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Western Promenade Historic Landscape Master Plan

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Western Promenade Historic Landscape Master Plan WESTERN PROMENADE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN CITY OF JUNE 2020 PORTLAND kzla TABLE OF CONTENTS List of figures & illustrations vii Section 3: Existing conditions 45 Regional context 45 Acknowledgments xi • Bicycle network & trail connections 47 Executive summary xiii • Parks & playgrounds 49 Landscape character 51 Section 1: Introduction 1 Views & vistas 53 Project description 2 Circulation: pedestrian & vehicular 57 • Project purpose 2 • Pedestrian circulation 57 • Project goals 2 • Vehicular circulation 59 • Project area 3 • Parking 59 • Goals for Portland Park & Open Vegetation 63 Space System 3 Topography & soils 67 • Migratory Bird Treaty Act 4 • Topography 67 • Soils 67 Section 2: Landscape history 5 Park amenities 71 Historical background & context 5 • Site amenities 71 Development timeline of Western Promenade 7 • Markers and memorials 73 Western Promenade in pictures 26 • Signage 73 • Walls 75 Utilities 77 WESTERN PROMENADE LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN iii Section 4: Preservation treatment 79 • Trailheads & gateways 116 Preservation philosophy 79 • Adding “fun” & recreational • Statement of significance 80 opportunities 118 • Period of Significance 81 Recommendations for the Western Promenade roadway 120 • Character-defining features 82 • Design guidelines 121 • Missing features 82 • Roadway layout & width 123 • Statement on integrity 83 • Crosswalks 134 Treatment methodology 85 • Food truck parking 135 • Treatment methods 85 • Tree plantings 137 • Proposed treatment 85 Recommendations for upper park 138 City of Portland’s Historic Preservation • Design guidelines 139 Review Standards 87 • Walkways 140 • Ornamental plantings 141 Section 5: Landscape master plan 89 • Pavilion 142 Guiding design principles 92 • Benches & seating 145 • Guiding principles 92 • Site lighting 146 General design guidelines 95 • Interpretive elements 146 • Planting zones 95 • Prospect Point 147 • Site amenity standards 99 Recommendations for southern park 148 • Site lighting standards 101 • Design guidelines 149 • Standard signage 105 • Pedestrian access 150 • Walkway & sidewalk standards 107 • Frothingham Memorial 151 • Trail standards 111 • Stormwater 152 • Park connectivity 115 • Vista clearing 153 iv JUNE 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Recommendations for the slope 154 Bibliography 181 • Design guidelines 155 Appendices 183 • Viewshed restoration 156 A. United State Forest Service (USFS) • Pedestrian connections 161 Trail Design Parameters 185 • Invasive plants 165 B. City of Portland Regulatory & • Winter activities 167 Welcome Signage Standards 197 • Interpretive elements 167 C. Sample Specifications orf • Play feature 169 Historic Walkway Exposed Aggregate Recommendations for lower park 170 Concrete Pavement 201 • Design guidelines 171 D. Order of magnitude cost estimates for priority projects 217 • Pedestrian connections 172 • Valley Street dog park 172 • Play space 173 • Parking 175 • Valley Street community garden 176 • Vegetation management 176 Priority projects 177 WESTERN PROMENADE LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN v This page left intentionally blank. vi JUNE 2020 LIST OF FIGURES & ILLUSTRATIONS Section 1: Introduction • Proposed Changes in Roadway Intersection: No figures or illustrations Western Promenade-Pine Street, 1940 24 • Circa 1885 historic photograph of Western Promenade in winter 26 Section 2: Landscape history • View southwest from Western Promenade, • 1770 map of “Falmouth Harbour” Portland, in June 1901 26 (cropped) 6 • Undated historic view of the Western • Circa 1815 map of the City of Promenade roadway with bandstand 27 Portland 8 • Thomas Brackett Reed monument, • Bird’s Eye View of the City of Portland, Maine, circa 1910 27 1876. (cropped) 10 • Toboggan Chute, circa 1922 28 • Goodwin’s revised plan for Western • Ski jumper in Portland, 1924 29 Promenade, circa 1880 12 • Ski jump, 1924 29 • Steven’s sketch for a park at Western Promenade, 1889 14 • View of Western Promenade, 1926 30 • Olmsted Brothers plan for the Western • View of Western Promenade, 1926 31 Promenade, 1904 16 • Postcards of Western Promenade 32 • View looking towards Union Station 18 • Historical image of Thomas Brackett Reed • Western Promenade: Arsenal Street to sculpture, no date 35 Carroll Street/Office of the Park • Historical images of Western Promenade, no Commission, 1935 20 date 36 • Western Promenade with cobblestone edging (undated) 22 WESTERN PROMENADE LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN vii • Late 20th century image of the lower park • Examples of slopes around the park 68 41 • Figure 3-9. Site amenities diagram 70 • Circa 1990 image of the stairs at Valley Street • Images of site amenities in the park 72 42 • Images of walls in the park 76 • 2018 summer sunset