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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Tutorial

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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Tutorial Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Tutorial Chuck Kutscher Director Buildings and Thermal Systems Center ` "*/**"'& • &,-*-%;808'9 • HH, ,20,4-,*0)2808'9 • 10&,8*-.+,2 a &,-*-%'1;0)22-0 9L2-0%Q'1.2&*R N 0-*'20-7%& N -902-90 N ',001,* 9L-2-0%Q-,M'1.2&*R N '1&L,%', b Concentrating (Focusing) Solar Collectors Parabolic Trough Line Focus ',001,* Dish Stirling Point Focus Power Tower 4 c ,0%;`_`'- '&&+),& '$)'1) EDE 88()+%&+' aG`d 999H0+7*4+'H,0%;H%-8L1-*0L8'-1L ,0%;O`_`O-,,204,%O1-*0O.-90 d &),0%;`_`'- 3EDE"' aG`d &6.1GLL999H0+7*4+'H,0%;H%-8L1-*0L *2J8'-1K7,00-91;';.1 e e -90*,2 9'2&-72&0+*2-0% -*0'* -*0 2+70', 7.0&20 -,,10 2+ ,02-0 -*0 0&20 -901170 02-0 0&20 -*0 &20 f -90*,2 9'2&aM,)&0+*2-0% -*0'* -*0 2+70', 7.0&20 Hot Salt Tank -,,10 HX aM,)*22-0% 2+ ,02-0 -*0 0&20 -901170 02-0 0&20 Cold Salt Tank -*0 &20 g -90*,2 9'2&aM,)&0+*2-0% -*0'* -*0 2+70', 7.0&20 Hot Salt Tank -,,10 aM,)*22-0% 2+ ,02-0 -*0 0&20 -901170 Cold Salt 02-0 0&20 Tank -*0 &20 h 0-*'0-7%& 1'%,..0-&1G P '* – **-++0'*.*,212- 2 P -*2,*2 P '022+ P 1 `_ Renewable Energy Technology Applications Module 3: Solar Thermal and Concentrating Solar Power Technology CSP: Systems and Components: Parabolic Trough 11 femp.energy.gov bdc 7<-*0*20',04,%;12+1QR ',*,217'*2`hgcM`hh` `a SEGS Historic Plant Capacity Value On-Peak Performance For 5 Parabolic Trough Plants 120% 12 – Over 100% capacity with fossil backup 100% 10 – Averaged 80% 80% 8 on-peak capacity factor 60% 6 from solar 40% 4 On-Peak Capacity (%) Insolation (kWh/m^2/day) Insolation 20% 2 0% 0 SCE Summer On-Peak 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Weekdays: Jun - Sep Solar Contribution Boiler Contribution Direct Normal Radiation 12 noon - 6 pm Source: KJC Operating Company ec'-,8-*0, -*00-*'0-7%&*,2 `c d_,-*,,9- 0-*'0-7%&*,29LfM&02-0%E.', `d ,%-ad_-*,*,29'2&e&012-0% 0'<-, `e Linear Fresnel Linear Fresnel Parabolic Trough National Renewable Energy Laboratory 17 ',001,* 08-*0 `g Renewable Energy Technology Applications Module 3: Solar Thermal and Concentrating Solar Power Technology CSP: Systems and Components: Linear Fresnel 19 femp.energy.gov -90-90Q,20*'80R 1'%,..0-&1G P '022+ – ,%-Q`_La_E &'R – 0'%&2-70Q 8,.