Series editor: S. Merrill Weiss Broadcast/Telecommunications FOCAL PRESS MEDIA TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL Kumar This new edition is updated to reflect the quickly evolving world of Mobile TV, with coverage of: Implementing Mobile TV • 3G, terrestrial broadcast, and Mobile WiMAX networks • MediaFLO, ATSC Mobile DTV, and CMMB broadcasting Implement state-of-the-art Mobile TV networks • Enabling technologies and protocols, with this comprehensive guide to the latest spectrum, and opportunities for technologies and standards, from ATSC Mobile deployment DTV and CMMB to MediaFLO—the same technologies seeing large-scale rollouts today • Content security, conditional access, around the world. Gain deep insight into the and DRM for the mobile world, based maze of technologies, including the essential on OMA-BCAST Smartcard and DRM principles of mobile content—what makes it profiles work, how it’s produced, repurposed, and delivered securely, and how it integrates with • Handset features for mobile TV and mobile and Internet domains. multimedia services Learn about the key enablers of a mobile • Insight into making content interactive— TV service, like smartphones, chipsets, and traffic, weather, interactive polling, Second Edition mobile software. Access a detailed look at the targeted advertising networks deployed worldwide with real-world case studies. Informative diagrams provide rich • Roaming and interoperability in visualization of the new technologies, services, multimedia networks Implementing Mobile TV and revenue models. Amitabh Kumar has more than 30 years experience in the telecommunications, internet, and broadcast fields and is currently the corporate director of technology for the Zee Network—one ATSC Mobile DTV, MediaFLO, DVB-H/SH, DMB, of the largest television networks in Asia, with over 50 channels broadcast worldwide. He is also responsible for technology at Dish TV in India with more than 6 million customers. He has rich experience in the telecommunications and media fields. He was previously director of operations for WiMAX, 3G Systems, and Rich Media Applications VSNL, India’s international carrier, and was the key person driving the growth of the Internet in India. Second Cover image © Getty Images Edition Amitabh Kumar www.focalpress.com Implementing Mobile TV This page intentionally left blank Implementing Mobile TV ATSC Mobile DTV, MediaFLO, DVB-H/SH, DMB, WiMAX, 3G Systems, and Rich Media Applications Amitabh Kumar 01_K81287_Prelims.indd iii 1/29/2010 11:28:34 AM First published 2010 by Focal Press 70 Blanchard Road, Suite 402, Burlington, MA 01803 Simultaneously published in the UK by Focal Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Focal Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2010, Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. The right of Amitabh Kumar to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notices Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted ISBN-13: 978-0-240-81287-8 (pbk) ISBN-13: 978-0-240-81288-5 (ebk) 02_K81287_ITR1.indd iv 1/29/2010 11:30:00 AM This book is dedicated to my father. I hope that posterity will judge me kindly, not only as to the things which I have explained, but also as to those which I have intentionally omitted so as to leave to others the pleasure of discovery. Ren é Descartes, La Geometrie (1637) This page intentionally left blank Contents The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents. H. P. Lovecraft , The Call of Cthulu (1926) Mobile TV-A Prologue ........................................................................................ xv Introduction to the Second Edition ...................................................................... xix Part I Overview of Technologies .................................................1 Chapter 1: About Mobile TV ............................................................................... 1 1.1 The Beginning ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Mobile TV: A New Reality .................................................................................. 3 1.3 What Else is Different in Mobile TV? ................................................................. 4 1.4 Standards for Mobile TV ..................................................................................... 5 1.5 New Growth Areas with Mobile TV ................................................................... 7 1.6 What Type of Opportunity Does Mobile TV Present? ........................................ 7 1.7 What Handset Types Does Mobile TV Work On? .............................................. 8 1.8 Is Mobile TV Really Important?.......................................................................... 8 Chapter 2: Introduction to Digital Multimedia ....................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Picture ................................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Image Compression ........................................................................................... 16 2.4 Video .................................................................................................................. 18 2.5 Analog TV Signal Formats ................................................................................ 21 2.6 Digital TV Formats ............................................................................................ 23 2.7 Video Bit Rate Reduction .................................................................................. 25 2.8 Compression Standards ..................................................................................... 31 2.9 The AVS – M Video Coding Standard (China) ................................................. 39 2.10 Video Files ......................................................................................................... 40 vii viii Contents 2.11 File Containers and Wrappers ........................................................................... 44 2.12 Audio Coding .................................................................................................... 46 2.13 Audio Compression ........................................................................................... 48 2.14 Streaming ........................................................................................................... 54 2.15 Streaming Players and Servers .......................................................................... 57 2.16 Summary and File Formats ................................................................................ 60 Chapter 3: Introduction to Streaming and Mobile Multimedia ................................ 63 3.1 What is Mobile Multimedia? ............................................................................. 63 3.2 How Do Mobile Devices Access Multimedia? .................................................. 67 3.3 File Formats for Mobile Multimedia ................................................................. 68 3.4 3GPP Mobile Media Formats ............................................................................ 72 3.5 Internet Video .................................................................................................... 81 3.6 Flash Lite™ ....................................................................................................... 83 3.7 DivX Mobile ...................................................................................................... 84 3.8 Rich Media–Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) ............ 87 3.9 Delivering Multimedia Content ......................................................................... 90 3.10 Graphics and Animations in the Mobile Environment ...................................... 96 3.11 Mobile Multimedia Applications ....................................................................... 98 3.12 Summary of File Formats Used in Mobile Multimedia ................................... 103 Chapter 4: Overview of Cellular Mobile Networks ...............................................105 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 105 4.2 Cellular Mobile Services: A Brief History ...................................................... 106 4.3 CDMA Technologies ......................................................................................