Implementing Mobile TV: ATSC Mobile DTV, Mediaflo, DVB-H/SH

Home , MediaFLO

Series editor: S. Merrill Weiss Broadcast/Telecommunications FOCAL PRESS MEDIA TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL Kumar This new edition is updated to reflect the quickly evolving world of Mobile TV, with coverage of: TV Mobile Implementing

• 3G, terrestrial broadcast, and Mobile WiMAX networks

• MediaFLO, ATSC Mobile DTV, and CMMB broadcasting

Implement state-of-the-art Mobile TV networks • Enabling technologies and protocols, with this comprehensive guide to the latest spectrum, and opportunities for technologies and standards, from ATSC Mobile deployment DTV and CMMB to MediaFLO—the same technologies seeing large-scale rollouts today • Content security, conditional access, around the world. Gain deep insight into the and DRM for the mobile world, based maze of technologies, including the essential on OMA-BCAST Smartcard and DRM principles of mobile content—what makes it profiles work, how it’s produced, repurposed, and delivered securely, and how it integrates with • Handset features for mobile TV and mobile and Internet domains. multimedia services Learn about the key enablers of a mobile • Insight into making content interactive— TV service, like smartphones, chipsets, and traffic, weather, interactive polling, Second Edition mobile software. Access a detailed look at the targeted advertising networks deployed worldwide with real-world case studies. Informative diagrams provide rich • Roaming and interoperability in visualization of the new technologies, services, multimedia networks Implementing Mobile TV and revenue models.

Amitabh Kumar has more than 30 years experience in the telecommunications, internet, and broadcast fields and is currently the corporate director of technology for the Zee Network—one ATSC Mobile DTV, MediaFLO, DVB-H/SH, DMB, of the largest television networks in Asia, with over 50 channels broadcast worldwide. He is also responsible for technology at Dish TV in India with more than 6 million customers. He has rich experience in the telecommunications and media fields. He was previously director of operations for WiMAX, 3G Systems, and Rich Media Applications VSNL, India’s international carrier, and was the key person driving the growth of the Internet in India. Second Cover image © Getty Images Edition Amitabh Kumar

www.focalpress.com Implementing Mobile TV

This page intentionally left blank Implementing Mobile TV ATSC Mobile DTV, MediaFLO, DVB-H/SH, DMB, WiMAX, 3G Systems, and Rich Media Applications

Amitabh Kumar

01_K81287_Prelims.indd iii 1/29/2010 11:28:34 AM First published 2010 by Focal Press 70 Blanchard Road, Suite 402, Burlington, MA 01803

Simultaneously published in the UK by Focal Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Focal Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

The right of Amitabh Kumar to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted

ISBN-13: 978-0-240-81287-8 (pbk)

ISBN-13: 978-0-240-81288-5 (ebk)

02_K81287_ITR1.indd iv 1/29/2010 11:30:00 AM

This book is dedicated to my father.

I hope that posterity will judge me kindly, not only as to the things which I have explained, but also as to those which I have intentionally omitted so as to leave to others the pleasure of discovery. Ren é Descartes, La Geometrie (1637) This page intentionally left blank Contents

The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents. H. P. Lovecraft , The Call of Cthulu (1926)

Mobile TV-A Prologue ...... xv Introduction to the Second Edition ...... xix

Part I Overview of Technologies ...... 1 Chapter 1: About Mobile TV ...... 1 1.1 The Beginning ...... 2 1.2 Mobile TV: A New Reality ...... 3 1.3 What Else is Different in Mobile TV? ...... 4 1.4 Standards for Mobile TV ...... 5 1.5 New Growth Areas with Mobile TV ...... 7 1.6 What Type of Opportunity Does Mobile TV Present? ...... 7 1.7 What Handset Types Does Mobile TV Work On? ...... 8 1.8 Is Mobile TV Really Important?...... 8

Chapter 2: Introduction to Digital Multimedia ...... 9 2.1 Introduction ...... 9 2.2 Picture ...... 10 2.3 Image Compression ...... 16 2.4 Video ...... 18 2.5 Analog TV Signal Formats ...... 21 2.6 Digital TV Formats ...... 23 2.7 Video Bit Rate Reduction ...... 25 2.8 Compression Standards ...... 31 2.9 The AVS – M Video Coding Standard (China) ...... 39 2.10 Video Files ...... 40

vii viii Contents

2.11 File Containers and Wrappers ...... 44 2.12 Audio Coding ...... 46 2.13 Audio Compression ...... 48 2.14 Streaming ...... 54 2.15 Streaming Players and Servers ...... 57 2.16 Summary and File Formats ...... 60

Chapter 3: Introduction to Streaming and Mobile Multimedia ...... 63 3.1 What is Mobile Multimedia? ...... 63 3.2 How Do Mobile Devices Access Multimedia? ...... 67 3.3 File Formats for Mobile Multimedia ...... 68 3.4 3GPP Mobile Media Formats ...... 72 3.5 Internet Video ...... 81 3.6 Flash Lite™ ...... 83 3.7 DivX Mobile ...... 84 3.8 Rich Media–Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) ...... 87 3.9 Delivering Multimedia Content ...... 90 3.10 Graphics and Animations in the Mobile Environment ...... 96 3.11 Mobile Multimedia Applications ...... 98 3.12 Summary of File Formats Used in Mobile Multimedia ...... 103

Chapter 4: Overview of Cellular Mobile Networks ...... 105 4.1 Introduction ...... 105 4.2 Cellular Mobile Services: A Brief History ...... 106 4.3 CDMA Technologies ...... 109 4.4 3G Networks ...... 111 4.5 3G Technologies: CDMA and GSM ...... 114 4.6 4G Technologies ...... 118 4.7 Data and Multimedia Over Mobile Networks ...... 119 4.8 Multimedia and Data Over 3G Networks ...... 122 4.9 Mobile Networks: A Few Country-Speciﬁ c Examples ...... 128

Chapter 5: Overview of Technologies for Mobile TV ...... 137 5.1 Why New Technologies for Mobile TV? ...... 137 5.2 What Does a Mobile TV Service Require? ...... 139 5.3 Mobile TV Using 3G Technologies ...... 148 5.4 Terrestrial TV Technology Overview ...... 154 5.5 Mobile TV Using Terrestrial Broadcasting Networks ...... 163 5.6 Comparison of Mobile TV Services ...... 175 5.7 Outlook for Mobile TV Services ...... 178 Contents ix

