Oral History Center University of California the Bancroft Library Berkeley, California
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Oral History Center University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Joseph Cerny: A Career in Nuclear Chemistry and University Administration Interviews conducted by Paul Burnett in 2014 Copyright © 2016 by The Regents of the University of California ii Since 1954 the Oral History Center of the Bancroft Library, formerly the Regional Oral History Office, has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral History is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is bound with photographs and illustrative materials and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ********************************* All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Joseph Cerny dated February 28, 2014. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Excerpts up to 1000 words from this interview may be quoted for publication without seeking permission as long as the use is non-commercial and properly cited. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to The Bancroft Library, Head of Public Services, Mail Code 6000, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-6000, and should follow instructions available online at http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/collections/cite.html It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Joseph Cerny “Joseph Cerny: A Career in Nuclear Chemistry and University Administration” conducted by Paul Burnett in 2014, Oral History Center of the Bancroft Library, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2016. iii Joseph Cerny iv Joseph Cerny is a nuclear chemist who spent his career at UC Berkeley. A graduate of Berkeley chemistry, Cerny went on to an illustrious career in both science and university administration. Along with his colleagues, he is the discoverer of direct two-proton emission, the fourth type of radioactive decay after the known alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. As Associate Director of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and head of the Nuclear Science Division, he helped facilitate the opening of that institution to a wider range of research beyond physics and chemistry, including the life sciences and materials science. Beginning with his time as chair of the chemistry department, Cerny developed an interest in the needs and professional outcomes of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows that would become the fulcrum of his administrative career at UC Berkeley. From 1985 until 2000, Cerny was the Dean of the Graduate Division and Vice Chancellor of Research at UC Berkeley, where he oversaw the consolidation of research units and helped the university retain a high standard of research in a time of budgetary challenges. Most importantly, he spearheaded long-run data-gathering and analysis of the career outcomes of students and postdoctoral researchers that have been emulated around the world. During the latter part of his time in these positions, Cerny and his team at LBL developed a fruitful method of joining the beams from two particle accelerators to produce new research in the light elements. In 1999, BEARS (Berkeley Experiments in Accelerated Radioactive Species) inaugurated its first experiments. In addition to numerous awards in science, honorary degrees, and membership in elite academies of science, Cerny received the Berkeley Citation in 2013 for his contributions to the university. v Table of Contents—Joseph Cerny Interview 1: February 28, 2014 Audio File 1 1 Family background: father’s childhood in Kansas, Bohemian father and Moravian mother, mother’s childhood in Dover, Illinois — Parents’ meeting as graduate students at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1935 marriage, Joe Cerny’s birth in 1936 — Sister Mary born 1938, brother Jan in 1944 — father’s army recruitment and 1941 move to Port Townsend in Washington — Moving towns and schools to follow father during WWII — 1946 father accepts accounting professorship at University of Mississippi in Oxford — High school, a paper route, helping to start a dance band, and playing saxophone — Interest in chemical engineering as an opportunity to leave Mississippi — Starting at Ole Miss, living at home, joining Sigma Nu Fraternity — Classes, ROTC — ROTC infantry and leadership training —Racial awareness in mid-1950s Oxford, Mississippi — Appointed Ole Miss senior valedictorian but name omitted from commencement program because of association with anti-segregationists — Successful applications to six graduate schools and winning three-year National Science Foundation predoctoral fellowship — Sister’s involvement with liberal activist church groups — Current racial politics at Ole Miss: “the only war they were talking about...it’s not the First World War or the Second World War or the Korean War—it’s the Civil War” — 1957-1958 summer jobs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Knoxville — Winning a Fulbright, travel to England to the University of Manchester, changing focus to nuclear chemistry and physics — Studying radio chemistry while at Oak Ridge — More on Oak Ridge’s research and structure — Becoming interested in radio chemistry Audio File 2 17 More on schooling: supports and obstacles in launching out of Oxford, MS — Sister’s struggles in MS, and a difficult year in Berkeley — Limited travel as a child, visits to grandmother’s farm in Kansas — Embarking on a Fulbright year — Lodgings in Manchester, embracing the full educational experience — Friendship and travel with fellow Fulbright Arnold Goldman — Meeting future wife Barbara Nadelka — Traveling in Europe, still ravaged by WWII — Reading Brighter Than a Thousand Suns and coursework at Manchester — Reapplying to graduate school, choosing Berkeley: “That was the place to be...in nuclear chemistry, the faculty and the facilities are at Berkeley.” — Finishing Fulbright, return to Oak Ridge for two months, then on to Berkeley — Adjusting to Berkeley’s research culture, mandate to quickly find a research director — Choosing Bernard Harvey as a research director and Isadore Perlman as co- director — Bernard Harvey’s experimental nuclear physics work with Berkeley’s 60-inch cyclotron, focus on light nuclei — Improving technology and changing instrumentation — Thursday morning chemistry seminar — Early married life in Berkeley, 1959-1961 — 1960 HUAC hearings and protests in San Francisco vi Interview 2: March 14, 2014 Audio File 3 38 1961 Bernard Harvey sabbaticals in Grenoble, France, and leaves Cerny to run research group, completing thesis — Job offer from Berkeley, interviewing at Yale in February 1961 but choosing Berkeley — 1959-1961 Nobel Prize fever at Berkeley — 1962 army tour, boot camp in Maryland, May 1962 appointment to explosives and propellants lab at Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey — work on the hotspot theory of explosive initiation — Using the Nevis cyclotron, pion research — Working with fission fragments, Californium-252 — Spring 1962 travel to Italy, Egypt, Turkey, and Greece — Comparing the 60-inch and 88-inch cyclotrons — Taking on graduate students, building a model nuclear chemistry department at Berkeley — Light nuclei research using carbon and helium isotopes — 1967 associate professorship, publication record — More on excellent postdocs — Research independence at Berkeley, access to newest experimental instruments made by Goulding and Landis — 1967 visit to Russia — Visiting relatives in Prague Audio File 4 56 More on travel, 1968 visit to Japan — 1969-1970 sabbatical in Harwell, Oxford, England —Work showing direct proton emission — Comparing research culture at Berkeley and at Oxford — Return to Berkeley, 1974 Lawrence Award — 1971- 1975 work on four-volume series for Academic Press on nuclear spectroscopy and reaction — Lab safety — Quantum tunneling — Balancing research with being associate director of LBL and head of the Nuclear Science Division — 1983 research group collapse and rebuilding with Dennis Moltz as co-group leader — LBL restructuring in the late 1970s — Lawrence Award and becoming full professor — Collaborating with international chemists Interview 3: April 3, 2014 Audio File 5 73 1971 becoming full professor, work with colleague and department chair David Shirley — Creating a departmental planning committee — Hiring Yuan Lee in 1974 — Restructuring graduate oral exam — 1975 sabbatical in Canberra, Australia, travels in Egypt, Tanzania, and Kenya with the family— National cultures of science in the U.S., Europe, and Russia — travels in India and collaborative work with Indian researchers— Three month sabbatical in Canberra, research