Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney Basin Bioregion : Draft

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney Basin Bioregion : Draft 1 COASTAL UPLAND SWAMPS IN THE SYDNEY BASIN BIOREGION: DRAFT 2 DESCRIPTION 3 4 Description 5 The Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney Basin Bioregion includes a range of vegetation and 6 fauna associated with periodically waterlogged soils on the Hawkesbury sandstone plateaus. 7 Vegetation types include open graminoid heath, sedgeland and tall scrub. This ecological 8 community, proposed for national listing under the Commonwealth Environment Protection 9 and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, is based on the NSW listed community of the same 10 name. Information regarding the NSW ecological community can be found at: 11 http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/coastaluplandswampfd.htm 12 13 Name of the ecological community 14 Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney Basin Bioregion 15 16 Location and physical environment 17 The Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney Basin Bioregion ecological community is endemic 18 to NSW, within the eastern Sydney Basin. 19 In the south the community occurs on the Woronora plateau, in the north it occurs on the 20 Somersby-Hornsby plateaus. The southern part of this distribution is separated from the north 21 by an area of non-sandstone substrates, less rainfall and lower elevation, and by the urban 22 development of Sydney. 23 Geology 24 The community occurs primarily on impermeable sandstone plateaus in the headwater valleys 25 of streams and on sandstone benches with abundant seepage moisture (Buchanan, 1980; 26 Young, 1986; Keith and Myerscough, 1993; Keith et al. 2006 in NSW Scientific Committee, 27 2012). They are occasionally associated with weathered shale lenses and ironstone (Buchanan, 28 1980; Keith 1994 in NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). While the majority of swamps occur 29 within 200-450m above sea level, elevation varies from about 20m to around 600m. Soils are 30 acidic and vary from yellow or grey mineral sandy loams with shallow organic horizon to 31 highly organic spongy black peats with pallid subsoils (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). 32 Hydrology 33 There are strong hydrological controls on the distribution of the Coastal Upland Swamps 34 ecological community, both regionally and locally. Development of the swamps is driven by 35 positive feedbacks that operate when there is significant excess of precipitation over 36 evaporation. This, along with high run-on from catchments and low rates of percolation and 37 run-off, promotes soil water logging (Young 1982, 1986 in NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). 38 Lateral transportation and deposition of sediment via overland flows lead to the choking of 39 headwater valleys, impeding drainage. Higher levels of soil moisture lead to increased density 40 of ground cover, trapping more sediment, further impeding drainage and killing trees that are 41 unable to tolerate raised water tables (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). 42 Climate 43 The ecological community shows a strong relationship to climatic gradient, reaching its 44 greatest development on the central portion of the Woronora plateau. The Illawarra escarpment 45 produces orographic rainfall and fogs (i.e. rainfall and fogs produced when moist air is lifted as 46 it moves over a mountain range), and enhanced cloud cover, which in turn reduces evaporation 1 (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). The orographic climatic effects rapidly diminish with 2 distance inland from the escarpment and the occurrence of swamps is much reduced on the 3 western third of the plateau (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). 4 5 Vegetation 6 The Coastal Upland Swamps ecological community is characterised by highly diverse and 7 variable mosaics of vegetation depending on soil condition, size of the site, recent rainfall 8 conditions, fire regimes and disturbance history (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). More than 9 170 species of vascular plants species were recorded by Keith and Myerscough (1993) within 10 the Coastal Upland Swamps within the O’Hares Creek catchment alone, with the total for the 11 community likely to exceed 200 species (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). An indicative list 12 of vascular plant species is included at Table 1. The community also includes micro-organisms, 13 fungi, and cryptogamic plants (i.e. plants such as ferns, mosses and algae that reproduce with 14 spores rather than flowers and seeds) (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). 