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Mapping Newfoundland Identity Through Ghost Stories and Folklore

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Mapping Newfoundland Identity Through Ghost Stories and Folklore Walking with the Archives: Mapping Newfoundland Identity through Ghost Stories and Folklore by Andrea Genevieve Johnston A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Arts in Humanities Computing and Master of Library and Information Studies Humanities Computing/Library and Information Studies University of Alberta © Andrea Genevieve Johnston, 2016 ii Abstract: Guy Debord defines psychogeography as “the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, whether consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals” (23). My project examines the psychogeography of Newfoundland’s ghost stories—what I am calling “para-psychogeography” —to show the strong relationship between place, identity and stories. In order to examine this relationship, I have built a mock-up of a mobile application that maps the ghost stories and folktales —the para-psychogeography— of Ferryland, Newfoundland. Artifacts from the Memorial University of Newfoundland’s Folklore and Language Archives (which include newspaper and magazine articles, personal experience narratives, beliefs and practices, oral histories, and folk narratives and customs) are linked to the map in accordance to each story's location to facilitate a better understanding of the strong relationship between place and identity, the phenomenon first articulated by Guy Debord. My app is built using the platform FluidUI and is evaluated on how well the software can assist in creating a mock-up of an app that can showcase archival materials. Further, I re-interpret my own knowledge of Ferryland and the distinct identity that the town, and indeed, that the entire province demonstrates in its literature, its folktales, and its tales of the supernatural. This project builds on my undergraduate honors thesis by understanding how the literature of Newfoundland “[reminds] Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, and Canadians, in general, that the province is a special place with a stubborn local nationalism that has deep historical roots. Canada, it might be argued, began here” (Hiller 143). The sharing of stories, especially stories exploring similar or identical ghostly experiences (for example, the popularity of The Old Hag tales), facilitates an understanding of Newfoundland identity through the para-psychogeography of the town of Ferryland for not only do ghost stories and folktales include traces of past emotional experiences of a particular place, they are also significant for "[m]yths (and fairy tales, which are degenerated myths) hold the wisdom of a culture. They reflect how the individual relates to his or her culture and to the universe; they are archetypal encounters and comprise a language of the psyche. Without myths, [ghost stories and folktales,] a society decays" (Guiley 393). Ghost stories and folktales are vital to the creation of a unique identity, and perhaps nowhere more so than Newfoundland. iii Preface: This thesis is an original work by Andrea Genevieve Johnston. No part of this thesis has been previously published. iv Dedication: I would like to dedicate this work to my Mom and my three siblings Julia, Mark and Sally. You guys are my strength, my heart, and my entire world. I would also like to dedicate this work to my professor and mentor Dr. Kit Dobson who always believed in me. Finally, to Cameron Wood for being my counsel, my rock, my stress relief, and my hero. v Acknowledgements: This project would not have been possible for the following people and agencies (listed in no particular order): Dr. Margaret Mackey and Dr. Harvey Quamen for supervising me, advising me, pushing me and supporting me; Dr. Tami Oliphant and Dr. Michael McNally for allowing me to explore my topic in your classes, for providing excellent feedback and for always being there to get advice from; Dr. Maureen Engel for teaching me QGIS, for pushing my writing to the limits, and for being on my committee; Dr. Toni Samek for inspiring me to chase my dreams and for all your help with Curriculum Vitae; Dr. Kit Dobson for being in my corner, always; Dr. Kelly Hewson for picking me up when I needed it the most and telling me I can do it; Dr. Adam Worrall for being on my committee and critically looking at my work to make it better; the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Walter H Johns Graduate Fellowship for the funding; the University of Alberta Libraries for bringing in all the materials I needed; Memorial University Folklore and Language Archives, Pauline Cox, and Jenny Seaman for providing me with the archival materials I needed to work with, as well as letting me come into MUNFLA to work with the original documents while I was in Newfoundland; Lindsay Alcock, Janet Bangma, Allison Farrell, and the entire staff at the Health Sciences Library at Memorial University of Newfoundland for allowing me to spend my practicum placement with you, for providing an interested audience to listen to my thesis work and introducing me to as many important people as you could in those three weeks, The Rooms Museum for sending me those amazing photos of Ferryland from the 1930s; Craig Peterman, Paul Burke and Newfoundland’s Grand Bank’s Genealogy Site for allowing me to use several photos from your site as well as letting me know where to look for more information and coming to my talk; Annette and Paul Mooney for your play, additional archival materials, and for being the first ones to tell me about the Legend of the Masterless Men; FluidUI’s support team for vi answering all my questions promptly; my Uncle Wayne and Aunt Rose for all the love, advice and encouragement; Uncle Ken and Heather for allowing me to stay with you while I was doing my research and for the late-night rescue; my mom, Aunt Margi and Aunt Kathy for initially visiting Ferryland with me, inviting me over, for all the delicious food and all the laughs; to Matt, Andy and Nick: you guys have supported me, stood up for me, guided me and inspired me. My project would not be what it is today without you so thank you and thanks for all the laughs; the Town of Ferryland for allowing me to work and be inspired by your town; to the Tetley and Red Rose tea company for all the late nights; lastly, here’s to all the ghosts and supernatural beings that haunt Ferryland: thank you for allowing me to spend the last three years of my life studying and researching a topic I love. You made excellent subjects and I am certain we shall meet again. vii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 ChapterTable of1: ContentsContext ..................................................................................................................... 16 Historical Background of Ferryland, Newfoundland: .............................................................. 16 Ghost Stories, Folklore, and Identity: ....................................................................................... 20 The Devil in Newfoundland.................................................................................................. 24 The Old Hag .......................................................................................................................... 27 Fairies .................................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................... 37 Psychogeography: ..................................................................................................................... 37 Geolocation / GIS / AR: ............................................................................................................ 41 Digital Libraries / Mobile Applications: ................................................................................... 47 Concluding Thoughts: ............................................................................................................... 50 Chapter 3: Data Collection............................................................................................................ 52 Archive Research: MUNFLA ................................................................................................... 53 Story Selection Criteria ............................................................................................................. 56 Archive Research: The Rooms ................................................................................................. 58 Among the Stacks: Data Collection in the Library: .................................................................. 60 Into the Field: ............................................................................................................................ 63 Photos:....................................................................................................................................... 64 Videos: ...................................................................................................................................... 66 Soundscapes: ............................................................................................................................. 67 Conclusion and Limitations ...................................................................................................... 71 Chapter 4: The App and FluidUI .................................................................................................
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