Part II Technologies for Mobile TV and Multimedia Broadcasting ...... 181 Chapter 6: Mobile TV Using 3G Technologies ...... 181 6.1 Introduction ...... 181 6.2 The Beginning: Streaming on Mobile Devices ...... 184 6.3 Overview of Cellular Network Capabilities for Carrying Mobile TV ...... 189 6.4 Understanding a 3G Streaming Service ...... 192 6.5 Mobile TV Streaming Using 3GPP Standards: Packet-Switched Streaming Service ...... 193 6.6 Broadcasting to 3GPP Networks ...... 200 6.7 Examples of Streaming Platforms ...... 201 6.8 Practical Implementation of Video Services over 3G Networks ...... 202 6.9 Operator-Speciﬁ c Issues in 3GPP Streaming Services ...... 209 6.10 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) ...... 209 6.11 Mobile TV Services Based on CDMA Networks ...... 213 6.12 Other Multimedia Services over 3G Networks ...... 215 6.13 Wi-Fi Mobile TV Delivery Extensions ...... 218 Chapter 7: Mobile TV Services in the ATSC Framework ...... 221 7.1 Introduction: Digital Broadcasting to Handhelds and Mobile Devices ...... 222 7.2 Why ATSC Mobile DTV? ...... 222 7.3 The Open Mobile Video Coalition (OMVC) ...... 223 7.4 Technology of ATSC Mobile DTV ...... 224 7.5 The ATSC Mobile DTV Standard ...... 225 7.6 ATSC Frame Structure with Mobile Channels ...... 227 7.7 Content Types, Encoding, and Capacity ...... 237 7.8 Multiplexing of M/H Channels ...... 240 7.9 Upgrading Transmitters for Mobile Services ...... 241 7.10 ATSC Mobile DTV Transmission ...... 241 7.11 ATSC Transmitter Networks ...... 242 7.12 Receivers and Handheld Units ...... 244 7.13 Data Transmission on ATSC Mobile DTV ...... 245 7.14 Electronic Service Guide (ESG) ...... 245 7.15 ATSC Mobile DTV Pilot Projects and Commercial Launches ...... 246 7.16 Example of an ATSC Mobile DTV Transmission System for Mobile TV ...... 247

Chapter 8: Mobile TV Using DVB-H Technologies ...... 249 8.1 Introduction: Digital Video Broadcasting to Handhelds ...... 249 8.2 Why DVB-H? ...... 250 8.3 How Does DVB-H Work? ...... 250 x Contents

8.4 Technology of DVB-H ...... 254 8.5 DVB-H Higher Layer Protocols ...... 258 8.6 Network Architecture ...... 259 8.7 DVB-H Transmission ...... 260 8.8 Transmitter Networks ...... 262 8.9 Terminals and Handheld Units ...... 266 8.10 DVB-H Implementation Profi les ...... 266 8.11 Electronic Service Guide in DVB-H ...... 268 8.12 Content Security ...... 270 8.13 DVB-H Commercial Services ...... 273 8.14 Example of a DVB-H Transmission System for Mobile TV ...... 275 Chapter 9: Mobile TV Using DVB-SH Technologies ...... 279 9.1 Satellite Mobile TV with a Terrestrial Component ...... 279 9.2 The DVB-SH Standard ...... 280 9.3 Characteristics of Satellites for Mobile Broadcasting ...... 289 9.4 Ground Transmitters for DVB-SH ...... 291 9.5 Receiver Characteristics ...... 293 9.6 The ICO DVB-SH System (MIM) ...... 293 9.7 DVB-SH System for Europe ...... 294 9.8 Future Systems Using DVB-SH Technology ...... 296 Chapter 10: DMB and China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB) ...... 299 10.1 Introduction to DMB Services ...... 299 10.2 A Brief Overview of DAB Services ...... 300 10.3 How is the DAB Structure Modifi ed for DMB Services? ...... 300 10.4 Satellite and Terrestrial DMB Services ...... 304 10.5 DMB Services in KOREA ...... 305 10.6 DMB Services Ground Segment ...... 311 10.7 S-DMB System Specifi cations ...... 312 10.8 DMB Trials and Service Launches ...... 313 10.9 China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB) ...... 314 10.10 The DTMB Standard ...... 319 Chapter 11: Mobile TV Using MediaFLO™ Technology ...... 323 11.1 Introduction to MediaFLO ...... 323 11.2 How Does MediaFLO Work? ...... 323 11.3 MediaFLO Technology Overview ...... 326 11.4 System Capacities and Content Types ...... 328 11.5 MediaFLO Transmission ...... 333 11.6 MediaFLO Transmitter Networks ...... 337 11.7 Terminals and Handheld Units ...... 338 Contents xi

11.8 MediaFLO Electronic Service Guide ...... 340 11.9 MediaFLO Commercial Networks ...... 341 11.10 Example of a MediaFLO System for Mobile TV: Verizon Wireless ...... 342 Chapter 12: Mobile TV Using WiMAX ...... 345 12.1 A Brief Overview of WiMAX Technology ...... 346 12.2 Why is Mobile WiMAX Suited for Mobile TV? ...... 358 12.3 WiMAX-Based Mobile TV Basics ...... 360 12.4 WiMAX Devices and Handsets ...... 364 12.5 Examples of Mobile TV Services Based on WiMAX ...... 366 Chapter 13: Spectrum for Mobile TV Services ...... 371 13.1 Introduction ...... 371 13.2 An Overview of Spectrum Bands ...... 372 13.3 Mobile TV Spectrum ...... 379 13.4 Country-Speciﬁ c Allocation and Policies ...... 385 13.5 Spectrum for MediaFLO Services ...... 391 13.6 Spectrum Allocation for Wireless Broadband Services ...... 394

Part III Multimedia Handsets and Related Technologies ...... 399 Chapter 14: Chipsets for Mobile TV and Multimedia Applications ...... 399 14.1 Introduction: Multimedia Mobile Phone Functionalities ...... 400 14.2 Functional Requirements of Mobile TV Chipsets ...... 401 14.3 Chipsets and Reference Designs ...... 405 14.4 Chipsets for ATSC Mobile DTV ...... 408 14.5 Chipsets for 3G Mobile TV ...... 409 14.6 Chipsets for DVB-H Technologies ...... 413 14.7 Eureka 147 DAB Chipset ...... 415 14.8 Chipsets for DMB Technologies ...... 415 14.9 Industry Trends ...... 419 14.10 Outlook for Advanced Chipsets ...... 422 Chapter 15: Operating Systems and Software for Mobile TV and Multimedia Phones ...... 425 15.1 Do I Need to Worry About the Software Structure on Mobile Phones? ...... 425 15.2 Application Clients ...... 426 15.3 An Introduction to the Software Structure on Mobile Phones ...... 430 15.4 Common Operating Systems for Mobile Devices ...... 435 15.5 Middleware in Mobile Phones ...... 449 15.6 Application Software Functionalities for Mobile Multimedia ...... 452 15.7 Applications for Mobile Phones ...... 455 xii Contents