15 Larger swamps may include a range of structural forms which include tall open scrubs, tall 16 closed scrubs, closed heaths, open graminoid (grassy) heaths, sedgelands and fernlands. 17 Smaller swamps are more typically characterised by open graminoid heaths and/or sedgelands, 18 but may include tall scrubs (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). 19 20 Table 1: Characteristic plant species (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012) Vegetation Listing status Scientific name Common name type EPBC NSW herb Actinotus minor Lesser Flannel-flower shrub Almaleea paludosa shrub Baeckea imbricata shrub Baeckea linifolia Swamp Baeckea shrub Banksia ericifolia Golden Banksia, Heath-leaved Banksia, Heath Banksia shrub Banksia oblongifolia Dwarf Banksia, Fern-leaved Banksia, Wallum Banksia shrub Banksia robur Eastern Swamp Banksia, Swamp Banksia, Broad-leaved Banksia, Large-leaf Banksia, Large-leaved Wallum shrub Bauera microphylla Dog Rose sedge Baumea acuta sedge Baumea teretifolia Twigrush herb Blandfordia nobilis Christmas Bells herb or low Boronia parviflora Swamp Boronia, Small Boronia, Tiny shrub Boronia, Small-flowered Boronia herb Burchardia umbellata Milkmaids twiner Cassytha glabella Dodder Laurel, Devil's Twine, Dodder sedge Chorizandra Roundhead Bristle-sedge sphaerocephala shrub Cryptandra ericoides subshrub Dampiera stricta shrub Dillwynia floribunda Showy Parrot Pea herb Drosera binata Forked Sundew herb Drosera spathulata sedge Empodisma minus Spreading Rope Rush grass Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic shrub Epacris microphylla Coral Heath shrub Epacris obtusifolia shrub Epacris paludosa Swamp Heath 2 Vegetation Listing status Scientific name Common name type EPBC NSW herb Eurychorda complanata sedge Gahnia sieberiana Sword Grass, Sawsedge fern Gleichenia microphylla Scrambling Coral-fern, Coral-fern, Umbrella Fern herb Gonocarpus micranthus Creeping Raspwort herb Gonocarpus salsoloides herb Gonocarpus tetragynus herb Goodenia dimorpha shrub Grevillea oleoides Red spider flower shrub Grevillea parviflora Small-flower Grevillea sedge Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus herb Haemodorum Bloodroot corymbosum shrub Hakea teretifolia Dagger Hakea, Narrow-fruited Needlebush shrub Hibbertia serpyllifolia Hairy Guinea Flower herb Leptocarpus tenax sedge Lepidosperma limicolum grass Lepidosperma neesii shrub Leptospermum Mountain Tea-tree, Woolly Tea-tree grandiflorum shrub Leptospermum Prickly Tea-tree, Juniperinum Tea-tree juniperinum shrub Leptospermum Pink Teatree, Peach Blossom Teatree squarrosum herb Lepyrodia scariosa fern Lindsaea linearis Screw Fern, Necklace Fern shrub or Melaleuca squarrosa Scented Paperbark small tree shrub Mirbelia rubiifolia Heathy Mirbelia herb Mitrasacme polymorpha subshrub Opercularia varia Variable Stinkweed shrub Petrophile pulchella Conesticks grass Plinthanthesis Wiry Wallaby-grass paradoxa grass Ptilothrix deusta shrub Pultenaea aristata Bearded Bush-pea v v sedge Schoenus brevifolius Zig-zag Bog-rush sedge Schoenus lepidosperma Slender Bog Sedge subsp.pachylepis sedge Schoenus paludosus herb Selaginella uliginosa Swamp Selaginella, Swamp Clubmoss herb Sowerbaea juncea Rush Lily, Vanilla Plant, Chocolate Flower, Chocolate Lily shrub Sphaerolobium Leafless Globe-pea vimineum shrub Sprengelia incarnata Pink Swamp-heath herb Stackhousia nuda herb Stylidium lineare Narrow-leaved Triggerplant subshrub Symphionema paludosum grass Tetraria capillaris grass Tetrarrhena turfosa herb Thysanotus juncifolius Branching Fringe Lily shrub Viminaria juncea Golden Spray, Native Broom 3 Vegetation Listing status Scientific name Common name type EPBC NSW grass-tree Xanthorrhoea resinosa subshrub Xanthosia tridentata Rock Xanthosia herb Xyris gracilis subsp. laxa herb Xyris juncea Dwarf Yellow-eye herb Xyris operculata Tall Yellow-eye 1 v: vulnerable. 2 3 Fauna 4 The ecological community provides habitat to a wide variety of birds, mammals, amphibians, 5 reptiles and invertebrates (Table 2). The Australian crayfish, hairy crayfish and Sydney crayfish 6 are abundant (NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). Stygofauna (fauna that live in groundwater 7 systems or aquifers) are abundant and exhibit high levels of local endemism (Hose 2008, 2009 8 in NSW Scientific Committee, 2012). A number of threatened frogs have been recorded as 9 occurring within the community including the nationally threatened green and gold bell frog 10 (Litora aurea) and the giant burrowing frog (Heleiporus australiacus) (NSW Scientific 11 Committee, 2012). The community also provides habitat for the NSW listed giant dragonfly 12 (Petalura gigantean), which is now uncommon in coastal regions (NSW Scientific Committee, 13 2012). 