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Geologija 51 2 Koncna.Indd 161 15.12.2008 13:17:02 162 Vasja Miku`

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Geologija 51 2 Koncna.Indd 161 15.12.2008 13:17:02 162 Vasja Miku` doi:10.5474/geologija.2008.017 GEOLOGIJA 51/2, 161-168, Ljubljana 2008 Serpulidni ~rv Rotularia spirulaea iz eocenskih plasti pri Gra~i{}u v Istri, Hrva{ka The serpulid worm Rotularia spirulaea from Eocene beds near Gra~i{}e in Istria, Croatia Vasja MIKUŽ Univerza v Ljubljani, Naravoslovnotehni{ka fakulteta, Oddelek za geologijo, Privoz 11, SI-1000 Ljubljana; e-mail: vasja.mikuz�ntf.uni-lj.si Klju~ne besede: serpulidi, Rotularia, Polychaeta, fli{, eocen, Gra~i{}e, Istra, Hrva{ka Key words: serpulid worms, Rotularia, Polychaetes, flysch, Eocene, Gra~i{}e, Istria, Croatia Izvle~ek V prispevku so predstavljeni nekateri izbrani primerki sedentarnih polihetov vrste Rotularia spirulaea (La- marck, 1818), ki so najdeni v srednjeeocenskih – lutetijskih apnen~evih bre~ah in konglomeratih oziroma olisto- stromi, v profilu pod zaselkom Gra~i{}e blizu Pazina v Istri na Hrva{kem. Primerki so redki, razli~nih oblik in ve- likosti ter nastopajo skupaj s {tevilnimi numulitinami, koralami, mehkužci, iglokožci, mahovnjaki, litotamnijami in drugimi fosilnimi ostanki. Omenjene kamnine in njihova vsebina so sestavni deli istrskih paleogenskih bazenov oziroma Pazinskega fli{nega bazena. Abstract In paper several selected specimens of sedentary Polychaetes of species Rotularia spirulaea (Lamarck, 1818) are presented. They were found in Middel Eocene – Lutetian calcareous breccias and conglomerates, respectively oli- stostromes, below the village of Gra~i{}e near Pazin in Istria (Croatia). The rare individuals are of various shapes and sizes, and they occur among numerous nummulitines, corals, molluscs, echinoderms, bryozoans, lithothamnias and other fossil remains. The mentioned rocks and their contents are constituting parts of the Istrian Paleogene basins, in this istance of the Pazin flysch basin. Uvod Paleontolo{ki del V Istri poteka v smeri od severozahoda proti Sistematika po: ANDERSON (1998), MÜLLER (1980) jugovzhodu dobrih 20 km {irok pas paleogenskih in SCHMIDT (1955) skladov, ki sestojijo pretežno iz fli{nih kamnin, laporastih apnencev in apnencev. Znotraj obse- Phylum Annelida žnih in debelih profilov fli{a so eocenski – lutetij- Classis Polychaeta ski apnen~evi bazalni debelozrnati klastiti, bre~e »Cladus« Palpata in konglomerati, v katerih je veliko ostankov »Cladus« Canalipalpata numulitin in drugih zelo razli~nih fosilnih orga- »Cladus« Sabellida nizmov. Ve~ji izdanki teh bre~ in konglomeratov Familia Serpulidae Burmeister, 1837 so v profilih v bližnji in {ir{i okolici Gra~i{}a Subfamilia Spirorbinae Chamberlin, 1919 (slika 1). Raziskovani profili so tudi ob cesti neka- ko na sredini poti med Pazinom in Pi}nom v Istri. Genus Rotularia Defrance, 1827 To obmo~je obiskujemo in pregledujemo že {tiri desetletja. V tem ~asu smo zbrali tudi zadovoljivo MÜLLER (1980, 442) pi{e, da je rod Rotularia ži- {tevilo hi{ic polihetov za primerno raziskavo in vel od zgornje krede do eocena. V eocenu je do- dolo~itev njihove taksonomske pripadnosti. Na- segel svojo najve~jo raz{irjenost. Hi{ice rotularij {li smo le planispiralno zavite hi{ice, ki pripadajo lahko zamenjamo s hi{icami nekaterih