nominations com­ American Activities, in its report of Septem­ Truman asking cfemency for the Rosenbergs. mittee Of the fifth national convention of ber 2, 1947 (pp. 2 and 19), cited the Civil The Daily People's World of March 13, 1953 the National Lawyers' Guild. He submitted Rights Congress as an organization formed (p. 3), reported that Earl B. Dickerson con­ a report of the guild, denouncing lynching in April 1946 as a merger of two other Com-: tributed a statement to the pamphlet, The and discrimination, as shown in the Daily munist-front organizations (International Negro People Speak Out on the Rosenbergs, Worker, November 30, 1942 (p. 1). As shown Labor Defense and the National Federation distributed by volunteers for the East Bay by the October 15, 1951, issue of the Daily for Constitutional Liberties); 'dedicated Committee To Save the Rosenbergs, Oakland, Worker (p. 1), Earl B. Dickerson was presi­ not to the broader issues of civil liberties, California. dent of the Chicago chapter of the National but specifically to the defenSe of individual "Earl B. Dickerson was a signer of an ap­ Lawyers' Guild; he spoke at the national Communists and the Communist Party' and peal to the Greek Government protesting the convention of the organization in Chicago. 'controlled by individua:Is who are either court martial of Greek maritime unionists The October 18, 1951, issue of the Daily Peo­ members of the Communist Party or openly as shown by the Daily Worker, August 19, ple's World (p. 2), reported that Earl B. loyal to it.' 1952 (p. 1). Dickerson was elected president of the Na­ "According to the printed program of the "Earl B. Dickerson was listed in the spring tional Lawyers' Guild. He was shown as Cultural and Scientific Conference for World 1943 (p. 22) and fall session 1943 (p. 27) president of the National Lawyers' Guild in Peace (p. 14), Earl B. Dickerson was one of catalogs of the Abraham Lincoln Scho<;>l as the Daily Worker, January 25, 1952 (p. 1), the sponsors of this conference which was a member of .the board of directors. He was and February 20, 1953 (p. 6), and the Daily held in New York City, March 27-27, 1949, named in the same source as a guest lec­ People's World, January 25, 1952 (p. 8). The under the auspices of the National Council turer at the school (p. 19) . January 18, 1952, issue of the Daily People's of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions; he "The Attorney General of the United States World (p. 3) reported that Earl B. Dicker­ signed a statement of the council which was cited the Abraham Lincoln School as. an son was to speak on the Smith Act, the Con­ reprinted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, VOl­ adjunct of the Communist Party in a. letter stitution, and You, at a gathering of the San ume 95, part 7, page 9435. Earl B. Dickerson to the Loyalty Review Board, released De­ Francisco chapter of the National Lawyers' was a signer of a Resolution Against Atomic cember 4, 1947. The Attorney General redes­ Guild on February 1, 1952. The Daily Weapons as shown by a mimeographed list ignated the school April 27, 1953, pursuant Worker of February 24, 1953 (p. 6), re­ of signers attached to a letterhead of the to Executive Order No. 10450, and included ported that Earl Dickerson, president of the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and 13610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 Professions dated July 28, 1950. Mr. Dicker­ "Earl B. Dickerson was a speaker at the December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; son signed a statement to the American Conference on Constitutional Liberties, the redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on people, 'We uphold the right of all citizens founding conference of the National Federa­ the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The to speak for peace' released by the National tion for Constitutional Liberties, as shown Special Committee on U:n-American Activi­ Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Profes­ in the printed program, Call to a Conference, ties, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 156), sions, as shown by the handbill, 'Halt the page 2, June 7, 1940. cited the National Council as 'in recent Defamers Who Call Peace Un-American', He "The Attorney General cited the Confer­ months, the Communist Party's principal spoke at a conference on equal rights for ence on Constitutional Liberties in America front for all things Russian.' Negroes in the arts held by the New York as a conference as a result of which was "The Daily Worker of October 21, 1942 Council of the National Council of the Arts, established the National Federation for Con­ (p. 1), named Earl B. Dickerson among the New York City, November 10, 1951, accord­ stitutional Liberties, 'part of what Lenin list of members of the National Emergency ing to the November 7, 1951 (p. 3) and called the solar system of organizations, Committee To Stop Lynching. He signed November 14, 1951 (p. 7), issues of the Daily ostensibly having no connection with the an appeal to lift the Spanish embargo, which Worker. The Daily Worker of June 2, 1952 Communist Party, by which Communists at­ appeal was made by the Negro People's Com­ (p. 3), listed Earl B. Dickerson as one of the tempt to create sympathizers and supporters mittee To Aid Spanish Democracy, according endorsers of the national council resolution Of their program' (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, to the Daily Worker of February 8, 1939 calling for a hearing on Tunisia's demands Sept. 24, 1942, p. 7687). - The Special Com­ (p. 2). He contributed to the June 22, 1943, in the United Nations. He spoke at a con­ mittee on Un-America.n Activities, in its re­ issue of New Masses (p. 9). He signed ape­ ference for equal rights for Negroes in the port of March 29, 1944 (p. 102), cited the tition of the Citizens' Committee to Free Arts, Sciences, and Professions held by the conference as 'an important part of the solar Earl Browder, as shown in an official leaflet Southern California Council of the Arts, system of the Communist Party's front of the organization. Sciences, and Professions, on June 14, 1952, organizations.' "The National Emergency Committee To in Los Angeles (Daily Worker, June 20, 1952, "The program and call to a national con­ Stop Lynching was cited by the Special Com­ p. 7). ference of the American Committee for Pro­ mittee on Un-American Activities as a Negro "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ tection of Foreign Born, held in Cleveland, Communist-front organization, whose secre­ ties, in its Review of the Scientific and Cul­ Ohio, October 25 and 26, 1947, listed Earl B. tary was Ferdinand C. Smith, high in the tural Conference for World Peace, April 19, Dickerson as one of the sponsors of the circles of the Communist Party (report, 1949 (p. 2), cited the National Council of conference; he was one of the sponsors of the March 29, 1944, p. 180). the Arts, Sciences, and Professions as a sixth national conference, which was held in "The Special Committee on Un-American Communist-front organization. In this Cleveland, May 9 and 10, 1942, as shown in a Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 same report the committee cited the Scien­ leaflet of the conference, page 4. In the lat­ (p. 180), cited the Negro People's Committee tific and Cultural Conference for World ter source, Mr. Dickerson was identified as a To Aid Spanish Democracy as a Communist­ Peace as a Communist front which 'was member of the President's Committee on front organization. actually a supermobllization of the in­ Fair Employment Practices. Earl Dickerson "New Masses was cited as a Communist veterate wheelhorses and supporters of the was a sponsor of the American Committee periodical by the Attorney General (CoN­ Communist Party and its auxiliary organi­ for Protection of Foreign Born as shown by a GRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, p. 7688), zations.' 1950 letterhead, an undated letterhead (re­ and the Special Committee on Un-American "Earl B. Dickerson was a national sponsor ceived for files, July 11, 1950), an undated Activities (report, Mar. 29, 1955, pp. 48 and of the Spanish Refugee Appeal of the Joint letterhead (distributing a speech of Abner 75). Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, as shown Green at the conference of the American "The Citizens' Committee To Free Earl by letterheads of the group dated February Committee for Protection of the Foreign Browder was cited as Communist by the 26, 1946, February 3, 1948, May 18, 1951, and Born of December 2--3, 1950), and a letter­ Attorney General in a letter dated April 27, January 6, 1953. He signed an open letter head of the Midwest Committee for Protec­ 1949; redesignated April 27, 1953, and in­ of the organization to President Truman on tion of Foreign Born (April 30, 1951). Mr. cluded on the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. Franco Spain as shown by a letterhead and Dickerson, identified as president of the Chi­ The organization was cited previously by the mimeographed letter of April 28, 1949. He cago Urban League, was a sponsor of a din­ Attorney General as a Communist orga­ signed a petition of the Spanish Refugee ner given by the Midwest Committee for the nization (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, Appeal of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Protection of Foreign Born for Pearl Hart 1942, p. 7687). The Special Committee on Committee to President Truman 'to bar (Daily Worker, Apr. 6, 1950, p. 4). A letter­ Un-American Activities, in its report of milltary aid to or alliance with fascist head of the sixth annual conference of the March 29, 1944 (pp. 6 and 55), cited the Citi­ Spain' as shown by a mimeographed peti­ Midwest Committee for the Protection of zens' Committee To Free Earl Browder as tion, attached to a letterhead of the group the Foreign Born dated May 16, 1954, Chi­ follows: When Earl Browder (then general dated May 18, 1951. cago, listed Earl B. Dickerson as a sponsor. secretary, Communist Party) was in Atlanta "The Attorney General cited the Joint "The Attorney General cited the American Penitentiary serving a sentence involving Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee as subver­ Committee for Protection of Foreign Born his fraudulent passports, the Communist sive and Communist in letters released as subversive and Communist in letters re­ Party's front which agitated for his release December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; leased June 1 and September 21, 1948; redes­ was known as the Citizens' Committee To redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on ignated April 27, 1953, and included on the Free Earl Browder. the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The Special "An open letter demanding discharge of Special Committee on Un-American Activi­ Committee on Un-American Activities in its Communist Party defendants in Fulton and ties, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 174), report of March 29, 1944 (p. 166), cited the Livingston Counties contained the name of cited the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com­ American Committee for Protection of For­ Earl B. Dickerson in the list of persons who mittee as a Oommunist-front organization. eign Born as 'cme of the oldest auxiliaries signed, according to the Daily Worker of Sep­ "Mr. Dickerson was chairman of the nu­ of the Communist_ Party in the United tember 24, 1940, page 5. He was attorney nois Legislative and Defense Committee of States.' for Eugene Dennis, general secretary, Com­ the International Labor Defense, as shown "In 1942 Earl B. Dickerson was a patron of munist Party, as shown in the Daily Worker in Equal Justice, September, 1939 (p. 3). He the Congress of American-Soviet Friendship, of November 19, 1947, page 7, being identi­ spoke before the International Labor De· as shown on a letterhead of the congress, fied in this source as a former member of fense, together with Earl Browder, accord­ dated October 27, 1942; he was named in the city council, Chicago. Reference to Earl ing to the Dally Worker of October 1, 1942 Soviet Russia Today (December 1942 issue, Dickerson as attorney for Eugene D~nnis (p. 5); October 6, 1942 (p. 5); and October p. 42) as one of the sponsors of the Congress appears in the Worker, November 30, 1947, 11, 1942 (p. 3). The pamphlet Victory in of American-Soviet Friendship; the call to page 4; the Daily Worker of January 15, 1948, Oklahoma, October 1943, back cover, listed the Congress of American-Soviet Friendship, page 5; and the Daily Worker of October 27, Earl B. Dickerson as a member of the Na­ November 6-8, 1943, listed Earl B. Dickerson 1948, page 10, in which source he is identified tional Committee of the International Labor among the sponsors. He signed a statement as a Negro leader, of Chicago. Defense. of the National Council of American-Soviet "Earl B. Dickerson was a sponsor of the "The Attorney General cited the Interna­ Friendship, praising Wallace's open letter to American Peace Crusade, Illinois assembly, tional Labor Defense as subversive and Stalin, May 1948, as shown in a pamphlet, as shown by a letterhead dated April 12, Communist in letters released June 1 and How To End the Cold War and Build the 1951, the Illinois Peace Crusade, May 1951 September 21, 1948; redes-ignated April 27, Peace, page 9. He was identified in the last­ (p. 4), and a photostat of a letterhead dated 1953, and included on the April 1, 1954, con­ named source as an attorney at law, Chicago. June 21, 1952. He was a sponsor of the solidated list. The organization was cited A photostatic copy of a letterhead of the American People's Congress and Exposition previously by the Attorney General as the Chicago Council of American-Soviet Friend­ for Peace, held by the American Peace Cru­ 'legal arm of the Communist Party,• (CoN­ ship dated September 17, 1951, listed Earl sade in Chicago, Ill., June 29, 30, and July GRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, p. B. Dickerson as a sponsor of that group. A 1, 1951, as shown by a leaflet, An Invitation 7687). The Committee on Un-America.n photostat of a letter of the national council to American Labor To Participate in a Peace Activities, in its report of September 2, 1947 dated March 19, 1952, listed Mr. Dickerson as Congress, the call to the American People's (pp. 1 and 2), cited the International Labor a sponsor. Congress, and the leaflet, American People's Defense as 'part of an international net­ "The Attorney General cited the National Congress • • • Invites You To Participate in work of organizations for the defense of Council of American-Soviet Friendship as a National Peace Competition, June 20, 1951, Communist lawbreakers.• subversive and Communist in letters released Chicago, Ill. He was a sponsor of a contest 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13611 held by the American · Peace Crusade for "The Attorney General of the United States nated pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. songs, essays, and paintip.gs advancing the cited the American Committee for Protection The group was cited previously by the At­ theme of world peace as reported in the of Foreign Born as subversive and Commu­ torney General as 'part of what Lenin called Daily Worker, May 1, 1951 (p. 11): nist in letters furnished the Loyalty Review the solar system of organizations, ostensibly "The Attorney General included the Amed~ Board and released to the press by the U.S. having no connection with the Communist can Peace Crusade on his January 22, 1954, Civil Service Commission June 1 and Sep­ Party, by which Communists attempt to list of organizations desig:iui.ted pursuant to tember 21, 1948. The. group was redesig­ create sympathizers and supporters of their Executive Order No. 10450, and on the April nated by the Attorney General April 29, 1953, program' (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 1, 1954, consolidated list. The Committee on pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450. 24, 1942, p. 7687). The special committee, Un-American Activities, in its statement The Special Committee on Un-American Ac­ in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. 50), cited issued on the March of Treason, February tivities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. the federation as one of the viciously sub­ 19, 1951, and report on the Communist Peace 155), cited the committee as 'one of the old­ versive organizations of the Communist Offensive April 1, 1951 (p. 51), cited the est auxiliaries of the Communist Party in the Party. The Committee on Un-American Ac­ American Peace Crusade as an organization United States.' tivities, in its report on September 2, 1947 which the Communists established as a new "Benjamin E. Mays, president, Morehouse (p. 3), cited the federation as among a maze instrument for their peace offensive in the College, was a member of the initiating com­ of organizations which were spawned for United States and which was heralded by mittee for a Congress on Civil Rights which the alleged purpose of defending civil liber­ the Daily Worker with the usual bold head­ was held in Detroit, April 27 and 28, 1946. ties in general but actually intended to pro­ lines reserved for projects in line with the (See, Urgent Summons to a Congress on tect Communist subversion from any pen­ Communist objectives. Civil Rights.) He was an honorary national alties under the law. "Masses and Mainstream for February 1952 chairman of the Civil Rights Congress, New "Letterheads, dated June 12, 1947, and Au­ (pp. 52-56) listed Earl B. Dickerson as co­ York, as shown by an undated letterhead gust 11, 1947, of the Southern Negro Youth author of an amici curiae brief to the su­ concerning a conference held October 11, Congress, list Dr. Mays as a member of the preme Court supporting an appeal for a re­ 1947. He signed a call for a national confer­ advisory board. A leaflet of the organization hearing of its decision upholding the Smit.h ence of the Civil Rights Congress to be held (exhibit 46, public hearings, July 22, 1947, Act, dated September 27, 1951. in Chicago (Daily Worker, Oct. 21, 1947, p. 5). Steele) also contained the name of Dr. Ben­ "According to the April 30, 1950, issue of "The Civil Rights Congress was cited as jamin Mays. the Worker (p. 15), Earl B. Dickerson was a subversive and Communist by the Attorney "The Southern Negro Youth Congress was sponsor of the Midcentury Conference for General in letters released December 4, 1947, cited as subversive and among the affiliates Peace, cited by the Committee on Un-Ameri­ and September 21, 1948. The group was re­ and committees of the Communist Party, can Activities as a meeting· held in Chicago, designated pursuant to Executive Order No. U. S. A., which seeks to alter the form of May 29 and 30, 1950, by th13 Committee for 10450. The Committee on Un-American Ac­ government of the United States by un­ Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact tivities, in its report of September 2, 1947 constitutional means by the Attorney Gen­ and as having been 'aimed at assembling as (pp. 2 and 19), cited the Civil Rights Con­ eral in a letter released December 4, 1947. many gullible persons as possible under Com­ gress as an organization formed in April The group was redesignated pursuant to mimist direction and turning them into a 1946 as a merger of two other Communist­ Executive Order No. 10450. The special com­ vast sounding board for Communist propa­ front organizations (International Labor mittee in its report of January 3, 1940 (p. 9), ganda' (report on Communist peace offensive, Defense and the National Federation for cited the organization as a Communist front. Apr. 1, 1951, p. 58). Constitutional Liberties); 'dedicated not to The Committee on Un-American Activities, "Earl B. Dickerson was a sponsor of the the broader issues of civil liberties, but spe­ in its report of April 17, 1947 (p. 14), cited National Committee To Defeat the Mundt cifically to the defense of individual Com­ the Southern Negro Youth Congress as sur­ Bill as shown by the pamphlet, Hey, Brother, munists and the Communist Party' and reptitiously controlled by the Young Com­ There's 8: Law Against You (p. 2); a release 'controlled by individuals who are either munist League. of June 15, 1949 (p. 2), and a photostat of a members of the Communist Party or openly "The Daily Worker, April 27, 1947 (p. 24), letterhead dated May 5, 1950. He signed a loyal to it.' reported that Dr. Benjamin E. Mays, Geor­ statement of the organization according to "Dr. Benjamin E. Mays, president, More­ gia, signed a statement against the ban on the Daily Worker of April 3, 1950 (p. 4). house College, Atlanta, Ga., signed a state­ the Communist Party. He signed a state­ "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ ment by the National Council of American­ ment against the North Atlantic Pact, ac­ ties, in its report on the National Committee Soviet Friendship in praise of Wallace's open cording to the Daily Worker of June 28, 1949 To Defeat the Mundt Bill, December 7, 1950, letter to Stalin, May 1948 (pamphlet, How (p. 2). He spoke at a conference on 'Jim cited the organization as 'a registered lob­ To End the Cold War and Build the Peace, Crow in the Nation's Capital' (Daily Worker, bying organization which has carried out p. 9). A leaflet, 'End the Cold War-Get December 21, 1950, p. 8) ." the objectives of the Communist Party in its Together for Peace' (December 1948), fight against antisubversive legislation.' named Benjamin E. Mays as one of the "OCTOBER 25, 1955. "Earl B. Dickerson signed a letter defending signers of the National Council's appeal to "Subject: A. T. Walden, national legal com­ the 12 Communist leaders, as shown on a the U.S. Government to end the cold war mittee, NAACP, 1961. letterhead, dated January 7, 1949; he later and arrange a conference with the Soviet "The public records, files, and publications signed a statement asking for the release of Union. He was a member of the Sponsoring the Communist leaders, as shown in the Daily of this committee contain the following in­ Committee of the National Council of Ameri­ formation concerning the subject individual. Worker of November 8, 1949 (p. 6). He can-Soviet Friendship, Committee on Educa­ signed a brief on behalf of the attorneys who This report should not be construed as repre­ tion, as shown by a bulletin of the group, senting the results of an investigation by or represented the Communist leaders, as shown dated June 1945 (p. 22). in the Daily Worker of November 2, 1949 findings of this committee. It should be (p. 2); he signed a statement on behalf of "The National Council of American-Soviet noted that the individual is not necessarily the attorneys, as shown in the Daily Worker Friendship was cited as subversive and Com­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or of December 7, 1949 (p. 5); he represented munist by the Attorney General in letters a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. the attorneys who represented the 11 Com­ released December 4, 1947, and September 21, "The Daily Worker of October 7, 1952 (p. munist leaders, according to the Daily Work­ 1948. The group was redesignated pursuant 3), reported that A. T. Walden, Georgia, was er of January 24, 1950 (p. 3) ." to Executive Order No. 10450. The special to lead the National Lawyers Guild work­ Committee on Un-American Activities, in its shop discussions at a national conference on "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. report of March 29, 1944 (p. 156), cited the civil rights, legislation, and discrimination, "Subject: Benjamin E. Mays, national board National Council of American-Soviet Friend­ New York City, October 10, 11, and 12. of directors, NAACP, 1954. ship as 'in recent months, the Communist "The Special Committee on Un-American Party's principal front for all things Rus­ "The pub~ic records, files, and publications Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. of this committee contain· the following sian. • • •• 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild as a information concerning the subject indi­ "Dr. Mays signed an open letter sponsored Communist-front organization. The Com­ vidual. This report should not be con­ by the National Federation for Constitutional mittee on Un-American Activities, in its strued as representing the results of an in­ Liberties denouncing U.S. Attorney General report on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ vestigation by or findings of this committee. Biddle's charges against Harry Bridges (Daily tember 17, 1950, cited the group as a Com­ It should be noted that the individual is not Worker, July 19, 1942, p. 4); booklet, 'Six munist front which is the foremost legal necessarily a Communist, a Communist sym­ Hundred Prominent Americans,' p. 25). He bulwark of the Communist Party; its front pathizer, or a fellow traveler unless other­ also signed a statement sponsored by this organizations and controlled . unions and wise indicated. organization hailing the War Department's which since its inception has never failed to "The Daily Worker, March 4, 1948 (p. 2), order on commissions for the Communists, rally to the legal defense of the Communist named Benjamin E. Mays as one of the sign­ as shown by the Daily Worker, March 18, Party and individual members thereof, in­ ers of a letter in behalf of Communist de­ 1945 (p. 2). cluding known espionage agents. portation cases, which was sponsored by the "The National Federation for Constitu­ "A mimeographed letter addressed to the American Committee for Protection of For­ tional Liberties was cited as subversive and House of Representatives, May 12, 1948, in­ eign Born. A letterhead of the group con­ Communist by the Attorney General in cluded a list of signers opposing the Mundt tained. his name as one of the sponsors letters released December 4, 1947, and Sep­ anti-Communist bill. Austin T. Waldello (letterhead December 11 ·and 12, 1948). tember 21, 1948. · The group was redesig- Georgia, was one of those signers." 