14 Table 2: Typical species found in Coastal Upland Swamp habitat. (NSW Scientific 15 Committee, 2012) Scientific name Common name Listing status EPBC NSW mammals Wallabia bicolor Swamp wallaby Antechinus stuartii Brown antechinus Rattus lutreolus Swamp rat birds Phylidonyris New Holland honeyeater novaehollandiae Stipiturus malachurus Southern Emu-wren Rhipidura albiscarpa Grey fantail Stagonopleura bella Beautiful firetail Pezoporus wallicus Eastern ground parrot v wallicus amphibians Heleiporus australiacus Giant burrowing frog v v Pseudophryne austalis Red-crowned toadlet
Recommended publications
  • Jervis Bay Territory Page 1 of 50 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region (Blank), Jervis Bay Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Analysis of Samples from the Cooperage Archaeological Site, Darling Square West
    Appendix 3: Pollen Report _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Casey & Lowe Archaeological Investigation The Cooperage, South West Plot, Darling Square CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPE OF DARLING HARBOUR: POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM THE COOPERAGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, DARLING SQUARE WEST, HAYMARKET Mike Macphail View of estuarine deposits in Area A, Test Trench 7, Cooperage archaeological site Darling Square West (photograph by Sandra Kuiters, Casey & Lowe Pty. Ltd.) Report prepared 2 April 2015 for Casey & Lowe Heritage Consultants Pty. Ltd. (Leichardt) Consultant Palynological Services, 13 Walu Place, Aranda. A.C.T. 2614 Ph. 02-6251-1631/0432-233-230. E-mail [email protected] 1 1. INTRODUCTION Belated recognition (Gammage 2012) that much of the Australian landscape is a cultural landscape has refocused interest in the environments encountered by Europeans at the time of first settlement of Sydney Cove in 1788 – both as evidence for (i) the impact of millennia of skilful burning by Australia's Indigenous inhabitants and (ii) as a bench mark to assess change shaped by c. 225 years of European occupation. As for the Tank Stream Valley (Macphail 2014a), direct evidence of the 1788 environment is mostly limited to observations in early Colonial documents and fossils in late eighteen century or older sediments fortuitously preserved under younger cultural deposits. Redevelopment of the foreshore of Darling Harbour has provided a unique opportunity to reconstruct the pre- and post-European settlement landscapes encompassing Cockle Bay, the most eastern bay in the complex of bays called 'the harbour-within-the harbour' by Stephenson & Kennedy 1980). Unlike the eastern (Sydney CBD ridge) foreshore of Cockle Bay, which was occupied by Europeans in the 1790s, the southwestern (Ultimo-Pyrmont) foreshore was part of a large Colonial Period Estate (Harris Estate) that was quarantined from urban developments into the 1850s (Fitzgerald & Golder 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Below) with Family Name Provided
    1 Australian Plants Society Plant Table Profiles – Sutherland Group (updated August 2021) Below is a progressive list of all cultivated plants from members’ gardens and Joseph Banks Native Plants Reserve that have made an appearance on the Plant Table at Sutherland Group meetings. Links to websites are provided for the plants so that further research can be done. Plants are grouped in the categories of: Trees and large shrubs (woody plants generally taller than 4 m) Medium to small shrubs (woody plants from 0.1 to 4 m) Ground covers or ground-dwelling (Grasses, orchids, herbaceous and soft-wooded plants, ferns etc), as well as epiphytes (eg: Platycerium) Vines and scramblers Plants are in alphabetical order by botanic names within plants categories (see table of contents below) with family name provided. Common names are included where there is a known common name for the plant: Table of Contents Trees and Large shrubs........................................................................................................................... 2 Medium to small shrubs ...................................................................................................................... 23 Groundcovers and other ground‐dwelling plants as well as epiphytes. ............................................ 64 Vines and Scramblers ........................................................................................................................... 86 Sutherland Group http://sutherland.austplants.com.au 2 Trees and Large shrubs Acacia decurrens