&R P -*2,*2 – -001-*Q+1-*0R – -*0108Q01,27,1R P '0 a_ Renewable Energy Technology Applications Module 3: Solar Thermal and Concentrating Solar Power Technology CSP: Systems and Components: Power Tower 21 femp.energy.gov Renewable Energy Technology Applications Module 3: Solar Thermal and Concentrating Solar Power Technology Stand-Alone Solar Power Plant: Power Tower Molten Salt Heat Transfer Fluid 22 Figure Credit: SolarReserve 22 femp.energy.gov -90-90'- ab -90-901'- bGbf ac -*0, -*09- ad ,%-`_,a_ ae ,%-`_,a_ 8'**E.', af -001-*,0%;a_+1-*0-*2,*2-90 `d -701-*2,*22-0% 8'**E.', 28 0'%&2-70bha 8,.&-90-90 *'-0,'L8-00 ,8'0-,+,2*+1701G • -*0!*'1,-2%0 • '0M--*-,,10071920 -,17+.4-,;-80h_k ah b_ 01,27,1E``_E8 `_ -701-*2,*22-0% • `_&-701-2&0+*,0%;12-0% • ;0'--*',% b` Renewable Energy Technology Applications Module 3: Solar Thermal and Concentrating Solar Power Technology CSP: Systems and Components: Dish Engine Systems 32 femp.energy.gov '1&;12+1 "*!9& "&7 ("$'+:*$($'3%&+* -,,204,%G-++0'*,.'*-2M 1*.*-;+,21 0'-.`Hd+-.*,2E&-,': P '/$)<G:FI#= P " !*+*'$):+':$+)""&3 P '11+)/* P ("+3+')*$"%"++'PFIN/+' $#'*+') 8?2($')"& *+') '(,'&*8 bb '1&L,%',;12+1 b) ,!,''1&40*',%1;12+1 '**0-*-E.', Q ,!,'-0.-04-,ER ,!,'I1-90'1& bc Stand-Alone Solar Power Plant: Dish Engine Hydrogen Working Fluid in Stirling Engine 35 ;12+"','1 be be 0-7%&,,7*,0%;1 `__k cgk cek `fk `ek ,',2 0-+ - 0-11 2 -*0 -90 *20' *20' '* *-) -90,,7*,0%;1 `__k c`k c`k `fk `ek ,',2 0-+ - 0-11 2 -*0 -90 *20' *20' '* *-) ,,7*,0%;1 `__k b_k adk a`k a`k a_k `hk ,',2 2 -+',* 0-11 2 0-11 2 *20' ;0'-11'*L;12+1 c_ c_ *,21, ,2%029'2&-11'*;12+1 &0+*,0%; -*0'* 2-0% -90*-) -11'*7* ,!21G &;0''<4-, •)7.0*''*'2; •12012027. c` '$):/ %&+''**"$'1)$&+* ,2%02-*0-+',;*;12+Q R 1;12+1,17..*;12+2-7%+,2-11'*M!0-'*01H ,!21G •1&0.-90*-)E20,1+'11'-,11E12 •%--1-*0M2-M*20'"',; 0.&'G ca -*0M7%+,2-2,4*',2&HH'1p`_ &6.GLL+.1H,0*H%-8L.0-1.2-0 cb fd-*0M7%+,2*,2',*-0' &-2-0'2G 04,-*0,0%;,20 cc 201%2*,21 • '00-091&',% • 2+;*+',2,, • 2 Q-+14R • -90;*--*',% '00-091&',% 2+;* -+14 --*',% cd All Thermoelectric Power Systems Need Cooling Coal Gas Oil CSP Nuclear T Efficiency ∝ ⎛1− C ⎞ ⎜ T ⎟ ⎝ H ⎠ National Renewable Energy Laboratory 46 20M--*0-7%&*,2 20--*',%G fa_%*L& '00-091&',%G -'*0*-9-9,G a_%*L& e_%*L& '0M--*0-7%&*,2 '00-091&',%G -'*0*-9-9,G a_%*L& e_%*L& *20''2;-12 ,01 M-(8102Glgk M, 7'1**;EGlbk 0;--*',% ,011 ;aHdk2-fHdk +.2.,1-,*-4-,,2&,-*-%;H21&-9,-0 .0-*'20-7%&1H "&)*0*81+:''$*" & gH_k fH_k eH_k dH_k cH_k bH_k aH_k `H_k _H_k *+-1 1%1E,- 1%1 %%6 NREL/TP-5500-49468, December 2010 ch Primary Cooling Options Background 1. Wet cooling 2. Dry cooling 3. Hybrid cooling + National Renewable Energy Laboratory ;0'M--*0-7%&*,2 20--*',%G `__%*L&D '00-091&',%G -'*0*-9-9,G a_%*L& e_%*L& 201%--*0&,-*-%'1 `___ h__ 0-7%&Q92--*R g__ 0-7%&Q0;--*R f__ '1&L40*',% e__ d__ $9 ! c__ b__ a__ `__ _ -**2-0*,',% -'*0)7. --*',% -2* *710.01,248F1.'