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Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) Brachiopods from the Eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran

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Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) Brachiopods from the Eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011, 60, 2, 65–82 doi: 10.3176/earth.2011.2.01 Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) brachiopods from the Eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran Mansoureh Ghobadi Poura, Mohammad Reza Kebriaee-Zadehb and Leonid E. Popovc a Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran; [email protected] b Department of Geology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] c Department of Geology, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff CF10 3NP, Wales, United Kingdom; [email protected] Received 2 September 2010, accepted 12 October 2010 Abstract. Six linguliform and two rhynchonelliform brachiopods, including three new species Eurytreta ahmadii, Wahwahlingula kharbashi and Nanorthis bastamensis are described from Tremadocian strata (Paltodus deltifer deltifer conodont Biozone) in the Deh-Molla area southwest of Shahrud, Northern Iran. The fauna is dominated by micromorphic lingulides and acrotretides and shows distinct similarity to the contemporaneous micromorphic brachiopod association from Tremadocian chalcedonites of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. New data on the early ontogeny of the enigmatic lingulide Diencobolus show a very distinct pattern, including the presence of a metamorphic protegulum ornamented with flat-based pits and a single pair of larval setal bundles, which links this taxon to Paterula and suggests close phylogenetic relationships of both taxa to the Discinoidea. Key words: Brachiopoda, taxonomy, ontogeny, Ordovician, Tremadocian, Iran. INTRODUCTION GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Ordovician brachiopod faunas of Iran are still very The brachiopod fauna described in the present work was poorly documented. In particular, Early Ordovician sampled in the Deh-Molla area about 15 km southwest brachiopods are presently known only from a single of the city of Shahrud in the Eastern Alborz Mountains section in the Eastern Alborz Mountains, where they (Fig. 1). The only published source on the Ordovician were reported from the uppermost Tremadocian sequence in the vicinity of Shahrud is a paper by Ghavidel Paroistodus proteus Biozone and overlying Floian Syooki (2006), where he reported for the first time on deposits (Popov et al. 2008, 2009a). The newly dis- the presence of Tremadocian deposits north of the covered brachiopod fauna from the Deh-Molla section, Kalat-e Molla village and subdivided the Cambrian which co-occurs with conodonts of the Paltodus deltifer (Furongian)–Ordovician sequence into six acritarch deltifer Biozone, bridges the gap between earlier described assemblage zones. He referred the Lower Ordovician faunas and the Cambrian (Furongian) brachiopod part of the sequence to the Lashkarak Formation, which associations of the Mila Formation (Popov et al. 2009b). is discontinuously overlain by the Upper Ordovician The linguliform brachiopods are represented by six taxa, deposits referred to the Ghelli Formation. However, the including Acrotreta dissimilis (Biernat, 1973), Akmolina lithostratigraphical subdivision of the Ordovician in the minor (Biernat, 1973), Diencobolus sp., Elliptoglossa sp., Alborz Mountains is currently under revision and there- Eurytreta ahmadii sp. nov. and Wahwahlingula kharbashi fore it is not used in our paper. sp. nov. The assemblage shows distinct similarity to The studied section is exposed on the southern side the association of micromorphic lingulates described of the unnamed valley about 1 km northeast of the earlier by Holmer & Biernat (2002) from Tremadocian Qalyankesh Mountain, close to the Shahrud University chalcedonites of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, mine at about 8.5 km north of the Kalat-e Molla village. where they also occur in association with conodonts of The Cambrian–Ordovician boundary in the section is the Paltodus deltifer Biozone. Only two rhynchonelliform placed provisionally at the base of the unit of green and brachiopods have been found through the Tremadocian grey argillite (up to 58 m thick) with several thin beds interval of the sequence, including Nanorthis bastamensis of bioclastic limestone (Fig. 2). The lowermost sample sp. nov. and Tritoechia sp. (DM-A/5, geographical coordinates 36°21′21.12″N, 65 Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011, 60, 2, 65–82 54 55 Bisheh-Boneh Abarsaj Nekarman Shah-Kuh Bastam Ziarat-Kala Badabsar Tuyeh Majan Mehman-Doyeh Dibaj Tazareh Namakeh Goshtab Shahrud Sika Eram Malkhast Nosrat-Abad Deh-Molla Royan Cheshmeh-Ali Astaneh Kalat-e Molla TorkamAlborzKavat Mountains Saleh-Abad Iyul Ahuvano Emam-Abad Langar Damghan Lajaneh Agreh Barm-Qaleh-Payin Ghani-Abad Fulad-Mahleh Amiryeh Sefiddar Darvar Chah-Bagher Saleh-Abad 36 Parvar Caspian Rostam-Rudbar Hasan-Abad Omran Chashm Sea Kavir Haj Ali Gholi Reza-Abad Olian DamghanMohammad -Abad TehranDehsufian Feiz-Abad Baba-AhmadluDjam ShakhmirzadIRAN Ahovan Mahdishahr Major road Chashtkhoran Minor road Duzahir Persian Gulf Railway River 200 km Semnan 0 km 40 Fig. 1. Geographical map showing the position of the Deh-Molla section southwest of Shahrud. 