13612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 "OCTOBER 25, 1955. OCTOBER 13, 1955. Committee on '(Tn-American Activities, in its "Subject: Arthur D. Shores, national legal "Subject: Lloyd Garrison, chairman, national report on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ committee, NAACP,1961. legal committee, NAACP, 1961. tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as a "The public records, files, and publications "The public records, files, and publications Communist front wpich 'is the foremost of this committee contain the following in­ of this committee contain the following in­ legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its formation concerning the subject individual. formation concerning the subject individual. front organizations, and controlled unions' This report should not be construed as repre­ This report should !lOt be construed as rep­ and which 'since its inception has never senting the results of an investigation by or resenting the results of an investigation by failed to rally to the legal defense of the findings of this committee. It should be or findings of this committee. It should be Communist Party and individual mem"Jers noted that the individual is not necessarily noted that the individual is not necessarily thereof, including known espionage agents.' a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or a "The pamphlet of the Second National a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. Negro Congress, October 1937, listed Lloyd "According to letterheadJ of the Southern "Lloyd K. Garrison was a member of the Garrison as one of those who sent greetings Negro Youth Congress, dated June 12 and National Committee of the International Ju­ to the congress. August 11, 1947, Arthur D. Shores was a mem­ dicial Association according to a letterhead "'The Communist-front movement in the ber of the advisory board of this organiza­ of the organization dated May 18, 1942, and United States among Negroes is known as tion. A page from an undated leaflet of the the leaflet, What is the I. J. A.? Lloyd K. the National Negro Congress. • • • The of­ orga!lization also listed Mr. Shores as a mem­ Garrison, dean, University of Wisconsin Law ficers of the National Negro Congress are out­ ber of the advisory board. Arthur Shores, School, commended the International Jurid­ spoken Communist sympathizers, and a ma­ Negro attorney, was associated with Nesbitt ical Association bulletin in that pamphlet. jority of those on the executive board are Elmore in the defense of Senator Glen H. "The special Committee on Un-American outright Communists' (Special Committee Taylor, of Idaho, who was fined $50 and Activities, in its report dated March 29, 1944 on Un-American Activities, report, January ordered a 180-day suspended jail sentence (p. 149), cited the International Juridical 3, 1939, p. 81; also cited in reports, January 3, for defying Birmingham's segregation laws Association as a 'Communist front and off­ 1940, p. 9; June 25, 1942, p. 20; and March at a meeting of the Southern Negro Youth shoot of the International Labor Defense.' 29, 1944, p. 180). The Attorney General cited Congress in Alabama (Daily Worker, May 6, The Committee on Un-American Activities, the National Negro Congress as subversive 1948,p. 4). in its report on the National Lawyers Guild, and Communist in letters released December "The Southern Negro Youth Congress was September 17, 1950 (p. 12}, cited the Inter­ 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; redesignated cited by the Committee on Un-American Ac­ national Juridical Association as an organi­ April 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, tivities as 'surreptitiously controlled' by the zation which 'actively defended Communists 1954, consolidated list. The Attorney Gen­ Young Communist League (report 271, Apr. and consistently followed the Communist eral cited the organization previously as a 17, 1947, p. 14). The special Committee on Party line.' Communist-front organization as shown by Un-American Activities, in its report dated "The Daily Worker for March 18, 1945 the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of September 24, January 3, 1940, page 9, cited the Congress (p. 2), and an undated leaflet, 'The only 1942 (pp. 7687 and 7688). as a Communist front. The Attorney Gen­ sound policy for a Democracy,' listed Lloyd K. "The Daily Worker for February 23, 1939 (p. eral of the United States cited the Southern Garrison, National War Labor Board, as one 3) reported that Lloyd Garrison spoke at a Negro Youth Congress as subversive and of the signers of a statement sponsored by conference of the Wisconsin Conference on among the affiliates and committees of the the National Federation for Constitutional Social Legislation, Madison, Wis., February Communist Party, United States of America, Liberties hailing the War Department order 18, 1939. The Attorney General cited the which seeks to alter the form of government on commissions for the Communists. A Wisconsin Conference on Social Legislation of the United States by unconstitutional photograph of Mr. Garrison is found in the as subversive and Communist in letters re­ means (letter furnished the Loyalty Review Daily Worker reference. leased June 1 and September 21, 1948; re­ Board, released to the press by the United "The Attorney General of the United States designated April 27, 1953, and included on States Civil Service Commission, Dec. 4, cited the National Federation for Constitu­ the April 1, 1954, consolidated list."' 1947); the Attorney General redesignated tional Liberties as subversive and Communist the congress pursuant to Executive Order in letters to the Loyalty Review Board, re­ "OCTOBER 25, 1955. No. 10450 of April 27, 1953, and included it leased December 4, 1947, and September 21, "Subject: Sidney A. Jones, national legal on the April 1, 1954, consolidated list of or­ 1948. The Attorney General redesignated the · committee, NAACP, 1954. ganizations previously designated. organization April 27, 1953, pursuant to Ex­ "The public records, files, and publications "Arthur D. Shores, prominent Negro attor­ ecutive Order No. 10450, and included it on of this committee contain the following in­ ney, told the Daily Worker that 'outlawing the April 1, 1954, consolidated list of organi­ formation concerning the subject individ­ the Communist Party would "pave the way zations previously designated. The organiza­ ual. This report should not be construed for a one-party dictatorship in this coun­ tion was cited previously by the Attorney as representing the results of an investiga­ try"' (Daily Worker, March 19, 1947, p. 5). General as 'part of what Lenin called the tion by or findings of this committee. It "The Worker for December 14, 1947 (p. 8, solar system of organizations, ostensibly hav­ should be noted that the individual is not southern edition), reported that Arthur ing no connection with the Communist Party, necessarily a Communist, a Communist sym­ Shores, identified as a leading Negro civil­ by which Communists attempt to create pathizer, or a fellow traveler unless other­ rights lawyer, was assisting in the case of sympathizers and supporters of their pro­ wise indicated. Mrs. Ruby Jackson Gainor, 'outstanding gram * * *' (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sep­ "Sidney A. Jones, attorney, was an endorser Negro teacher fired by the Jefferson County tember 24, 1942, p. 7687) . The special Com­ of the National Negro Congress as shown Board of Education. • • • Mrs. Jackson is mittee on Un-American Activities, in its on the call for National Negro Congress, in the leading petitioner in contempt-of-court report on March 29, 1944 (p. 50), cited the Chicago, Ill., February 14, 1936. proceedings against the board for its refusal National Federation for Constitutional Liber­ "The Attorney General of the United States to equalize salaries of Negro teachers in ties as 'one of the viciously subversive or­ cited the National Negro Congress as sub­ accord with a Federal court decree • • • .' ganizations of the Communist Party.' The versive and Communist in letters to the The article, which identified Mrs. Gainor as Committee on Un-American Activities, in its Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, president of the Birmingham teachers' local report of September 2, 1947 (p. 3), cited the 1947, and September 21, 1948; redesignated of the United Public Workers, also reported: National Federation for Constitutional Liber­ April 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order 'The outcome of Mrs. Gainor's case has be­ ties as among a 'maze of organizations' No. 10450, and included on the April 1, come the keystone of the fight of all the which were 'spawned for the alleged purpose 1954, consolidated list of organizations pre­ Negro teachers in Jefferson County for equal of defending civil liberties in general but ac­ viously designated. The organization was tually intended to protect Communist sub­ cited previously by the Attorney General pay. The United Public Workers nationally version from any penalties under the law.' is supporting the fight • • (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, *." "Lloyd K. Garrison, MaQ.ison, Wis., former It is noted that the United Public Workers pp. 7687-7688). The special Committee on Chairman of NLRB, was listed as a member Un-American Activities, in its report of Jan­ of America was formed in 1946 by a merger of of the Committee on Legal Research and the State, County, and Municipal Workers uary 3, 1939 (p. 81), cited the National Negro Legal Education of the National Lawyers Congress as 'The Communist-front move­ of America and the United Federal Workers Guild and his book was reviewed in the news­ ment in the United States among Ne­ of America. Both of these unions were cited letter of the National Lawyers Guide, July by the Special Committee on Un-American groes. • • •• 1937 (pp. 2-3). Convention News, May 1941 "It was reported in the Daily People's Activities in its report of March 29, 1944 (pp.· 3 and 4) published by the National (pp. 18 and 19), as among the CIO unions World of December 2, 1947 (p. 4), that Sidney Lawyers Guild for the fifth annual conven­ A. Jones, Jr., was vice president of the Chi­ in which the committee found Communist tion, listed Lloyd K. Garrison as a member of cago Chapter o:( the National Lawyers Guild, leadership strongly entrenched. The Con­ the convention nominations committee of and was further identified as being asso­ gress of Industrial Organizations, by vote of the fifth annual convention, Book-Cadillac ciated with the National Association for Ad­ the executive board, February 15, 1950, ex.;, Hotel, Detroit, Mich., May 29 to June 1, 1941. vancement of Colored People, Urban League, pelled the United Public Workers of America, "The special Committee on Un-American Chicago. Mr. Jones was shown as an execu­ effective March 1, 1950, on charges of Com­ Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 tive board member of the National Lawyers munist domination (press release, 12th CIO (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild Guild from Chicago as of December 1949 and convention, November 2Q-24, 1950) .'' as a Communist-front organization. The May 1950 in the Committee on Un-American 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13613 Activities report on the National Lawyers Howard University, Washington, D.C., as a as being among a 'maze of organizations' Guild, s 'eptember 17, 1950 ·(pp. 18-19). member. which were 'spawned for the alleged purpose "The special Committee on Un-American "The Attorney · General of· the United of defending civil liberties in general but Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 States cited the Washington Book Shop As­ actually intended to protect Communist sub­ (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild sociation ·as subversive and Communist in version from any penalties under the law' as a Communist-front organization. The letters to the Loyalty Review Board, released (Committee on Un-American Activities, re­ Committee on Un-American Activities, in December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; port,Sept.2, 1947,p.3). its report on the National Lawyers Guild, redesignated April 27, 1953, pursuant to Ex­ "Arthur Mandell was a member of the res­ September 17, 1950, cited the group as a ecutive Order No. 10450, and included on olutions committee at the Congress on Civil Communist front which 'is the foremost the April 1, 1954, consolidated list of orga­ Rights in Detroit, Mich., April 27-28, 1946, legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its nizations previously cited. The organization as shown by a mimeographed release issued front organizations, and controlled unions' was cited previously by the Attorney Gen­ by the congress; and Arthur J. Mandell, and which 'since its inception has never eral as a Communist-front (CoNGRESSIONAL Houston, was listed as a sponsor of the Na­ f ailed to rally to the legal defense of the RECORD, September 24, 1942, p. 7688). The tional Conference of the Civil Rights Con­ Communist Party and individual members special Committee on Un-American Activi­ gress in Chicago, November 21-23, 1947, in thereof, including known espionage agents.' ties, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. the printed program, Let Freedom Ring. The "The Daily Worker of April 3, 1950 (p. 4), 150), cited the Washington Book Shop As­ Civil Rights Congress has been cited as a listed Sidney A. Jones, attorney, Chicago, Ill., sociation as a Communist-front organiza­ subversive and Communist organization by as one who signed a statement of the Na­ tion." the Attorney General (letters released De­ tional Committee To Defeat the Mundt Bill. cember 4, _1947, and September 21, 1948; also A photostat of a letterhead of the National "OCTOBER 25, 1955. redesig ated, see consolidated list, April 1, Committee To Defeat the Mundt Bill (Chi­ "Subject: Arthur J. Mandell, national legal 1954; and, as an organization formed in cago chapter), dated May 5, 1950, listed Sid­ committee, NAACP, 1954. April 1946 by merger of two other Commu­ ney A. Jones as a Chicago sponsor of the "The public records, files, and publications nist-front organizations (International Labor organization. of this committee contain the following Defense and the National Federation for Con­ "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ information concerning the subject individ­ stitutional Liberties), 'dedicated not to the ties, in its report on the National Commit­ ual. This report should not be construed as broader issues of civil liberties, but specif­ tee To Defeat the Mundt Bill, December 7, representing the results of an investigation ically to the defense of individual Commu­ 1950, cited the organization as 'a registered by or findings of this committee . It should nists and the Communist Party,' and lobbying organization which has carried out be noted that the individual is not neces­ 'controlled by individuals who are either the objectives of the Communist Party in sarily a Communist, a Communist sympa­ members of the Communist Party or openly its fight against antisubversive legislation.' thizer, or a fellow traveler unless otherwise loyal to it' (Committee on Un-American Ac­ "Sidney Jones, vice president of the Na­ indicated. tivities, House Report No. 1115, Sept. 2, 1947, tional Association for Advancement of Col­ "The News Letter of the National Lawyers pp. 2 and 19) ." ored People, sent greetings to Paul Robeson Guild, July 1937 (p. 2), named Arthur Man­ according to the Daily Worker of April 29, dell, Houston, Tex., as a member of the "OCTOBER 26, 1955. 1947 (p. 12) . . He signed Labor Day greetings Guild's committee on American citizenship, to the Daily People's World, which appeared "Subject: Robert W. Kenny, national legal immigration, and naturalization; and a copy committee, NAACP, 1961 in the August 29, 1947 (p. 4), issue of that of the 1939 membership list of the National paper; signed statement by Negro Ameri­ "The public records, files, and publications Lawyers Guild, made available to the special of this committee contain the following in­ cans, in behalf of arrested Communist lead­ Committee on Un-American Activities by the ers (the Worker of August 29, 1948, p. formation concerning the subject individ­ organization, contained the name of Arthur ual. This report should not be construed 11); and he signed a statement on release Mandel, Shell Building, Houston, Tex. of Communist leaders, and was identified as representing the results of an investiga­ "The National Lawyers Guild was cited as a tion by or findings of this committee. It as a Negro attorney in Chicago as noted Communist front by the special Committee in the Daily Worker of November 8, 1949 should be noted that the individual is not on Un-American Activities (report, Mar. 29, necessarily a Communist, a Communist (p. 6). 1944, p. 149); and it was the subject of a "The Daily Worker of December 25, 1952 sympathizer, or a fellow traveler unless separate report by the Committee on Un­ otherwise indicated. (p. 8), listed Sidney Jones, attorney, Chi­ American Activities (H. Rept. No. 3123, cago, as a signer of an open letter to Presi­ Sept. 21, 1950), wherein it was cited as "Reference to Robert W. Kenny is found in dent Truman asking clemency for the Rosen­ a Communist front which 'is the foremost the appendix to this committee's public bergs." legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its hearings regarding communism in the front organizations, and controlled unions' United States Government, part 2, Septem­ "OCTOBER 25, 1955. and which 'since its inception has never ber 1950 (pp. 2991-2992), as follows: "Subject: W. Robert Ming, Jr., national legal failed to rally to the legal defense of the "'Robert W. Kenny: Kenny, attorney gen­ committee, NAACP, 1954. Communist Party and individual members eral of State of California during the years "The public records, files, and publications thereof, including known espionage agents.' 1943-47 and president of the National of this committee contain the following in­ "Arthur J. Mandell, attorney, Houston, Lawyers Guild during the years 1940-48, has formation concerning the subject individual. Tex., was shown in the call to the First Con­ been associated with the defense of a num­ This report should not be construed as repre­ gress of the Mexican and Spanish American ber of Communist cases. He was also one senting the results of an investigation by or Peoples of the United States, March 24-26, of the attorneys for the Hollywood 10. He findings of this committee. It should be 1939, Albuquerque, N. Mex., as one of the sent greetings to the Biennial National noted that the individual is not necessarily signers of that call. The Congress of the Conference of the International Labor De­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or Mexican and Spanish American Peoples * * * fense held April 4-6, 1941; this organiza­ a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. was cited as a Communist front by the spe­ tion was cited by the former Attorney Gen­ "An election campaign letter of the Na­ cial Committee on Un-American Activities eral Francis Biddle as the 'legal arm of the tional Lawyers Guild, dated May 18, 1940, (report, Mar. 29, 1944, p. 120). Communist Party.' listed Robert W. Ming, Jr., as the candidate "A leafiet, attached to an undated letter­ "'The American Committee for Protection for delegate to the national convention, head of the National Federation for Consti­ of Foreign Born has specialized in the legal Washington, D.C., chapter. Robert Ming, tutional Liberties, named Arthur J. Mandell, defense of foreign-born Communists such Jr., Washington, D.C., was a member of the attorney, Houston, Tex., as a signer of the as Gerhard Eisler. Kenny was a sponsor convention nominations committee, fifth organization's January 1943 message to the of its national conference held in Ohio on annual convention of the National Lawyers House of Representatives. The National October 25-26, 1947, and again in 1950. He Guild, Book-Cadillac Hotel, Detroit, Mich., Federation for Constitutional Liberties has spoke in behalf of Communists held for de­ May 29 to June 1, 1941. been cited as being subversive and Commu­ portation, according to the Daily People's "The special Committee on Un-American nist (Attorney General letters released World, Communist publication, dated March Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; 8, 1948. (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild also redesignated by the Attorney General "'On repeated occasions, Mr. Kenny has as a Communist-front organization. The pursuant to Executive Order 10450, see con­ attacked the trial of the 11 Communist Committee on Un-American Activities, in its solidated list, April 1, 1954); as 'part of what leaders convicted for teaching and advocat­ report on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ Lenin called the solar system of organiza­ ing the overthrow of the Government of tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as a tions, ostensibly having no connection with the United States by force and violence, Communist front which 'is the foremost the Communist Party, by which Communists particularly as reported by the Daily Peo­ legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its attempt to create sympathizers and support­ ple's World of July 22, 1948, and the Worker front organizations and controlled unions' ers of their program' (Attorney General, of October 30, 1949. and which 'since its inception has never CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, p. "'He signed a statement in behalf of ar­ failed to rally to the legal defense of the 7687); as 'one of the viciously subversive or­ rested leaders of the Communist Party of Communist Party and individual members ganizations of the Communist Party' (special Los Angeles, according to the Daily Worker thereof, including known espionage agents.' Committee . on Un-American Activities, re­ of. October 19, 1949, and the Daily People's "A 1941 membership list of the Wash.ing­ port, Mar. 29, 1944, p. 50; also cited in re­ World of November 7, 1949. Statements op­ ton Book Shop listed Robert W. Ming, Jr., ports, June 25, 1942, and Jan. 2, 1943) ; and posing the outlawing or restricting of the 13614 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE July 29 Communist Party have been signed by Rob­ "I regret very much that I will not be pres­ previously as a Communist publication in ert W. Kenny and have appeared frequently ent to take an active part in the struggle reports of the special Committee on Un­ ln the Communist press. Mr. Kenny has op­ that Negroes must wage to pile up a huge American Activities, dated January 3, 1939, posed Government loyalty procedures on var­ vote for William Z. Foster and James W. and June 25, 1942. ious occasions. Ford, Communist candidates for President "As shown by an undated letterhead of " 'On the eve of the 1947 May Day celebra­ and Vice President. Book Union, Inc., Loren Miller was a mem­ tion, Pravda, the official newspaper of the • • ber of its advisory council. The special Communist Party of the Soviet Union, hailed "It must be evident to anybody who thinks Committee on Un-American Activities, in Robert W. Kenny as a "friend of the Soviet through the things about which I have been report 1311 of March 29, 1944, cited Book Union in the United States." Another Com­ talking that the Communist Party is our Union as 'distributors of Communist munist government, namely that of China, party. It is fighting our fights, warring literature.' selected Mr. Kenny to defend its legal inter­ against our enemies, struggling for our wel­ "According to a letterhead of August 24, ests, according to the Daily People's World fare. Commonsense dictates that we should 1939, Loren Miller was a member of the of April 26, 1950 (p. 4). support our party with every means at Harry Bridges defense committee, southern "'Robert W. Kenny has a number of affilia­ hand.'' division. tions and associations with Communist­ Loren Miller wrote an article for the Daily "In report 1311 of the special Committee front organizations. These include the Worker while he was traveling in the Soviet on Un-American Activities, dated March 29, American Youth for Democracy (formerly Union with a group of Negro writers, workers, 1944, the Harry Bridges defense committee known as the Young Communist League), etc., observing conditions. This article con­ was cited as one of the Communist fronts the National Committee To Win the Peace, cerned the equality of races in the Soviet formed to oppose deportation of Harry of which he was vice chairman, Civil' Rights Union and appeared in the Daily Worker of Bridges, Communist Party member and Congress, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com­ September 24, 1932 (p. 4). Mr. Miller com­ leader of the San Francisco general strike mittee, American Committee for Yugoslav pared racial equality in the Soviet Union of 1934 which was planned by the Commu­ Relief, Hollywood League for Democratic Ac­ and the United States, stated that the Com­ nist Party. tion, California Labor School, Lawyers Com­ munist Party in the United States was the "As shown in the call for the