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography of the Monocotyledon Astelioid Clade (Asparagales): a History of Long-Distance Dispersal and Diversification with Emerging Habitats
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 Biogeography of the monocotyledon astelioid clade (Asparagales): A history of long-distance dispersal and diversification with emerging habitats Birch, Joanne L ; Kocyan, Alexander Abstract: The astelioid families (Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Boryaceae, Hypoxidaceae, and Lanari- aceae) have centers of diversity in Australasia and temperate Africa, with secondary centers of diversity in Afromontane Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands. The global distribution of these families makes this an excellent lineage to test if current distribution patterns are the result of vicariance or long-distance dispersal and to evaluate the roles of tertiary climatic and geological drivers in lineage diversification. Sequence data were generated from five chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, rbcL, rps16-trnK, trnL-trnLF, trnS-trnSG) for 104 ingroup species sampled across global diversity. The astelioid phylogeny was inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Divergence dates were estimated with a relaxed clock applied in BEAST. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed in ’BioGeoBEARS’ applying the corrected Akaike information criterion to test for the best-fit biogeographic model. Diver- sification rates were estimated in Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures [BAMM]. Astelioid relationships were inferred as Boryaceae(Blandfordiaceae(Asteliaceae(Hypoxidaceae plus Lanariaceae))). The crown astelioid node was dated to the Late Cretaceous (75.2 million years; 95% highest posterior densities interval 61.0-90.0 million years) with an inferred Eastern Gondwanan origin. However, aste- lioid speciation events have not been shaped by Gondwanan vicariance. Rather long-distance dispersal since the Eocene is inferred to account for current distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants of Sydney Harbour National Park: Historical Records and Species Lists, and Their Value for Conservation Monitoring
    Native plants of Sydney Harbour National Park: historical records and species lists, and their value for conservation monitoring Doug Benson National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney 2000 AUSTRALIA [email protected] Abstract: Sydney Harbour National Park (lat 33° 53’S; long 151° 13’E), protects significant vegetation on the harbour foreshores close to Sydney City CBD; its floristic abundance and landscape beauty has been acknowledged since the writings of the First Fleet in 1788. Surprisingly, although historical plant collections were made as early as1802, and localised surveys have listed species for parts of the Park since the 1960s, a detailed survey of the flora of whole Park is still needed. This paper provides the first definitive list of the c.400 native flora species for Sydney Harbour National Park (total area 390 ha) showing occurrence on the seven terrestrial sub-regions or precincts (North Head, South Head, Dobroyd Head, Middle Head, Chowder Head, Bradleys Head and Nielsen Park). The list is based on historical species lists, records from the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (formerly Dept of Environment, Climate Change and Water) Atlas, National Herbarium of New South Wales specimen details, and some additional fieldwork. 131 species have only been recorded from a single precinct site and many are not substantiated with a recent herbarium specimen (though there are historical specimens from the general area for many). Species reported in the sources but for which no current or historic specimen exists are listed separately as being of questionable/non-local status.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1770 Landscape of Botany Bay, the Plants Collected by Banks and Solander and Rehabilitation of Natural Vegetation at Kurnell