Chapter 16: Handsets for Mobile TV and Multimedia Services ...... 457 16.1 Introduction: Do You Have a Target Audience Out There? ...... 457 16.2 Mobile Receiver Devices ...... 458 16.3 Handset Features for a Rich Multimedia Experience ...... 459 16.4 Handsets for 3G Services...... 466 16.5 Handsets for Terrestrial Broadcast Services ...... 468 16.6 Handsets for Satellite Technologies with a Terrestrial Component ...... 470 16.7 Handsets for CMMB ...... 471 16.8 Phones for WiMAX and WiBro Technologies ...... 472 16.9 Portable Navigation Devices (PNDs) ...... 473 16.10 Can Handsets Be Upgraded with the Latest Technology? ...... 473 16.11 Summary ...... 474 Chapter 17: Mobile TV and Multimedia Services Interoperability ...... 477 17.1 Introduction ...... 477 17.2 Organizations for Advancement of Interoperability in Mobile TV ...... 482 17.3 Interoperability in Mobile TV ...... 484 17.4 Interoperability in Terrestrial Mobile TV Networks ...... 486 17.5 Interoperability in 3G-Based Mobile TV Services ...... 489 17.6 Interoperability in Mobile TV Provided via the Internet: IP Networks ...... 495 17.7 Interoperability of Multimedia Services ...... 496 17.8 Summary ...... 498

Part IV Content and Services on Mobile TV and Multimedia Networks...... 501 Chapter 18: Mobile TV and Multimedia Services Worldwide ...... 501 18.1 Introduction ...... 501 18.2 China ...... 503 18.3 Japan ...... 508 18.4 Germany ...... 511 18.5 Italy ...... 512 18.6 Netherlands ...... 513 18.7 The United States ...... 514 18.8 Hong Kong ...... 516 18.9 India ...... 516 18.10 Summary ...... 519 Chapter 19: Content and Revenue Models for Mobile TV ...... 521 19.1 Introduction ...... 522 19.2 Mobile TV Content ...... 523 Contents xiii

19.3 Interactive Services ...... 530 19.4 Delivery Platforms ...... 536 19.5 Preparing Content for Mobile Delivery ...... 537 19.6 Content Authoring Tools ...... 541 19.7 Mobile TV as a Business Proposition ...... 543 19.8 Summary: Focus on Content Development and Delivery Platforms ...... 546 Chapter 20: Interactivity and Mobile TV ...... 549 20.1 Introduction: Why Interactivity in Broadcast Mobile TV? ...... 549 20.2 Making Mobile TV Interactive ...... 549 20.3 3G Networks ...... 554 20.4 Broadcast Networks and Interactivity ...... 555 20.5 Summary ...... 562 Chapter 21: Content Security for Mobile TV...... 565 21.1 Introduction: Pay TV Content Security ...... 565 21.2 Security in Mobile Broadcast Networks ...... 568 21.3 Conditional Access Systems for Mobile TV ...... 568 21.4 Examples of Mobile CA Systems ...... 571 21.5 Digital Rights Management (DRM) and OMA ...... 571 21.6 Content Security and Mobile TV Standards ...... 579 21.7 Multimedia Applications: High-Capacity SIMs and Removable Media ...... 581 21.8 Examples of Mobile Broadcast Content Security ...... 582 21.9 Models for Selection of Content Security ...... 586 Chapter 22: Mobile TV: The Future ...... 589 22.1 Some Initial Happenings in the Industry ...... 589 22.2 Where Does Mobile TV Stand Today? ...... 590 22.3 Challenges for Mobile TV and Multimedia Services in the Future...... 594 22.4 Leading Indicators for Growth in Mobile TV Services ...... 596 22.5 Summary ...... 597 Glossary ...... 599 Index ...... 609 This page intentionally left blank Mobile TV-A Prologue

The economists are generally right in their predictions, but generally a good deal out in their dates. Sidney Webb, The Observer, Sayings of the Week, February 25, 1924 When mobile TV was ﬁ rst launched in 2005, it was perceived as one of the most important happenings that would shape the mobile industry in the coming years. But events were to prove otherwise to the disappointment, and to an extent, the surprise of a very large industry. In fact the situation in 2008 was such that many virtually wrote off mobile TV. It was only in 2009 that a dramatic turnaround in fortunes began, with mobile TV in 2010 set to reach a critical mass for a very large ecosystem of viewers, operators, handset and chip manufacturers and software developers. The reasons in hindsight are not difﬁ cult to understand, and it is also not that the industry did not valiantly struggle to overcome these. The problem is that there were too many issues. First was the issue of mobile operators and broadcasters going different ways in leveraging their own networks to provide mobile TV. This led to the use of 3G unicast streaming by mobile operators and terrestrial transmission by the broadcasters based on replication of TV programs with little or no interactivity and a handful of receivers available that could actually receive them. Second was the use and multiple standards that split networks even within the same country, as was the case in Germany with DVB-H and DMB networks, both of which eventually closed down. In addition , the regulators were not helpful with spectrum issues, which held up launches in large parts of Europe and Asia. Third, the operators did not seem to get the model right. They attempted to offer the service as pay TV, which restricted the market and the handsets available. This is evident from the success of free to air DMB-T services in Korea and ISDB-T in Japan. Korea had over 20 million users of its free ISDB-T service, while Japan had over 60 million phones sold that had tuners for its 1-Seg ISDB-T services, which are aired free. A majority of multimedia handsets in these markets now come with the mobile TV tuners and decoders built in. In contrast, the users of pay mobile TV in any market did not reach even a fraction of this number. The only exception was the 3G-based services such as MobiTV (over 6 million customers), which do not need special handsets. However, even these networks did not make a breakthrough, as operators in most markets levied high data usage charges for a bandwidth, which was at a premium.

