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MEATYARD.Pdf Histoires jamais écrites par Anne Bertrand Comment rendre compte de l’œuvre de Ralph Eugene Meatyard, photographe américain dont la méconnaissance en France est sans doute en raison inverse de son importance ? Il faudrait répondre en laissant quand il faut s’effacer le commentaire, en laissant se suspendre le rapport de l’œuvre à l’artiste. À plus forte raison quand Meatyard met en jeu dans ses photographies la présence de sa famille, ou la sienne. C’est, en quelques hypothèses, et face à ce que les photographies elles-mêmes suscitent, ce qui se cherche ici. Point d’idées sinon dans les choses. L’écrivain américain Guy Davenport (1927-2004) rapporte une anecdote qui en dit assez long sur Ralph Eugene Meatyard (1925-1972). Tous deux s’étaient installés à Lexington, Kentucky, où ils passèrent le plus clair de leur vie : Un soir que Marcel Gutwirth, spécialiste de Montaigne, était en ville, lui, Gene et moi avons passé une soirée magnifique à discuter en regardant une portée de jeunes chatons se propulser à travers le salon. Lorsque je raccompagnai le professeur Gutwirth à son hôtel, il me demanda qui diable pouvait être ce Monsieur Meatyard. Oh, Gene est merveilleux. Il en sait plus que qui que ce soit à l’université en matière de littérature contemporaine, et pourtant il n’a jamais lu L’Odyssée. — Peut-être, répondit Gutwirth, mais quand il y viendra, quelle lecture il en fera ! Portrait sans masque ? Qui était Meatyard, figure majeure de la photographie américaine dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle, si mal connu en France ? Et quelle est sa photographie ? On peut trouver plusieurs réponses à la seconde question ; à la première, peut-être aucune — un secret à respecter. De lui pourtant on sait : qu’il était né à Normal, Illinois ; avait un jeune frère artiste. Qu’il était passionné de théâtre, jouait aux échecs, et de l’accordéon dans la fanfare et l’orchestre de son école. Qu’il s’engagea dans la Navy en 1944 ; fit peu d’études au Williams College. En 1946 épousa Madelyn, beauté scandinave. Fit son apprentissage chez un opticien de Chicago, puis revint s’inscrire à la Wesleyan University dans l’Illinois, où il étudia un peu la philosophie. Mais en 1950, après la naissance de son premier fils Michael, il s’établit à Lexington, travaillant pour le fabricant d’optique Tinder-Krauss-Tinder (en 1967 il ouvrira son propre magasin, à l’enseigne des Kentucky Eyeglasses), et acheta son premier appareil photo. Amateur de musique et de jazz en particulier, il possédait plus de mille disques, pour lesquels il avait établi un classement à entrées multiples extrêmement rigoureux. Il aimait la peinture aussi — certains peintres. Lecteur vorace, il avait dans sa maison autant de livres qu’il pouvait y en avoir, au milieu d’un capharnaüm d’objets. En 1954 il se mit à travailler sérieusement la photographie, rejoignit le Lexington Camera Club où il rencontra Van Deren Coke ; ensemble ils photographièrent le quartier noir de Georgetown Street en 1955, année de la naissance de Christopher (et de l’achat d’un Rolleiflex 6x6). À travers des expositions collectives et des ateliers, Meatyard fut en contact avec Aaron Siskind ou Minor White, et en 1956 il succéda, à la tête du Camera Club de Lexington, à Coke, avec lequel il exposa l’année suivante dans la galerie A Photographer’s Place à New York. Alors il entreprit Light on Water, première série abstraite qu’il poursuivrait toute sa vie et qui serait suivie d’autres — No Focus, Zen Twigs, Motion- Sound... En 1959 naquit Melissa. Quatre ans plus tard, Meatyard rencontrait Davenport, puis d’autres poètes, dont Wendell Berry, avec lequel il publiera The Unforeseen Wilderness : an Essay on Kentucky’s Red River Gorge(University of Kentucky Press, 1971) — mais aussi le moine trappiste Thomas Merton, ou Louis Zukofsky. Sa renommée grandit, ses photographies furent diffusées, des expositions organisées. Soucieux d’expérimentations, affirmant : Jamais je ne ferai de photo par accident. Excentrique taiseux. Père de famille dévoué aux siens (qui le lui rendaient bien), s’ingéniant à les distraire de mille façons. Connaissant le coin comme sa poche, lisant pendant qu’il conduisait, scrutant les cartes de la région pour localiser les endroits qui portaient les noms les plus insolites. Photographiant le dimanche, et ne s’enfermant pour réaliser ses tirages qu’une fois par an, en février... En 1970, Gnomon Press lui consacra une monographie, Aperture en commanda une autre à James Baker Hall ; le photographe apprit qu’il allait mourir d’un cancer. Ses dernières années, il les passa à développer la série qui serait publiée après sa mort, en 1974, sous le titre The Family Album of Lucybelle Crater, par The Jargon Society. Histoires qu’on n’écrira jamais L’hiver dernier, l’Institute of Contemporary Photography de New York présentait une rétrospective