National mittee on American Relations With Spain, only political party which promised equality, Negro Congress held in Chicago, Ill., Feb­ Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern and concluded as follows: ruary 14, 1936, Loren Miller, Los Angeles, Policy, and the American Slav Congress.' " 'Only the Communists with their Calif., was one of the endorsers of the Na­ "Subsequent to this committee's release straightforward platform on relief for the tional Negro Congress. which contained the above reference to Rob­ por (sic) farmers and workers, their demand " 'From the record of its activities and the ert W. Kenny, he had served as counsel for for self-determination for Negroes in the composition of its (Natio.nal N"egro Congress) 66 witnesses before this committee." Black Belt, and with a Negro, James W. Ford, governing bodies, there can be little doubt as nominee for the Vice Presidency deserve that it has served as what James W. Ford, "OCTOBER 25, 1955. the vote of the Negroes of the United States. Communist vice presidential candidate "Subject: Milton R. Konvitz, national legal It is for these reasons that I wish to renew elected to the executive committee in 1937, committee, NAACP, 1961. my plea to Negroes everywhere in the United predicted: "An important sector of the demo­ "The public records, files, and publications States to vote Communist.' cratic front," sponsored and supported by of this committee contain the following in­ "The Daily Worker of J anuary 26, 1948 the Communist Party' (Attorney General, formation concerning the subject individual. (p. 10), reported that Loren Miller, attorney, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, This report should not be construed as repre­ Los Angeles, defended Claudia Jones, Com­ pp. 7687-7688). The National Negro Con­ senting the results of an investigation by or munist. He signed a statement opposing gress was cited as a Communist front in re­ findings of this committee. It should .be the Mundt anti-Communist bill as shown by ports of the special Committee on Un-Ameri­ noted that the individual is not necessarily the Daily People's World of May 12, 1948 can Activities, dated January 3, 1939, a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or (p. 3). According to the Daily . People's January 3, 1940, June 25, 1942, and March 29, a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. World of July 22, 1948 (p. 3), Loren Miller, 1944. The Attorney General cited the group A membership list of the National Lawyers attorney, Los Angeles, attacked the arrest as subversive and Communist in letters re­ Guild contains the name of Milton Konvitz, of the Communist Party leaders. leased December 4, 1947, and September 21, 744 Broad Street, Newark, N.J. (List in "In the Daily Worker of December 24, 1931 1948; redesignated April 27, 1953, and in­ committee files.) The National Lawyers (p. 3), Loren Miller was named as a reporter cluded on the April 1, 1954, consolidated Guild was cited as a Communist-front orga­ for the Worker. Reference to Loren Miller list. nization by the special Committee on Un­ as a reporter for the Worker appeared in the "Loren Miller, author, was a signer of the American Activities (report, Mar. 29, 1944, Daily Worker of December 21, 1935 (p. 3). open letter to American liberals, as shown p. 149). The organization was cited as a Loren Miller has been a contributor to the in Soviet Russia Today, issue of March 1937 Communist front which 'is the foremost Daily Worker as shown in the issue of May (pp. 14-15). legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its 4, 1938 (p. 7), as well as the two issues " 'In March 1937 a group of well-known front organizations, and controlled unions' already cited. Communists and Communist collaborators and which 'since its inception has never published an open letter bearing the title "The Worker is the Sunday edition of the given above. The letter was a defense of failed to rally to the legal defense of the Daily Worker, which was cited as 'official Communist Party and individual members the Moscow purge trials' (report of the spe­ Communist Party, U.S.A., organ' by the cial Committee on Un-American Activities, thereof, including known espionage agents' Committee on Un-American Activities in re­ (Committee on Un-American Activities, re­ June 25, 1942). port 1920, dated May 11, 1948. The publica­ "As shown in the proceedings of the Second port on the National Lawyers Guild, Sept. tion was cited as 'chief journalistic mouth­ 21, 1950) ." United States Congress Against War and piece of the Communist Party' by the Fascism, held in Chicago, Ill., September 28, special Committee on Un-American Activities 29, 30, 1934, under auspices of the American "OcTOBER 25, 1955. in report 1311 of March 29, 1944; it had pre­ League Against War and Fascism, the report "Subject: Loren Miller, national vice presi­ viously been cited as a Communist publica­ of the publications committee was presented dent and national legal committee, tion in reports of the special Committee on by Loren Miller. (See public hearings, ap­ NAACP, 1961. Un-American Activities, dated January 3, pendix, vol. 10, p. 22.) "The public records, files, and publications 1939, January 3, 1940, January 3, 1941, and "'The American League Against War and of this committee contain the following in­ June 25, 1942. Fascism was formally organized at the First formation concerning the subject individual. "Loren Miller was named as editor of New United States Congress Against War and This report should not be construed as repre­ Masses in the issue of August 20, 1935 (p. Fascism held in New York City, September senting the results of an investigation by or 5), and as associate editor in the issue of 29 to October 1, 1933. • • • The program of findings of this committee. It should be January 14, 1936 (p. 5). He was shown as the first congress called for the end of the noted that the individual is not necessarily contributing editor in the following issues Roosevelt policies of imperialism and for a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or of New Masses: June 2, 1936 (p. 5), January the support of the peace policies of the So­ a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. 5, 1937 (p. 22), May 11, 1937 (p. 9), Septem­ viet Union, for opposition to all attempts to "One Loren Miller, 837 East 24th Street, Los ber 7, 1937 (p. 9), January 11, 1938 (p. 9), weaken the Soviet Union. • • • Subsequent Angeles, Calif., was a signer of Communist and September 20, 1938 (p. 14). He was a congresses in 1934 and 1936 reflected the Party election petition No. 120 in California contributor to New Masses, as shown in the same program' (Attorney General, CONGRES­ in 1932. issue of August 20, 1935 (p. 26), and was SIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, p. 7683 ) . "An article entitled 'Why I Will Vote named as a contributor to New Masses in the " The American League Against War and "Red" • written by Loren Miller appeared in Daily Worker of April 3, 1963 (p. 3). Fascism was 'established in the United the Daily Worker of July 11, 1932 (p. 4). In "New Masses was cited as a 'Communist States in an effort to create public senti­ a note which accompanies this article, the periodical' by the Attorney General of the ment on behalf of a foreign policy adapted following information is given concerning United States (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sep­ to the interests of the Soviet Union• (At­ the author: 'Loren Miller, until recently city tember 24, 1942, p. 7688). It was cited as a torney General, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sep­ editor of the California Eagle, Los Angeles, 'national circulated weekly journal of the tember 24, 1942, p. 7683) . The Attorney Calif., largest and oldest of western Negro Communist Party' by the special Committee General cited the American League Against newspapers, is now en route to the Soviet on Un-American Activities in report 1311 of War and Fascism as subversive and Commu­ Union.' Excerpts from this article follow: March 29, 1944. New Masses had been cited nist in letters to the Loyalty Review Board, 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13615 released December 4, 1947, and September Public Service on a letterhead {photostat nization. 'In 1937-38, the Communist Party 21, 1948; redesignated April 27,.1953, and in­ dated September 8, 1930). threw itself wholeheartedly into the cam­ cluded on the April 1, 1954, consolidated-list "The· American Fund for Public Service paign for the support of the Spanish Loy­ of organizations previously designated. The (Garland Fund) was 'established in alist ·cause, recruiting men and organizing organization was cited by the special Com­ 1922 • • • it was a major source for the multifarious so-called relief organizations' mittee on Un-American Activities as a Com­ financing of Communist Party enterprise' such as the MedicRl Bureau and North Amer­ munist front in reports of the special Com­ such as the Daily Worker and New Masses, ican Committee To Aid Spanish Democracy mittee on Un-American Activities, dated omcial Communist publications, Federated (report of the special committee dated January 3, 1939, January 3, 1940, June 25, Press, Russian Reconstruction Farms, and March 2.9, 1944, p. 82). 1942, and March 29, 1944. International Labor Defense. Willlam z. "Morris -L. Ernst, identified as treasurer, "In connection with the testimony of Har­ Foster, present chairman, Communist Party, American Fund for Public Service, was per L. Knowles and Ray E. Nimmo before and Scott_Nearing, a leading writer for the shown as a stockholder of New Masses on a the special Committee on Un-American Ac­ party, served on the board of directors of the photostatic copy of the statement of owner­ tivities on ·October 25, 1938, a brief relating fund (special Committee on Un-American ship of that publication, dated October 1, to activities of the Communist Party among Activities, report of March 29, 1944, pp. 75 1930. New Masses was cited as a 'Commu­ professional groups was presented and in­ and 76). nist periodical' by the Attorney General corporated in the record. In this brief !..oren "A letterhead of the American League for (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, Miller is described as 'contributing editor Peace and Democracy (a photostat dated p. 7688) and as the 'nationally circulated to New Masses and a member of the Com­ April 6, 1939) carried the name of Morris L. weekly journal of the Communist Party' by munist Party• (public hearings, p. 1997). Ernst as a member of the lawyer's committee the special committee (report of March 29, According to this same source, he was a of the league. The American League for 1944, pp. 48 and 75) . participant in the Western Writers Congress, Peace and Democracy was cited as subversive . "The Nonpartisan Committee for the Re­ cited as a Communist front by the special and Communist by the United States Attor­ election of Vito Marcantonio was cited as a Committee on Un-American Activities in re­ ney General in letters furnished the Loyalty Communist front by the special committee in port 1311 of March 29, 1944. Review Board and released to the press by the report of March 29, 1944 (p. 122). Mr. "A pamphlet, 'Equality, Land and Free­ the United States Civil Service Commission, Ernst was chairman of the Nonpartisan Com­ dom' published by the League of Struggle June 1 and September 21, 1948; redesignated mittee for the Reelection of Vito Marcan­ for Negro Rights, December 1934 (p. 44), April 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order tonio, as was shown on a letterhead of the listed Loren Miller as a member of the na­ No. 10450, and included on the April 1, 1954, org~nization dated October 3, 1936. tional council of that organization. consolidated list of organizations previously "A newsletter of the National Lawyers "The special Committee on Un-American designated. It was established in the United Guild, dated July 1937 (p. 2), listed Mr. Activities, in its report of January· 3, 1939 States in 1937 as successor to the American Ernst, of New York City, as chairman of the (p. 81), cited the League of Struggle for League Against War and Fascism 'in an effort guild's committee on the relation of govern­ Negro Rights as follows: 'The Communist­ to create public sentiment on behalf of a ment to business. The Daily Worker of Feb­ front movement in the United States among foreign policy adapted to the interests of the ruary 10, 1939 (p. 2), reported that he spoke Negroes is known as the National Negro Soviet Union.' - (Attorney General of the at a meeting of the National Lawyers Guild; Congress. Practically the same group of United States, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sep­ a letterhead of the guild, dated May 28, leaders directing this directed the League ef tember 24, 1942, pp. 7683 and 7684.) The 1940, named Mr. Ernst as director ex-omcio Struggle for Negro Rights, which was, until special Committee on Un-American Activities of that group; a membership list (1939) of 2 years ago, the name of the Communist cited the league as 'the largest of the Com­ the guild, on file with this committee; con­ front for Negroes. The name was later munist front movements in the United tains the name of Morris L. Ernst, 285 Madi­ changed • • * in 1936 to the National Ne­ States' (report of January 3, 1939). son Avenue, New York City. gro Congress.' "The Daily Worker of February 19, 1937 "On September 17, 1950, the Committee on "It was reported in the Daily People's (p. 4), reported that Morris Ernst spoke Un-American Activities released a report on World of September 28, 1950 (p. 5) that at a meeting of the American Youth Con­ the National Lawyers Guild in which it was Loren Miller was one of a group of Los An­ gress in Washington, D.C. The American cited as a Communist front and the 'fore­ geles lawyers who signed a brief against a Youth Congress was cited as subversive and most legal bulwark of the Communist Party, Communist· registration ordinance. The Communist by the United States Attorney its front organizations, ·and controlled un­ brief was presented in connection with the General (press releases of December 4, 1947, ions.' An earlier report of the special com­ case of Henry Steinberg, county legislative and September 21, 1948; redesignated April mittee (report of Mar. 29, 1944, p. 149) director of the Communist Party, who was 27, 1953, and included on the April 1, 1954, cited the guild as a Communist front. charged with failing to register with the consolidated list). The Attorney General "An editorial in the Daily Worker of De­ sherifi"'s omce in accordance with provisions cited the organization as 'originated in 1934 cember 10, 1947 (p. 9), criticized Morris Ernst of the ordinance. Reference to Loren Miller and has been controlled by Communists and .for his proposed legislation to register front as one of the attorneys who signed a brief manipulated by them to infiuence the organizations. Morris L. Ernst, of New York charging Los Angeles County's Communist thought Of American youth' (CONGRESSIONAL City, testified voluntarily before the Com­ registration ordinance with being 'basically RECORD, September 24, 1942, p. 7685). The mittee on Un-American Activities, February unconstitutional' also appeared in the Daily special Committee on Un-American Ac­ 11, 1948, regarding legislation before the People's World of October 9, 1950 (p. 8). The tivities cited the American Youth Congress committee which would seek to curb or out­ brief was filed in connection with a hearing as 'one of the principal fronts of the Com­ law the Communist Party. He stated, in on a demurrer against the ordinance filed by munist Party' (report of June 25, 1942, p. part, as follows: attorneys for Gus Brown, Furniture Workers 16). "'Mr. KERsTEN. Would you say we would Local 576 business agent. "Mr. Ernst spoke at a meeting of the have to have the freedom of expression on "The Daily People's World of May i7, 1950 League of American Writers in New York the parts of teachers in our schools, profes­ (p. 3), listed Loren Miller as one who signed City, as was revealed by the Daily Worker of sors in our universities, the freedom of ex­ a statement against the loyalty oath." December 5, 1936 (p. 5). He spoke for the pression to the extent that the president of League for M1,1tual Aid on 'Dethroning the this particular institution could, if he wants to, permit his teachers to teach to the stu­ "OCTOBER 26, 1955. Supreme Court,' February 1, 1937, as shown in New Masses of January 26, 1937 (p. 37). dents, for example, the tenets of commu­ ••subject: Morris L. Ernst, national legal nism? committee, NAACP, 1961. "The League of American Writers was cited "'Mr. ERNST. Well, may I state my position "The public records, files, and publications as subversive and Communist by the At­ torney General (press releases of June 1 and on that? I have got to cut down under­ of this committee contain the following in­ neath it a bit. formation concerning the subject individual. September 21, 1948) and was redesignated This report should not be construed as rep­ pursuant to Executive Order 10450, April 27, * resenting the results of an investigation by 1953; and included on the April 1, 1954, "'I think the Communists or the Klan h ave consolidated list of organizations previously a right to elect the Government of the or findings of this committee. It should be United States. Not having elected the Gov­ noted that the individual is not necessarily designated. The League of American Writ­ ers previously had been cited as a Commu­ ernment of the United States, I take it to be a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or the mandate of the people to the omcials a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. nist front by the Attorney General and by the special committee. (CONGRESSIONAL REc­ elected to make sure that neither Klan nor "In testimony of Walter S. Steele before Communist policy is infiltrated or injected the Special Committee on Un-American Ac­ ORD, September 24, 1942, pp. 7685 and 7686; into the Government. tivities, August 15, 1938, Morris Ernst was and reports of January 3, 1940, June 25, 1942 "'Under those circumstances, it seems to . named as a member of the board of the and March 29, 1944, respectively.) The spe­ me I would say that no klansman should be American Fund for Public Service (public cial committee cited the League for Mutual in the Bureau of Education of the United hearings, p. 388). The following issues of Aid as a Communist enterprise (report of S"l(ates Government even though on an open New Masses named Morris L. Ernst as treas­ March 29, 1944, p. 76). debate and an election with nightshirts off, urer of the American Fund for Public Serv­ "Morris L. Ernst was named on a letter­ they may elect the Government, that's what ice, November 1930 (p. 19), November 1931 head of the Medical Bureau and North we are gambling on. (p. 31), and January 2, 1934 (p. 2). He was American Committee To Aid Spanish De­ "'Now, I have got faith that they are not n amed as treasurer and a member of the mocracy, dated July 6, 1938, as a member going to elect the Government, if they take board of directors of the American Fund for of the lawyers' committee of that orga- their shirts o:tr. 13616 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD- HOUSE July 29 "'Mr. KERSTEN. The question is, however, Tenn., had spoken before the same organi­ resenting the results of an investigation by do you think a university president has the zation. or findings of this committee. It should be right or teachers have the right in that uni­ "The Attorney General of the United States noted that the individual is not necessarily a versity, if they wish to exercise it, to teach cited the Southern Negro Youth Congress as Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or a the student the tenets of communism? subversive and amon:g the affiliates and com­ fellow-traveler unless otherwise indicated. • • • mittees of the Communist Party, U.S.A., "Who's Who in America (vol. 25, 1948-49, "'Mr. ERNST. I should say that if it is an which seeks to alter the form of govern­ p. 1971) shows that Justine Wise Polier mar­ a vowed Communist or a teacher said this is ment of the United States by unconstitu­ ried Shad Polier in 1937. Who's Who in what communism is, I would like to see that tional means (letter to Loyalty Review American Jewry (vol. 3, 1938-39, p. 818) t aught in the schools without nightshirts, Board, released December 4, 1947). The At­ shows that Justine Wise Polier is the daugh­ yes. I would like to see it taught. torney General redesignated the group April ter of Rabbi Stephen S. Wise and that she " 'Now that doesn't mean that I am at all 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order No. married Isadore Polier, March 26, 1937, New in favor of a school being sneaked upon, as 10450, and included it on the April 1, 1954, York City. It is noted furt~r that Max our schools were in New York by Communists consolidated list of organizations previously Lowenthal, a witness during public hearings sneaking their perfidious stuff underground. designated. The special Committee on Un­ before this committee, September 15, 1950, I am not afraid of the thesis of communism American Activities, in its report of January when asked if he were acquainted with Shad aboveboard, not at all. Americans will beat 3, 1940 (p. 9), cited the Southern Negro Polier, stated: 'Yes, he was Rabbi Wise's it down at every point. We are not afraid Youth Congress as a Communist-front orga­ son-in-law.' (Communism in the U.S. Gov­ of them at all, haven't got the least fear of nization. The Committee on Un-American ernment, pt. 2, p. 2984.) Therefore, t his that crowd, and they are not all crackpots. Activities, in its report of April 17, 1947 (p. report includes references from the public They are fanatics, maybe, but not crackpots, 14) , cited the organization as 'surrepti­ records, files and publications of this com­ but I have great fear of any secret group for tiously controlled' by the Young Communist mittee which appear under the name, Shad this reason. League." Paller, and references which appear under the " 'Up to now the problem of America has name, Isadore Polier. been the protection of minorities against "OCTOBER 25, 1955. "Shad Polier was named in the election majorities, oppression by majority or minor­ "Subject: Karl N. Llewellyn, national legal campaign letter of the Washington, D.C., ity. From now on in, I suggest our problem committee, NAACP, 1954. chapter of the National Lawyers Guild, dated is reversed, because a tightly regimented con­ "The public records, files, and publications May 18, 1940, as a candidate for delegate to trolled minority in a labor union, in any of this committee contain the following in­ the national convention of the guild. Con­ place in life with the complexities of modern formation concerning the subject individual. vention News for May 1941 (p. 3) listed Shad life can oppress a majority, and that is what This report should not be construed as rep­ Polier, New York City, as a member of the the Communists are doing to the decent part resenting the results of an investigation by nominations committee of the National Law­ of the American labor movement today.' or findings of this committee. It should yers Guild Fifth Annual Convention at the (Public hearings, pp. 291, 292.) be noted that the individual is not neces­ Book-Cadillac Hotel, Detroit, Mich., May 29- "Reference to Mr. Ernst was made by Maj. sarily a Communist, a Communist sympa­ June l, 1941. Shad Polier is shown as the Gen. Charles Willoughby, a witness during thizer, or a fellow traveler unless otherwise writer of an article in the Lawyers Guild public hearings before this committee, Au­ indicated. Review, vol. VI, pp. 490-491. gust 22, 1951, as follows: "Prof. K. N. Llewellyn, Columbia Law "The National Lawyers Guild was cited as "'Without going into details which are in School, spoke at a conference of the Greater a Communist-front organization by the Spe­ this file, the International Red Aid, Soviet­ New York Emergency Conference on Inalien­ cial Committee on Un-American Activities Comintern sponsored, becomes the Inter­ able Rights as shown by the program, Feb­ (Rept. 1311, Mar. 29, 1944, p. 149), and national Labor Defense, and the American ruary 12, 1940. was the subject of a separate report by the Labor Defense becomes the Civil Rights Con­ "The Special Committee on Un-American Committee on Un-American Activities, Sep­ gress. And, incidentally, again Weiss, as an Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 tember 17, 1950, in which it was cited as a organizer, develops other agencies, such as (pp. 96 and 129), cited the Greater New York Communist front that 'is the foremost legal the American Committee for the Defense of Emergency Conference on Inalienable Rights bulwark of the Communist Party, its front the Foreign Born, and several other organiza­ as a Communist front which was succeeded organizations, and controlled unions' and tions, all of which have been analyzed and by the National Federation for Constitu­ which 'since its inception has never failed to commented on adversely by Mr. Morris Ernst, tional Liberties. The Committee on Un­ rally to the legal defense of the Communist a reputable New York lawyer, who resented, American Activities, in its report of Sep­ Party and individual members thereof, in­ apparently, ever having been mixed up with tember 2, 1947 (p. 3), cited the Greater New cluding known espionage agents.' this group.' (American Aspects of Richard York Emergency Conference on Inalienable "A letterhead of the International Ju­ Sorge Spy Case, p. 1188.)" Rights as among