xv xvi Mobile TV-A Prologue

The 3G quality was also restricted for various reasons, such as low encoding resolution, usage environment and limitations of unicast streaming. It was not a surprise that the initial years left bruised operators and foreclosed networks even while the major product vendors touted successful trials in each country. In the United States, for the broadcast systems based on ATSC DTV, there was no mobile extension until as late as 2009. The initial launches of DVB-H by Modeo and Hi-Wire were closed down, as it was impractical to build entirely new infrastructure. MediaFLO, which operated on its own spectrum and provided services through AT & T and Verizon Wireless, also garnered less than half a million users in the ﬁ rst year of its launch due to the requirement of a separate FLO-enabled handset and the availability of the service in limited markets only. The situation changed only in 2009 when additional spectrum became available after the digital transition. The success story of AT & T was being written with the iPhone, a device that did not support mobile TV. Mobile TV was not a priority with the major operators: AT & T, Verizon Wireless, or T-Mobile. In Europe, the European Union (EU) took the bold step of declaring DVB-H as the standard to be followed across Europe. Despite this apparent advantage, mobile TV continued to face heavy challenges. DVB-H met the same fate in Germany as in the United States, where Operator ‘ 3 ’ returned the DVB-H license to the regulator. In the United Kingdom, no spectrum was made available for DVB-H, while in France and Spain, commercial launches were delayed. With the exception of Italy, the pioneer of mobile TV in Europe, no country could get even a million users, with their pay mobile TV offerings requiring special handsets and conditional access systems. The users could opt for either a substandard phone that offered mobile TV or one that burnt a hole in their pockets. Phones in use by large segments of the customers stayed out of the domain, which was addressed by the mobile operators. The model of set-top boxes as applied to mobile TV was not working. Asia , China, and India were delayed in their regulatory processes, which would have enabled the provision of mobile TV to large communities. Smaller countries did launch mobile TV, but these were prodded by the vendors and looked more like “ me-too ” efforts rather than a successful mobile TV offering. China came out of the time warp only in 2009, with the SARFT driving terrestrial mobile TV with CMMB standard. In order to address the split markets, new operators ventured forth with satellite-based mobile TV. In 2008, it appeared to be a panacea for all the ills of mobile TV. China, going into the 2008 Olympics, had signed a deal with CMBsat, a subsidiary of EchoStar for a high powered S-band satellite providing services over China. However, its regulators failed to give the necessary permissions for the satellite to be placed in orbit. On April 18, 2008, the ICO G1 satellite was launched and all set to provide mobile TV services for the U.S. market. In January 2009, the W2A satellite was launched for providing high-powered DVB-SH mobile TV services for Europe by Solaris after it won the license. However, all was to go Mobile TV-A Prologue xvii

wrong with this industry as early as 2009. The CBMsat satellite was delayed, while the W2A mobile broadcasting payload failed after its launch in early 2009. By May 2009, ICO North America had fi led for bankruptcy under Chapter 11, despite having an operational satellite in orbit and an operational network on the ground. The successes of Japan and Korea again appeared to be not working elsewhere. The quest for business models was unending. Any single model, such as subscription, advertising, or sponsored content did not seem to work, as there were too few handsets except in Korea and Japan. Mobile networks did embrace multimedia, but in ways that were not predicted by analysts and research reporters. Mobile devices came with such large memories (upwards of 16 GB) that a connection to online music services was unnecessary. On-device storage of videos and music became the norm. Where video was concerned, it was YouTube and Google Video that emerged as the winners, apart from social networking sites. But in an industry with more than 4 billion mobile users, the initial fallacies in embarking on mobile TV were quickly understood. ATSC has now come out with its mobile handheld standard, ATSC Mobile DTV (formerly ATSC M/H) , which can enable thousand of transmitters across the United States at a relatively low cost to also broadcast simultaneously to mobile phones. Despite apparently different mobile TV standards, the underlying technologies have converged to a set of uniform standards, such as IP-Datacasting (IPDC), the Open Mobile Alliance’s Electronic Service Guide (ESG), smartcard profi les (SCP) for content protection, and multistandard universal chipsets that can tune in to any type of transmission. After a dawn-to-dusk cycle, the sun is again rising on the horizon for mobile TV — and with a renewed intensity. The use of video content on mobile phones is entering a new phase, with customers increasingly wanting video access on their mobile phones. The number of 3G users has ballooned, as have the smartphones needed for multimedia. Equipment vendors now make multistandard transmission equipment as well as receivers, making the diverse standards not such a major issue at the end of the day. Spectrum has begun to be available after WRC 07 and the digital transition in which was completed in 2009. The launch of CMMB in China has led to a massive uptake of mobile TV. According to an In-Stat report on China 1 released in 2006, the number of mobile TV users in China was predicted to grow at a compound annual growth rate of over 315% in the next fi ve years. It is now estimated that by 2012, more than 20% of users will be using mobile TV. The scales will be tilted by the increasing use of free-to-air broadcast networks, including ATSC Mobile DTV in the United States, and the spread of mobile TV to user communities in China and India. There are likely to be four major streams for the growth of mobile TV. The fi rst will continue to be the mobile operators, where improved quality will be offered through the upgrades to

1 Mobile TV in China , Anty Zheng – Research Director, In-Stat China ( http://www.instat .com.cn/index.php/ archives /672 ) xviii Mobile TV-A Prologue

3GPP standards and the use of MBMS. These operators will also embrace LTE by 2012. The second stream remains that of broadcasters, which are scaling up the operations as spectrum and standards issues get resolved. The third stream is that of wireless broadband (including mobile WiMAX, a technology that has weathered many a storm and is now here to stay, with more than 500,000 users being added per quarter) and broadband for all plans on the horizon in the United States. The fourth category of providers is that of satellite-based mobile TV providers with a terrestrial component. This book is a second journey into the exciting world of mobile TV and multimedia, with new operators, technologies, and business models. Introduction to the Second Edition

The trouble with doing something right the fi rst time is that nobody appreciates how diffi cult it was . Walt West This book is exclusively dedicated to mobile TV, which is the killer application of the twenty-fi rst century, riding on the success of 3G mobile networks, transition to digital TV, and wireless broadband. A lot has changed since mobile TV initially appeared in 2005. 3G networks have achieved a critical mass of over 500 million users. There have been breakthroughs in terrestrial broadcasting of mobile TV across countries, addressing potentially a billion additional users in 2010 alone. It today presents an opportunity that is unparalleled in history. This is an opportunity for service providers, content producers, application developers, handset vendors, and users alike to target high revenue generating applications. This revised edition is about the new opportunity. It provides a comprehensive overview of the entire landscape, answers all your questions, and provides all the tools you need to be a meaningful player in the new markets.

About This Book

Even though mobile TV is slated to grow exponentially in the very near future, concise information on the subject continues to remain scattered. It is true that many of the technologies have recently emerged from the trials, but the basic bedrock of the structure on which such services will be based is now ﬁ rmly in place. No single week passes by today when a new commercial launch of mobile TV somewhere in the world is not announced. The standards for the services have the status of recommendations of ATSC, DVB, ETSI, ITU, and 3G Partnership projects. The implementation is swift and multifronted — in the form of technology itself as well as every other form: handsets, applications, chipsets, software, operating systems, spectrum, transmission technologies, and even content writing for mobile TV. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the technological framework in which such services are being provided, with extensive clarity on how one type of service, for example, a mobile TV service based on 3G (MobiTV™ , AT & T® ) differs from DMB service in Korea or CMMB in China or ISDB-T in Japan. Will it be possible to use one handset for

xix xx Introduction to the Second Edition

all these services? What types of services can be expected on mobile networks? What are the techniques used for digital rights management on these networks? What spectrum will they use? What limitations do they have? What quality of viewing can they offer? What type of content will make such networks work and how will it make money? Mobile multimedia has brought about a profound change in the industry. The handsets are now designed to deliver multimedia rather than voice. They support large, 3-inch WVGA screens, stereo speakers, A2DP Bluetooth, media players, and 16 GB ﬂ ash memories. Their software is empowered to deliver content tailored for cellphones or mobiles with rich animations. It is a different world, carrying with it smaller screens, and requiring lower data rates to carry the information, but in a much more challenging delivery environment. It deals with media formats that are unique to the mobile domain. It deals with players that are for mobiles and with browsers that are unique to the mobile world. It also deals with technologies that not only deliver content but also provide mechanisms for its payment and user interactivity. The growth of mobile TV brings challenges for everyone. The users now have a very powerful device in their hands that can do much more than connect calls or play music. Are they ready to use such services? The operators are aggressively launching services. Are the content providers ready for them? Is the content secure? What type of advertising will work on such networks? What are the technology options for operators and service providers and customers? Are the regulatory authorities ready to enable the environment for mobile TV? What spectrum will be available for such services? What are the limitations for services based on each individual technology? The book addresses all these questions.