at Western Promenade 43 Section 4: Preservation treatment No figures or illustrations Section 3: Existing conditions • Figure 3-1. Bicycle network & trail connections diagram 46 Section 5: Historic landscape master plan • Figure 3-2. Parks & playgrounds • Landscape master plan 90 diagram 48 • Figure 5-1. Planting zones diagram 94 • Images of park & playgrounds in • Proposed alternative plant examples 96 Portland 49 • Proposed site amenities 98 • Figure 3-3. Landscape character • Proposed light fixtures 100 diagram 50 • Proposed signage 104 • Figure 3-4. Views & vistas diagram 52 • Figure 5-2. Walkways, sidewalks & trails • Examples of viewsheds at the park 53 diagram 106 • Figure 3-5. Pedestrian circulation • Proposed walkways surfaces 108 diagram 56 • Sample trail surfaces 110 • Figure 3-6. Vehicular circulation diagram 58 • Figure 5-3. Enlargement of western promenade roadway 120 • Images of circulation in the park, 2019 60 • Western Promenade cross-section key • Figure 3-7. Vegetation diagram 62 plans 125 • Images of vegetation in the park, 2019 64 • Western Promenade cross-sections 126 • Figure 3-8. Topography diagram 66 viii JUNE 2020 LIST OF FIGURES & ILLUSTRATIONS • Sample image of crosswalk in historic • Sample images of play-oriented district 134 sculpture 168 • Sample image of food truck queuing 135 • Figure 5-7. Enlargement of lower park 170 • Sample images of improvements for • Example images of improvements for the lower Western Promenade 136 park 174 • Figure 5-4. Enlargement of upper park 138 Unless otherwise noted, photographs are by Kyle • Historical & sample images of Zick Landscape Architecture, Inc. and were taken in horticultural plantings 141 late 2018 or 2019. • Historical images of 1891 pavilions 142 • Pavilion preferred alternative 144 • Figure 5-5. Enlargement of southern park 148 • Image of Frothingham Memorial 151 • Example bio-swale garden 152 • Area for vista clearing 153 • Figure 5-6. Enlargement of the slope 154 • Images of viewshed clearing areas 158 • Sample images of stairs types 160 • Sample images of invasive species on the Western Prom slope 162 • Sample images of Maine invasive plants species 164 • Sample images of winter sports 166 WESTERN PROMENADE LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN ix This page left intentionally blank. x JUNE 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The main contributors and master plan committee were City staff members of Parks, Recreation & Facilities Department, the Historic Preservation Program, and members of the Friends of Western Promenade. Master planning committee members have been identified with an asterisk below. City of Portland Department of Parks, Recreation & Facilities Ethan Hipple, Deputy Director* Jeff Tarling, City Arborist/Forestry & Horticulture Manager Bob Weyer, Park Facilities Technician Allison Carroll, Senior Administrative Officer Department of Planning & Urban Development, Historic Preservation Program Deborah Andrews, Program Manager* Department of Information Technology Nasir Shir, GIS Manager Friends of Western Promenade Matt Hyde, President* Stephen DiMuccio Leila Pike* Catherine Hyde Eleanor Ames Walter Brandes Laura Robinson Newell Augur Anne Pringle WESTERN PROMENADE LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN xi Additional input and research assistance was This material was produced with assistance from the provided by the following organizations and Historic Preservation Fund, administered by the National institutes: Park Service, Department of the Interior. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed MaineHealth in this materials are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Department of the Interior. Alexander Green, Director of System Planning & Regulatory Compliance Portland Trails Jaime Parker, Trails Manager Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site Michele Clark, Research Historian Maine Historical Society Earle Shettleworth, President/State Historian Tiffany Link, Research Librarian SofiaYalouris, Image Services Coordinator xii JUNE 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Until this project, Western Promenade was the only one of the City of Portland’s five historic landscape districts without a comprehensive landscape master plan. With a newly formed Friends of Western Promenade (the Friends)—whose mission is to restore and preserve the historic park—the time was right to create a master plan that would document the site’s history, its existing landscape, and envision a future for the historic park. Both the Western and the Eastern Promenade were set aside as public open space by the City in the 1830s for the purpose of preserving the scenic landscape and the views—in the case of the Western Promenade, views of the White Mountains, the Fore River, and sunsets in the western sky. The park landscape developed over the next several decades, from a simple tree-lined carriage road to a large park with a series of passive recreation
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