polžev in polihetu ene vrste Rotularia spirulaea, ki je naj- skafopodov. Prav to so storili raziskovalci KARAG- dena v {tevilnih deželah Mediterana ter severno JULEVA (1964, 143), ZELINSKAJA et al. (1968, 32) in in vzhodno od tod, torej na obmo~ju nekdanjega KECSKEMÉTI-KÖRMENDY (1980, 46), ki so hi{ice po- Tetidinega sedimentacijskega prostora. lihetov uvrstili med polže k družini Vermetidae. geologija 51_2 koncna.indd 161 15.12.2008 13:17:02 162 Vasja Miku` Rotularia spirulaea (Lamarck, 1818) Tab. 1, sl. 1–12; sl. 2 1820 Serpulites nummularius – SCHLOTHEIM, 97, Taf. 29, Fig. 11 1848 Serpula spirulaea Lam. – D’ARCHIAC, 452 1863 Serpula spirulaea Lmk. – SCHAFHÄUTL, Taf. 53, Figs. 1a–c, 2a–c 1895 S. (Rotularia Defr.) spirulaea Lam. – ZITTEL, 205, Fig. 404 h 1901 Serpula (Rotularia) spirulaea Lam. – OPPEN- HEIM, 277, Taf. 18, Fig. 15 1906 Serpula spirulaea Lam. – FELIX, 96, Fig. 250 1909 Serpula (Rotularia) spirulaea Lamarck – TO- NIOLO, 256 1918 Serpula spirulaea Lam. – TOULA, 426, Taf. 25, Fig. 32 1949 Serpula spirulea – PETKOVI}, 156, Tab. 26b, sl. 1 1952 Serpula spirulaea Lamarck – ROGER, 184, Fig. 21 1955 Rotularia spirulaea (Lamarck) – SCHMIDT, 75, Taf. 8, Figs. 15–19 1957 Serpula spirulaea Lam. – PETKOVI}, 237, Tab. 42, sl. 2 1964 Burtinella spirulaea (Lamarck) – KARAGJU- LEVA, 143, Tabl. 41, Figs. 11a–11b Slika 1. Geografski položaj najdi{~a Gra~i{}e pri Pazinu v Istri, Hrva{ka 1964 Serpula (Rotularia) spirulaea – KOCHANSKY- Figure 1. Geographical position of find place Gra~i{}e near DEVIDÉ, 198, Fig. 261 Pazin in Istria, Croatia 1968 Vermetus spiruleus (Lamarck, 1802) – ZE- LINSKAJA, KULI~ENKO, MAKARENKO & SORO~AN, Zelo opazna je razlika v strukturi njihovih sten, 32 ki se lepo vidi v pre~nih in vzdolžnih prerezih hi- 1980 Tubulostium spirulaeum (Lamarck), 1818 {ic. Pri serpulah je v ekvatorialnem prerezu vidna – KECSKEMÉTI-KÖRMENDY, 46, 155, Táb. 13, paraboli~na do po{evna tekstura (sl. 2), pri pol- Figs. 1–11 žih vzporedna v notranjem in pre~na na zunanjem 1988 Rotularia spirulaea (Lamarck) – HAGN & delu stene. V pre~nem prerezu imajo hi{ice serpul SCHMID, 62, Taf. 9 na zunanji in notranji strani koncentri~no prirast, 1990 Tubulostium spirulaeum (Lam.) – MALARODA, pri polžih je na notranji strani koncentri~na pri- 219, Fig. 248 a1–a2 rast, na zunanji pa radialna. Razlika je tudi v de- 1992 Rotularia spirulaea (Lam.) – HAGN, DARGA & belinah notranjih strani stene hi{ic, pri serpulah SCHMID, 144, Taf. 33 je notranji del stene tanek, pri polžih je debelej{i. 1996 Rotularia spirulae (Lamarck) – MOOSLEITNER, Tudi premer oziroma volumen cevi je pri serpulah Tafel Paz 2, Fig. 9 nekoliko ve~ji kot pri polžih. Vse omenjene raz- 1998 Rotularia spirulea (Lamarck) – SCHULTZ, 24, like v strukturi stene hi{ic serpul, polžev in ska- Taf. 4, Fig. 1 fopodov so lepo prikazane v delu SCHMIDTA (1955, 2000 Serpula spirulaea Lamarck – KLEPA~, 257– Taf. 1, Figs. 1–14) in MÜLLERJA (1980, 436, Tab. 6). 