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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FY2015 Ex-Post

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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FY2015 Ex-Post Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FY2015 Ex-Post Evaluation of Japanese Grant Aid Project “The Project for Rural Water Supply in Oromia Region” External Evaluator: Noriyo Aoki, Alfapremia Co., Ltd. 0. Summary This project was implemented with the aim of developing water supply facilities in 46 villages in the West Shewa, Horo Guduru and Jimma Zones of Oromia Region to improve and reliable access to safe water. This project is highly relevant, as its objective is consistent with priority areas in Ethiopia’s development policy and Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) policy, and the needs for such a development are high. Though the total project cost was within the plan, the duration of the project was longer than planned; thus, the efficiency of the project is fair. The effects have been observed that reliable access to safe water supply is generally secured, the amount and quality of available water are improved, and there was reduction in the time spent and the distance traveled for fetching water. The project effects expected at the time of planning have been gained. The project has generated impacts of livelihood improvements, such as a decrease in water-borne diseases; improved hygienic behavior; an increase in productive activities, owing to the reduced time spent fetching water; and others. Consequently, the project’s effectiveness and impacts are judged to be high. Operation and maintenance system has been established; in terms of the technical aspects, refresher training is necessary for Zonal Water Resources Offices, District Water Resources Offices, and Water Committees. Within the Regional Water Resources Bureau, and Zonal and District Water Resources Offices, the budgets is mostly secured; however, since some Water Committees are not collecting user fees for water, there are some on-going technical and financial problems. Overall, the sustainability of this project’s effects is fair. In light of the above, this project is evaluated as satisfactory. 1. Project Description Project site Project Location Horo Guduru Zone Public Faucet in Jardega-Jarte District 1 1.1 Background Oromia Region as the target region is located at the center of Ethiopia, surrounding the capital city of Addis Ababa. The population of Oromia Region is 33,690,000,1 which is 34% of the total population of Ethiopia (recorded as 99,390,000 in 20152). Three zones, that is, West Shewa Zone, Horo Guduru Zone, and Jimma Zone which are the project target areas are located adjacent to each other on the west side of Oromia Region. West Shewa The elevation ranges from 1,500 to 2,500m above sea level, and among the relatively gentle hills, there are several steep mountains over 3,000m in height. The annual mean of the precipitation ranges between 700mm and 1,900mm, depending on the area. March and April are the light rainy season, while June to October is the heavy rainy season. The people in the target region run traditional farms with livestock. The shortage of water caused by drought which often occurs has severely affected the local economy and social activities3. 1.2 Project Outline By developing water supply facilities in 46 villages spread throughout 17 districts of the three zones (West Shewa, Horo Guduru, and Jimma) of Oromia Region,4 the project aimed to achieve and reliable access to a safe water supply, thereby contributing to improving the residents’ living environment. E/N Grant Limit or G/A Grant Detailed Design: 28 million yen/28 million yen Amount /Actual Grant Amount Construction and Equipment: 1.029 billion yen/1.004 billion yen Exchange of Notes Date Detailed Design: Jan. 2009/Jan. 2009 (Grant Agreement Date) Construction and Equipment : Jul. 2009/Jul. 2009 (At the planning ) Oromia Water Resources Bureau: OWRB Implementing Agency (At the ex-post evaluation) Oromia Water, Mineral and Energy Bureau (name changed in Oct. 2010) Date of completion: Nov. 2012 Project Completion Date Soft components completed: Nov. 2012 Construction: Tone Engineering Corporation Main Equipment: Tone Engineering Corporation Contractors Consultant Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. The Project for Rural Water Supply in Oromia Region, Basic Design Basic Design Study, Nov. 2008 The Project for Rural Water Supply in Oromia Region, Detailed Design Detailed Design Study, Sep. 2009 Technical Cooperation Project “ Groundwater Development and Water Related Projects Supply Training Project (Phase 1)” (1998-2005) Technical Cooperation Project “The Ethiopian Water Technology Center Project (The Groundwater Development and Water Supply Training Project: Phase 2)” (2005-2008) Technical Cooperation Project“The Ethiopian Water Technology Centre Project Phase III” (2008 – 2013) Source: Prepared based on documents provided by JICA. 1 The 2015 population is estimated based on the 2007 population census (Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency). 2 World Development Indicators Database, 2015 population is estimated, World Bank (Jul. 2016). 3 Ex-ante evaluation sheet. 