a 'maze of organizations' ridical Association, dated May 18, 1942, carries which were 'spawned for the alleged pur­ the name of Shad Paller, New York, as a "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. pose of defending civil liberties in general member of the organization's national com­ "Subject: Z. Alexander Looby, national board but actually intended to protect Communist mittee. The Special Committee on Un­ of directors, national legal committee, subversion from any penalties under the American Activities cited the International NAACP, 1961. law.' Juridical Association as 'a Communist front "The public records, files, and publications "A letterhead of the Non-Partisan Commit­ and an offshoot of the International Labor of this committee contain the following in­ tee for the Reelection of Vito Marcantonio Defense' (report of Mar. 29, 1944, p. 149); formation concerning the subject individual. dated October 3, 1936, listed Karl N. Llew­ the Committee on Un-American Activities This report should not be construed as rep­ ellyn as vice chairman of the organization. cited the International Juridical Associa­ resenting the results of an investigation by "The Special Committee on Un-American tion as an organization which 'actively de­ or findings of this committee. It should be Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 fended Communists and consistently fol­ noted that the individual is not necessarily (p. 122), cited the Non-Partisan Committee lowed the Communist Party line' (Rept. a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or for the Reelection of Vito Marcantonio as a 3123, Sept. 21, 1950, p. 12). a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. Communist-front organization. "A 1941 membership list of the Washington "A 1939 membership list of the National "An undated letterhead of the Interna­ Book Shop, on file with this committee, con­ Lawyers Guild, on file with this· committee, tional Juridical Association listed Prof. Karl tains the name of Shad Polier, 3610 Idaho contains the name of Alexander Looby, 419 Llewellyn, New York, as a member of the na­ Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 'The Fourth Avenue, Nashville, Tenn. tional committee. Washington Cooperative Book Shop, under "The special Committee on Un-American "The Special Committee on Un-American the name "The Book Shop Association," was Activities, in its report of March 23, 1944 Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 incorporated in the District of Columbia in (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild (p. 149), cited the International Juridical 1938. • • • It maintains a bookshop and as a Communist-front organization. The Association as 'a Communist front and an art gallery at 916 Seventeenth Street NW., Committee on Un-American Activities, in its offshoot of the International Labor Defense.' Washington, D.C., where literature is sold report on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ The Committee on Un-American Activities, and meetings and lectures held. Evidence tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as a in its report on the National Lawyers Guild, of Communist penetration or control is re­ Communist front which 'is the foremost September 17, 1950 (p. 12), cited the Inter­ flected in the following: Among its stock legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its national Juridical Association, as an orga­ the establishment has offered prominently front organizations, and controlled unions,' nization which 'actively defended Com­ foi· sale books and literature identified with and which 'since its inception has never munists and consistently followed the the Communist Party and certain of its failed to rally to the legal defense of the Communist Party line.' " affiliates and front organizations.' (United Communist Party and individual members States Attorney General, CONGRESSIONAL REC­ thereof, including known espionage agents.' "OCTOBER 25, 1955. ORD, September 24, 1942, p. 7688). The At­ "The Daily People's World of April 25, 1948 "Subject: Shad Polier (Isador Polier), na­ torney General also included the Book Shop (p. 11), reported that Alexander Looby, at­ tional legal committee, NAACP, 1961. on lists of subversive and Communist orga­ torney, Nashville, Tenn., had spoken before "The public records, files, and publications nizations furnished the Loyalty Review the Southern Negro Youth Congress. The of this committee contain the following in­ Board (press releases of December 4, 1947, and Worker of May 16, 1948 (p. 2), disclosed formation concerning the subject individual. September 21, 1948) and redesignated it pur­ that Z. Alexander Looby, attorney, Nashville, This report should not be construed as rep- suant to Executive Order 10450 (memoran- 1963. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13617 dum of Apri129, 1~53, rel~ased by the Depart­ formation concerning the subject individual. ual. This report should not be construed as ment of Justice}; and included on the April This report should not be construed as rep­ representing the results of an investigation 1, 1954, con_solidated list of organizations resenting the results of an investigation by by or findings of this committee. It should previously designated. Th~ ~pecial Commit­ or findings· of this committee. It should be be noted that the individual is not necessar­ tee on Un-American .Activities also cited the-­ noted that the individual is not necessarily ily a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, Washington BookShop as a Communist front a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or or a fellow traveler unless otherwise indi­ (report of March 29, 1944, p. 150). a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. cated. "The newsletter of the National Lawyers "S. R. Redmond signed the open letter of "A 1939 membership list of the National Guild for July 1937 ·(p. 2) named Isadore the National Federation for Constitutional Lawyers Guild listed Edward P. Lovett, 615 Polier, New York City, as chairman of the Liberties denouncing the Attorney General's F Street NW., Washington, D.C., as a mem­ guild's committee on constitutional and attack on the Communist Party and decision ber of that organization. judicial review. A leaflet, What Is the IJA?, in the Harry Bridges case as shown by the "The Special Committee on Un-American contains the name of Isadore Polier as a Daily Worker of July 19, 1942 (p. 4), and the Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. member of the National Committee of the booklet, '600 Prominent Americans' (p. 27). 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild as a International Juridical Association. An un­ Sidney R. Redmond, editor, National Bar Communist-front organization. The Com­ dated letterhead of the group listed him as Journal, St. Louis, Mo., signed a statement of mittee on Un-American Activities, in its re­ executive director, and this committee's re­ the National Federation for Constitutional port on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ port on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ Liberties supporting the War Department's tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as a tember 17, 1950 (p. 13), reported that Isadore order on granting commissions 'to members Communist front which 'is the foremost legal Polier was executive director of the Inter­ of the Armed Forces who have been members bulwark of the Communist Party, its front national Juridical Association at 'the time of or sympathetic to the views of the Com­ organizations, and controlled unions' and of its inception.' See citation on page 1. munist Party' according to an undated leaf­ which 'since its inception has never failed The Daily Worker of April 8, 1938 (p. 4), let, 'the only sound policy for a democracy• to rally to the legal defense of the Commu­ reported that Isadore Polier signed a peti­ and the Daily Worker, March 19, 1945 (p. 4). nist Party and individual members thereof, tion, sponsored by the American Friends of "The Attorney General of the United including known espionage agents.' " Spanish Democracy, to lift the arms embargo. States cited the National Federation for Con­ 'In 1937-38, the Communist Party threw stitutional Liberties as subversive and Com­ "OCTOBER 25, 1955. itself wholeheartedly into the campaign for munist in letters to the Loyalty Review "Subject: Louis L. Redding, national legal the support of the Spanish Loyalist cause, Board, released December 4, 1947, and Sep­ committee, NAACP, 1954, 1961. recruiting men and organizing multifarious tember 21, 1948; redesignated April 27, 1953, "The public records, files, and publications so-called relief organizations • • • such as pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450, and of this committee contain the following in­ • • • American Friends of Spanish Democ­ included on the April 1, 1954, consolidated formation concerning the subject individual. racy' (report of the special committee dated list of organizations previously designated. This report should not be construed as rep­ March 29, 1944, p. 82); The Attorney General cited the organiza­ resenting the results of an investigation by "The booklet, These Americans Say (p. 8), tion previously as 'part of what Lenin called or findings of this committee. It should be compiled and published by the Coordinating the solar system of organizations, osten-. noted that the individual is not necessarily Committee To Lift the Embargo, named Isa­ sibly having no connection with the Com­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or dore Polier among the representative indi­ munist Party, by which Communists attempt a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. viduals who advocated lifting the Spanish to create sympathizers and supporters of "A 1939 membership list of the National embargo. The Coordinating Committee To their program' (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Lawyers Guild listed Louis Redding, 1002 Lift the (Spanish) Embargo was cited by the Sept. 24, 1942, p. 7687). The special Franch St., Wilmington, Del., as a member Special Committee as one of a number of Committee on Un-American Activities, in its of the organization. Louis L. Redding, a front organizations, set up during the Span­ report of March 29, 1944 (p. 50), cited the member of the Delaware bar, was among the ish Civil War by the Communist Party in the National Federation for Constitutional Lib­ speakers at a panel session on Civil Rights United States and through which the party erties as 'one of the viciously subversive and Liberties a-s part of the National Law­ carried on a great deal of agitation (report organizations of the Communist Party.' yers Guild annual convention, February 20- of March 29, 1944, pp. 137 and 138) ." The Committee on Un-American Activities, 23, 1953, New York City, according to the in its report of September 2, 1947 (p. 3), Daily Worker, February 20, 1953 (p. 6). "OCTOBER 25, 1955. cited the National Federation • • • among "The Special Committee on Un-American "'Subject: Jawn Sandifer, national legal com­ a 'xnaze of organizations' which were Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 mittee, NAACP, 1961. 'spawned for the alleged purpose of defend­ (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild "The public records, files, and publications ing civil liberties in general but actually in­ as a Communist front organization. The of this committee contain the following in­ tended to protect Communist subversion Committee on Un-American Activities, in its formation concerning the subject individual. from any penalties under the law.'" report on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ This report should not be construed as rep­ tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as a resenting the results of an investigation by "Subject: George M. Johnson, national legal committee, NAACP, 1961. Communist front which 'is the foremost or findings of this committee. It should be legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its noted that the individual is not necessarily "The public records, files, and publications a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or of this committee contain the following in­ front organizations, and controlled unions' formation concerning the subject individual. and which 'since its inception has never a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. · failed to rally to the legal defense of the "The Daily Worker ot: April 10, 1951 (p. 5), This report should not be construed as rep­ resenting the results of an investigation by Communist Party and individual members reported that Jawn A. Sandifer was a speaker thereof, including known espionage agents.' for the National Lawyers Guild. The Octo­ or findings of this committee. It should be ber 7, 1952, issue of the Daily Worker (p. 3), noted that the individual is not necessarily "The official proceedings of the National reported that Jawn L. Sandifer, New York, a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or Negro Congress, 1936 (pp. 5, 6, 41), listed was to lead workshop discussions at the na­ a fellow-traveler unless otherwise indicated. Louis L. Redding, Delaware, as a member of tional conference of the National Lawyers "George M. Johnson, Washington, D.O., the National Executive Council and a mem­ Guild on civil rights, legislation, and dis­ was a member of the executive board of the ber of the presiding committee and general crlmimition to be held at the Park Sheraton National Lawyers Guild as of 1949. (See the resolutions committee. Hotel, New York City on October 10, 11, and committee's report on the National Lawyers "The Attorney General cited the National 12, 1952. Guild, p. 18.) Negro Congress as subversive and Communist "The Special Committee on Un-American "The Special Committee on Un-American in letters released December 4, 1947 and Sep­ Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 tember 21, 1948; redesignated April 27, 1953 (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild (p. 149), cited the National Lawyers Guild and included on the April 1, 1954 consoli­ as a Communist-front organization. The as a Communist-front organization. The dated list. · The organization was cited pre­ Committee on Un-Anierican Activities, in its Committee on Un-American Activities, in its viously by the Attorney General as a report on the National Lawyers Guild, Sep­ report on the National Lawyers' Guild, Sep­ Communist front (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as a tember 17, 1950, cited the organization as a September 24, 1942, pp. 7687 and 7688). The Communist front, which 'is the foremost Communist-front which 'is the foremost Special Committee on Un-American Activi­ legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its legal bulwark of the Communist Party, its ties, in its report of January 3, 1939 (p. 81), front organizations, and controlled unions' front organizations, and controlled unions' cited the National Negro Congress as 'the and which 'since its inception has never and which 'since its inception has never Communist-front movement in the United failed to rally to the legal defense of the failed to rally to the legal defense of the States among Negroes.' " Communist Party and individual mem­ Communist Party and individual members bers thereof, including known espionage thereof, including known espionage agents.''' "OCTOBER 25, 1955. agents.' :• · "Subject: Joseph B. Robinson, national "OcTOBER 25, 1955. health committee, NAACP, 1961. "OCTOBER 25, 1955. "Subject: Edward P. ·Lovett, National legal "The public records, files, and publications "Subject: Sidney R. Redmond, national legal committee, NAACP, 1954. of this committee contain the folloWing in­ committee, NAACP, 1961. "The public records, files, and publications formation concerning the subject individual. "The public records, files, and publications of this committee contain the following in­ This report should not be construed as repre­ of this committee contain the following in- formation concerning the subject individ- senting the results of an investigation by or 13618 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD _- HOUSE July 29 findings of this committee. It should be the Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to having been lauded in the Communist press, noted that the individual is not necessarily the Atlantic Pact and which was loca~d, ac­ putting 'every individual C(lmmunist on no­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or cording to a letterhead of September 16, 1950, tice that he "has the duty to rise to this a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. at 30 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.; appeal"; and as having received the official "One Joseph B. Robinson signed the call for and to further the cause of 'Communists in endorsement of the Supreme Soviet of the the National Emergency Conference, Wash­ the United States' doing 'their part in the U.S.S.R., which has been echoed by the gov­ ington, D.C., May 13 and 14, 1939. Moscow campaign.' erning bodies of every Communist satellite "The special Committee on Un-American "A mimeographed petition, att~ched to a country, and by all Communist Parties Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 (p. letterhead of the Spanish Refugee Appeal throughout the world.' 49) , cited the National Emergency Conference of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Commit­ "The following is quoted from a 'State­ as a Communist-front organization. The tee dated May 18, 1951, listed Dr. Edward L. ment of Principles for the Defense of Democ­ Committee on Un-American Activities, in its Young, Brookline, Mass., as one who signed a racy Against McCarthyism,' as reported by report of September 2, 1947 (p. 12), cited petition to President Truman 'to bar mili­ the Daily Worker of March 31, 1954 (p. 8) : the National Emergency Conference as fol­ tary aid to or alliance with Fascist Spain.' " 'Minority opinion is being suppressed by lows: 'It will be remembered that during the "The Attorney General cited the Joint such devices as blacklisting, dismissal from days of the infamous Soviet-Nazi pact, the Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee as subver­ employment, and even jailing. Communists built protective organizations sive and Communist in letters to the Loyalty _ "'Teachers, lawyers, doctors, writers, art­ known as the National Emergency Confer­ Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and ists, actors, and other professionals should be ence, the National Emergency Conference for September 21, 1948; redesignated April 27, free to practice their professions without Democratic Rights, which culminated in the 1953, and included on the April!, 1954, con­ discrimination because of their political be­ National Federation for Constitutional solidated list. The special Committee on liefs or associations, whether they be Repub­ Liberties.' " Un-American Activities, in its report of lican, Democrat, Socialist, or Communist.' March 29, 1944 (p. 174), cited the Joint "The Daily Worker article reported that "OCTOBER 25, 1955. Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee as a Com­ 'the signers of the statement urge support "Subject: Dr. Edward L. Young, national munist-front organization. for an eight-point program, including aboli­ health committee, NAACP, 1961. "Dr. Edward L. Young was shown as a tion of the Attorney General's list of sub­ "The public records, files, and publications member of the board of directors of the versive organizations, reinstatement of of this committee contain the following in­ National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and teachers dismissed in recent inquiries, and formation concerning the subject individual. Professions on a leaflet, Policy and Program amnesty for those in jail on charges of "con­ This report should not be construed as rep­ Adopted by the National Convention, 1950, spiracy to teach and advocate" their political resenting the results of an investigation by a letterhead dated July 28, 1950, and a letter­ views.' Dr. Edward L. Young, Brookline, .;>r findings of this committee. It should be head dated December 7, 1952 (photostat). Mass., was named as a .signer. noted that the individual is not necessarily He was a sponsor of the Cultural and Scien­ "The call to a. bill of rights conference, a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, tific Conference for World Peace, New York New York City, July 16 and 17, 1949, named or a fellow traveler unless otherwise in­ City, March 25-27, 1949, as shown by the Dr. Edward L. Young, Massachusetts General dicated. conference program (p. 13>, the conference Hospital, as a sponsor. Elizabeth Gurley "Dr. Edward L. Young was an initial spon­ call, and the Daily Worker, February 21, 1949 Flynn, a member of the national committee sor of the American Peace Crusade as shown (p. 9). As shown by the conference program of the Communist Party, in writing about by letterheads dated February 1951 and (p. 10), he spoke at the conference, and ac­ the conference for her column in the Daily February 1953. He signed a petition of the cording to Speaking of Peace, edited report Worker (July 2&, 1949, p. 8), stated that one American Peace Crusade calling on President of the conference (p. 49), Dr. Young intro­ of the highlights of the conference was the Truman and Congress to seek a big-power duced the discussion on psychiatric aspects fight for the 12 defendants in the current act as reported by the Daily Worker of Feb­ of today's international crisis. He signed a Communist cases. She reported that seven ruary 1, 1952 (p. 1), in which source he was statement supporting a rehearing of the case of the defendants were present and partici­ identified with the Harvard University Medi­ of the Communist leaders before the Su­ pated actively. The New York Times (July cal School. The Daily Worker of February preme Court and protesting the Smith Act 18, 1949, p. 13) reported that 'the 20 reso­ 1, 1951 (p. 2), listed Dr. Edward L. Young, as shown by We Join Black's Dissent, a re­ lutions adopted unanimously by the 2-day Committee on Physicians for Improvement print of an article from the St. Louis Post­ conference registered opposition to the of Medical Care, Brookline, Mass., as a spon­ Dispatch, June 20, 1951, by the National conspiracy trial of the 11 Communist lead­ sor of the American Peace Crusade. Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Profes­ ers, the Presidential loyalty order • • • "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ sions. The Daily Worker of February 28, deportation for political belief • • • among ties, in its statement issued on the March 1949 (p. 2) reported that Dr. Young was a others. The conference also called for an of Treason, February 19, 1951, and report on speaker for the National Council of the Arts, end to the investigation by the Federal Bu­ the Communist peace offensive, April 1, 1951 Sciences, and Professions. He signed a state­ reau of Investigation into political, rather (p. 51), cited the American Peace Crusade ment of the organization as shown by the than criminal, activities.'" as an orangization which 'the Communists CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, VOlume 95, part 7, established' as 'a new instrument for their page 9435. He . signed a resolution against "OCTOBER 25, 1955. peace offensive in the United States• and atomic weapons released by the National "Subject: Viola Bernard, national health which was heralded by the Daily Worker Council as shown by a mimeographed list of committee, NAACP, 1954. 