!71%80'1;*-4-,E.*,21'%,,91&',%0/7,;H db 201.0 ,0 bHd b aHd a `Hd ` ):9)()3) _Hd _ Q92M Q0;M ** -6-, 07'201 -*-7011 --*R --*R ,,7*08,70-+1-*00+nb_08,70-+**0+ -701G G7',%20-,17+.4-,-*20''2;,04-,E.-022--,%011a__hH 0-.1G*,;E-,2&*;-,17+.4871-20; 00'%20-.1W270*%24-,E`hdfH -*G21-,2*HE&-,-+'-,20'74-,1--*-0-I1-* ,7120;G,8'0-,+,2*1.21H dc 011',%,8'0-,+,2* 1171 • 1022-02-'1 • '0+-02*'2; dd -*0&,-*-%;7++0;-+.0'1-, )'/ ! '1) "*!9 '1) & "& ;.'*.04,%+. bh_- ded- g__- +',2 4*'2;1*Qpd_R '120'72Qo`_R ,0%;2-0% ;0'9'2&-11'*,0%; 2071Q,-,M--*',%R 2-,-, 2071-0--*',% .000 .000 ,1Q0LRV dMh bMh gMh dMh ,*-. obk odk odk odk &,'*+270'2; &'%& *-9 *-9 *-92- &'%& V ,%EHF+.**EHF,&-*+EHF0%-*'1EHF 2&EHQa_`bRH ,M1/7'0+,21-0-*0-90*,21 ',2&,'2221Hcf..HF .-02-HMea_Mdeah_H de Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Generation Source (IPCC) National Renewable Energy Laboratory 57 "*/**"'& • &,-*-%;808'9 • HH, ,20,4-,*0)2808'9 • 10&,8*-.+,2 dg &HH-2,4* dh Exclude: - Used and sensitive land - Solar < 6.75 kWh/m2 per day - Ground slope > 1% e_ e` 94*'2;-*01-70-2,4* Solar Solar Generation Land Area Capacity Capacity State (mi2)(MW)GWh AZ 13,613 1,742,461 4,121,268 CA 6,278 803,647 1,900,786 CO 6,232 797,758 1,886,858 NV 11,090 1,419,480 3,357,355 NM 20,356 2,605,585 6,162,729 UT 6,374 815,880 1,929,719 TX 23,288 2,980,823 7,050,242 Total 87,232 11,165,633 26,408,956 /))&+88 )"7 E6DDD&%($+("+3 H6DDD6DDD!&&/$ &),'& ea 2013-2014: US CSP High Water Mark Project Solana Ivanpah Genesis Crescent Dunes Mojave Utility APS SCE + PG&E PG&E NVE PG&E State Arizona California California Nevada California Size 280 MW 392 MW 250 MW 110 MW 280 MW Technology Trough/Storage To we r Trough Tower/Storage Trough COD Oct. 2013 Feb. 2014 2014 June 2014 Late 2014 DOE Loan $1.45 B $1.63 B $0.85 B $.74 B $1.2 B Company Abengoa BrightSource NextEra SolarReserve Abengoa Total CSP under construction: 1,312 MW March 15, 2013: Abengoa and BrightSource announced a joint venture to build the 500 MW Palen Solar Complex ec -0*9'.*-;+,2- ed -0*9'.*-;+,2;%'-, .04-,* ,0-,12074-, 8*-.+,2 ee -0*9'.