July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24115 amount authorized for construction purposes. effectiveness of all Federal agencies every ten H.R. 14650. July 1, 1976. science and Establishes additional criteria for United years. Technology. Establishes a National Earth­ States participation in land acqu.1.sition for Terminates such agency ten years after the quake Hazards Reduction Conference. such project. subm~ssion of such report to the President Enumerates the duties of the Conference H.R. 14646. July 1, 1976. Veterans' Affairs. and Congress unless Congress acts to con­ including: ( 1) the formation of a national Names a. Veterans' Administration hospital. tinue such agency. H.R. 14647. July 1, 1976. Ways and Means. program to develop capabilities for earth­ Amends the Internal Revenue Code to alloW' H.R. 14649. July 1, 1976. Banking, Currency quake hazards reduction; (2) the establish­ as a credit against the income tax an amount and Housing. Creates the National Consumer ment of means for disseminating earthquake equal to the qualified land conservation ex­ Cooperative Bank, the Self-Help Develop­ prediction information and technical assist­ penditures paid or incurred by the taxpayer. ment Fund, and the Cooperative Bank and ance; (3) the coordination of earthquake and H.R. 14648. July l, 1976. Government Op­ Assistance Administration to assist in the related hazard research programs; and (4) erations. Requires the Office of Manage­ formation and growth of consumer and other the establishment of an earthquake predic­ ment and Budget to study the efficiency and types of self-help cooperatives. tion board.

EXTENSIONS OF .REMARKS NEW RIVER GORGE BRIDGE SYM­ labor and construction of it; for those who it has staked its pleoge to representative BOLIZED BY REVEREND WICK­ have forged the steel and scaled the heights democracy and held firm. LINE'S PRAYER to assemble it; for those who have kept The rise of democracy in Puerto Rico dally vigil in watching it rise. Guard the traffic that shall travel across it that no has been paralleled in the past two dec­ tragedy may befall them. ades by substantial improvement.5 in the HON . .JENNINGS RANDOLPH We pause in gratitude for those who have quality Qf life there, and I am certain OF WEST vmGINIA sacrificed for the realization of this dream, this commitment to progress will con­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES those who have given their life and those tinue in the future. I salute the Governor who have received bodily injury in its con­ of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Tuesday, July 27, 1976 stnictlon; we remember before Thee, the Hon. Rafael Hernandez-Colon and the families who have sacrificed in separate­ Resident Commissioner Jaime Benitez Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, con­ ness for its building and those whose sacred struction of the world's longest steel arch soil and homes were yielded for this measure for their continued leadership and dedi­ bridge is progressing across the New of progress. cation to the people of Puerto Rico. River Gorge in Fayette County, W. Va. 0 Eternal God, grant this structure to Mr. Speaker, Puerto Rican citizens also When completed, the 3,030-foot long stand as a stalwart sentinel of service, occupy the mainstream of American New River Gorge Bridge will be an inte­ bridging not only the.gorge beneath it but society, contributing to the public good gral part of the Appalachian Corridor the human rifts to lessen our travel and in many ways. The accomplishments of bind communities of our state and the weld­ Puerto Ricans have been very evident in System connecting Interstate 79 near ing of new relationships across our country. Sutton and Interstate 77 near Beckley. As this bridge towers above the canyon my home city of Newark, N.J., with an This highway will make a section of winds and weathers the torrents of rain and increasing number of fine public servants West Virginia accessible by modern eternal snows, let it be to us a symbolic such as Newark's Deputy Mayor Ray­ highway across terrain that heretofore rainbow like God's first one, offering unalter­ mond Arneses; my good friend Marie has discouraged development of this part able promises for Thy glory and man's Gonzolez, of the Hum.an Rights Commis­ of our home State. obedience. Allow it to be no novelty, nor per­ sion; Hosea Rosario, president of the It was my pleasure recently to par­ mit the labors upon it to be perishable, but Puerto Rican Congress of New Jersey and continue Thy Presence upon all through its Tony Perez of FOCUS, to name a few. ticipate in a ceremony marking the clos­ completion, through Jesus Christ our Lord ing of the giant steel arch soaring 876 ... Amen. As we celebrate the birth of our Nation, feet above the beautiful New River can­ we are reminded that the character of yon. It is difficult to use words that ade­ America is strengthened by the ethnic quately match the majesty of 'this spec­ diversity of our people. tacular scenic area and the achievement PUERTO RICAN INDEPENDENCE Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to call to in the building of this bridge. DAY my colleagues' attention the celebration On this occasion, the invocation de­ of New Jersey Puerto Rican Day this livered by the Rev. Billy Reed Wickline year. It will be a significant and joyous of the Fayetteville United Methodist HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. occasion when, on August 1, 1976, New Church was movingly appropriate. I wish OF NEW JERSEY Jersey holds it.5 statewide parade to to share his thoughts with my colleagues, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES honor the countless contributions of and I ask unanimous consent that the Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Puerto Rican Americans. I commend the Reverend Wickline's invocation be parade chairman, Miguel Rodriguez, and printed in the RECORD. . . Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I am hon­ the master of ceremonies, Raul Davile, There being no objection, the prayer ored to have this opportunity to pay and I am proud to offer my congratula­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tribute to the people of Puerto Rico who tions and thanks to Puerto Rican Amer­ as follows: are celebrating the 21st anniversary of icans, who mean so much to the Ameri­ INVOCATION BY THE REV. BILLY REED enactment of the Puerto Rican Constitu- can experience. WICKLINE tion. . Puerto Rican Independence Day is 0 Almighty God, Creator of all things: A TRIBUTE TO SEYMOUR ROBINSON Thou hast arched the heavens above us and especially important, because it symbol­ enriched the earth beneath us and allowed izes what Puerto Rico represent.5 for the the trees of the forests to clap their hands rest of the world. Ever since the end of HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN and the hllls to break forth into singing. the Spanish-American War, in 1898, the OF CALIFORNIA Thou hast put hymns in the waters and Puerto Rican people have sought to make sermons in stone and strength in steel. We their concept.5 of freedom and justice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES praise Thee for this matchless morning and into reality. Their steadily expanding Tuesday, July 27, 1976 the occasion of this celebration. We sing unto Thee, 0 Lord, a new song, for Thou Political participation eventually Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is my hast done marvelous things! prompted President Truman, on July 3, pleasure to join the Westside Community We thank Thee O Father for the vision for 1950, to sign an act authorizing the peo­ Center of the Jewish Center Association this structure; the task to build it and the ple of Puerto Rico to draft a constitution in paying tribute to Seymour Robinson. strength to continue and complete this of their own; since that time the destiny Mr. Robinson will be presented with handiwork. We beseech Thy blessings upon of the people of Puerto Rico has been all who are gathered this day in this place the Man of the Year award by Mayor and praise Thee for all Thy people. Thanks linked with that of all Americans in the Tom Bradley on Thursday, July 29, 1976, be unto Thee for the draftsman who de­ common bond of freedom. With all the at the Health Club Award Night to be signed it; the engineers who surveyed it; the troubles which have beset this relatively held in the Weinberger Auditorium of skilled workmen who have thrilled to the small island over the past two centuries, the Westside Jewish Center. CXXII--1521-Part 19 24116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 proved correct . . . Once again principle 13 a statesman of advanced design. And it is Seymour Robinson is well deserving of unlikely that he has a capacity for mordant this honor. He has devoted himself to abandoned in favor of expediency just as the Canadian Government no doubt thought satire. So although he is a large man with a improving relationships between the would happen when it decided to curry .favor large sense of mirth, it is unlikely that he Jewish community and the black and with Peking . . . If Canada gets away with was joshing when he said, plaintively, of the Chicano communities for the mutual this flagrant abuse and misuse of the Israeli rescue attack on his airport: "I did benefit of all. He has been active in Olympics, a far-reaching precedent will have all I could to help Israel and Israel replied movements for school integration and been set that could destory the modern by doing me harm."' enrichment of educational opportunities. Olympic Games altogether. Actually Amin may have pioneered in a new dimension in lawlessness by casting These have been the main thrusts of his The 1980 Olympics are scheduled for Uganda, a sovereign state, in the role of col­ very active life, but he has been active in Moscow. Columnist George Will asks: laborator in, and perhaps instigator of, an many other areas of social welfare and Will it (the Soviet Union) ban Israel? Will act of international terrorism. According to significance. it invite the P .L.O. to send a team? Will this the freed hostages, Amin embraced the He has been president and the or­ draw more than unhappy words from the leader of the hi}acking gang; some terrorists ganizer of Neighbors Unlimited and U.S.? were wa.iting to join the hijackers in Uganda; helped organize Black Party Neighbors, Amin's soldiers helped the terrorists guard a group that has worked to develop close It is time that the United States made the hostages and even gave the terrorists it clear that unless all countries,- regard­ weapons. ties between the black and Jewish com­ United Nations Secretary General :kurt munities living together in the Pico Fair­ less of politics, are permitted to partici­ pate in-future Olympic games, the United Waldheim was weighed in with one of his fax area of Los Angeles. He has been predictably "even-handed" homilies deplor­ chairman, Public Affairs committee, States will not participate. ing terrorism and those who resist it. He West Side Jewish Community Center, In an editorial discussing the collapse criticizes Israel for violating Uganda's sov­ 1973-75; member, Urban Affairs Com­ of the Olympic ideal, Business Week ereignty. But anything that hastens the de­ mittee, L.A. Board of Education; mem­ magazine states that-- composition of the U.N. is welcome and the ber of the Mayor's Advisory Committee At this point, the U.S. should withdraw same is true of the Olympics. The Olympics from all future Olympics. Out of fairness to are to sport what the U.N. is to government; to assist small and minority businesses its athletes, it should let them compete in a parody and, increasingly, a plaything of to obtain city contracts. He has also been Montreal. Then it should put the dream of the world's lopsided majority of dictator­ a member of the Citizens' Committee for universal sportmanship on the shelf andtre­ ships. the Pan Pacific Urban Park; member, fuse to compete again. The whole idea of the The Canadian government, having shoy.rn L.A. City Human Relations Commission, Olympics collapses when posturing nations its mettle by dealing sternly with Taiwan's and member of the Parents' Advisory are allowed to use the games to score politi­ 51 athletes, offered as an "expla nation" t he Committee of Fairfax High School. cal points. The ancient Greeks saw the Olym­ fact that Canada recognizes Communist Seymour's wife Anita is currently a pics as the symbol of a