'with the usual bold headlines reserved for signers attached to a letterhead of July 28, "The public records, files and publications projects in line with the Communist ob­ 1950. He signed a peace appeal in a drive of this committee contain the following in­ jectives.' The Attorney General of the of the National and New York Councils of the formation concerning the subject individ­ United States designated the American Peace Arts, • • •, as reported in the Daily Worker ual. This report should not be construed Crusade January 22, 1954, pursuant to Ex­ of May 16, 1952 (p. 2). as representing the results of an investiga­ ecutive Order No. 10450, and included it on "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ tion by or findings of this committee. It the April 1, 1954, consolidated list of organi­ ties, in its report of April 19, 1949 (p. 2), should be noted that the individual is not zations previously designated. cited the National Council of the Arts, necessarily a Communist, a Communist sym­ "Dr. Young was a United States sponsor of Sciences, and Professions as a Communist­ pathizer, or a fellow traveler unless other­ the American Continental Congress for front organization. In this report, Review wise indicated. Peace as shown by an official leaflet pub­ of the Scientific and Cultural Conference for "The Daily Worker of April 8, 1938 (p. 4), lished by the Congress. World Peace, the committee cited the con­ listed Viola Bernard as one who signed a "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ ference as a Communist front which 'was petition of the American Friends of Spanish ties, in its report on the Communist peace actually a supermobilization of the inveter­ Democracy to lift the arms embago. offensive, April 1, 1951 (p. 21), cited the ate wheelhorses and supporters of the Com­ "The special Committee on Un-American American Continental Congress for Peace as munist Party and its auxiliary organiza­ Activities, in its report of March 29, 1944 'another phase' in the Communist 'peace' tions.' (p. 82), cited the American Friends of Span­ campaign, aimed at consolidating anti­ "As shown by an undated leaflet, 'Promi­ ish Democracy as follows: 'In 1937-38, the American forces throughout the Western nent Americans Call for • • *' (received by Communist Party threw itself wholeheart­ Hemisphere. this committee September 11, 1950), and the edly into the campaign for the support of "According to a statement attached to a Daily Worker of August 10, 1950 (p. 1), Dr. the Spanish loyalist cause, recruiting men press release of the Committee for Peaceful Edward L. Young signed the World Peace and organizing multifarious so-called relief Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, dated De­ Appeal. organizations • • • such as • • • American cember 14, 1949 (p. 10), Dr. Edward L. "The Committee on Un-American Activi­ Friends of Spanish Democracy.' " Young, Committee of Physicians for Im­ ties, in its report on the Communist peace provement of Medical Care, Brookline, Mass., offensive, April 1, 1954 (p. 34), cited the "OcToBER 25, 1955. signed a statement calling for international World Peace Appeal as a petition campaign "Subject: Dr. Russell L. Cecil, national agreement to ban use of atomic weapons. launched by the permanent committee of the health committee, NAACP, 1961. "The Committee for Peaceful Alternatives World Peace Congress at its meeting in Stock­ "The public records, files, and publications to the Atlantic Pact was cited by the Com­ holm, March 16-19, 1950; as having 'received of this committee contain the following in­ mittee on Un-American Activities as an or­ the enthusiastic approval of every section of formation concerning the subject individual. ganization which was formed as a result of the international Communist hierarchy'; as This report should not be construed as rep- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE 13619 resenting the results of an investigation by Communist Party in this country, headed ties cited the Michigan Civil Rights Federa.. or findings of this committee. It shoUld be it' (special Committee on Un-American Ac­ tion as a Communist-front organization. noted that the individual is not necessarily tivities, report, March 29, 1944, pp. 6 and 55). (From Report No. 1311 of the Special Com­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or The Citizens' Committee to Free Earl Brow­ mittee on Un-American Activities, dated a fellow-traveler uniess otherwise indicated. der was cited as Communist by the Attorney Mar. 29, 1944; and Report No. 1115 of the "A pamphlet, 'Relighting the Lamps of General in a letter released April 27, 1949; Committee on Un-American Activities dated China,' listed Russell L. Cecil as a medical redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on Sept. 2, 1947.) sponsor of the China Aid Council. the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. "In July 1947 Mr. WalterS. Steele testified "The special Committee on Un-American "The call to a conference on civil rights, in public hearings before this committee, Activities, in its report of June 25, 1942 April 20-21, 1940 (p. 4), lists C. Herbert at which time he named Gloster Current of (p. 16), cited the China Aid Council as a Marshall, M.D., as a sponsor of the Washing­ the National Association for the Advance­ 'subsidiary' of the American League for ton Committee for Democratic Action, under ment of Colored People as a council member Peace and Democracy, cited as subversive whose auspices the conference was held. A from the United States to the World Fed­ and Communist by the Attorney General of letterhead of the organization, dated April eration of Democratic Youth (from Steele the United States in letters to the Loyalty 26, 1940, also shows C. Herbert Marshall as a testimony, p. 81). Review Board, released June 1 and Septem­ sponsor. In 1941, Dr. C. Herbert Marshall "The World Federation of Democratic ber 2'1, 1948; redesignated April 27, 1953, was a member of the executive committee Youth was founded in London in November pursuant to Executive Order No. 10450, and of the Washington Committee for Demo­ 1945 by delegates from over 50 nations. included on the April 1, 1954, consolidated cratic Action, according to a letterhead From the outset, the World Federation of list of organizations previously designated. dated May 23, 1941. Democratic Youth demonstrated that it was The organization was cited previously by the "The Attorney General cited the Washing­ far more interested in serving as a pressure Attorney General as established in the ton Committee for Democratic Action as group in behalf of Soviet foreign policy than United States in 1937 as successor to the subversive and Communist in letters released it was in the specific problems of interna­ American League Against War and Fascism December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; tional youth. (From Report No. 271 of the 'in an effort to create public sentiment on redesignated April 27, 1953, and included on. Committee on Un-American Activities dated behalf of a foreign policy adapted to the the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. The or­ Apr. 17, 1947.)" interests of the Soviet Union • • •• (CoN­ ganization was cited previously by the At­ GRESSIONAL RECORD, September 24, 1942, pp. torney General as an 'affiliate' or 'local "FEBRUARY 13,1956. 7683 and 7684). The special Committee on chapter' of the National Federation for Con­ "Subject: Ruby Hurley, southeast regional Un-American Activities, in its report of stitutional Liberties. 'The program of the secretary, Birmingham, Ala., NAACP, January 3, 1939 (pp. 69-71), cited the Ameri­ Washington committee followed that of the 1961. can League for Peace and Democracy as 'the national federation. National Communist "The public records, files, and publications largest of the Communist "front" movements leaders have addressed its meetings, and con­ of this committee contain the following in­ in the United States • • • .'" ferences sponsored by it have been attended formation concerning the subject individual. by representatives of prominent Communist This report should not be construed as rep­ "OCTOBER 25, 1955. front organizations' (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, resenting the results of an investigation by "Subject: Dr. C. Herbert Marshall, national Sept. 24, 1942, pp. 7688 and 7689). The or findings of this committee. It should be health committee, NAACP, 1961. special Committee on Un-American Activi­ noted that the individual is not necessarily ties, in its report of June 25, 1942 (p. 22), "The public records, files, and publications cited the Washington Committee for Demo­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or of this committee contain the following in­ cratic Action as follows: 'When the Ameri­ a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicat(ld. formation concerning the subject individual. can League for Peace and Democracy was "Ruby Hurley was a sponsor of the World This report should not be construed as rep­ dissolved in February 1940 its successor in Youth Festival, Prague, July-August 1947, resenting the results of an investigation by Washington was called the Washington Com­ as shown by the World Youth Festival, page or findings of this committee. It should be mittee for Democratic Action.' 7, and the booklet, "The Bright Face of noted that the individual is not necessarily "As shown by an advertisement in the Peace," published by the U.S. Committee a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or Washington Post, May 18, 1948 (p. 15), Dr. for the World Youth Festival. As shown by a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. C. Herbert Marshall signed a statement the call to World Youth Festival (p. 3), the "A membership list of the American League against the Mundt anti-Communist bill." festival, held in Prague from July 20 to Au­ for Peace and Democracy which was com­ gust 17, 1947, was sponsored by the World piled by the special Committee on Un­ "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. Federation of Democratic Youth and the American Activities from original records of "Subject: Gloster Current, director of branch International Union of Students. the organization, su'bpenaed in 1939 by the department, NAACP, 1961. "The Committee on Un-American Activ­ committee, contains the name of one C. "The public records, files, and publications ities, in its report of Aprll 17, 1947 (pp. ·12 Herbert Marshall, of 2712 P Street NW., of this committee contain the following in­ and 13), cited the World Federation of Demo­ Washington, D.C. formation concerning the subject individual. cratic Youth as follows: 'The AYD (American "The Attorney General of the United States This report should not be construed as rep­ Youth for Democracy) is affiliated with the cited the American League for Peace and resenting the results of an investigation by World Federation of Democratic Youth, Democracy as subversive and Communist in or findings of this committee. It should be which was founded in London in November letters to the Loyalty Review Board, released noted that the individual is not necessarily 1945 by delegates from over 50 nations. • • • June 1 and September 21, 1948. The Attor­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or From the outset the World Federation of ney General redesignated the organization a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. Democratic Youth demonstrated that it was April 27, 1953, pursuant to Executive Order "Gloster Current and his orchestra were far more interested in serving as a pressure No. 10450, and included it on the April 1, scheduled to play at the Independence Day group in behalf of Soviet foreign policy than 1954, consolidated list of organizations pre­ picnic to be held July 3-4, 1938, under the it was in the specific problems of interna­ viously designated. The organization was auspices of the Communist Party of Michi­ tional youth.' cited previously by the Attorney General as gan, according to a leaflet entitled 'Where's "The International Union of Students was established in the United States in 1937 as Everybody Going?' which announced the cited as follows by the Committee on Un­ successor to the American League Against picnic. American Activities in its report of April 17, War and Fascism 'in an effort to create "The Civil Rights Federation (affiliated 1947 (p. 13): 'The World Federation of public sentiment on behalf of a foreign pol­ with the National Federation for Constitu­ Democratic Youth brought into being the icy adapted to the interests of the Soviet tional Liberties} issued a call to a statewide International Union of Students, which held Union' (CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, conference, September 12, 1943, in Detroit, a meeting in Prague on August 17-31, 1946. pp. 7683 and 7684). The special Committee Mich.; the name of Gloster Current appeared The administration and direction of this on Un-American Activities, in its report of on the call in a list of sponsors and he was project was entrusted to a 17-man executive January 3, 1939 (pp. 69-71) , cited the Ameri­ identified as secretary, National Association committee of whom 12 were known Com­ can League for Peace and Democrary as 'the for the Advancement of Colored People, De­ munists.'" largest of the Communist front movements troit chapter. in the United States. • • *' "The Attorney General of the United "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. "C. Herbert Marshall was shown as a spon­ States cited the Michigan Civil Rights Fed­ "Subject: Thurgood Marshall, director coun­ sor of the Wash_ington Citizens Committee eration as an affiliate of the Communist sel, NAACP Legal Defense Fund and to Free Earl Browder in an advertisement of front, the National Federation for Constitu­ Educational Fund, 1961. the organization which appeared in the tional Liberties; and as a subversive and "The public records, files, and publications Washington Post of May 1942 (p. 9}. 'When Communist organization which has been of this committee contain the following in­ Earl Browder (then general secretary, Com­ succeeded by and now operates as the Michi­ formation concerning the subject individual. munist Party) was in Atlanta Penitentiary gan chapter of the Civil Rights Congress. This report should -not be construed as rep­ serving a sentence involving his fraudulent (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Sept. 24, 1942, p. resenting the results of an investigation by passports, the Communist Party's front 7687; and press releases of Dec. 4, 1947, June or findings of this committee. It should which agitated for his release was known as 1 and Sept. 21, 1948; also included on his be noted that the individual is not neces­ the Citizens' Committee to Free. Earl Brow­ consolidated list of organizations.} The Spe­ sarily a Communist, a Communist sympa­ der ~ • . • Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, . one of cial Committee on Un-American Activities thizer, or a fellow traveler unless otherwise the few outstanding women leaders of the and the Committee on Un-American Activi- indicated. 13620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 "Thurgood Marshall was a member of the they very likely would not come.' (Public the materials of-history, and traces the long national committee of the International hearings, pp. 2296-2302.) fight for the franchise. Juridical Association, as shown in the pam­ "It is noted by the Daily People's World of • • • • phlet, What Is the I.J .A.? The special February 12, 1952 (p. 2) that Clarence "'It is the only volume brought to our Committee on Un-American Activities cited Mitchell, director of Washington bureau of attention which gives a detailed national the Internatio:::al Juridical Association as the National Association for Advancement of picture of the Negro vote. It is too bad the •a Communist front and an offshoot of the Colored People, 'blasts civil rights record of author felt impelled to defend the two-party International Labor Defense' (Rept. No. 1311, presidential hopeful.' The Dally Worker of system and the Negro. And it is worse that dated March 29, 1944). In a report on the February 15, 1952 (p. 1) reported that Clar­ he chose this otherwise useful contribution National Lawyers Guild, prepared and pub­ ence Mitchell, director of Washington bu­ as the bearer of his offering of fuel for the lished September 17, 1950, by the Committee reau, NAACP, appeared before the Senate cold war.' on Un-American Activities, the Interna­ Armed Forces Committee in protest of uni­ "A photograph of Henry Lee Moon was pub­ tional Juridical Association was cited as an versal military training." lished in the June 16, 1932, issue of the Daily organization which 'actively defended Com­ Worker (p. 2). munists and consistently followed the Com­ "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. "The Daily Worker of June 17, 1946 (p. 2), munist Party line.' "'Subject: Henry Lee Moon, director, public reported that one Henry Moon (no other "A list of officers of the National Lawyers relations department, NAACP, 1961. identification shown) was one of the signers Guild, as of December 1949 (printed in the "The public records, files, and publications of a statement of the Action Committee To committee's report on the National Lawyers of this committee contain the following in­ Free Spain Now which protested the delay Guild, p. 18) contains the name of Thur­ formation concerning the subject individ­ in breaking diplomatic relations with Franco good Marshall, New York City, among the ual. This report should not be construed Spain. members of the executive board. He was as representing the results of an investiga­ "The Attorney General cited the Action shown to be an associate editor of the Law­ tion by or findings of this committee. It Committee To Free Spain Now as Communist yers Guild Review in the issue of May-June should be noted that the individual is not in a letter released April 27, 1949; redesig­ 1948 (p. 422). It was reported in the Dally necessarily a Communist, a Communist sym­ nated April 27, 1953, and included on the Worker of November 30, 1942 (p. 1), that pathizer, or a fellow traveler unless other­ April 1, 1954, consolidated list. Mr. Marshall, special counsel of the National wise indicated. "The Daily Worker of February 16, 1949 Association for the Advancement of Colored "A membership list of the Washington (p. 13), reported that Henry Moon was nomi­ People, was one of those who submitted a Book Shop which was subpenaed by the spe­ nated as commentator of the Voice of Free­ report denouncing lynching and discrimi­ cial Committee on Un-American Activities dom Committee. nation which was adopted by the national in 1941 contains the name of Henry Lee Moon executive board of the National Lawyers "The Attorney General included the Voice with address shown as 1206 Kenyon Street of Freedom Committee on the April 1, 1954, Guild. It was also reported in the Wash­ NW., Washington, D.C. ington Evening Star (February 8, 1948, p. consolidated list of organizations previously A-22 and February 12, 1948, p. A-82), that "The Attorney General of the United designated pursuant to Executive Order No. Mr. Marshall, identified as special counsel, States cited the Washington Book Shop 10450." NAACP, criticized the loyalty program in a Association as subversive and Communist in public forum held under the auspices of letters to the Loyalty Review Board, released "OCTOBER 25, 1955. the National Lawyers Guild in Washing­ December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; "Subject: Clarence A. Laws, regional director, ton, D.C. redesignated April 27, 1953, pursuant to New Orleans, La., NAACP, 1961. "The National Lawyers Guild was cited by Executive Order No. 10450, and included on "The public records, files, and publications the special Committee on Un-American Ac­ the April 1, 1954, consolidated list of orga­ of this committee contain the following in­ tivities as a Communist front in Report No. nizations previously designated. The Special formation concerning the subject individual. 1311 of March 29, 1944 (p. 149). In the Committee on Un-Alnerican Activities, in its This report should not be construed as rep­ committee's report on the organization, re­ report of March 29, 1944 (p. 150), cited the resenting the results of an investigation by leased in 1950, the guild was cited as a Com­ Washington Book Shop Association as a or findings of this committee. It should be munist front which 'is the foremost legal Communist-front organization. noted that the individual is not necessarily bulwark of the Communist Party, its front "Henry Lee Moon, New York, was a member a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or organizations, and controlled unions' and of the national executive council of the a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. which 'since its inception has never failed National Negro Congress, as shown on the "An undated letterhead ( 1947) of the Com­ to rally to the legal defense of the Commu­ official proceedings of the congress for 1936 mittee for Louisiana, affiliated with the nist Party and individual members thereof, (p. 40). Southern Conference for Human Welfare, including known espionage agents.' "The Attorney General cited the National listed Clarence A. Laws as a member of the "The Daily Worker of November 24, 1947 Negro Congress as subversive and Communist executive committee of the organization. (p. 4) reported that Thurgood Marshall was in letters released December 4, 1947, anFrench Community. It was then but Carter, of the American Veterans' Commit­ shortage, 200 persons drew their unem­ two years to complete independence. tee, was a sponsor of a conference against ployment insurance for the week and 45 As a sovereign nation the Central Af­ anti-COmmunist legislation. persons made initial claims. rican Republic has lived in peaceful "FEBRUARY 13, 1956. Mr. Speaker, what more dramatic evi­ and cooperative relations with its neigh­ "Subject: Torea Hall Pittman, assistant field dence could be found to show that to­ bors and has shown i~ concern for fur­ secretary, NAACP, 1961. · day's unemployed are either not able or thering international efforts toward "The public records, files, and publications willing to do the type of work which is maintaining and strengthening the of this committee contain the following in­ required to harvest agricultural com­ peace as a responsible member of the formation concerning the subject individual. modities? United Nations. On the domestic scene This report should not be construed as rep­ Mr. Speaker, there is no question that concentrated efforts have been made to resenting the results of an investigation by or findings of this committee. It should be California agriculture requires the im­ improve the country's economy by the noted that the individual is not necessarily portation of bracero laborers. democratic government under the presi­ a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or dency of David Daco. a fellow traveler unless otherwise indicated. The constitution of the Central Afri­ "The official proceedings of the National can Republic is dedicated to the prin­ Negro Congress for 1936 (p. 6) listed Mrs. Independence of the Central African ciples of democracy and self -determina­ Torea Pittman, of California, as a member Republic tion. Governmental powers reside in a of the general resolutions committee of the 50-member legislative assembly elected National Negro Congress. "The Attorney General of the United States by universal suffrage, a president in­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS vested by the Assembly, and an inde­ cited the National Negro Congress as subver­ OF sive and Communist in letters released De­ pendent judiciary. Both the President cember 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948; re­ HON. ADAM C. POWELL and the Assembly may initiate legisla­ designated April 27, 1953, and included on OF NEW YORK tion. the April 1, 1954, consolidated list. A. Phillip In the sphere of economic develop­ Randolph, president of the congress since its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment, the government has wisely inception in 1936, refused to run again in Monday, July 29, 1963 focused its efforts on improving agricul­ April1940 'on the ground that it was "delib­ erately packed with COmmunists and Con­ Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ ture, which is the chief economic activi­ gress of Industrial Organizations members gust 13, the Central African Repubiic ty of the Central African Republic. In who were either Communists or sympathizers will celebrate the third anniversary of an autumn 1962 address to the National with Communists." Commencing with its her independence, and we wish to take Assembly President Daco stressed the formation in 1936, Communist Party func­ need for iricreased agricultural produc­ tionaries and fellow travelers have figured this opportunity to send warm felicita­ tions to His Excellency, the President of tion and the diversification of crops. He prominently in the leadership and affairs of also pointed out that industrialization the congress • • • according to A. Phlllip the Republic, David Daco; and His Ex­ Randolph, John P. Davis, secretary of the cellency, the Central African Republic should be commensurate with locally congress, has admitted that the Commu­ Ambassador to the United States, Jean­ available raw materials and needs. nlst Party contributed $100 a month to its Pierre Kombet. Other major areas of development effort SUpport.' (Attorney General, CONGRESSIONAL The Central African Republic is cele­ in the Central African Republic are the RECORD, September 24, 1942, pp. 7687 and brating its third birthday on August 13. expansion of education and speedier 7688.) The special Committee on Un-Ameri­ Africanization of the administration. can Activities, in its report of January 3, The country is appropriately named, for the geographical center of the African President Daco and the people of the 1939 (p. 81), cited the National Negro Con­ Central African Republic, we commend gress as 'the Communist-front movement in continent lies just a few miles to the west the United States among Negroes.'" of Bangui, the capital of the Central you on the third anniversary of your in­ African Republic. Americans, however, dependence for your unceasing efforts at may be more familiar with the country's cooperation with the other members of more romantic but less modern-sound­ the world community and for your real­ The Bracero Program ing former name, Ubangi-Shari, a com­ istic and determined approach to your posite of the names of two of the re­ own development problems. EXTENSION OF REMARKS public's chief rivers. OF The ancient history of Ubangi-Shari is suitably shrouded in mystery. All that HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER is known prior to French occupation of Puerto Rican Commonwealth Day, 1963 OF CALIFORNIA the area is that there were successive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES waves of migration from the northeast EXTENSION OF REMARKS resulting in complex ethnic and linguis­ OF Monday, July 29, 1963 tic patterns. The French first reached Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, in the the area in 1887 and the first French out­ HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER July 18 issue of the Gilroy Evening Dis­ post was established at Bangui in 1889. OF NEW JERSEY patch in my home city of Gilroy, Calif., The area was constituted as a territory IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the following news article appeared: in 1894. In 1906 it was united with Chad, Monday, July 29, 1963 The apricot season starting this week brings another former French West African de­ a need for women and young people to pick pendency, to form the Ubangi-Shari­ Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, 11 and cut the fruit, there is also a need for Chad· colony. In 1910 Ubangi-Shari be­ years ago today, a form of government berrypickers, and for fanulies to pick cu­ came one of the four territories of the without precedent in all the world was cumbers, according to Arnold Hamilton, local Federation of French Equatorial Africa; established on the island of.Puerto Rico State department of employment manager. the administrative structure it then re:.. under the ensign of the United States. i3622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 . Since then, this experiment in elevating independence was declared, there ·;have The Ivory Coast· is forttinate to have a people from semicolonial status to vir­ been no political struggles for power, as­ such . an able and energetic leader ·as tual autonomy within the Federal Union sassinations, . or internal dissension. 