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Backdrop to encounter: the 1770 landscape of Botany Bay, the plants collected by Banks and Solander and rehabilitation of natural vegetation at Kurnell Doug Benson1 and Georgina Eldershaw2 1Botanic Gardens Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd Sydney 2000 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] 2Parks & Wildlife Division, Dept of Environment and Conservation (NSW), PO Box 375 Kurnell NSW 2231 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] Abstract: The first scientific observations on the flora of eastern Australia were made at Botany Bay in April–May 1770. We discuss the landscapes of Botany Bay and particularly of the historic landing place at Kurnell (lat 34˚ 00’ S, long 151˚ 13’ E) (about 16 km south of central Sydney), as described in the journals of Lieutenant James Cook and Joseph Banks on the Endeavour voyage in 1770. We list 132 plant species that were collected at Botany Bay by Banks and Daniel Solander, the first scientific collections of Australian flora. The list is based on a critical assessment of unpublished lists compiled by authors who had access to the collection of the British Museum (now Natural History Museum), together with species from material at National Herbarium of New South Wales that has not been previously available. The list includes Bidens pilosa which has been previously regarded as an introduced species. In 1770 the Europeans set foot on Aboriginal land of the Dharawal people. Since that time the landscape has been altered in response to a succession of different land-uses; farming and grazing, commemorative tree planting, parkland planting, and pleasure ground and tourist visitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Pyrmont Peninsula 1788 - 2008
    Transformations: Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula 1788 - 2008 John Broadbent Transformations: Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula 1788 - 2008 John Broadbent Sydney, 2010. Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula iii Executive summary City Council’s ‘Sustainable Sydney 2030’ initiative ‘is a vision for the sustainable development of the City for the next 20 years and beyond’. It has a largely anthropocentric basis, that is ‘viewing and interpreting everything in terms of human experience and values’(Macquarie Dictionary, 2005). The perspective taken here is that Council’s initiative, vital though it is, should be underpinned by an ecocentric ethic to succeed. This latter was defined by Aldo Leopold in 1949, 60 years ago, as ‘a philosophy that recognizes[sic] that the ecosphere, rather than any individual organism[notably humans] is the source and support of all life and as such advises a holistic and eco-centric approach to government, industry, and individual’(http://dictionary.babylon.com). Some relevant considerations are set out in Part 1: General Introduction. In this report, Pyrmont peninsula - that is the communities of Pyrmont and Ultimo – is considered as a microcosm of the City of Sydney, indeed of urban areas globally. An extensive series of early views of the peninsula are presented to help the reader better visualise this place as it was early in European settlement (Part 2: Early views of Pyrmont peninsula). The physical geography of Pyrmont peninsula has been transformed since European settlement, and Part 3: Physical geography of Pyrmont peninsula describes the geology, soils, topography, shoreline and drainage as they would most likely have appeared to the first Europeans to set foot there.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Chapter Four Recovery of the CO2 Sink in A
    http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Carbon dynamics in restiad peatlands across different timescales A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Sciences at The University of Waikato by Joshua Lee Ratcliffe 2019 I would like to dedicate this thesis to my friend and former mentor; Dr. Richard Payne who died in an avalanche on the 26th of May 2019 while attempting to climb an un-named peak upon Nanda Devi mountain. Abstract Peatlands contain one of the largest terrestrial carbon stores on the planet, and one which is known to interact with climate and global biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. Peatlands maintain their carbon primarily through a high and stable water table which restricts decomposition, and large amounts of carbon can be lost upon drying. However, peatlands are also characterised by non-linear responses to external forcing with a complex array of internal feedbacks which tend to dominate ecosystem response over long-timescales and may amplify or dampen external influences.