About the Second Edition

The technology and markets for mobile TV have changed dramatically in the very recent past. In July 2009, the ATSC Mobile DTV transmitters went on the air, signifying a new era in the United States, where most local stations will have a mobile simulcast based on the newly recognized ATSC Mobile DTV standards. CMMB, a mobile TV standard for China, has spread to about 200 cities by end of 2009, and 3G is now enabled in China and India. MediFLO technology has had a new lease on life with additional spectrum having been released in the United States with DTV transition and its recognition as an approved technology for mobile TV in Japan, the largest mobile TV market in the world, and a bastion of ISDB technologies. This revised second edition is a completely rewritten volume that updates technologies, services and media formats and presents all information in a practical framework. Four new chapters have been added on ATSC Mobile DTV, MediaFLO technologies, WiMAX, and DVB-SH, while information on others such as CMMB has also been added in detail. The book is divided into four parts: Part I: Overview of Technologies Part II: Technologies for Mobile TV and Multimedia Broadcasting Introduction to the Second Edition xxi

Part III: Multimedia Handsets and Related Technologies Part IV: Content and Services on Mobile TV and Multimedia Networks

Part I begins by laying down the fundamentals that go into the mobile multimedia networks, such as those that deliver mobile TV. Though digital multimedia is discussed in brief, the key focus is on mobile multimedia. Part I also gives an overview of Mobile Networks worldwide as well as an overview of technologies for mobile TV.

The need to carry mobile TV and rich media applications has led to 3G networks evolving rapidly in order to add higher data carrying capabilities with HSDPA, EV-DO, and LTE. This book seeks to piece together the technologies of video, audio, data, and networks that make mobile TV possible and presents an integrated view of the interfaces, services, and applications that will frontline the developments of mobile TV in the coming years. These are discussed in two chapters on “ Overview of mobile networks ” ( Chapter 4) and “ Overview of technologies for mobile TV ” (Chapter 5).

In Part II, the book discusses each of the mobile TV technologies, including those based on 3G, ATSC Mobile DTV, MediaFLO, DMB and CMMB, DVB-H, and WiMAX in detail, with one chapter devoted to each service. The technology-speciﬁ c chapters dwell on all aspects of the services ranging from standards, protocols, transmission, ESG, broadcast characteristics, and examples of networks where these are implemented. The rollout of mobile TV is also closely linked to the availability of spectrum as a resource. One chapter (Chapter 13) is devoted to spectrum for mobile TV services and the manner of rollout in various countries. This c hapter presents the information in a holistic manner, including the impacts of digital dividend post-digital transition and WRC 07 harmonized allocations.

Interoperability issues between networks and roaming have proved to be very important in the past, and will be more so in the future. Interoperability for mobile TV and multimedia networks is discussed in a separate c hapter (Chapter 17).

Mobile TV has spawned many new industries and fast-paced developments are happening in operating systems for mobile devices, application software, chipsets, and the handsets themselves. The industry is aware that the past growth has been possible due to increasing volumes and continuously lowering prices. The revenues that can be derived from the networks will depend on understanding the optimum multimedia formats and delivery modes, smartphones, feature phones available in the market, and how they can be addressed. The new handsets and user devices present in all cases frontline developments in each area of technology ranging from satellite or terrestrial tuners to multimode devices such as portable navigation devices or personal media players. Part III of the book is exclusively dedicated to presenting the new devices and what drives them. We discuss the chipsets, operating systems, and handsets for multimedia in Chapters 14, 15, and 16. xxii Introduction to the Second Edition

Finally, Part IV of the book, devoted to content, presents a series of interlinked chapters on content types that can be delivered along with their preparation tools, user interactivity, and content security. Although mobile TV will undoubtedly have its share of live TV channels, a host of new content best suited for viewing on the small screens is already appearing and will be the key to the usage and growth of mobile TV services. Mobile environment needs content speciﬁ cally designed that can be compelling to watch. The content for mobile TV, already a specialized business, will be more so in the coming years. Along with the content, the delivery platforms for such content are equally important. This book discusses the emerging trends and prerequisites in this regard. Mobile networks have emerged as important vehicles for delivery of content. However, such delivery of content needs to be secure and the license holders need to able to exercise rights on how the content is used. Content security technologies common across the industry such as OMA BCAST and smartcard proﬁ les are discussed.

Intended Audience

The book is primarily intended to give a coherent view of the world of mobile TV and multimedia applications on mobile networks. It offers an insight into the maze of technologies, processes, and dimensions involved in providing the mobile TV services. The book — while technical — does not contain any formulae or mathematical calculations that go into the design of networks. It has been planned in a manner to benefi t all those in the mobile industry, such as professionals, engineers, and managers, as well as students and the academic community. The mobile industry directly or indirectly comes into contact with every individual, and extensive work is being done to further the capabilities of the networks. The book is intended to help all those who are in any manner connected with mobile networks and multimedia, as they need to get a complete picture on what is happening in the fi eld and how they can be a part of the momentum. It helps users, content providers, and operators, as well as those who are planning such services understand the dimensions of the new medium, which is the best possible integration of communication, broadcasting, and multimedia technologies. The understanding of the basic technologies and all related developments in the fi eld prepare the ground for an easy introduction to the complex world of mobile TV, which will be essential for success in the coming years.

How to Read This Book

Any of the four parts of the book can be read independently, with the other parts being used for a reference to the technologies or networks in use. However, as mobile TV and multimedia networks are characterized by their own ﬁ le formats, encoding technologies, and content delivery mechanisms, it is useful to read through the book in sequence if time permits. Readers will ﬁ nd some repetition in the content in some chapters, which was Introduction to the Second Edition xxiii

necessary to present the matter in a self-contained format without excessive referrals to other sections or chapters.