unifying civilization China. Such comportment is becoming Tru­ that embraced all participants. The modern deau's trademark. He chose to visit Cuba medical social worker with Cedars Sinai world unfortunately cannot meet that stand­ during Cuba's expedition to Angola, and Hospital where she has been for the last ard. missed no chance to abase himself before 20 years. They have two sons, David and Castro, praising the dictator for his "intense Billy, and a daughter, Lorraine. It is regrettable that the United States rapport with the G::uban people." Seymour Robinson is a warm and com­ was willing to associate itself with the The International Olympic Committee has passionate human being. I am pleased to behavior of the Canadian Government protested Canada's decision. But it hastened consider him one of my personal friends. by continuing to participate in the Mon­ to add that, although it deplores the injec­ He is receiving a well earned tribute. treal games. Hopefully, such action will tion of politics into the Oympics, it will not never take place again. contemplate withdrawing its sanction of the Montreal games. That would be a jerk on the I wish to share with my colleagues the leash that Canada would understand. syndicated column by George Will con­ In response to Canada's decision, the U.S. THE DANGEROUS POLITICIZATION cerning this subject, and the editorial Olympic Committee made simpering sounds, OF THE OLYMPICS "Collapge of an Ideal,'' as it appeared i~ threatening to withdraw from the games if Business Week of August 2, 1976, with the IOC withdrew its sanction of the games. my colleagues and insert them in the But the IOC said that it has never "even HON. PHILIP M. CRANE RECORD at this time: suggested 'privately it would take such OF ILLINOIS action." CONTRASTING ISRAEL, CANADA In 1980 the "host . country" will be the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By George F. Will) Soviet Union, which undoubtedly will edit Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Israel has given the Western world re­ the list of competitors. Will it ban Israel? Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in politiciz­ medial instruction in how to deal with bul­ Will it invite the Palestine Liberation Orga­ lies. The Canadian government, as though nization to send a team? Will this draw more ing the Olympic games by refusing to t o the manner born, has been acting the than unhappy words from the U.S.? Such permit the Republic of China to partici­ bully. words were the only U.S. response when the pate, the Canadian Government is guilty Israel responded with lethal boldness to IOC, at Moscow's behest, banned Radio Free of violating not only the ideals of the the kidnapping of Jews by Palestinian ter­ Europe from covering the winter Olympics Olympics but is guilty, as well, of going rorists. By killing the terrorists in the sanc­ in February. back upon its own pledged commitment. tuary provided by Uganda's President Idi Speaking to his nation about the Nazis, In a letter issued in 1969 to the Inter­ Amin, Israel demonstrated that there are no Churchill growled: "What kind of people do safe havens for terrorists. they think we are?" It ls easy to imagine national Olympic Committee, Canada Communist China, a good customer for what kind of people the Peking government promised that all Olympic athletes would Canadiian wheat, did not want Oanada even thinks the Ottawa politicians are. be allowed into the country "pursuant to admit athletes from Taiwan. The govern­ Israelis may be the only people in the West to normal procedures." The Olympic ment of Prime Minister Trudeau has met who still understand that it ls dangerous to Committee's chairman, Lord Killanin, Peking halfway. Canada, which ls the "host be hated but doubly dangerous to be de­ now declares that he had been "duped" country" for the.. Olympics, has suddently spised. If Israel's policy of prickly self­ by the letter. decided that Taiwan's athletes will not be respect ls contagious, people who say that But if the Canadian Government has allowed to compete under the name "Re­ the West will preserve Israel may have things public of China" and will not be allowed to backward. acted in a less than honorable manner, fly their national flag or play their national the International Olympic Committee is anthem. COLLAPSE OF AN IDEAL seriously in error for having capitulated When Canada was vying with Los Angeles The modern version of the Olympic Games to the Candian conditions. Similarly, the for possession of the 1976 Olympics, Canada. goes back to the years before World War I, U.S. Olympic Committee acquiesced in promised that it would obey Olympic rules, when the world believed that sportsmanship the politicization of the games by per­ which forbid such politioal discrimination. could transcend the pettiness of national mitting American athletes to participate. Canada was asked, and gave specific assur­ rivalries. The ideal has never been fully ances a.bout, accepting the Republic of achieved, and this week, in Montreal, it broke Public opinion in the United States China, the name recognized by the Interna.­ down completely. First, Canada, the host seems uniformly to oppose what has hap­ tional Olympic Committee. country, refused to let Taiwan athletes com­ pened in Montreal. The New York Times Uganda's Amin having taken .rio trouble pete in the name of the Republic of China. declared thaJt.- to conceal the fact (indeed, I.iaving been Then 17 African nations pulled out in an The cynical. calculation of Prime Minister clever to' the point of precocity at advertis­ effort to have New Zealand excluded because Trudeau that the I.O.C. was a paper tiger has ing the fact), it is no secret that he is not it sent a rugby team to South Africa. July .