'President. It has been successful in re­ has proved to be one of the happiest po­ Now entering their fourth year of sov­ taining close and friendly relations with litical concepts devised. The despair ereignty, the people of the Ivory Coast its former colonial ruler. It is a stable trat once stalked the streets and fields owe their continued peaceful progress to country, welcoming foreign investments of an impoverished land has given way their able President, Houphouet-Boigny. and guaranteeing protection for these to a confidence and serenity inevitable Our Attorney General, Robert Ken­ ~ investments. It is a leader among the with a government fostering self-rule, a nedy, when attending the ceremonies in French· community of nations, the Afri­ progressively higher standard of living, the Ivory Coast which commemorated . can states, and the world community. and the development of the whole man. the Republic's first year of independence, Thus the Ivory Coast is unique. Gov. Muii.oz-Marin and his people are compared President Houphouet-Boigny On this their third anniversary of in­ justifiably proud of the island's vastly to George Washington and said that he . dependence, we in the United States ex­ improved economic posture; they are is an international statesman, respected tend to the people of the Ivory Coast pleased almost as much with the ever­ throughout the world. Through the ef- . our congratulations for their progres­ widening periphery of cultural attain­ . forts of this astute personage, the Ivory siveness and unifying activities in Africa. ments. Coast gained political freedom from On the mainland of the United States, France on August 7, 1960, under the best the thousands of Puerto Ricans who of circumstances. Close ties with its for­ have traveled northward to live have ex­ mer protector have remained, especially Indians Recognize Edntondson' s Service perienced a corresponding economic and in the economic fields. There resides in social uplift, ever since the first group of the capital city a large French commu­ nity, still retaining important Govern­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS immigrants settled in the Metropolitan OF New York area. It is always difficult to ment positions and guiding the economic be the most recent immigrant arrival, affairs and destiny of the country. HON. CARL ALBERT Although France has a monopoly on and there will always be some bitterness OF OKLAHOMA trade with the Ivory Coast, recent mis­ and prejudice at the lower end of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES economic ladder. But the initiative and sions have sought development capital industry of the Puerto Rican people, elsewhere. M. Houphouet-Boigny came Monday, July 29, 1963 combined with the encouragement of to the United States in May 1962 and Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, another the Federal, State, and local govern­ received assurances from President Ken­ group of Indians in Oklahoma last week ments in urging equal employment op­ nedy that the United States would be re­ recognized the congressional service of portunity, fair housing, and better edu­ sponsive to the need for development in our colleague, the gentleman from Okla­ cation have provided a progressively his country. As such, aid for projects in homa, the Honorable En EDMONDSON. better living situation. My own district education, agriculture, fisheries, and de­ velopment of the southwest region were At Chewey, in the heart of Cherokee contains an excellent example of a Span­ country, in Adair County, Congressman ish-speaking community making great discussed and projected. Much progress has been accomplished EDMONDSON was made an honorary mem­ strides toward social betterment. ber of the Seven Clans Society of the The Puerto Rican people, whether in in the 3 years of its sovereignty. The capital, Abijan, once a small fishing vil­ Cherokee Nation. the Commonwealth or in the States, have The ceremonies, conducted before the experienced enormous progress in every lage, has expanded rapidly since a ship canal was dredged to the sea, enabling sacred fires of the society by Alex Smith area of man's quest. The economic, so­ and other organization leaders with the cial, and cultural advancement on the the city to become a modern seaport. _It now has the honor of being the fast­ assistance of Cherokee General Counsel island itself serves also to inform and Earl Boyd Pierce, honored the nearly 11 correct the naive and the gullible. Cer­ est growing city in all Africa. Educa- . tion, so important to the development years of Congressman EDMONDsoN's serv­ tainly, Puerto Rican progress is an in-, ice as representative of Oklahoma's Sec­ dispensable weapon in our fight to stem of a new country, is taking first priority in government projects. By the end of ond District. the advance of the antihumanists who Other distinguished Oklahomans hon­ seek to establish communism in this its third educational development plan, ever 45 percent of all children are now ored in the same ceremonies included hemisphere. But it is primarily, in the Area Director Virgil Harrington of the last analysis, a tribute to the hard work attending schools. Agriculture remains the basic liveli­ Bureau of Indian Affairs, a former con­ and dedication of the Puerto Rican stituent of mine who has an outstand­ people. hood of 90 percent of the Ivory Coast population, with coffee and cocoa its two ·ing record in the Department of Interior, leading crops. But with development and District Judge E. G. Carroll of Okla­ homa, one of our State's most distin­ Independence of the Ivory Coast Republic capital from abroad, industrialization is forging ahead. Manganese is now be­ guished trial judges. ing mined and processed. There is now The recognition of Congressman EXTENSION OF REMARKS a plant to process instant coffee sold EDMONDSON's service to the Indians is a OF as a commodity mainly to the United logical result of his able service on the States. And even a television network Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the HON. ADAM C. POWELL will be installed in Abidjan this year. House Committee on Interior and Insular OF NEW YORK President Houphouet-Boigny is not Affairs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only looking out for the interests of his As ranking Democratic member of Monday, July 29, 1963 own country in international affairs. He the Indian Affairs Subcommittee, En is also a leading figure among all Afri­ EDMONDSON has won the commendation Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ of many tribes and leaders of the N a­ gust 7, the Republic of the Ivory Coast can states, especially those which were former French colonies. His address tiona! Congress of American Indians for will celebrate the third anniversary of at the Addis Ababa Conference brought his consistent support of measures to her independence, and we wish to take his country to the fore as an exponent of improve Indian health, educational and this opportunity to send warm felicita­ African unity. His numerous trips to employment opportunities. tions to His Excellency, the President other African states have solidified and In 1956, the Otoe-Missouria Tribe con­ and Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast, stabilized the political force of Africa. ferred honorary membership upon our Felix Houphouet-Boigny, and His Ex­ By being the first African state to rati­ colleague and named him Chief Cha­ cellency, the Ivory Coast Ambassador to fy the Charter of the Organization of Doe-Ye-Na, or Little Buffalo. the United States, Kanan Bedie. African Unity established by the Addis In 1960, the Quapaws made him hon­ Unique is a word which may readily be Ababa Conference, the Ivory Coast pro­ orary chief with the name of Gah-Ne­ applied to the Ivory Coast. This Repub­ claimed its good and since intentions Tunga, or Big Thunder. lic achieved its independence quietly and and permanently established its lead­ Outside Oklahoma, as well as at home, without revolution. Furthermore, since ership in pan-African affairs. Indian leaders have acknowledged the 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE '13623 role of En EDMONDSON as an able cham- a federally balanced budget, reduction of claimed that nuclear explosives under 1 kilo­ pion of Indiap p1:ogr_es~. .. . ' : debt, and straightforward reduction of taxes . ton, in the a,tmosph~re can _be detected. The tribal chairman of the· Menomi­ including tax rate reduction, instead of the With experiments using small explosives, fuzzy tortuous-Presidential tax ·reform rec- missile advances can be conducted. These nees express~~ that -triJ:>e:s appreciation · ommendations. · If the President really · small explosions made by the Russians, may in 1960 and wrote, "We know now why wants to reduce the imbalance of payments seal our doom." the Indians of Oklahoma evaluate your why does he not stop giving our money - There are two conclusions here that should service so highly." - away. While we have the greatest debt in be apparent to even the most naive and cer­ A top executive of the National Con­ the world we continue to continue to give t ainly should be clear to the President, ( 1) gress of American Indians appropriately foreign aid all over the world. Even our We cannot detect their testing and, (2) We referred to Congressman EDMONDSON as increased exports are recognized to be there- must continue our testing. sult largely of our own subsidy. We give "one of the best friends the Indians have IN THE HOUSE THIS WEEK foreign n ations mone-y and they buy from in Congress." us. This is artificial growth. Further, that Comic relief came in the guise of "boiled In this body, where almost every week money remaining in foreign hands can be peanuts" and any laughter relieves tension produces some new legislation or matter converted into our gold at their discre-tion. on the floor. Yet if laughter seemed hollow where Indian rights are involved, it is Is it any wonder that foreign nations have it was because of the realization that this good to have in our midst an able and built up such dollar reserves, callable in gold? plea to remove boiled peanut acreage from conscientious student of Indian history Indeed, in many instances foreign n ations Government control leaves other peanut and have refused to lower their tariffs after additional crop growers still under Federal and problems, with the ability and dedi­ Government dictation. cation of ED EDMONDSON. agreeing to do so to match our reduction be­ cause they have pleaded dollar shortage. Grief came in the sudden death of Hjalmar It is also good to note that the Indian Our foreign give-away and disproportionate Nygaard (a relative newcomer and younger people are aware of his service and support of the U.N. are instances of our in­ Member in his second term) of a heart at­ appreciate it, and we congratulate our ability to live within our means and exer­ tack during debate on the ADP bill, andre­ colleague upon the honor just conferred cise financial self-discipline. It is high time minds us of our tensions. I was privileged upon him. the New Frontiersmen and other new So­ to visit Hfalmar in his district and to know cialists including our President, Schlesinger, him. Once again the flags _at half mast were Heller, Galbraith, and others realize the im­ an unwelcome sight at morning going to balance of payments result from the big work. Washington Report spending policies, deficit financing, Govern­ Automatic data processing equipment ment in business and the increasing regu­ (ADP) comprises the electronic brain com­ puting machines now widely used by many EXTENSION OF REMARKS lation and control of our society by Federal Government, under the liberal-radical agencies of the Government. In an effort OF Democrats. to streamline Government, increase effi­ Besides foreign aid gifts of our money, as ciency, and eliminate cost at an estimated HON. BRUCE ALGER an example of the liberal Democrats failing savings of $100 million yearly, a bill (H.R. OF TEXAS to see the answer, look at their political 5171) was presented to place the coordina­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES charges in the past of the need for low in­ tion of their joint use under the GSA (Gen­ eral Services Administration). Eight Gov­ Monday, July 29, 1963 terest rates and criticism of increasing in­ terest rates. Democrats demand low interest ernment agencies disapproved, yet the Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, under per­ rates; as a result U.S. capital flows Comptroller General recommended this pro­ abroad to get higher rates. If the interest gram. Even though generally not well un­ mission to extend my remarks in the derstood, the bill passed (ALGER for). RECORD I include my newsletter of July rates were higher at home the money would stay here. So instead of recognizing the need Charges embodying economy and false econ- 20,1963: for raising the interest rates, the President . omy were exchanged. I believe this effort WASHINGTON REPORT BY CONGRESSMAN BRUCE seeks to prevent the outflow by taxing the . to be sound and can succeed without trans­ ALGER, 5TH DISTRICT, TEXAS, JULY 20, 1963 · money sent overseas. gression on each agency's jurisdiction and peculiar needs. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS DANGER IN TEST BAN NEGOTIATIONS The Presidential message on balance, that Most important development this week is, imbalance, of payments once again shows was the beginning of talks on a nuclear test the President's misunderstanding of problem · ban agreement with the Soviet Union. The and solution to the problem. Because of danger is that the people of the United Swiss National Day Government programs and controls our Na­ States could lose World War III without ever tion yearly must pay others more than they knowing that it had begun. Besides the EXTENSION OF REMARKS pay us. Further, others can collect by_de­ cruel :(acts of history showing that the So­ OF manding our gold for their dollars whUe we vie-t Union never honors its agreements, and hold foreign I 0 U's. While o_ur foreign as­ that they ruthlessly broke the last test ban HON. JOHN F. SHELLEY sets (according to the President) exceed our moratorium when it suited their purpose, OF CALIFORNIA debts by $27 billion we are, because of our my concern over the present negotiations is Government's policies, in danger of losing all even greater because of a talk by Dr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our gold and devaluing the dollar. So the Edward Teller. Recognized as one of the Monday, July 29, 1963 stage is set for our economic collapse. Be­ world's greatest scientists, Dr. Teller's warn­ cause of our Government's fiscal policies, the ings should m ake us consider the implica­ Mr. SHELLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Swiss world can demand $24 billion in gold and tions of enterin g into agreements with the people are known throughout the world we have less than $4 billion with which to Russians on test bans. Here are some for their individualistic love of freedom pay off, before dipping into the approxi­ · thoughts he gives us to ponder. "It is my and their readiness to defend their na­ mately $12 billion of gold which backs up · conviction that today the Russians are ahead and gives our dollar. its value. All our gold of us in nuclear weapons. I cannot prove tion; for their careful attention to the now equals only $15.6 billion. So what does this statement, but I will say to you cate­ obligations of citizenship, and for their the President do? He imposes more finan­ gorically that no one can prove its opposite." success in maintaining a harmonious and cial straitjacketing. He seeks to cure there­ With even the slightest indication that Rus­ stable country. We all know neutral sults of Federal controls and dictates by sia is leading the United l:;tates in the devel­ Switzerland as a country where Latin more Federal regulation and control, a 15- opment of nuclear explosives, how can any­ and Teuton, Catholic and Protestant, percent tax called interest equalization tax one in this country be optimistic about a worker and banker can live together in on t he purchase by Americans of new or test ban agreement which will bind us be­ outstanding foreign securities--a tax on the cause we honor our agreements, but will peace and harmony. Not so many of us free flow of money, a wall to prevent the have no effect upon the activities of the realize that this remarkable combination financial activities we have always encour­ Soviet Union because history proves they do of diversity and harmony has a history aged in the past. not. which dates back almost seven centuries. The President, despite the lengthy analy­ Dr. Teller also points out that he believes Today we have an opportunity to salute sis, skirt ed the basic problems at the heart the Russians may be close to developing an the gallant people of Switzerland, be­ of t he situation. Capitalism, the private antimissile missile. If they succeed, or if cause August 1, 1963, is the 672d anniver­ en terprise system, thrives on freedom, not they can make us believe they are about to sary of the Swiss Confederation. Federal int ervention. The tax he proposes succeed and we have· not developed such a On August 1, 1291, the citizens of three on the flow of mo:q.ey is no solution . . Why weapon, . then we have no defenses. Dr. doesn't the President .and his advisers turn Teller s_ays: "In order to develop missile de­ cantons within what is now Switzer­ instead to fiscal responsibility? .The _Presi­ fe~ses one needs to test in the atmosphere, land-Uri, Schwyz, and Lower Unter­ dent and his deficit financing advisers have but one does not need big tests. No one, in walden-banded together into a defen­ forgotten the reasons for and the need for or out of the Disarmament Agency has sive league. During the next several CIX--857 13624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 29 centuries more cantons were added to came an independent nation. In his In summary, we congratulate Presi­ this league, and in 1798, after consider­ message to President Diori on the oc­ dent Diori and the people of Niger for ably more territory had been acquired, a casion of Niger's independence President their accomplishments in the first 3 years unified Helvetic Republic was formed. Eisenhower observed that the United of independence. Niger has shown itself In 1803 Napoleon Boneparte gave the States had followed Niger's progress to­ a responsible member of the world com­ Swiss a new constitution and the num­ ward independence with great interest munity and a country of admirable and ber of cantons--the confederate parts and welcomed with deep satisfaction the realistic domestic policies. of Switzerland-increased to 19. Switz­ event, which was achieved in friendly erland acquired two further consti­ cooperation with France. tutions during the 19th century, of On August 3, 1963, the third anniver­ which the second survives to the pres­ sary of Niger'~ independence, we once Senator Keating Honored by Assembly ent day. Despite domestic crises and again salute Niger's independence. We of Captive European Nations foreign interventions, the Swiss Confed­ assure the people of Niger that our in­ eration has remained intact through al­ terest in their country has not waned most seven centuries. Today, as we note and that Niger's cooperative spirit has EXTENSION OF REMARKS the ahniversary of the founding of the remained a deep source of satisfaction OF Swiss Confederation, we greet all friends to us and to the rest of the community of Switzerland everywhere. of nations. Niger has continued to HON. HAROLD C. OSTERTAG Americans have long enjoyed a special maintain close financial, trade, and com­ OF NEW YORK bond of friendship with the Swiss people. mercial ties with France in the 3 years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One reason may be that our countries since independence, to the advantage ·of Monday, July 29, 1963 respect many of the same principles of both countries. In addition, Niger has government. The Swiss people, who have enjoyed friendly relations with all the Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker Cap­ been called the most democratic in the neighboring African countries and has tive Nations Week was observed th~ week world, exercise a direct voice in their cooperated with them in common enter­ of July 14-20 to focus worldwide atten­ Government, and have been able to rec­ prises. As a member of the Conseil de tion upon the imperialistic policies of oncile the interests and ideas of diverse !'Entente, together with. Dahomey, Ivory the Soviet Union in subjugating and op­ groups. Coast, and Upper Volta, Niger has pressing the peoples of more than two worked closely with three of its neighbor dozen nations throughout the world. Some have suggested that the remark­ During this observance we gave reas­ able success with which the Swiss have states in a customs union and political pact of mutual benefit. surance to these captive peoples that the preserved their national independence free world has not forgotten them and through the centuries is a reflection of Furthermore, Niger's constitution es­ tablishes it as a democratic republic. pledges its efforts to restore liberty anci the physical characteristics of the coun­ justice to their nations. try. Formerly the traditional isolation The preamble to the constitution reaf­ firms Niger's adherence to the principles One of the highlights of the week was of the Swiss mountain folk was only the program conducted by the Assembly partly tempered by the mountains and of democracy, human rights, and civil liberties. The constitution itself states of Captive European Nations at the Na­ rivers that link Switzerland with the out­ tional Press Club on July 17. On that side world. But in the 20th century, Niger's determination to establish rela­ tions of cooperation and solidarity with occasion the assembly honored U.S. Sen­ when rapid means of transportation and ator KENNETH B. KEATING, of New York, communication have reduced the im­ all the states in the French Community. In practice, Niger's relations with the and other outstanding leaders for their portance of natural barriers between stanch support of the cause of the cap­ peoples, the Swiss continue to defend whole world community have been co­ operative and friendly. tive nations. their national independence and neu­ Senator KEATING delivered an incisive trality, despite the cataclysms of war Economically Niger is chiefly an agri­ cultural country whose main cash crops address concerning our policy toward the that have taken place around them. One captive nations and their Communist op..; suspects that mountains have been less are peanuts, cotton, livestock, and live­ stock products. Approximately 97 per­ pressors, and I request unanimous con­ important in preserving Swiss independ­ sent to have Senator KEATING's remarks ence than the steadfast determination cent of the population is engaged in farming and stockraising, and industry printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of th,e Swiss people. I am happy to sa­ for the consideration of my colleagues lute Switzerland and her friends around is limited essentially to companies proc­ essing agricultural products. We com­ and the Nation. the world on the anniversary of the ADDRESS BY SENATOR KEATING AT CAPTIVE founding of the Swiss Confederation. mend the Niger Government for recog­ nizing that the economic development NATIONS WEEK DINNER, JULY 17,1963 which is one of the primary goals of Mr. Chairman, distinguished guests, ladies, every new independent nation must be and gentlemen, it is a privilege for me to be here to join with you in commemorating the Independence of Niger achieved within this framework. fifth annual observance of Captive Nations The 1961-63 development plan was one Week. of modest and realistic goals, not of pipe I am especially pleased to see my good EXTENSION OF REMARKS dreams which were impossible of realiza­ friend, Senator DoDD, here today. Some of OF tion. Recognizing the necessity of es­ you may have heard that ToM and I recently tablishing the essential preconditions of received a very high honor from Moscow. HON. ADAM C. POWELL a long range development plan before When the Kremlin issued a directive a few OF NEW YORK launching into such a program, the Niger weeks ago ordering a worldwide purge of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government has concenterated on four outspoken anti-Communists, the two of us Monday, July 29, 1963 basic objectives: First, increasing school were singled out for special attention. One might say that we made