    [Show full text]
  • During Temporal Heathland Succession Phylogenetic and Functional
    Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on November 5, 2014 Phylogenetic and functional dissimilarity does not increase during temporal heathland succession Andrew D. Letten, David A. Keith and Mark G. Tozer Proc. R. Soc. B 2014 281, 20142102, published 5 November 2014 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2014/11/04/rspb.2014.2102.DC1.h tml References This article cites 48 articles, 2 of which can be accessed free http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1797/20142102.full.html#ref-list-1 Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections ecology (1804 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here To subscribe to Proc. R. Soc. B go to: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on November 5, 2014 Phylogenetic and functional dissimilarity does not increase during temporal heathland succession rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Andrew D. Letten1, David A. Keith1,2,3 and Mark G. Tozer2 1Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia 2NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Hurstville, New South Wales 2220, Australia 3Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Fenner School of the Research Environment Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia Cite this article: Letten AD, Keith DA, Tozer Succession has been a focal point of ecological research for over a century, but MG. 2014 Phylogenetic and functional thus far has been poorly explored through the lens of modern phylogenetic and trait-based approaches to community assembly.
    [Show full text]
  • Reinstatement and Revision of the Genus Chaetospora (Cyperaceae: Schoeneae)
    Volume 23: 95–112 ELOPEA Publication date: 2 July 2020 T dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea14345 Journal of Plant Systematics plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL • ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Reinstatement and revision of the genus Chaetospora (Cyperaceae: Schoeneae) Russell L. Barrett1,3, Karen L. Wilson1 and Jeremy J. Bruhl2 1National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia 2Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia 3Author for Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Three species are recognised within the reinstated and recircumscribed genus Chaetospora R.Br. Chaetospora is lectotypified on C. curvifolia R.Br. A new combination, Chaetospora subbulbosa (Benth.) K.L.Wilson & R.L.Barrett, is made for Schoenus subbulbosus Benth. Lectotypes are selected for Chaetospora aurata Nees, Chaetospora curvifolia R.Br., Chaetospora turbinata R.Br., Elynanthus capitatus Nees, Schoenus subbulbosus Benth., Schoenus subg. Pseudomesomelaena Kük. and Schoenus sect. Sphaerocephali Benth. Two species are endemic to south-western Australia, while the third is endemic to south-eastern Australia. Full descriptions, illustrations and a key to species are provided. All species have anatomy indicative of C3 photosynthesis. Introduction Chaetospora R.Br. is here reinstated as a segregate from Schoenus L., with a novel circumscription. Schoenus is a nearly globally-distributed genus exhibiting a significant range of morphological variation (Rye et al. 1987; Sharpe 1989; Wilson 1993, 1994a,b; Bruhl 1995; Goetghebeur 1998; Wheeler and Graham 2002; Wilson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Extinction of Mutualistic Species – an Analysis of Ornithophilous Angiosperms in New Zealand
    DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CO-EXTINCTION OF MUTUALISTIC SPECIES An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand Sandra Palmqvist Degree project for Master of Science (120 hec) with a major in Environmental Science ES2500 Examination Course in Environmental Science, 30 hec Second cycle Semester/year: Spring 2021 Supervisor: Søren Faurby - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences Examiner: Johan Uddling - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences “Tui. Adult feeding on flax nectar, showing pollen rubbing onto forehead. Dunedin, December 2008. Image © Craig McKenzie by Craig McKenzie.” http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/sites/all/files/1200543Tui2.jpg Table of Contents Abstract: Co-extinction of mutualistic species – An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand ..................................................................................................... 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Samutrotning av mutualistiska arter – En analys av fågelpollinerade angiospermer i New Zealand ................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. Material and methods ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1 List of plant species, flower colours and conservation status ....................................... 7 2.1.1 Flower Colours .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Summary: Wimmera, Victoria
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]