~ 7, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24117 At this point, the U.S. should withdraw berg through "forests full of beasts" appears Gene's presence is missed in the House from all future Olympics. Out of fairness to improbable. · Committee on Veterans' Affairs where he its athletes, it should let them compete at Yet, Deresiewicz found the Chronicle's text Montreal. Then it should put the dream of and illustrations to be amazingly accurate, dedicated himself in behalf of all vet­ universal ·sportsmanship on the shelf and supported as they are by the many historic erans since 1968. refuse to compete again. documents he reviewed. Of the overall work, ·Gene Howard was a quiet man, but he The whole idea of the Olympics collapses he writes in his. introduction to the book was dynamic in the execution of un­ when posturing nations are allowed to use "The Nuremberg Chronicle is obviously not selfish service to our Nation's veterans. the games to score political points. The an­ an original creation of a great historian. I extend my sympathy to his family and cient Greeks saw the Olympics as the symbol Rather, it is a historic compilation under­ all his many friends. of a unifying civilization that embraced all taken by a great humanist who was in love I personally depended on Gene's ex­ the participants. The modern world unfor­ with his sources." pertise and judgment with regard to the tunately cannot meet that standard. Such an observation is evident in the dili­ gently translated work which is annotated to needs and welfare of the veteran. His clarify the text. It is evident that Sarmatia's advice was timely, sound, and of invalu­ chroniclers were as charmed by the riches able assistance to me. When I needed BOOK ON HISTORY OF POLAND of such cities as Krakow as they were by its help with the recent hearings I held on culture, for there are frequent references to the VA hospitals in North Carolina, Gene its opulence. was at my right hand. His efficient or­ HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO Sarmatia itself was described as a "most ganization, comprehensive knowledge of OF CALIFORNIA plentiful land, producing all kinds of fruit and everything which pertains to the nour­ the Veterans' Administration hospital IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ishment of the human body." The medieval system, and his dynamic energy, resulted Tuesday, July 27, 1976 city of Krakow is portrayed through a de­ in a most productive :field hearing which tailed woodcut, the oldest in existence, and has resulted in improved medical treat­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I it is said that its citizens were most illustri­ ment for the veterans of North Carolina. would like to bring to the attention of ous "notable for virtue, prudence and cour­ Gene was one of those likeable persons my colleagues a book on the history of tesy, offering gentleness and hospitality to who formed close bonds with his fellow the Polish people written by one of my every traveler freely and intimately." workers and he will be sorely missed by constituents. Mr. Bogdan Deresiewicz, Krakovian food was described as more sumptuous than that of other regions of Sar­ them. He will certainly be missed by the librarian emeritus at the University of .matia, and the Chronicle lauds "a drink many veterans for whom he has worked California at Santa Barbara, has trans­ made of water boiled with barley and hop" so hard. As for me, I have not only lost lated the famous "Nuremberg Chronicle" which was in great demand. "If taken accord­ a good and valuable adviser, I have lost in his book entitled "Sarmatia-The ing to need and what one is able to bear,'' the a good and valuable friend. Early Polish Kingdom." This work is one book explains, "there is nothing more ap­ which will instill great pride in all people propriate for the nourishing of the human of Polish descent and great respect in body." A Deresiewicz footnote identifies the non-Polish Americans. I am proud to drink as beer. DON HALDEMAN-AN OLYMPIC Boleslaw II the Chronicle describes as a GOLD MEDAL WINNER FROl\1 offer an analysis of Mr. Deresiewicz's cruel despot gull ty of abominable and ugly work from the Santa Barbara News­ behavior who tormented outstanding citi­ SOUDERTON, PA. Press, and I highly recommend the work zens with •·execrable and horrible punish­ to all interested in European or Polish ments." The description is fortified when it recounts the King's "slaughter" of the saint­ HON. RICHARD T. SCHULZE history. OF PENNSYLVANIA The article follows: ly bishop St. Stanislaw, although the method UCSB SCHOLAR'S NEW BOOK TRACES HISTORY . is disputed by later Polish historians. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF POLAND Deresiewicz' work also embraces the por­ Tuesday, July 27, 1976 tions of the Chronicle devoted to Lubeck, (By Betsy Watson) now West Germany and Silesia., a part of Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, I want to Romanticism, wit, folklore and classical east central Europe divided between Czecho­ join with the many friends and neigh­ clashes between the forces of good and evil­ slovakia. and Poland, with its "capital,'' the bors of Don Haldeman of Souderton, Pa., the stuff that spell-binding novels are made city of Nysa. Silesia's "refined civilization" of-are the essence of a scholarly work by began to develop after the people had ac­ in congratulating him on winning a Gold Bogdan Deresiewicz, UCSB librarian emeritus cepted the Christian faith, the Chronicle Medal. Don is a 29-year-old tool and die and bon vivant of classical philology. says, though the nobility is said to "aspire to maker from Souderton, Pa., who scored His book "Sarmatia-The Early Polish arms and are in love with Mars." 190 points out of a possible 200 points Kingdom" recounts the principal events A word should be added about Deresiewicz' to take the Gold Medal in the Olympic which shaped the first 500 years of Poland's translation of the Chronicle dealing with trap shooting event in Montreal. The existence as an independent kingdom, com­ Poland in keeping with the exemplary print­ Gold Medalist is an Army Reserve Ser­ plete with kings and princes, saints and cities ing of the original "Nuremberg Chronicle" geant, was a runner-up in the 1975 Pan brimming with abundance. Moreover, it is a by the famous printer of the original, An­ translation from: the original Latin of the ton Koberger, "Sarmatia-The Early Polish American Games at Mexico City, and "Nuremberg Chronicle," the most lavishly Kingdom" was exquisitely printed in limited was a contender at the 1972 Games in illustrated book of the 15th century and edition by the distinguished Plantin Press Munich. second only to the Gutenberg Bible as the of