Acknowledgments

The information in a book of this nature is based on the work of numerous standards bodies, industry organizations, and operators who have deployed the technology in their networks. These include the OMA, DVB, ATSC, ETSI, ITU, 3GPP, CDG, GSMA, and many others. I would like to thank Paul Temme, Senior Acquisitions Editor at Focal Press, who not only encouraged me to write this extensively revised edition but also provided valuable suggestions. I would also like to thank Anais Wheeler, who managed the production of the book in the most friendly and efﬁ cient manner. Finally, I would also like to thank the many readers who provided valuable input after the ﬁ rst edition, which makes the second much more practical and aligned to readers as well as the industry. Amitabh Kumar [email protected] This page intentionally left blank PART 1 Overview of Technologies

Do we really need another way to rot our brains? Yes, yes we do — and live TV on our phones is just the ticket. Danny Dumas in Gadget Lab, Wired (www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2008/05/review-att-mobi/)

CHAPTER 1 About Mobile TV

Television? No good will come of this device. The word is half Greek and half Latin. C. P. Scott, j ournalist (http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Television) Are you one of those who is fascinated with the idea of being able to deliver content to mobile devices? Or by the new mobile Flash Player, which lets you watch amazing streaming videos from thousands of sites? Or record a movie using a Handycam® , then edit it and post it on your website? Or seen a game of baseball on MobiTV or VCAST? Or are you a content producer, broadcaster, or network operator who is at the other end of the line feeding content to millions of users? Are you intrigued by the P2P networks and the way they deliver video and audios? You have lots in common, then, with many others who are deep into the world of handling audio, video, and pictures on mobile networks. Join me on a practical journey together into the realm of mobile TV, which has emerged as the most effective way to deliver high-quality interactive content — and get paid for it. Over 6 million users are using just one of the services of mobile TV (MobiTV). Millions more are connected to other networks, some based on 3G streaming, while others are using terrestrial broadcast much like digital TV for the big screens.

1 2 Chapter 1

1.1 The Beginning

For the fi rst time in the history of the Emmy awards, a new category was created for 2006: for original production of content that is designed for the new platforms, including PCs and the mobile world — cellphones, PDAs, Palm devices, iPods® and iPhones® , and the platform of mobile TV. Seventy-four entries were received, more than in any other Emmy awards category. The entries included “ 24 Mobisodes ” from leading Hollywood studio 20th Century Fox. In October 2006, content industry’s biggest event, MIPCON 2006, described mobile TV as the most signifi cant wireless trend for the mobile industry in the coming years. The excitement in the industry was not unfounded, as the events to unfold were revealed. Every major in1ternational event since has been telecast live on mobile TV, from the Olympics to President Obama’s election. However, a real breakthrough had still eluded the industry. It is at the turn of the year 2010 that the long-awaited breakthrough is fi nally in sight: the transition to 3G networks, which were nascent in 2006 but had grown to over 500 million users at the close of 2009. The fi rst quarter of 2009 added 50 million active 3G subscribers (as reported by Maravedis ® ), indicating that the 3G is now adding at least 200 million users a year. Subscriber numbers will double in the next two years, with countries in Europe and Asia, including India and China, enabling the 3G networks and creating a pool of nearly a billion customers with mobile multimedia devices. This now is the new audience, not counting millions of terrestrial mobile TV receivers. They are ready to receive mobile TV, multimedia, and advertising, and to generate interactive content. They will be buying more than a billion smartphones in the next three years. An equally powerful sequence of events is being staged in the fi eld of terrestrial broadcasting. The digital transition has fi nally been completed in the United States, releasing the newly auctioned spectrum to players such as MediaFLO, which has triggered their nationwide rollout. The broadcast industry also got its act together and agreed on different but regionally harmonized standards such as ATSC Mobile DTV (formerly ATSC M/H) for the United States, DVB-H for Europe (and parts of Asia), DMB for Korea, and ISDB for Japan. China was a surprise — out of multiple standards such as DMB and DTMB, a single implementation of mobile TV, CMMB, rose like a phoenix from the fl ames of the summer Olympics in 2008. Before 2009 was fi nished, over 200 cities and provincial markets were live with CMMB. Today China is the fastest-growing market for mobile TV in the world, taking even seasoned industry observers by surprise. India is next, with 400 million users waiting for 3G and a countrywide rollout of mobile TV before the sun rises on the Commonwealth Games in November 2010. There is now no single area where the focus of delivery is greater than those of mobile receivers. These receivers are not mobile phones alone. Far from it: these include standalone receivers, navigation devices, personal media players, and car receivers. The production About Mobile TV 3 of content and applications for the tiny screens of mobile TVs and navigation devices has indeed unleashed the imagination of the industry with the production of short-form programs and original content designed to be effective even for the limited span of time available for viewing.

1.2 Mobile TV: A New Reality

Mobile TV is now a reality. The technology, though new, has been proven. It is inconceivable that a major global event or news will now not be available on the mobile TV medium for major future entertainment, sports, or other national or international events. Operators have started gearing up their networks for adding mobile TV services or have rolled out entirely new networks. There are over 4 billion mobile users around the globe with over 500 million smartphones capable of handling mobile multimedia. The growth in the markets is expected to be exponential, and will be aided by the falling price of handsets and better harmonization of standards. The price of chipsets for mobile TV has already fallen below $10, opening the way for advanced handsets to be inexpensively available. The price points of the chipsets such as mobile TV receiver are expected to fall below $5 in the next year.

1.2.1 What is Mobile TV?

Mobile TV is the transmission of TV programs or video for a wide range of wireless devices ranging from mobile TV – capable cellphones to PDAs and mobile receivers usable in every conceivable mode of transport. The programs can be transmitted in a broadcast mode to every viewer in a coverage area or be unicast so as to be delivered to a user on demand. They can also be multicast to a group of users. The broadcast transmissions can be via the terrestrial medium, just as analog or digital TV is delivered to our homes, or can be delivered via using high-powered satellites directly to mobile devices. The transmissions can also be delivered using the Internet as the delivery mechanism.

1.2.2 How is Mobile TV Different from Ordinary Terrestrial or Satellite TV?

Mobile phones constitute an entirely different domain. The phones come with screens that are tiny in comparison to a standard TV. They have a limitation on the power consumption as preservation of the battery and talk time is of paramount importance. Every device in the cell is designed with features that can conserve power. The processors in cellphones, though powerful even in comparison to PCs just a few years back, cannot be harnessed to run complicated encoding or decoding tasks or format and frame rate conversions. The cellphones are connected via 3G cellular networks, which can support high data rates for multimedia but are not designed to handle the 4 –5 Mbps needed for a standard-deﬁ nition TV. Hence though there are cellphones that can receive ordinary TV telecasts, they are not really ideal for such use. 4 Chapter 1