54°44′44.1″E) was taken from the argillite at 15.5 m Sample DM-A/9 was taken from the base of a grey above the base of the unit, containing abundant trilobites, bioclastic limestone bed at 38.9 m above the base of the including Asaphellus inflatus Lu, 1962; Chungkingaspis unit. It contains the brachiopods Acrotreta dissimilis, sinensis (Sheng, 1958); Conophrys simehensis Ghobadi Diencobolus sp. and Wahwahlingula kharbashi. Pour, 2006; Dactylocephalus mehriae Ghobadi Pour, Sample DM-A/10 was taken from the top of the same 2006; Geragnostus sp. and a few brachiopods, including limestone bed at about 0.3 m above the sample. It contains Eurytreta sp. and Nanorthis bastamensis sp. nov. brachiopods Acrotreta dissimilis, Akmolina minor, The main part of the brachiopod collection was Eoconulus sp., Eurytreta ahmadii and Wahwahlingula sampled from four beds of bioclastic limestone in the kharbashi. middle of the unit. Two uppermost limestone horizons Sample DM-A/9B was taken from the base of the yielded an abundant conodont fauna indicative of the uppermost limestone bed at 41.75 m above the base Paltodus deltifer deltifer Biozone. of the unit and sample DM-A/9A was collected from Sample DM-A/7 was taken at 21.4 m above the base the same bed just 5 cm above the previous sample of the unit. It contains brachiopods Eurytreta ahmadii (geographical coordinates 36°21′22.5″N; 54°44′44.88″E, sp. nov. and Wahwahlingula kharbashi sp. nov. altitude 1645 m). They contain rhynchonelliform Sample DM-A/8 was taken at 29.8 m above the brachiopods including abundant Nanorthis bastamensis base of the unit. The brachiopod assemblage from that and a few Tritoechia sp., linguliform brachiopods sample includes Acrotreta dissimilis, Diencobolus sp., Acrotreta dissimilis, Akmolina minor, Diencobolus sp., Elliptoglossa sp., Eurytreta ahmadii and Wahwahlingula Eurytreta ahmadii and Wahwahlingula kharbashi. kharbashi, which occur in association with spicules of Sample DM-A/10A was taken from the upper part of hexactinellide sponges and ostracods. the bed at 0.35 m above sample DM-A/9A, containing 66 M. Ghobadi Pour et al.: Tremadocian brachiopods from Iran Fig. 2. Stratigraphical column of the Lower Ordovician sediments in the Deh-Molla section showing the position of samples and stratigraphical distribution of brachiopods, selected trilobites, echinoderms and conodonts. numerous trilobites Asaphellus sp. and Asaphopsis sp. Biozone to the Darriwilian Stage is missing. In the which occur in association with numerous ostracods. absence of diagnostic conodonts, the Lower Ordovician The Tremadocian deposits are overlain unconform- boundary in both sections is defined by the appearance ably by a sandstone unit with the up to 1 m thick bed of of the characteristic Asaphellus–Dactylocephalus Association a pebbly conglomerate at the base. The Darriwilian (for further discussion see Ghobadi Pour 2006), which age of the sandstones is confirmed by the occurrence includes Asaphellus inflatus, Chungkingaspis sinensis of the trilobite Neseuretus aff. tristani (Brongniart in and Dactylocephalus. According to Peng (1990a, 1990b), Desmarest, 1817) (for more comments see Ghobadi Pour in South China, the trilobite association with Asaphellus et al. 2007). inflatus and Dactylocephalus spp. appears near the base In comparison to the Simeh-Kuh section, which is of the Tremadocian. In particular, in the western Hubei situated in the vicinity of Damghan about 50 km west of Province, this assemblage appears in the Nantsinkwan Deh-Molla (Ghobadi Pour 2006; Popov et al. 2008), the Formation above the local Monocostodus servierensis– Tremadocian part of the Ordovician sequence in the Cordylodus intermedius conodont Biozone of the upper- studied section is condensed, while a significant interval most Cambrian age. Therefore, the position of the from the uppermost Tremadocian Paroistodus proteus Cambrian–Ordovician boundary in the Deh-Molla section 67 Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011, 60, 2, 65–82 is placed significantly higher than it was previously Remarks. A single dorsal valve is characterized by the defined by Ghavidel Syooki (2006), approximately 35 m marginal umbo, and well-defined limbus, which are above his local Acritarch Assemblage Zone III. characteristic of Elliptoglossa. There are only three other described Tremadocian species, all restricted in their geographical distribution to Gondwana and Baltica SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY (Popov & Holmer 1994; Mergl 2002), including Elliptoglossa polonica Holmer &
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