258 Nekatere novej{e taksonomske enote so povzete 2003 Rotularia spirulaea (Lamarck, 1818) – KLE- po ANDERSON (1998). PA~, 504–505, Figs. 146 A–C Polihetna rodova, fosilni Rotularia in recentni Spirorbis sta iz iste družine – Serpulidae. Hi{ice Material: Primerki v profilih pri Gra~i{}u niso rodu Spirorbis so v marsi~em podobne hi{icam pogostni in ve~inoma so po{kodovani. Zelo pored- fosilnega rodu. Po podatkih, ki jih najdemo v delu koma najdemo bolje ohranjene primerke, v celoti RUPERT & BARNES (1994, 526) živijo primerki rodu ohranjenih in nepo{kodovanih ni. V raziskavo je Spirorbis pritrjeni na razli~ne podlage. WALKER & vklju~enih in izmerjenih 30 primerkov. WARD (1995, 40) predstavljata iz »londonskih glin« spodnjeeocensko vrsto Rotularia bognoriensis Opis: Njihova hi{ica je planispiralno zavita cev, (Mantell), ki je prav tako podobna vrsti Rotularia ki sestoji iz karbonatov, kalcita in aragonita. Mlaj- spirulaea. Nadalje navajata, da primerki omenje- {i deli cevi v veliki meri prekrivajo starej{e odse- ne angle{ke vrste niso bili pritrjeni, temve~ prosto ke cevi. Cev je v sredini oziroma preseku okrogla leže~i na pe{~enem in plitvem morskem dnu. (tab. 1, sl. 12), na zunanji strani ovalna do splo- {~ena. Najmlaj{i del hi{ice z ustjem se odvije v kratko in ravno cev (tab. 1, sl. 1–3). Ta izravnani del cevi je obi~ajno odlomljen, zato izgleda, da je njihova hi{ica v celoti zavita (tab. 1, sl. 4–6). geologija 51_2 koncna.indd 162 15.12.2008 13:17:03 Serpulidni ~rv Rotularia spirulaea iz eocenskih plasti pri Gra~i{}u v Istri, Hrva{ka 163 Zunanji rob hi{ice ima za{iljen spiralni greben. numulitin, morskih ježkov in mehkužcev. TARA- Osrednji del hi{ice je poglobljen z obeh strani, MELLI (1874, 5) omenja srednjeeocenske numulitne vendar je zgornji konkavni bolj, spodnji konvek- konglomerate v okolici Buzeta, Grdosela, Pi}na, sni manj. Na povr{ini hi{ice so opazne tanke pri- Labina in Plomina. V teh konglomeratnih hori- rastnice, ozki zažetki in manj{e ali ve~je odebe- zontih je veliko morskih ježkov in ostankov ane- litve. Osrednji del konveksne strani je ponavadi lidov vrste Rotularia spirulaea. SCHUBERT (1905, po{kodovan oziroma odlomljen. Najverjetneje so 179) v seznamu istrskih fosilnih ostankov ome- bile hi{ice s konveksno stranjo pritrjene na pod- nja tudi najdbe vrste Serpula spirulaea Leym. iz lago, zato so osrednji deli praviloma po{kodova- Nugle, Grdosela in Gra~i{}a. MANEK (1905 a, 218) ni, ker so bile hi{ice kasneje odtrgane od podlage poro~a o najdbah serpul in bolj konkretno (1905 (tab. 1, sl. 1b-8b). V ekvatorialnem prerezu se lepo b, 352), da so v konglomeratih ob cesti Ro~ – Bu- vidi za polihete zna~ilna paraboli~na ali po{evna zet na{li tudi primerke vrste Serpula spirulaea. tekstura stene njihovih hi{ic (sl. 2). TONIOLO (1909, 256) pi{e, da je ta vrsta v Istri zelo pogostna v okolici Ro~a in da jo najdemo v {te- Dimenzije (Sizes): vilnih najdi{~ih: Žuli}i, Kotli, Glistonija, Buljav- Premer hi{ic (Diameter of shells) = 12–18 mm ci, najve~ pa v okolici krajev Brul, Osoj, Staraj Vi{ina ali debelina hi{ic (Height or thickness of in drugod. SACCO (1924, 20–23) na{teva {tevilne shells) = 4–5 mm fosilne ostanke iz okolice Ro~a, Pazina, Gra~i{}a in Labina. SCHMIDT (1955, 78) jo omenja iz sred- njeeocenskih skladov v okolici Labina, Krapnja in Buzeta. {IKI} (1963, 331) navaja ostanke vrste Serpula spirulaea Lamarck iz eocenskih skladov najdi{~ Lindar in Berteti}i v okolici Pazina. KOC- HANSKY-DEVIDÉ (1964, 198) predstavlja primerek serpule iz eocenskih skladov v okolici Ra{e. Na- dalje pi{e, da je med »~rvi« pogostna in zna~ilna Rotularia spirulaea. POL{AK & [IKI} (1973, 26) na- {tevata makrofavno iz Pazinskega obmo~ja, med njo omenjata tudi vrsto Serpula spirulaea.
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