Mobile TV is a technology that has been specifi cally designed to fi t in the mobile world of limited bandwidth and power and small screens, yet add new features such as interactivity via the cellular network. Taking advantage of the small screen size, the number of pixels that need to be transmitted is reduced to roughly 1/16 a standard-defi nition TV. Digital TV today is based on the use of MPEG-2 compression, mainly because this was the best compression available in the 1990s when widespread cable and satellite delivered TV became common. Mobile TV uses more effi cient compression algorithms, such as MPEG-4, Flash Lite, or H.264, for compressing video and audio — and with visual simple profi les . Compressing voice effi ciently has been the hallmark of cellular networks using audio coding in AMR or QCELP. In mobile TV, we need high-fi delity stereo, and the use of audio coding using Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) based on MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 has become the norm. In the 3G world, which is characterized by the need to use bandwidth effi ciently to accommodate thousands of users in a cell area, fi le formats based on cellular industry standards such as 3GPP (Third-Generation Partnership Project) are commonly used. Based on transmission conditions, cellular networks may also reduce the frame rates or to render frames with lower number of bytes per frame. However , reducing the bit rates needed to deliver video is not the only characteristic of mobile TV services. The broadcast technologies have been specially modifi ed to enable the receivers to save power. The terrestrial broadcast mobile TV services, such as DVB-H or ATSC Mobile DTV, use a technique called time slicing, which allows the receiver to switch off power to the tuner for up to 90% of the time while showing uninterrupted video. The transmissions also incorporate features to overcome the highly unpredictable signal reception in mobile environments by providing robust forward error correction. Mobile environments are also characterized by users traveling at high speeds— for example, in cars or trains. Standard terrestrial transmissions based on ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) or even DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial) are not suited for such environments. This is due to the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in DVB-T, where the 8000 carriers, which are used for the modulation, appear to be at different frequencies than intended. For this purpose, a special modulation technique— that is, COFDM with 4K carriers— is used. ATSC, which uses 8-VSB, is subject to severe multipath fading and uses a distributed transmission system (DTS), which is needed to overcome these effects. Mobile TV has spawned its own set of standards for terrestrial, satellite, and 3G cellular network deliveries.

1.3 What Else is Different in Mobile TV?

Mobile TV is designed to received by cellphones, which are basically processors with their own operating systems (e.g., Windows Mobile ™ ) and application software packages (e.g., browsers, mailing programs). The handsets support the animation and graphics software such as Java or Adobe Flash, players such as Real Player or Windows Media, and so on. Content providers have been aware of these capabilities and hence have designed content About Mobile TV 5 that now takes advantage of the devices on which these will be played. The new content that is prepared for mobile TV takes advantage of intermixing rich animations, graphics, and video sequences, which play either natively or through software clients on mobile phones. The bandwidth used to deliver a fl ash animation fi le is a fraction of that used for delivering the same length of video. This means that mobile phones with all the limitations can indeed display very appealing content and presentation for simple programs such as weather or news. They can also be used to create entirely new interactive services such as voting, online shopping, chat, or mail, which are delivered with video music and animations. Mobile TV programming is delivered with a new interactive electronic service guide (ESG), which makes access to content and its purchase much easier. It needs to be delivered with a user interface (UI) that makes reading on the tiny screens much easier and intuitive through use of widgets or interactive icons. The animation software such as Java or Flash that is basically taken from the PC world is again not ideally suited for the constrained environment of mobile sets. This has led to the need to adopt profi les of implementation that are suited for mobile devices. Java MIDP, Flash Lite ™ profi les, and graphics delivered via scalable vector graphics (SVG- Tiny or SVG-T) are results of marathon standardization efforts across the industry to make a uniform environment for creation and delivery of content.

1.4 Standards for Mobile TV

Watching mobile TV appears deceptively simple. After all, it is carrying the same programs that were being broadcast anyway. But this simplicity hides a vast trove of technologies and standards that have been developed over time to make the feat of bringing TV to the small 2-inch screens possible. Audio enthusiasts have long been used to handling over 30 types of audio fi le formats ranging from simple .wav fi les to .mpg, Real, QuickTime, Windows Media, and other fi le formats. Video has been available in no fewer than 25 different formats, from uncompressed video to MPEG-4/AVC. Moreover, video can be shown in a wide range of resolutions, frame sizes, and rates. It has been a massive job for the industry to come together and agree on standards that will be used as a common platform for delivering mobile TV services. The standards may differ slightly based on technology, but the extent of harmonization that has been achieved in a time frame as short as a decade refl ects a new life cycle of technology and products. The effort required countless groups to work together — chip designers, handset manufacturers, software developers, TV broadcasters, and mobile operators being amongst hundreds of stakeholders involved. It also required the content generation industry to design content for the mobiles, the broadcasting and the cellular mobile industry to prepare the transmissions systems, and security specialists to come up with new ways to secure content. The change, which became abundantly clear with the advent of mobile phones, had been in the air for quite some time. Mobile phones are no longer “ phones, ” but are multimedia 6 Chapter 1 devices for receiving and creating content, entertainment, and professional use. The handsets can be connected to PCs, digital and video cameras, offi ce systems, and a host of other devices to deliver or play multimedia fi les or presentations.

1.4.1 Resources for Delivering Mobile TV

A mobile phone is a versatile device. It is connected to cellular networks and at the same time receives FM broadcasts through its FM tuner or connects to a wireless LAN using Wi-Fi. The delivery of mobile TV can similarly be multimodal through the 3G networks, Wi-Fi, satellite, or terrestrial broadcast networks. In all these manifestations of delivery, a common necessary resource is the spectrum. The rapid growth of mobile TV and its momentum and scale was indeed an event not foreseen by the industry, though not all may agree with this statement. The result has been that the mobile TV industry has been left scrambling to search ways to ﬁ nd spectrum and deliver mobile TV. In Europe, the traditional TV broadcast spectrum in UHF and VHF stands occupied by the transition to digital TV and the need to simulcast content in both modes. The United States, after completion of its digital transition, has auctioned the excess spectrum, which has enabled technologies such as MediaFLO (AT & T mobile TV and Verizon VCAST) to cover all markets in the country. In Korea the DAB spectrum for audio broadcast services was used to deliver mobile TV services in a format named as Digital Multimedia Broadcast-Satellite or S-DMB. The government also allowed the use of the VHF spectrum for mobile TV services and this led to the terrestrial version of the DMB services, called T-DMB, being launched and used in Europe including in Germany and Italy. DVB-H is a standard largely designed to use the existing DVB-T networks and ideally use the same spectrum. This is indeed the case in many countries with the UHF spectrum being earmarked for such services. The United States has now adopted the ATSC Mobile DTV standard for mobile TV, which will enable virtually all digital TV stations to simulcast content for reception on mobile devices. In Japan, which uses ISDB-T broadcasting, the industry chose to allow the same spectrum to be used for mobile TV with technology called 1-Seg broadcasting. The scramble to provide mobile TV services by using the available networks and resources partly explains the multiple standards that now characterize this industry. Serious efforts are now on to ﬁ nd spectrum and resources for mobile TV on a regional or global basis, which will in the future lead to convergence of the standards.