the top of the Com­ Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ attendance; second, improving the rate of national income growth to 4 percent munist hate parade. gust 3, the Republic of Niger will cele­ annually, with chief emphasis on agri­ Fortunately, this is one of those occasions brate the third anniversary of her in­ when it's nice to be unpopular. It's quite cultural development and land reclama­ heartening, as a matter of fact, for a Senator dependence, and we wish to take this tion, the development of the livestock in­ to know that his words and actions are not opportunity to senrl warm felicitations to dustry, and the more rapid flow of rural to the liking of the Soviet hierarchy. His Excellency, the President and Prime products into the money economy; third, This unexpected testimonial from Moscow M~nister of Niger, Hamani Diori; and to develop internal and external trade was prompted in no small measure, I am H1s Excellency, the Niger Ambassador to in order to convert Niger from a subsist­ sure, by our strong support of, and partici­ the United States. pation in, the annual observance of Captive ence to a money economy; and fourth, Nations Week. Mr. Khrushchev and his chief In 1960 Niger, the largest of the eight to increase and diversify exports, while lieutenants are terribly touchy about this territories that formerly comprised gradually replacing imports with local subject-and I don't blame them. French West Africa and a country about manufactures in order to increase the It's understandable that they would pre­ the size of our States of Texas, Okla­ supply of foreign exchange available for fer to have the world forget their suppres­ homa, and New Mexico combined, be- needed equipment. sion of national independence throughout 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13625 the Red empire in defiance of solemn treaties fitting the strongest nation on the face of the mination to the ·peoples of the captive and agreements. earth. nations. Until this happens, we shall not I am s.ure they want the world-to forget In our zeal for constructive negotiation, dignify these totalitarian satel11te regimes by the anguished cries for freedom that were we must never allow ourselves to be bullied the slightest hint that we might enter into heard in East Germany in 1952 and again into a posture of accommodation. a deal with them. in Poland in 1956. I am certain they don't And in our desire to protect those who en­ Standing fast on these principles, we must want the world to remember the roar of joy freedom in the world, we must never continue to identify ourselves not with the Russians tanks patrolling the blood­ turn our backs on those from whom freedom torturers but with the tortured; not with the drenched streets of Budapest. has been wrenched by the forces of com­ ruthless, self-imposed rulers but with the These cold, hard facts, brought to the sur­ munism. unwilling subjects and their desire to re­ face during Captive Nations Week, give lie While capitalizing on our own strength, we cover the right of free choice in their own to the twisted distortions of the Red propa­ should be mindful of the Red empire's grow­ internal affairs. ganda machine. And so, as we recommit ing weaknesses. I stand before you as one who staunchly ourselves today to supporting the just as­ We have already seen the signs of discon­ believes this right of free choice will be re­ pirations of the people of the captive na­ tent in the Sino-Soviet world. An ideologi­ covered. It will not happen overnight, but tions, let us hope that our message travels cal split is threatening to turn warlord it will happen. far and wide alerting the whole world that against warlord. Russia's technological ad­ And while the people of the United States we are here giving national recognition to vances have extracted a high price from the continue to pray for-and work toward-this Communist perfidy, duplicity, and tyranny. Russian people in terms of material neces­ goal, let us not lower our standards, let us Unfortunately, as we commemorate this sities. Collectivized agriculture has failed, not settle !or a world free !or diversity, but fifth anniversary of Captive Nations Week, resulting in widespread hunger throughout rather for a world free for all men. there is a disquieting note in the air-one the Red domain. which has me greatly disturbed. Finally, the innate desire of God's crea­ It occurs to me that this year's observance tures to forge their own futures and control has been greeted with something less than their own destinies must be reckoned with. Israel and Oar Policy in the Middle East enthusiasm by our national policymakers. Surely a paramount weakness is the still­ The weak wording of the proclamation, and burning desire of the captive peoples be­ the lack of attendant publicity and pro­ hind the Iron CUrtain to throw off the yoke EXTENSION OF REMARKS motion in connection with the observance of tyranny they now bear. In any crisis, OF leaves me both puzzled and dismayed. these suppressed peoples will not be loyal To my mind, a token observance of Captive supporters of Communist aggression. In­ HON. JAMES C. HEALEY will Nations Week-one lacking enthusiasm and stead they seize upon the opportunity of OF NEW YORK inspiration-would be worse than having international turmoil to rebel against their no official observance at all. captors and aline themselves with the forces IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Downgrading of the event, year after year, of freedom. Monday, July 29, 1963 by this country's leading spokesmen will In light of these festering weaknesses, doubtless force a diminution of its impor­ I view this year's observance of Captive Na­ Mr. HEALEY. Mr. Speaker, this past tance to Americans. For the observance to tions Week as a golden opportunity for this week President Nasser celebrated the be truly meaningful and truly national in country's leaders to strengthen the spirit of 11th anniversary of his rise to power in scope, our Government must be more pur­ our enslaved brethren behind the Iron Cur­ Egypt by an impressive display of mili­ poseful in its display of enthusiasm in the tain and to bolster their faith in our tary might, including rockets, Mig-19 future. resoluteness. We must demonstrate this week-and and 21 fighter planes, Dyushan bombers, I am disturbed also by some of the new and a new "Arab" submarine. language that is cropping up in our foreign throughout the ensuing weeks-that we are policy statements. In recent weeks, the not only strong and determined but that A military display of this kind by the word "accommodation" has been given a new we recognize our unqualified commitment to Egyptian dictator underscores the seri­ measure of respectability--and I don't mean work for their eventual liberation. ousness of the threat to the small State the reference to public accommodations in This w~ek, re}>resentatives of the United of Israel. In his anniversary speech, the civil rights bill. States, Britain, and Soviet Russia are meet­ President Nasser once again made his We have heard reference to our helping to ing to discuss the possib111ty of a nuclear intention clear when said: make the world "sate for diversity." We test-ban treaty. This is a thoroughly worthwhile effort, The liberation of Palestine does not de­ have heard the contention advanced that pend on words for local consumption but on the Soviet Union has a "deep interest in a which I believe has the support o! the great majority of the American people. A ban on one plan with armies, with missiles, and just and genuine peace.'' everything. I shudder to think of how such policy atmospheric nuclear testing 1s important to statements are received by the victims of the whole world. Since Israel was established, with the Communist oppression behind the Iron At the same time, there is reason to be­ lieve that Russia may seek a package agree­ approval of the United Nations and Curtain. Do these prisoners think their through the assistance of our own Na­ jailers have a deep interest in a just and ment, couping a valuable test-ban treaty genuine peace? Do they want the world safe with a nonaggression pledge between the tion, the surrounding Arab States have for the kind of diversity that has them in NATO countries and the Warsaw Pact na­ attempted to destroy her, either by out­ bondage? Do they appreciate the new­ tions. right military power or by economic boy­ found fashionableness of the word "accom­ This would be an obvious attempt by cott and blockade. modation"? I bardly think so. Khrushchev to force the West into a disas­ In 1948 and in 1956, Israel relied on And what about the response of the op­ trous acceptance o! the status quo in Cen­ the superior quality and morale of its pressors themselves? Are they moved by this tral and Eastern Europe. fightingmen to overcome the numerical new language into mending their ways? On Whether or not any formal agreement is the contrary, they are encouraged at least entered into, the mere participation by the superiority of her hostile neighbors. But to continue--and perhaps intensify-their West in serious discussions of sttch a pledge the rapid advance of modern military old ways of conquest. would be inexcusable. technology has offset this advantage. It Khruschchev's reaction was typical. He Anything short of an outright refusal to does not require a great deal of skill to viewed the new approach as an indication discuss the proposal might well be consid­ push the buttons which shoot missiles that we are losing confidence in our own ered by the captive peoples as a sellout. capable of destroying cities. And with strength. We have absolutely nothing to gain by the aid of German scientists and the So­ It is significant that he made an immediate consideration of such a nonaggression viet Union, Nasser now has rockets of reference to Western strength because this pledge. We know from the lessons of his­ is one commodity he understands and re­ tory that agreements in the hands of Com­ such capability. spects. munists are valueless. And if the mere The time when the Arab States feel Whether translated in terms of military signing o! a document constitutes a guaran­ confident that they can destroy Israel might or national determination, our tee, then the Charter of the United Nations is rapidly approaching. And they have strength has always been the roadblock bar­ should be guarantee enough. made it clear that when that time comes ring his pa_th to world domination. For this On the other hand, we have much to lose they will attack. reason, perhaps his comment was more of a in this connection. Such discussions would We cannot allow that moment to ar­ wish than a thought. build a wave of disrespect in the free world rive. As Myer Feldman, deputy special However, regardless of his motivation, we and discouragement in the slave world. must never allow the notion that we are los­ The only answer to a NATO-Warsaw non­ counsel to President Kennedy, said in a ing confidence in our own strength. We need aggression proposal is to stand firmly on the recent speech: not constantly fiex our military muscle to historic position that any and all pledges The peace of Israel is a test of man's con­ convince the world of our power. We n~d of this .nature II}USt come after, and not be­ science. A world which allows Israel to only to conduct ourselves in a manner be- fore, the granting of the right of self-deter- falter or fail could not itself survive anarchy. 13626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE July 29 Mr. Speaker, I have introduced a reso­ sist in great part of surplus foods-but our G6vernment to (1) clearly define what lution for a collective defense agreement the fact is that our aid does ease the it would consider aggression; (2) intensify with Israel, joining some of my col­ economic burden at home so that Egypt efforts to end the arms race in the area, leagues in the House and in the Senate, meanwhile assuri~g that the balance of arms can afford to buy the armaments for ag­ is not upset; (3) provide a formal guarantee, who have proposed such a resolution in gressive adventure abroad. upon request, of the independence and in­ order to protect the territorial integrity The immediate need in the Near East tegrity of any state in the region; (4) vig­ and political independence of Middle is stability and an agreement which will orously discourage the violent hate campaign East States which wish to join in a col­ guarantee the peace. against Israel conducted by the Arab States; lective agreement. But the real key to peace in the Near and (5) reevaluate the present U.S. policy The resolution reads: East does not lie with security agree­ of impartiality toward peaceful nations and Whereas on May 25, 1950, the United those nations pursuing belligerent policies ments or with limiting the acquisition inimical to the peace and stability of the States, the United Kingdom, and France is­ of arms. To achieve a lasting peace and sued a three-party declaration pledging Middle East. themselves to hold inviolate the borders be­ to spread development and a higher tween Israel and the Arab States and to as­ standard of living throughout the whole sure and guarantee those borders; and region, Israel, and Arab leaders must sit Whereas the Congress, on March 9, 1957, down and negotiate their differences. Independence of Dahomey adopted a joint resolution authorizing the I have introduced a resolution calling President to "cooperate with and assist any upon our delegation to the United Na­ nation or group of nations in the general tions to introduce and support a resolu­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS area of the Middle East desiring such as­ OF sistance in the development of economic tion favoring direct negotiations between strength dedicated to the maintenance of Israel and the Arab States "as an indis­ HON. ADAM C. POWELL national independence," and to undertake pensable condition toward the attain­ ment of peace and cooperation." The OF NEW YORK in such area military assistance programs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with any nation or group of nations desiring text of the resolution is as follows: such assistance against armed aggression Whereas warlike threats in the Middle East, Monday, July 29, 1963 from any country controlled by international accompanied by increased arms shipments communism; and Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ to the area from the Soviet Union are taking will Whereas the outbreak of armed conflict place; and gust 1, the Republic of Dahomey in the Middle East would be likely to spread Whereas continuing Arab-Israel conflict is celebrate the third anniversary of her to other areas; and a threat to the peace, menacing the security independence, and we wish to take this Whereas recent• events in the Middle East, of all the peoples of the Middle East and opportunity to send warm felicitations to including an arms buildup by the Arab disrupting their progress and development His Excellency, the President of Da­ States with the encouragement and support because of the wasteful diversion of their homey, Hubert Maga; and His Excel­ of the Soviet Union, constitute a serious resources for armaments; and threat to international peace: Therefore be lency, the Dahomey Ambassador to the Whereas article II, sectton 3 of the United United States, Louis Ignacio Pinto. it Nations Charter provides that "all members ResolVed, That the President is urged to Dahomey is one of the smallest and invite the United Kingdom, France, and any shall settle their international disputes by most densely populated countries in West other interested nations to join with the peaceful means"; and Whereas the United Nations should be Africa. Its area covers no more than United States in a collective defense agree­ 44,290 square miles, but it haR an esti­ ment with Israel, and any other Middle East strengthened in its efforts to uphold that state which is willing to join and carry out provision of the United Nations Charter: mated population of over 1.7 million. its obligations under such an agreement, and Now, therefore, be it Nonetheless, although small and over­ to provide such military and other assistance Resolved, That it is the s~nse of the House populated, it has achieved considerable and cooperation as may be necessary to pro­ of Representatives that the United States advancement toward the goals of a mod­ tect the territorial integrity and political delegation to the United Nations introduce ern democratic state. Even prior to in­ independence of any nation in the Middle and support a resolution favoring direct ne­ dependence Dahomey had the highest East which is a party to the agreement gotiations between Israel and the Arab per capita school attendance of all the against armed attack by any other nation. States as an indispensable condition toward the attainment of peace and cooperation and cour.tries in French West Africa, and be­ In Europe and in Asia we have joined the settlement of all outstanding disputes cause of the continuing emphasis on with other free nations to mutually between them. education Dahomey today has one of the most advanced and best educated.popu­ guarantee the defense of our common Two weeks ago, at his first press con­ interests. These agreements have served lations in Africa. Approximately 25 per­ to prevent aggression. And when aggres­ ference, the new Prime Minister of Israel, cent of the country's entire budget is be­ Levi Eshkol, reiterated Israel's willing­ ing devoted to education. sion did occur in one or two instances, ness to meet with President Nasser "or the United States has immediately come any other Arab leader at any time, any­ Dahomey is also coping realistically to the aid of her ally. Such an agree­ where • • • without making any prior and successfully with its other develop­ ment with Israel would serve notice that conditions." It seems to me, Mr. Speak­ ment problems. The most crucial imme­ we will not countenance any attack upon er, that our Government should do every­ diate problem is to expand the agricul­ her and that, in addition, we are mind­ thing in its power to bring about such tural economy sufficiently to meet the ful of our responsibilities for the main­ a meeting. I urge that in the next ses­ needs of the rapidly growing population; tenance of world peace. sion of the U.N. General Assembly our to this end Dahomey has instituted and But Nasser's ambition does not end is extending crop yield and quality im­ with the liquidation of Israel. He has delegation call for efforts to lead the provement projects. Efforts are also ambitions which encompass all the Mid­ Arab leaders to the peace table. underway to expand trade, in particular dle East. At the moment, Syria, Jordan, Mr. Speaker, in closing, I wish to in­ to increase exports in order that Da­ and Saudi Arabia, are being subjected to sert some pertinent excerpts from recent homey's longstanding unfavorable trade subversion, threats, and invective. In statements of the American Jewish Com­ balance might be redressed. Dahomey Yemen, Egyptian troops are engaged in mittee: has a relatively good transportation sys­ wholesale massacre. Eyewitness reports The United States, as leader of the free tem, and its port facilities have been im­ world, must assume a primary and continu­ charge that Egyptian bombers have been ing responsibility, both directly and through proved since independence. A modern using poison gas against helpless villag­ the United Nations, for the maintenance of deepwater port at Cotonou, the capital, ers. Despite the fact that Nasser agreed peace and security in this turbulent region. costing more than $21 million, is sched­ some months ago to withdraw all his • • • The United States should vigorously uled to open sometime this year. It will troops from Yemen, Egyptians are still pursue all avenues of negotiation, particu­ hold four times the amount of traffic of actively engaged there. larly with the Soviet Union, to remove the the previously inadequate facilities. Nasser obtains the armaments for his Middle East from the cold war arena. • • • In the political sphere Dahomey has a A peace settlement between Israel and the campaign in Yemen and for his buildup Arab States is essential to the creation of responsible government willing to coop­ against Israel from the Soviet Union. a stable and secure Middle East. We urge erate with other countries on the African But it is our foreign aid which allows our Government steadfastly to continue its · continent and in the world community. him to purchase quantities of sophis­ efforts toward this prime objective. Executive power is held bY a president ticated Soviet weapons. Our aid may be The American Jewish Committee believes elected for a 5-year term by universal for economic development--it may con- that implementation of U.S. policy requires suffrage. · Legislative power belongs to a 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13627 National Assembly, also elected by uni­ olution of the Rail Merger Problem'' be and regional impact of mergers is not now versal suffrage every 5 years. Dahomey printed in the RECORD. adequately assessed. This should be of par­ is one of the four countries which make ticular interest to State commissioners and There being no objection, the address other State representatives concerned with up the Conseil de !'Entente, a West Afri­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, local and regional growth. can cooperative association comprising a as follows: I directed a letter to the Chairman of the customs union and :financial assistance A POSITIVE RESOLUTION OF THE RAIL MERGER Interstate Commerce Commission and to the fund; the four Entente countries also co­ PROBLEM Secretary of Commerce asking these agencies ordinate development plans and attempt (By Senator EsTES KEFAUVER) concerned with transportation whether they to work out common policies in the :fields We have now come far enough along with had made any investigations, studies, or re­ of taxation, public administration, labor these rail merger proposals to know that most ports with respect to some 16 factors highly legislation, public works, and transpor­ of the railroad industry is involved in a mas­ relevant to the testing of rail mergers. The tation and communication. sive movement toward consolidation and general answer was that they had done On the inter-African scene Dahomey concentration of economic power in trans­ nothing. portation. With the Interstate Commerce The point was made that the Commission has been a steadfast supporter of efforts relies on the participants in merger cases toward inter-African unity. First it Commission openly encouraging rail mer­ gers (but without real guidelines), and with to develop the facts, that the Commission joined the other French-speaking Afri­ the administration not aggressively op­ makes its determination solely on the record can States in adopting the charter of posed to a merger movement, we know we made, and does not engage an independent African and Malagasy Union which pro­ are on the threshold of a restructuring of analysis. When we looked into this, we vided for the coordination of members' our railroad network. The key question is: found many one-sided cases, with those best foreign policy and the harmonization of Are we as a Government strong enough, and able to challenge applicant cases and provide knowledgeable enough today, to effectuate crucial testimony withdrawing from the economic and defense policy. Recently, litigation or not appearing at all. In many at the Addis Ababa conference of inde­ the best rail alinements and discourage, and if need be reject, those merger proposals instances those carriers and shippers remain­ pendent African States it was one of the which will do vioience to a healthy, competi­ ing in the cases gave only token participa­ signers of a charter which for the :first tive private transportation system. This tion. Recognizing this danger of collapsing time provides for cooperation among all _question has given me great concern. records and the need for an independent the African States, those in North Africa The cards are now on the table, for the testing of mergers, the Commission called as well as those south of the Sahara. On Congress, for the Commission, and for the in its staff members to "bolster the record" a global scale, Dahomey became a mem­ administration. There will be no turning in only two cases. Careful perusal of · the ber of the United Nations shortly after back after this game is played. The deci­ records in these cases has left me with the sions xnade during the next few years by impression that Commission experts, as well its accession to independence. Its votes as other public interest participants, have in the United Nations have borne out its those responsible for our transportation not presented a sufficient independent test­ policy wlll be irrevocable, and more, they dedication to the goals of maintaining will be cruicial to the growth of our country, ing of applicants cases. I must say that the the peace and furthering economic and the preservation of our security, and the per­ recent testimony of Commission experts in ·social development throughout the petuation of our concept of private enter­ the Pennsylvania-Central case gives promise world. prise under regulation. These are indeed of improvement in this area. The Depart­ high stakes, demanding the highest ability ment of Justice has been attempting to put Thus, we salute you, President Maga, into perspective many issues on brief, but and your people for 3 years of praise­ of the players, and the keenest interpretation and enforcement of the rules. There is it has not had the manpower