4 The lowest administrative unit is the village; and lower communities than a village are referred to as settlements. 2 2. Outline of the Evaluation Study 2.1 External Evaluator Noriyo Aoki (Alfapremia Co., Ltd.) 2.2 Duration of Evaluation Study Studies for this ex-post evaluation were conducted during the following periods: Duration of the Study: October 2015 –February 2017 Duration of the Field Study: February 6 -17 and June 2-7, 2016 3. Results of the Evaluation (Overall Rating: B5) 3.1 Relevance (Rating: ③6) 3.1.1 Relevance to the Development Plan of Ethiopia The Ethiopian government proposed promotion of water resource development as one of the priority issues in the national five-year development plan (Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty: PASDEP. 2005-2010). Though the Water Sector Development Program (WSDP: 2002-2016) was initially formulated, the Universal Access Plan (UAP: 2005), in accordance with the Millennium Development Goals, was subsequently proposed, reducing the target indicator definition of the rural water supply rate from 20L/day per person stipulated by the WSDP (no distance set) to 15 L/day per person (no distance set), to be achieved by 2012. At the time of the ex-post evaluation, the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP: 2011-2015) established in 2010 as the new national five-year development plan, addressed that the reliable supply of drinking water was essential to socioeconomic development, improvement in the people’s quality of life, and reducing the poverty. Therefore, it was determined to be a strategically important issue. GTP defined the rural water supply rate as 15 L/day per person (within a radius of 1.5 km), which was scheduled to be 98% achieved by 2015.7 In the revised UAP formulated in 2011, the definition of rural water supply rate stated in the GTP was used. The definition of the rural water supply rate in GTP II (2016-2020) increased the amount of the standard water supply to 25L/day per person, aiming to ensure access to water supply points, such as wells and public faucets, within a radius of 1.0 km. The plan is to achieve 85% of the national rural water supply rate by 2020. Oromia Region adopted the GTP II’s definition of rural water supply rate, and set the region’s standard rural water supply rate in 2016 to be 53%; in accordance with the GTP II water sector plan, Oromia Region aims to achieve a rural water supply rate of 79% by 2020.8 In the light of the above, this project is consistent with the national policies of Ethiopia and 5 A: Highly satisfactory, B: Satisfactory, C: Partially satisfactory, D: Unsatisfactory 6 ③: High, ②: Fair, and ①: Low. 7 GTP, Vol 2, P.15. 8 Interview with the Regional Water Resources Bureau. 3 Japan during both the planning and ex-post evaluation stages. 3.1.2 Relevance to the Development Needs of Ethiopia At the planning stage, 85% of Ethiopia’s population living in villages and settlements spent a large amount of time and effort securing water for livelihood. Similarly, in Oromia Region, especially in rural areas, target area residents suffered from chronic water shortages, and problems such as the daily water fetching labor of women and children for many hours were serious. Due to unhygienic drinking water, residents suffered from water-borne illnesses, such as diarrhea and parasites. Since much time and labor was spent on fetching water, this affected the region’s economic activities for sustenance of life. At the time of the ex-post evaluation, as explained below in the section on effectiveness, the needs identified at the planning stage were satisfied. The expansion of water supply facilities was delayed in the target area in Oromia Region, and there was a high priority for implementation of the project; thus, the selection of the target area is considered to have been appropriate. Conversely, as described earlier, an increase in number of facilities in accordance with the Oromia Region GTP II Water Sector Plan is required now. As such, at the time of the ex-post evaluation, facility expansion with a new plan is required, but the development needs identified at the planning stage are satisfied by the project, and the relevance of the priority and target selection of the project is high. 3.1.3 Relevance to Japan’s ODA Policy The Japanese government selected “environmental conservation” as a prioritized assistance field in its “Country Assistance Plan for the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia”: when the program was developed in August 2000, the government stated that it would prioritize water and sewage management development assistance. Subsequently, when the same plan was revised in June 2008, ensuring water for livelihood and management of drinking water were proposed as priority areas for assistance. In addition, the Japanese government stated its commitment to support effective water source management and access to safe water at the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV) in May 2008.9 In view of the above, the implementation of the project fully conforms with the development policies and development needs of Ethiopia, in addition to Japan’s assistance policy; therefore, its relevance is high.
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