accompagnée d’un catalogue exemplaire coédité avec Steidl. Les cent cinquante photographies dont le rendu est impeccable viennent heureusement étoffer l’idée que pouvaient déjà donner de l’œuvre un Photopoche paru en 2000, avec une cinquantaine d’images (sans titre ni date) et le texte d’un bon connaisseur, James Rehm. Par un concours de circonstances, la galerie Gabrielle Maubrie montrait ce printemps à Paris, sous le titre Lucybelle Crater & Others, quarante-cinq tirages dont quelques vintages. L’exposition de l’ICP avait été préparée par Davenport, dont le travail a été poursuivi et la vision de l’œuvre complétée par l’assistant curator Cynthia Young. À regarder de près les trois ouvrages, les séries d’images, les textes, et notamment l’essai de l’écrivain, initialement paru en 1974, puis son interview réalisée en août 2004, il apparaît clair que l’œuvre est suffisamment riche pour que chacun ait son Meatyard. James Rehm semble avoir poussé le plus loin l’analyse duFamily Album..., qui aura largement inspiré nombre d’artistes contemporains, dont Cindy Sherman ou Paul Mc Carthy. Christopher Meatyard (lui aussi photographe) aura privilégié, dans un ouvrage paru en Italie en 1996, Ralph Eugene Meatyard : In Perspective, les photographies abstraites. Davenport, quant à lui, entendait se situer, se fiant à son œil et assumant sa subjectivité, dans le vaste champ laissé libre entre ces deux ensembles : celui des images que Cynthia Young qualifie, après d’autres critiques, de Romances. Soit des portraits d’enfant et/ou d’adultes, seuls ou par deux (plus rarement en groupe), dans une nature triomphante, et/ou près de bâtiments abandonnés, menaçant ruine mais encore debout, ou à l’intérieur, dans des pièces vides au papier peint déchiré, greniers poussiéreux, aux portes sorties de leurs gonds, mais praticables — décor dont Meatyard fait son lieu ; avec souvent des objets trouvés, hors d’usage, récupérés pour servir d’accessoires — poupées sans tête, morceaux de verre, vieux pneu... ainsi que drapeaux à deux sous, et surtout masques de Halloween, ridés, grimaçants (et toutes sortes d’artefacts de même provenance, poulet plumé, main de géant en caoutchouc). Les personnes le plus souvent sont reconnaissables, ou bien au contraire leur présence est comme effacée, ou bien encore leur identité brouillée, compliquée par l’usage des masques et accessoires pouvant perturber l’échelle de la représentation. La famille de Meatyard s’est largement prêtée à ces jeux de rôles, sa femme et sa fille, jusqu’aux cousines, à la mère du photographe... De même ses amis, dont Cranston Ritchie, héros parfaitement énigmatique de l’image la plus célèbre du photographe, qui aura fait de lui un surréaliste tardif du fin fond du Kentucky. Devant un mur moucheté gris, clouté, sont alignés sur un sol couvert de paille : un mannequin sans tête mais vêtu d’une camisole à une bretelle et posé sur une chaise, un miroir blanc dans son cadre écaillé, un manchot dont le bras droit s’achève par un crochet, impassible, en pantalon à pinces et chemise à carreaux. Quelque mémorable qu’elle soit, il ne s’agit que d’un symptôme, à un moment précis dans le développement de ce travail, qui ne saurait rendre compte de tout son intérêt. Et je pourrais en dire autant des photographies abstraites. Quant à Lucybelle Crater, c’est autre chose — déterminée par l’usage des masques pour tous, où la volonté de faire art prime sur tout, mais du même coup arrête le commentaire, si remarquable soit cette série habitée, prophétique. Le photographe n’est d’ailleurs pas absolument singulier dans ses images, dont on a pu évoquer le caractère surréel, ou la proximité des photographies abstraites avec la peinture, la musique, le contenu littéraire donnant leur titre aux Romances — et l’on peut aisément le situer entre Magritte ou Frederick Sommer, entre Minor White et Siskind, et voir venir après lui Duane Michals et Francesca Woodman. La première fois qu’il le rencontre, Davenport saute sur une analogie littéraire, et dit à Meatyard qu’il serait certainement capable d’illustrer les histoires de revenants de Henry James — il pense au Tour d’écrou. A posteriori, il admet volontiers son erreur, car là où James a l’art de donner l’impression que des choses ordinaires sont hantées et sinistres, Meatyard sait déceler, et rendre visible, ce qu’il y a d’extraordinaire dans l’ordinaire des choses et du monde. Plus tard, le photographe lui dira qu’il veut créer une sorte de parallèle au Paterson (1946-1958) de William Carlos Williams — sans bien sûr quitter Lexington. Il allie à une parfaite connaissance de ses moyens une curiosité sans bornes (bien au-delà du champ photographique). Une grande ambition, une aspiration. Contes bleus Interrogée d’emblée par Cynthia Young à propos des enfants, Davenport établit d’abord que Meatyard voulait voir grandir les siens et en garder l’image.
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