or the ex­ worthy accomplishments as an inde­ no room for cowardice or mistake in meet· pertise to develop the record sufficiently. pendent nation, both on the domestic ing this rail merger problem and in solving These cases are indeed too vital for us to rely scene and in the world community. it in the public interest-and by the public solely on the challenge of other carriers and interest I mean the direct interest of the shippers whose interests may not be suffi­ consumer and the shipper, as well as the ciently hostile to provide adequate examina­ carrier. Railroad consolidation and reor­ tion of public interest criteria. Address by Senator Kefauver on Resolu­ ganization is everybody's problem, and the I am reminded of the testimony of Com­ Federal Government, not the industry, has missioner Paul A. Rasmussen of the Min­ tion of Rail Merger Problem the final responsibility as to how that prob­ nesota Railway & Warehouse Commission, a lem is solved. friend to many of you, and I should like to Recognizing the importance of rail mergers quote from his testimony with respect to the EXTENSION OF REMARKS as a part of its general concern over the Northern Lines proceeding: OF concent1·ation of economic power throughout "When the railroads find it necessary to American industry, the Senate Antitrust and take 6 years in preparing a merger applica­ HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY Monopoly Subcommittee, of which I am tion, it is both unrealistic and unfair to even OF :MINNESOTA chairman, conducted an investigation and anticipate that the U.S. Department of Jus­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES held extensive hearings. What we found was tice, the State governments, industries, and enough to sicken the heart of anyone hold­ labor organii!lations that are opposed to the Monday, July 29, 1963 ing faith in the concept of economic regu­ merger should be allowed only a few months to react to a petition that has been com­ Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, l'e­ lations in transportation. The plain fact of the matter is that the Commission was piled by the best legal minds in the United _cently the distinguished Senator from not prepared for the size and extent of the States, outstanding statisticians, account­ Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER] delivered a merger proposals which descended upon it, ants, and research experts. Many State util­ thoughtful and incisive address, "A Posi­ and it is still in search of a merger policy ity commissions found themselves abruptly tive Resolution of the Rail Merger Prob­ when most of the industry is before it de­ confronted with the responsibility of pro­ lem," before the Great Lakes Association manding approval of its plans. testing railroad mergers in the interest of of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners. In the first place, we found that the In­ the economy of their respective State and terstate Commerce Commission, although yet in a position where not $1 had been ap­ In this speech Senator KEFAUVER, propriated for this type of an expense. chairman of the Antitrust and Monopoly entrusted with plenary authority to approve rail mergers, is unequipped to make these * • * • Subcommittee, pointed out that the mag­ vital social and economic decisions. The "The point, gentlemen, I am trying to make nitude and extent of proposed railroad law under which it operates is so vague as is that the protestants should have an op­ mergers before the ICC indicates the wis­ to provide no definitive criteria which could portunity to be as thoroughly and well pre­ dom of declaring a suspension of :final have been followed by the railroads in choos­ pared as the petitioning railroads. In a decision on every pending application ing their merger courses. Instead of making matter of such importance, something m~re until clearly defined regional and na­ any general investigation of the mass merger than token opposition should be expected movement, and coming out with policy of States and the parties of record who pro­ tional merger policies have been estab­ directives designed to establish definable test a merger proceeding." lished by the Commission. public interest standards and safeguards, What else did we find in our investigation The proposed mergers of many of our and thereby discourage bad mergers, the into this rail merger problem? The railroad great railroad systems would have the Commission did nothing. Now, today, its industry, taking advantage of the Commis­ profoundest impact on the economy of own staff has told the Commission that fur­ sion's mergers, the broad merger criteria, and this Nation. I urge niy colleagues to ther economic research is necessary to de­ the adversary case-by-case approach without l'ead this address by Senator KEFAUVER velop patterns and methods of testing ap­ objective challenge, proceeded to submit plicants' cases, and that the Commission is some of the most extraordinary combina­ which deals directly and frankly with this in no present position to appraise fully the tions of railroad power ever proposed. These vital problem. effect of mergers on competition between mergers are based upon the concept o~ creat­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ railroads and between railroads and other ing regional monopolies, shrinking rail ca­ sent that the full text of "A Positive Res- modes of transport. It stated that the local . pacity and eliminating service. I don't have 13628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUS.E. July 29 to go into the details of these applications, Northern Pacific affect business activity in as an alternative to the monopolistic Pennsy­ except to point out a few examples. One the area served? We found no answers t·o Central merger plan, I would rel1Jctantly proposal would combine·the first and second these questions froin those responsible ~or accept a :r;1etwork built arou~d these two ~a:r­ largest railroads in the Unit~d States with restructuring our transportation network. riers operating separately and competitively over 50 percent of the traffic within the re­ But enough of this criticism and the hash­ as the best of an otherwise complicated solu­ gions in which they now compete, and with ing over of past mistakes. It is not too late tiQn to ·the eastern rail merger problem. even greater combined power at the crucial for the Commission to extricate itself from It is the r'esponsibility of the Commission gateways and interchange points. the mess it is in, and take the initiative in the to bring these better systems into being and Another proposal involves the creation of public interest to preserve a healthy com­ encourage the cooperation of all financial three strong and wealthy competitive trunk­ petitive national rail network. The Com­ interests for the good of this country. Sim­ line systems with some 26,000 miles of track­ mission has before it in one way or another ilar initiative on the part of the Commis­ age extending over 17 States and some four most of the major carriers servicing the lion's sion to prohibit the development of the vast t imes larger than its nearest competitor. share of the country. Indeed with its special Great Northern-Northern Pacific-Burlington Still another would give these large systems powers it should be able to obtain what monopoly, and suggest competitive rear­ a near monopoly of rail transport in South­ additional information and policy it needs rangement of lines is also mandatory. eastern United States. All proposals seem to for an overall view of these proposed merg­ The Milwaukee, a good progressive road, must be posited on the philosophy of eliminating ers on a national level. What I am now not be allowed to die at the hands of a carrier as much rail competition as possible and suggesting is that the Commission not rub­ over four times its size. A stronger, aug-, ripping up as much trackage and facilities berstamp these mergers because they are mented Milwaukee, tied to one or more of the as possible, not to mention the possible job the only ones approved by the financial in­ Western carriers, is abeolutely essential to losses of over 200,000 men in the process. It terests, but rather consolidate cases for deci­ the growth of this Northwest region. is on these two crucial points-competition sion on a regional basis, determine the most I could go on around the circuit with these and rail plant contraction-that the Com­ appropriate lineups, rejecting those appli­ examples. In the Southwest, recent develop­ mission has yet to firm up a definitive policy, cations which do not conform to what is best ments involving the Union Pacific, the Rock and as its staff are still researching these is­ for the public. At the same time it should Island and the soutl:.ern Pacific, and the sues, it may be some time before the Commis­ indicate to the railroad community what Santa Fe's negotiation with the MoPac cer­ sion will have the information and data upon types of alinements will be acceptable to tainly call for an overall view by the Com­ which it can make an adequate determina­ the Commission, and work with the rail­ mission as to our future southwestern net­ tion. roads to bring such alinements into effect. work, and indeed a stay of pending cases in It is not surprising that receiving no gen­ What I am saying, and I want to be clear that area, and an ultimate. consolidation af eral instructions from the Commission with here, is that the Commission should forth­ cases when the negotiations are comp1eted. respect to the maintenance of competition, with suspend final decision on every pending In the Southeast, the Commission might economic balance, the preservation of serv­ merger application. It should then assess well consider consolidating the Illinois Cen­ ice and the protection of community growth, each application to determine whether suffi­ tral's application for control of the Louis­ that the big financial interests would seek to cient facts have been, or are being, adduced ville & Nashville, because that carrier Is an merge the strong with the strong, ignore the upon which it can make a determination as important competitive factor in the potential weaker roads, scrap service and capacity and to the best competitive lineup of carriers imbalance between a combined Atlantic· eliminate competition, thereby creating within each region. Where such decision Coastline-Seaboard system and the South­ giants of monopoly rail power as a spearhead needs the consolidation of two or more ern system. to acquiring monopoly control over all trans­ cases, such consolidation should be ordered. All over this country, railroads are seeking portation. If the merger proposals fit in reasonably to combine. They are so vocal in their rea­ The sad fact is that the Commission by with the overall policy for the region, the sons supporting this getting together. Cer­ sitting on its hands and taking no positive Commission should approve; if they don't, tainly they should be willing now to coop-. policy action, has encouraged these giant the Commission should reject the applica­ erate with what the Commission may mergers to be presented at great expense to tion, subject to being reopened if the parties consider to be the better policy of good order all parties, and because they are the only rearrange their combinations to meet the and competitive protection. combinations attainable at the moment, the appropriate regional policy. Now, I am well aware that I will be met Commission may be pressured into approving The power of the Commission to consoli­ with the argument that the 1940 Transporta­ them even though they are not really in the date cases for overall decisional purposes, to tion Act outlawed the idea of a Commission public interest. Certainly, gentlemen, this is approve or reject cases according to an es­ merger plan, and provided for merger ini­ one time when the interests of good govern­ tablished policy of definitive criteria, and to tiative to come from the carriers to be pre-. ment should rise above the demands of fi­ render advisory opinions is manifest in the nancial expediency, and the fact that other sented for approval or rejection by the Com­ Interstate Commerce Act. The magnitude mission. types of mergers have not been proposed and extent of the mergers now being pro­ should by no means deter the Commission My answer to this is that the 1940 act did posed, which combinations cut across broad not take away entirely the planning and. from making its objective decisions and areas of the country demand this overview flatly rejecting those alliances that are bad, policy function of the Commission in pro­ approach, demand the establishment of re­ moting an adequate transportation network. regardless of the time and money put in by gional and national merger policy by the the applicants. Commission before it renders any further It intended the Commission and other I was particularly shocked to find from merger decisions. And the railroad industry branches of Government to study, educate, the subcommittee inquiry that while all is entitled to know how best it can cooperate and assist in the development of rail­ these merger cases are going forward and no with the Commission to create the best road consolidations. And the Interstate policy seems to have been developed, neither merged network. In the East, such policy Commerce Act, ·aside from setting forth a the Department of Commerce nor the Com­ initiative on the part of the Commission positive mandate for the Commission in its mission has made any investigation or is not only crucial, it is mandatory. There, National Transportation policy, also has studies into what interest groups own, con­ the three party package plan submitted by given to that body full authority and power trol, or infiuence these carriers. Again re­ the industry on a take it or leave it basis at any time to investigate on its own motion liance is only on the record if opponents is most unfortunate. The plan provides no any matter within its jurisdiction (49 U.S.C. wish to place the facts before the Commis­ substantial protection for many smaller rail­ 13(2)). In addition the act permits the sion, but I must emphasize that our Govern­ roads, it seeks the elimination of vast Commission to determine its own procedure ment does not know today where the real amount of rail competition. It creates a under any provision of the law "in such lines of financial power are extended. At a dangerous economic imbalance between manner as will best conduce to the people time, gentlemen, when we are talking about dispatch of business and to the ends of jus­ proposed systems, it will result in unreason­ tice" (49 U.S.C. 17(3)). Furthermore, sec­ putting giants together, we have no satisfac­ able contraction of the rail plant in the tory information as to what supergiants tion 5 of the act by setting up positive cri­ Northeast, and will place a monopolistic ring teria for the protection of carriers not a we may well be creating. What is the role around New England. Because of this the of the insurance companies, of the banks, of part of the merger application imposes on Commission could well :flatly reject the the Commission a responsibility to analyze the brokerage houses, of other financial in­ Pennsy-Central merger, but in doing this by stitutions in these mergers. I'd like to know, combining eastern cases for final decision, carefully the regional and interregional re­ and I feel that the Commission should obtain it might further find that a different net­ lationships between all carriers affected by this information for Congress and for the work of competitive systems spearheaded by a proposed merger and make certain that people. Are these new combinations of rail­ an independent New York Central system such carriers are protected from any imbal­ road power to be completely independent and and by an independent Pennsylvania system ances caused by the merger. With so many separate in their politics? What control do would be practical and acceptable, provid­ mergers pending, this responsibility demands these giant railroads have over other modes ing that the smaller roads are absolutely a total view which can only be accomplished of transport? Are certain of the larger ship­ protected. Although I would prefer to see by special investigation and consolidation pers interlocked with railroads such that they the smaller. roads .merged into existing. of appropriate cases for final decision. can obtain preferences to the detriment of trunkline systems, and the Pennsylvania But let us not get bogged down in legal their competitors? How does the develop­ whittied down in size in the interest of. niceties as to the Interstate Commerce Com­ ment of such financial power such as a com­ greater efficiency and competition, such re­ mission policy function. The stark fact is bined Pennsy-Central or a Great Northern- structuring may not now be feasible. Thus, that the exigencies of the situation now de- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13629 mand positive leadership by the· ICC. The m.ittee, through the Department of Justice, duct its policy investigation. Senator magnitude of the cases before it, a magni­ should forthwith petition the ICC for an HARTKE's bill seeking a select committee to tude I'm sure never contemplated by 1;lle investigation of these criteria leading to the investigate railroad finances and interlocking Committee of Six or Committee of Three, possible adoption by the Commission of rules financial relationships goes to the jugular demands a coordinated merger policy by the or a policy implementing its present general vein of the rail merger problem. With the Commission and a broad analysis of appro­ criteria 011 merger cases. At the same time passage of this legislation, which I under­ priate system relationships on a regional, the Interagency Committee should seek in stand looks good at the moment, a merger and if need be a national basis, with special the Commission a stay on all merger decisions moratorium is a must. But regardless of emphasis on retaining balanced rail compe­ until its views can be considered by the what Congress does, the responsibility is t ition, and direct instructions to the railroad Commission, and some definitive policy de­ squarely on the shoulders of the Interstate community as to what combinations will be veloped. Otherwise, what good is this Presi­ Commerce Commission to process these formed or what definitive issues must be met dent's Committee? The Commission cer­ mergers in the best possible way. If it ac­ where pending merger proposals are rejected tainly should as a matter of courtesy, if for cepts the industry packages as they are now by the Commission. nothing else, give the President a chance to proposed, without more than a liberal consid­ The President of the United States set up be heard on these crucial merger issues. eration of cases on a piecemeal basis, cases the Interagency Committee to formulate Also, the Interagency Committee should untested by objective experts, it will be giv­ more specific guidelines and more specific continue its work, and let the Commission ing to this Nation· a tragic transportation procedures for applying them in merger cases. know how its views and policies are appli­ system at a time when we need the best com­ The President was particularly concerned cable to the situation involved in the cases. petitive, growing network of carriers we have about maintaining competition between the By its action, so will we judge the sincerity ever had. It will be going against our na­ same modes of transport. The Committee and worth of this important committee. The tional transportation policy, and letting studied the problem, and came out with 10 time for it to act is now. down the public interest. The future of general, but nevertheless helpful, criteria in Finally, Congress has before it important transportation in this country will be fixed a recent report. But the ICC is under no rail merger legislation. My bill or Senator by what we do with these rail mergers. obligation to accept the President's sugges­ MAGNUSON'S bill, if passed, Will provide Commission policy is the first step toward tions at this time. This Interagency Com- breathing time for the Commission to con- that future.

tleman from Texas [Mr. PoAGE], relat­ was an inspiration to all of us engaged HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing to public and private interests in res­ in work for the VFW. ervoir projects, a bill which was passed Omar Ketchum typified the highest TuESDAY, JuLY 30, 1963 by the House last year. The second bill qualities of American leadership in both The House met at 12 o'clock noon. is one introduced by the gentleman from private and public life. His courage cer­ The Chaplain,Rev.Bernard Braskamp, Iowa [Mr. SMITH], relating to the nam­ tainly matched his convictions and we D.D., offered the following prayer: ing of adam. could always count on him to lead the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to way in any patriotic and pro-American Isaiah 55: 6: Seek ye the Lord while the request of the gentleman from endeavors. He may be found, call ye upon Him while Texas? He and the VFW organization which He is near. There was no objection. he·served so ably were in the vanguard Almighty and ever-blessed God, we are of every :fight to protect our great Na­ again turning unto Thee for guidance tion against the subversive forces of com­ and wisdom, for courage and hope to SUBCOMMITTEE ON LIDRARIES AND munism and to promote the strong na­ face difficulties which seem well-nigh in­ MEMORIALS, COMMITTEE ON tional defenses of our country. surmountable. HOUSE ADMINISTRATION His contributions over the more than Make us more sensitive and responsive Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask 20 years he directed the VFW office in to Thy call and command, the prompt­ unanimous consent that the Subcom­ Washington .are many, and included ings and persuasions of Thy divine voice, mittee on Libraries and Memorials of great advances in membership, activity, lest we walk and wander in darkness and the Committee on House Administration and prestige. despair. may be permitted to sit during the ses­ The leadership and guidance of Omar May Thy spirit of peace and power sion of the House today during general Ketchum will be sorely missed by all lay hold upon our confused minds and debate. Americans, and especially by the mem­ troubled hearts, releasing them from The SPEAKER. Without objection it bers of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. those devastating fears which paralyze is so ordered. We have not only lost a great leader, our energies. Gird us with that strong There was no objection. but a wonderful comrade friend. faith which inspires us with confidence My deepest sympathy are extended to and joy. his beloved wife, Edna. I know her loss Wilt Thou illumine our souls with a. THE LATE HONORABLE OMAR B. is a great one. I know Omar's passing glorious vision of the fulfillment of Thy KETCHUM is a loss to every American ex-service gracious promises when all our doubts Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, I man or woman. For Omar Ketchum shall be dispelled and Thy righteousness ask unanimous consent to address the spent the greater part of his life-toiling and truth shall be victorious. House for 1 minute and to revise and with compassion for those who bore the Hear us in the name of our Lord and extend my remarks and include extrane­ brunt of battle-and the widows and Saviour. Amen. ous matter. orphans of such war veterans. He was The SPEAKER. Is there objection a great and unselfish man. He was my dear friend and comrade. THE JOURNAL to the request of the gentleman from Indiana? A BIOGRAPHY OF 0MAR B. KETCHUM The Journal of the. proceedings of yes­ There was no objection. Omar Bartlett Ketchum, director of the terday was read and approved. Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, I VFW Washington office, was born at Hardy, rise to express my deepest sympathy and Ark. Mr. Ketchum attended grade schools son-ow on the death of a dear friend who and high school in Galena, Kans.; Sarcoxie, COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS Mo.; and Topeka, Kans. During his high passed away last Thursday. school days in Missouri and Kansas, he was Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I ask I refer to Mr. Omar B. Ketchum, di­ very active in debating and sports, among unanimous consent that the Committee rector of the Washington office of the other varied interests. on Public Works may have until mid­ Veterans of Foreign Wars. Ketchum served four terms as president night tonight to file reports on two bills, It was my privilege in 1957-58 to serve of the Topeka Typographical Union, and in H.R. 1696 and H.R. 1135. as national commander of the Veterans 1930 was selected as a member of the In­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of Foreign Wars, and during this period ternational Typographical Union Committee the request of the gentleman from of service to the great veterans organiza­ on Laws. In addition to his work in the printing industry and his busy labor and Texas? tion, I came to greatly respect and ad­ civic activities, he found time to write a Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving mire the tremendous abilities of Omar B. weekly labor column for the Topeka Daily the xight to object, what are the bills? Ketchum. Capital and also broadcast a biweekly radio Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, one of More important, the warmth and en­ program sponsored by the Topeka Federation the bills is a bill introduced by the gen- thusiasm of Mr. Ketchum's personality of Labor.