1.4.2 The Mobile TV Ecosystem

It is not only the TV viewers or content producers that constitute the mobile TV community. The new multimedia phones that can display mobile TV can also play music, and that too is directly taken off the networks rather than downloaded from a PC. A new content industry for sale to mobiles was born. The new opportunities unleashed by software for mobile TV About Mobile TV 7 and the content development in Java or Flash, made in one go millions of software developers working in these ﬁ elds a part of this industry, and their products are now available through the application marketplaces. The chipset industry needed to come up with specialized mobile chips for handling multimedia, content security, and connectivity. The family expanded with new content creators, content aggregators, music stores, and e-commerce platform developers. The need to protect content so that the rights holders could receive their dues (unlike the early days of Internet content sharing) led to serious measures for digital rights management or DRM. The traditional community of content production of Hollywood indeed expanded manifold, encompassing all in the industry, including cellular operators, broadcasters, content producers, or those in the vast software, hardware, and services industries.

1.5 New Growth Areas with Mobile TV

Although mobile TV may appear to be an end in itself, it is in fact a part of the portfolio of multimedia services that can be delivered by the new generation mobile networks. It is thus in company with YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, multimedia messaging (MMS), video calling, and multimedia client server, Java applications, location-based services (LBS), instant messaging, and so on. In fact, the increasing use of multimedia was a foregone conclusion after the success of i-m ode services in Japan, which demonstrated the power of the data capabilities of the wireless networks. The launch of FOMA (Freedom of Multimedia Access) services, with its 3G network, took interactivity and multimedia applications to a new level. The new generation of networks empower users to generate their own content, which can be broadcast or shared with others. The rich media services have become a part of all advanced third-generation networks.

1.6 What Type of Opportunity Does Mobile TV Present?

What is available today as mobile TV is only the tip of the iceberg. Although there are over 200 networks operational today for delivering mobile TV, what is happening right now is a major move toward regionally harmonized broadcasting using new technology networks such as ATSC Mobile DTV, FLO, or DVB-H, and open standards for ESG, encryption and content. This is changing the landscape for the content providers and network operators in being to target larger audiences more efﬁ ciently while the users beneﬁ t from open handsets and lower priced offerings. Using the mobile networks to address over 4 billion mobile users is an exciting idea that drives content producers to the MIPCOM. It is even more exciting to be able to target hundreds of millions of devices that have the capabilities to process and deliver video in real time. Broadcasters crowd the NAB or IBC mobile TV forums to get the quickest entry into the new world of mobile broadcasting. 8 Chapter 1

However , it is not only the number of subscribers or revenues that reveal the future potential of mobile TV. The medium is much more personal, direct, and interactive, a signiﬁ cant departure from broadcasting to a faceless set of customers, which is what most broadcast environments provide. Mobile TV provides a new opportunity to a wide range of users. The users get new power from the multimedia capabilities built into the handsets, which now include video and audio and multimedia applications properly conﬁ gured to deliver live TV or video on demand. The nature of content needed for mobile networks is different, so the media industry also gets an opportunity to create new distribution platforms, target advertising, and reuse existing content for the new networks. The broadcast and cellular operators have been seeing a new growth market and there is considerable new opportunity for the manufacturing and software industries.

1.7 What Handset Types Does Mobile TV Work On?

The capability to receive mobile TV is today largely dependent on the delivery network. Terrestrially delivered mobile TV can be received only with handsets that have a tuner speciﬁ cally built in for the type of broadcast, e.g., DVB-H or MediaFLO. Such handsets may be operator-speciﬁ c and the choice may be limited to just a few types. In markets such as Korea or Japan, where free-to-air transmissions exist, more than 80% of handsets have a tuner built in. Most 3G multimedia smartphones, on the other hand, permit reception of streamed mobile TV.

1.8 Is Mobile TV Really Important?

A question that has been asked in millions of mobile TV blogs was whether mobile TV was really that important. Would anyone really watch TV on the sets once the initial craze was over? The answer, it would appear from initial responses, is probably positive. This is so because the mobile TV can be available widely through broadcast networks, and watching it is not necessarily expansive. The users are today on the move, and refreshing new content and updates, fun, and music seem to be always welcome, as do the opportunities to remain connected using the new generation of smartphones. Continuous additions to mobile phone capabilities, beginning from a simple camera, MP3 player, FM radio, and now mobile TV have now shifted the handset from a mere calling and answering device to being squarely a part of an advanced entertainment, Internet access, gaming ofﬁ ce application, mobile commerce, and utility device. We are now squarely in this new age. References

2 Chapter 2: Introduction to Digital Multimedia

Symbian. The Xvid mobile proﬁ le is designed for use on mobile devices with limited resources and its certiﬁ cation ensures compatibility across many devices. 3 Chapter 3: Introduction to Streaming and Mobile Multimedia devices in a homogenous manner, utilizing the code developed for desktop devices in the .NET

Framework. 4 Chapter 4: Overview of Cellular Mobile Networks

This page intentionally left blank 5 Chapter 5: Overview of Technologies for Mobile TV com ) VoiceXML browser. Such a service was also used in Singapore to deliver live video. This page intentionally left blank 6 Chapter 6: Mobile TV Using 3G Technologies

This page intentionally left blank 7 Chapter 7: Mobile TV Services in the ATSC Framework

States), can be used. 8 Chapter 8: Mobile TV Using DVB-H Technologies the display through their players. 9 Chapter 9: Mobile TV Using DVB-SH Technologies

This page intentionally left blank 10 Chapter 10: DMB and China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB)

Also, its terrestrial gap-ﬁ llers are in the S-band and thus do not require the use of 6 MHz or

8 MHz UHF slots.

7 . Are there dual-mode handsets available that can work for T-DMB and S-DMB?

Yes , dual-mode handsets are available, such as the Samsung SGH-P900. This page intentionally left blank 11 Chapter 11: Mobile TV Using MediaFLO™ Technology

6 . Does MediaFLO support clipcasting capability?

Yes , MediaFLO supports clipcasting media. Clips can be delivered and stored automatically in users ’ mobile phones, which they can view at any time. 12 Chapter 12: Mobile TV Using WiMAX compatible devices such as UMPCs, Pocket PCs, and other devices running Windows XP or

Windows Vista. 13 Chapter 13: Spectrum for Mobile TV Services should be allowed to do so, even though the spectrum does not belong to them. 14 Chapter 14: Chipsets for Mobile TV and Multimedia Applications

This page intentionally left blank 15 Chapter 15: Operating Systems and Software for Mobile TV and Multimedia Phones

This page intentionally left blank 16 Chapter 16: Handsets for Mobile TV and Multimedia Services

This page intentionally left blank 17 Chapter 17: Mobile TV and Multimedia Services Interoperability

This page intentionally left blank 19 Chapter 19: Content and Revenue Models for Mobile TV

This page intentionally left blank 22 Chapter 22: Mobile TV: The Future

This page intentionally left blank Glossary machine readable as well. XML coding helps structured data transfer for various applications. Index overview , 21