*-;+,2;&,-*-%; 0-*'0-7%& -90-90 '1&,%', ef &;D eg &0+*,0%;2-0% eh Themal Storage One Hot Tank, One Cold Tank With Fluid (Typically Molten Salt) Circulated Between the Tanks Current Deployments are Indirect, Meaning They Comprise a Fluid Loop Separate from the Solar Field and is Connected via Heat Exchanger (Therminol VP-1 and Molten Salt) Direct Two-Tank Storage Possible if the Solar Field Fluid and Storage Fluid are the Same. The Current Indirect Configurations are Preferred for Operational and Cost Reasons. Note: Images Relate to System at the Andasol I Project in Spain 70 &0+*,0%;2-0%G11'82-0%-0 -701 Thermal Energy Storage f` &0+*,0%;2-0%G"',;, -9-12 !)%$ &) 3 $'1 '%()**") /%( +') .)3> &) 3+') > 3)'> -7,20'.,0%; hgk fdk d_k fdk "',;Q2;.'*R ,0%;.'2;Q&R `___ `_ `___ `_E___ -90.'2;QR `__l d `__l d__ 2-0%704-, &-701 &-701 ;1 ;1 .'2*-12Q\L)&MR faQ2-901R fd_M`d__ h_Ma__ fdM`d_ a`_Q20-7%&1R 08' 'Q;01R b_ `d b_ b_ U7*-8E7&*0EW&02-7,'E-0.-0210&,20E J4*'2;*..*'4-,1-,0%;2-0%EK ,0%;Ea_b_E2*,2EE-8+0a__gH fa !)%$&) 3+') ;%+)"$*0$'(%&+ '*&220,10#7' +-*2,1*21 -0%,'1 oC 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1,050 1,200 fb !)%$&) 3+') ;%+)"$*0$'(%&+ • '1)%$,& *7%/$,:'%('&&+&"+)+*$+/+,* fc 1"+!!)%$&) 3+') 214*'2;+,1-0-90 Peak Hourly Load Solar Resource • +') ()'0"*7 – ,01%,04-, Q&'%&0.'2;2-0R -0%'8,,+.*2 .'2; – &'%&08*771 %,04-,,+2& 74*'2; ,04-,9L ,1 &0+* 2-0% – *-90,0%;-1217 2-%02074*'<4-,- .-90*-) D J EF EK FH fd '+','1&',%*7-7,0 ,01 8*1- 0)2,204-,Q7++0;R 01 .'2; *7 ,01,204-, fe :11'8+.21,','+7+ --,120',21 Q.0',%;R ff 7,4;',%2&,!21-9'2&&0+* ,0%;2-0% • -+.44-,9'2&'1-$,1-, -0' .0' • )-.7*'**;8'**,*;11.0-.0*; /7,4;',%27*8*7-9'2& • 2-7274*'41E0%7*2-01E,-2&0 12)&-*01-,.0-.0+2&-1-08*74,% '1.2&* fg 7,4;',%2&,!21-9'2&&0+* ,0%;2-0% 8'**2 &6.GLL999H,0*H%-8L.7*'4-,1 fh +.*+,24-,-9'2&',-++0'*,'2 -++'2+,2,-,-+''1.2&-*Q R *,2 &020'141 Q-*07*4.*STE 2-0%'<R -*02 -70*; Q -70*;'02 -* *20''2; -0+* 00', Qm`H_R S TR 0-!*1 .04-,* ;12+8'1-0-* &020'141 '+7*4-,1 Q721' R &1&'12-0'**;,-2,',*7',-++0'*+-*1 712-,1'02&#:''*'2;--,!%704-, g_ HH:+.*N,*;1'1-.04-,*,.'2; ,!21-',2&HH-72&912*,',%) g` Adding Utility-Scale PV or CSP-TES to the original California 33% RPS Base case configuration has: • a solar multiple (SM) of 1.3 • 6 hours of thermal storage storage ga 7++00','1.2& ;12+,2*-, +0%',*.0'-0 7*;`Mb ;12++0%',*.0' ,-001.-,',% %,04-,-, 7*;`Mb lb__EmaE e&01H12-0% gb ',200','1.2& ;12+,2*-, +0%',*.0'-0 ,70;ahNb` ;12++0%',*.0', -001.-,',%
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