Los Angeles. It contains five reproductions His father, C. Stanley Haldeman of 511 most famous of all incunables. The Chron­ of old woodcuts and is bound in cloth. East Broad Street, Souderton, Pa., was icle's account is the first recorded history of In a preface to the book, the well known not surprised that his son won the Gold Sarmatia, Kingdom of Poland. scholar, the late Aleksander Janta, wishes a Medal. "He said he was sure he would Deresiewicz, a native Pole and leading au­ happy journey to a "beautiful book, des­ do better than 1972 and could hold his thority on the "Nuremberg Chronicle," tined to give joy and become the pride of authenticated the Chronicle's text and the collectors, readers, friends." own with anyone," said the senior Halde­ accuracy of its many illustrations through man. two sojourns to Poland's major cities and Don Haldeman has engaged in inter­ libraries under the auspices of the Kos­ national competition with the American ciuszko Foundation. TRIBUTE TO PffiLIP E. HOWARD Army and had compared favorably with The author of the Chronicle was Dr. Hart­ European trap shooters, according to his mann Schedel, the physician of Nuremberg father. Don is the :first American to win at the time that city was a leadi!lg nnfiuence HON. W. G. (BILL) HEFNER · in European life. Begun in the latter part of an Olympic Gold Medal in trap shooting the 15th century, the Chronicle was intended OF NORTH CAROLINA since 1924. by its author to be a compilation of all the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES His father said: world's history from the book of Genesis Tuesday, July 27, 1976 He fired his first shot when he was 9 years through the date of publication which ex­ old. It was just a shoot at a locaJ.service club. tended Into the reign of Max1.m111an I. Mr; HEFNER. Mr. Speaker, the vet­ I let the man in charge show him how to -Schedel, a Renaissance scholar and great erans of North Carolina and I have suf­ hold the gun and fl.re it. Even so, he really humanist, probably took his accounts of fered a tremendous personal loss upon didn't do much shooting until he got out of Sarmatlan life from many mouths, including the accidental death of our distinguished high school. Then he went into the Army, that of the Latin poet of German origin, and good {riend, Gene Howard. tried out for the Olympic team, and made it. Konrad Celtes, since a journey from Nurem- Words cannot express how much In recognition of Don's victory, Soud- 24118 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 erton's Mayor, Charles Allebach, has pro­ the Russian Believers who recently have (2) The government of the United King­ made the supreme sacrifice for their Chris­ dom presently owes to the United States $14.1 claimed Sunday, August 8, 1976, as "Don tian faith. The violent persecution of Chris­ blllion in unpaid debts. Conservative esti­ Haldeman Day." Don will be honored at tians goes on and on, year after year, month mates place the cost of waging war in North­ ceremonies in the Borough Park at 3 after month. Young and old alike pay dearly, ern Ireland at $1 million per day. Until Eng­ p.m. by his friends and neighbors and by often with their very lives, in their willing­ land pays her debts the burden must be borne local, State, and Federal officials. ness to follow Christ at any Gost. as a part of our own national debt, that is, All of us are proud of Don and look But where are the cries of an outraged paid by the U.S. taxpayer in the form of forward to welcoming him back to Penn­ church, raised in righteous indignation on either increased taxation or inflation. In sylvania. their behalf? Where are the voices of their other words, all Americans (including Irish­ fellow-Believers in the Free World, crying out Americans) are indirectly subsidizing the in loving compassion and concern for the British war effort. suffering body of Christ? SUFFERING IN THE SOVIET UNION (3) At the request of the British govern­ Where are the indignant cries of an in­ ment, agencies of the United States govern­ furiated Christian world community, the ment are aiding the British war effort by: shocked protests against these monstrous domestic intelligence activities aimed at pos­ HON. BILL ARCHER crimes? Where are those who care, who will OF TEXAS sible sources of support for the cause of no longer tolerate the flagrant violations of Irish Freedom in America; training Royal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the rights of our Christian brethren in Soviet Marine Commandos at Camp Lejeune, N.C. Russia, persecuted for their faith? in preparation for their return to duty in Tuesday, July 27, 1976 We thank the Lord that there are those, like you, who do care, who are concerned Northern Ireland; permitting the sale and Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, a con­ export of war materials to be used by British stituent af mine, Mrs. Dorothy Cope­ enough to do something on behalf of the Persecuted Church behind the Iron Curtain. forces waging war in Ireland, e.g., the in­ land recently sent me a copy of an ar­ famous "rubber bullets"; harassing and im­ ticle' which appeared in the magazine prisoning Americans suspected of aiding the Underground Evangelism, April 1976. cause of Irish Freedom, specifically but not exclusively five New Yorkers transported to The article, entitled "In Memory of a REFLECTIONS ON THE IRISH Young Christian Girl," discusses Ste­ Forth Worth, Texas and incarcerated without QUESTION charge or trial in the Federal Correctional In­ fania Kreminska, who suffered at the stitution (prison) at Seagovllle, Texas (two hands of the Communist officials in the thousand miles from their famllies) for re­ Soviet Union for her religious faith. As HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH fusing to incriminate themselves before a we remembered those individuals en­ OF NEW YORK Federal Grand Jury (which the government during hardships under Communist dic­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES later admitted in Congressional hearings tatorships during Captive Nations could have resulted in their extradit ion to Week-July 18-24-the story of Stefania Tuesday, July 27, 1976 England on suspicion of conspiracy charges) Kreminska is one outstanding example Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, the heritage which is acting more the part of the Grand of the power of faith in the face of of the Irish has played an enormously Inquisitors of sixteenth century Spanish in­ ty,ranny. I would like to enter the article important role in the history of the famy (the cases of Daniel Cahalane of Phila­ delphia and Robert Meisel of San Francisco in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: United SOO.tes. are also in this category); denial of entry IN MEMORY OF A YOUNG CHRISTIAN GIRL Those who "wear the green" have been visas into the United States for Irish Repub­ In loving remembrance of Stefania Krem­ instrumental in building railroads and lican leaders while permitting Unionist ex­ inska, ·17-year-old Russian Believer who died canals, winning World War I and World tremists to tour freely. This is hardly the on May 7, 1975. War II, in building a nation, and win­ "neutrality" which the State Department al- She loved the Lord, and, in her youthful ning justice. .leges to be official U.S. policy on the Irish joy and enthusiasm, witnessed for Him, Those of Irish descent have been at question. standing true even in the face of bitter per­ the forefront in nearly all fields of en­ (4) During the recent conflict in South­ secution. This was her "crime," for which she east Asia England profited through se111ng was repeatedly arrested, dying mysteriously deavor: John Barrymore in drama., John L. Sullivan in sports, James Joyce in war material to the Communist regime in of unknown causes following her final arrest North Viet Nam. Only the Soviet Union had and release. · Iitera ture. more ships calling in at Haiphong. A direct Beloved of her parents and seven brothers Today, the island of Ireland is twisted result of this war profiteering was a pro­ and sisters, Stefania is now with her Lord and by turmoil. A tragic war has raged on at longation of the war, of the suffering on all Saviour, another young Russian who suffered the northern end of the Emerald Isle for sides, and an increase in battlefield deaths. for His name's sake. · many long years. The battle in Northern That is to say, English trade with Red North We, her brothers and sister's in the Lord, Ireland ranks as one of the cruelest con­ Viet Nam not only strengthened our Com­ around the world, hold her in loving memory. flicts the 20th century or any other era munist adversaries, it also cost in American We take new courage from her noble example lives and American blood. I.,; this the conduct and steadfast faithfulness to the Lord Jesus has ever experienced. The president of the New York State we should expect from an ally? Do they ex­ Christ, even unto death. pect us to reciprocate in kind? " . ... the righteous shall be in everlast­ Board of the Ancient Order of Hibernians (5) Since the time of Thomas Jefferson at;i.d ing remembrance." ... PSALM 112:6 in America, an organization dedicated George Washington the United States has THE FACTS to upholding the Irish tradition in the enjoyed a reputation as a defender of liberty. Stefania Kreminska, a beautiful 17-year United States, is Thomas D. McNabb of By supporting England's attempts to keep old Russian Christian, was repeatedly ar­ Auburn, N.Y., in the 33d Congressional part of Ireland within the British Empire rested by the Soviet police for her Christian District. He has forwarded an article to that reputation becomes tarnished, partic­ witness. Each time, though severely mis­ me entitled, "Why the Irish Question ularly in the eyes of the newly emerging na­ treated, she refused to deny her faith, and, Should Be of Copcern to the United tions of the "third world." It is especially apparently, was regarded by the police as States." I pass this essay on to you as a inconsistent after the expenditure of so much "incurable." blood and treasure for the ostensible purpose After her final arrest, she was subsequently collection of ideas that must be oon­ sidered in dealing with the conflict in of securing the right of national self-deter­ released to her home, where, only a few days mination for the peoples of Indo-China. later, she became unconscious and died of an Northern Ireland. (6) We must realize that the current con­ unknown cause under very m ysterious cir­ WHY THE !RISH QUESTION SHOULD BE OF flict in Ireland is ultimately a legitimate ex­ cumstances. CONCERN TO THE UNITED STATES tension of the continuing Irish was for One who talked with the father personally, (1) In order to prosecute her war in North­ independence, and that the only real, just, reports that the parents strongly feel their ern Ireland, England has found it necessary and lasting solution to the Irish Question is heretofore healthy daughter, died as a ,re­ to withdraw troops and equipment from her a new, free and independent, federal united sult of mistreatment at the hands of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Ireland. We must recognize and insist upon Soviet police. commitment, most notably the British Rhine the right of the Irish people to national self­ Despite police refusal to permit a Chris­ Army opposing the Russian Red Army in determination. tian funeral', Stefania's family and friends Germany. This action places an added mili­ gave her a Christian burial, which was an im­ (7) The cause of peace and Irish freedom tary and financial burden upon the United is a just cause and is recognized as such by pressive witness to the whole area. States and weakens NATO vis a vis the Com­ a growing number of Americans including a WHERE WILL I T S T OP? munist threat, just so that England may great number of Irish and Irish-Americans Moiseyev . . . Biblenko . . . perhaps even be able to maintain a police state in her okl­ whose sacrifices help build and defend the Stefania Kreminska. These are but a few of est overseas colony. United States. 24119 July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS mains, however, that not enough is being EXPLANATION ON MISSED VOTES only a small portion of the of the 27.7 million eligible households. done. The annual construction rate on Present policies have promoted pri­ homes is now about 1.4 million against HON. PIE.RRE S. (PETE) du PONT marily new housing, partly to stimulate a need of 2.4 million new units a year for OF DELAWARE the housing industry. However, because the rest of the decade. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new housing costs more than the im­ provement of existing housing, fewer Tuesday, July 27, 1976 households are assisted with the avail­ A MEMORIAL TO THE SLAIN ISRAELI Mr. nu PONT. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ able subsidy. day, July 26, I had to return to Dela­ Increasingly, the Congress is concerned ATHLETES ware early and missed three recorded with the high cost of houses, which prices votes in the House. Had I been present, them out of the reach of more and more HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN I would have voted in the following man­ families. The median price of a new home OF CALIFORNIA ner: is $44,100, up about 12Y2 percent in the "IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rollcall No. 545, "aye". last year. Under the usual financing rules, Rollcall No. 546, "aye". a prospective homeowner would have to Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Rollcall No. 547, "aye". have an annual income of about $25,000 Mr. WAXMAN.' Mr. Speaker, I would to qualify to purchase such a home. A like to share with my colleagues an ar­ family with the median income of about ticle that appeared in the July 20 Wash­ $13,000 could not afford to purchase a ington Post. The Olympic games at one HOUSING POLICY median priced new home. Rising home timea may have symbolized healthy ath­ costs, high interest rates and soaring letic competition between nationals from utility bills have combined to price many around the world, as a substitute one HON. LEE H. HAMILTON middle income families out of the single would hope for the political rivalries OF INDIANA fa111ilY housing market. Families with in­ that have brought nations to war. Un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES comes of $15,000 or less are increasingly fortunately, the 1972 Olympics became Tuesday, July 27, 1976 dependent on rental markets, and only a forum for violence and the 1976 games middle income and upper income families have become one for international dis­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, the are able to afford homeownership. pute. Congress is one step away from approv­ Another problem in the housing indus­ I believe that the International Olym­ ing new housing legislation. The House try which concerns the Congress is the pic Committee, when it denied a request has approved a conference report on the aggravation caused the industry because for a moment of silence for the Israeli 1977 housing authorization bill, and the the ft.ow of funds into housebuilding de­ athletes slain at Munich in 1972, helped Senate is expected to do so right after pends on the economic cycle. High in­ politicize the Olympics and treated the the July congressional recess. The Presi­ terest rates tend to drive funds away widows who requested such a memorial dent has indicated his unhappiness with from the housing market. The financial tribute with unjustified callousness. the bill, especially a provision renewing institutions, then, have trouble attract­ By denying the request on the grounds the public housing program, but he has ing and keeping funds, especially in a that the memorial would be political, the not firmly promised a veto. rising economy. IOC compromised its ideals, and in fact Few matters of public policy have In an effort to ameliorate these prob­ demonstrated its own hypocrisy. By re­ proven more difficult for the Congress lems, two principal kinds of Federal pro­ fusing this gesture of respect to the mur-· than housing. Nobody seeems to know grams are used: housing assistance pro­ dered Israeli athletes of the Munich what to do about low-income housing and grams, and mortgage credit and insur­ Olympiad, they have, contrary to their even the experts are raising questions ance programs. The housing assistance protestations, made a statement which about future directions for housing pol­ programs are aimed at lower income stands as an obscenity in giving recog­ icy: How much, overall, can the United households. Presently the largest pro­ nition to senseless violence as a legiti­ States afford to subsidize housing? Is it gram is the subsidy to local public hous­ mate form of political expression. better to construct housing for low-in­ ing authorities to cover debt service and I hope that by sharing this article, my come families or give them cash to rent operating costs. Potentially, the largest colleagues will take note of a further or buy housing? Does the small mort­ of these programs, however, is the section strain on the record of the Olympics as a gage interest rate subsidy for middle-in­ 8 program which subsidizes rents in new and existing housing. The subsidy is vehicle for peaceful competition in the come home buyers really increase the world of athletic achievement: production of housing? Which elements equal to the difference between the rent of the population should be the benefici­ and 25 percent of the tenant's adjusted [From the Washington Post, July 20, 1976] aries of the housing subsidy? income. ANGRY OLYMPIC Wmow REMEMBERS MUNICH Present housing policies are directed at The mortgage credit and insurance (By Sally Quinn) several goals: better housing for low-in­ programs are designed to facilitate home­ MONTREAL, July 19.-Around her neck she come families, reducing the cost of home ownership by improving the mortgage wears a white porcelain heart bearing a. ownership for families of all income lev- market. Under these programs mortgage prayer in Hebrew. The corner of the heart lenders write mortgages at below market has been nicked by a bullet. . els, and increasing activity and employ­ Her husband, Andrei Spitzer, was wearing ment in the construction industry. To interest rates and then sell them to the the heart when he was killed by Palestinian achieve these goals the Federal Govem- Government National Mortgage Associa­ terrorists four years a.go in Munich. ' ment spends a lot of money. This year tion at par values. The Federal Govern­ She fingers the heart as she talks, alter­ the Nation will spend about $2.6 billion ment also issues mortgage insurance and nately touching it and ta.king agitated puffs for housing assistance to lower-income guarantees. Another approach is the in­ of her cigarette. • families, about $1.4 billion for credit and terest rate subsidy program, under which Ankle Spitzer is angry. Angry at the In­ insurance programs, and about $10.4 bil­ the Government pays the difference be­ ternational Olmypic Committee, angry at tween the market mortgage interest rate the city of Montreal. She wanted one min­ lion in tax expenditures--that is, loss of ute of silence at the opening ceremonies for tax revenues--in the form of income tax and a rate that varies according to the those 11 Israelis who died in Munich. The deductions for mortgage interest and net income of the occupant. committee refused. She ls here to protest. property taxes on owner occupied homes. There are other established Federal "I saved my money for two yea.rs to come The Congress is concerned about sever­ programs, including rural housing loans here,'' she said. "At first I thought they were al aspects of housing policy. Under pres­ and housing for the elderly. In addition, going to have a moment of silence. Then the ent policy, upper and middle income cash allowances are now being tested in Jewish-Canadian community decided to families benefit substantially from Fed­ a few regions. This experimental program have a memorial service. So I came for that. eral incentives. Some low-income fami­ allows a participant to receive a monthly I ca.me for that to represent my husband. lies also receive substantial benefits from housing allowance to help pay rental And to protest." She says the head of COJO, the local housing assistance p~ograms. but the costs. Olympic committee, told her it wouldn't hold gr_m~p as a whole fares less well. The 2.3 Through these approaches the Con- a moment of silence because it didn't want m1ll1on lower-income households helped gress wrestles with some of the problems to become involved in politics. This angered by Federa~ housing programs represents of the housing industry. The fact re- her more. "I told him that by not doing 24120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 it he was doing just that, making it political. couldn't just say 'goodbye Israel' and go sit I believe this would have reminded the in my back yard in Holland." TWO-YEAR SUMMARY SHOWS world what happened and that it ls the op­ One of the worst problems Spitzer has is FLUCTUATIONS IN THE lOTH DIS­ posite of what the Olympics stand for." She what she calls "the pressure of Israeli society TRICT OF ILLINOIS shrugged and sighed. "My friends tell me I'm to make widows remarry." naive." She has no intention of doing anything of Ankle Spitzer is one of three Israeli women the kind. HON. ABNER J. MIKVA· who have come here to represent the wives "Mine," she said, lowering her eyes, "was OF ILLINOIS and parents of those kllled in Munich. not just another relationship. If I hadn't "When I speak, I speak for all of them," been so strongly involved with my husband I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES she said. "This is not a move against Arabs. wouldn't be doing this. At this moment I'm Tuesday, July 27, 1976 One of the widows was even borp in Egypt. definitely not open for anything else. . . . Of It is a move against terrorism." course I can't preclude anything but now I Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, food prices She is short with dark hair cut in an am living from day to day, trying to make life in major 10th District grocery stores attractive bob; she wears dark aviator as pleasant as I can for my little girl, trying have increased 13 percent over the past glasses, a black shirt and a black and white to live positively. I'm not sitting in the 2 years, but only 3 percent from 1975 to scarf around her neck. "It's Diane von Fur­ kitchen crying my heart out, but the memory 1976, according to the latest fOOd survey stenberg," and she smiles for the first time. is there. Even if I became involved with some­ conducted by my staff. She is 30 but she seems much older. There one else the memory will never be erased. is hardly any spark of youth or joy left in And I have living proof of my husband: My Food prices have fluctuated drastically the face, the gestures. She has been crusad­ daughter." during the 2 years that the survey has ing for four years. She says she finds the role of widow dHli­ been taken. For example, average meat Spitzer was born in Holland. She was a cult in Israel. prices in the 10th District increased more fencing student when she met her hu~band, "I still don't know how to behave. I'm just than 30 percent from June 1974 to June coach of the Israeli fencing team. He was in trying to get myself emotionally straightened 1975 and then decreased almost 9 per­ Holland teaching. They fell in love, .de­ out. In Israel they feel the whole nation cent from June 1975 to June 1976. cided to return to Israel, marry and raise a grieves with you but they also feel that life family. has to go on. The pressure on me is enormous. On June 29, 1974, the average price for Together they had planned to upgrade the They feel you should get remarried, they· feel eight meat items in the 26 10th District sport of fencing in Israel. She converted to life has to go on. If everyone sits down and grocery stores surveyed was $9.10. The Judaism. They had a baby girl, Anouk, three thinks a.bout their own problems then society same eight items cost $12.03 on June 21, weeks before he was killed. She was the only wouldn't move on one inch. Israeli society 1975, and $10.99 on June 19, 1976. wife to come to Munich because she wanted pressures widows for new relationships, new to visit her parents. But the baby became children to be born. For the whole nation I The eight items that were surveyed at sick and they took her to a hospital in Hol­ find this very healthy but I personally find monthly intervals in the last 2 years in­ land. He returned to Munich, checked out this very difficult." cluded sirloin steak, boneless rolled rump of their hotel room and moved into Olympic "We have so many widows," murmurred roast, pork chops, all beef hot dogs, whole Village for the last night of his life. La.lkin, "so many." fryer chickens, round steak, ground beef, Shortly after Andrei Spitzer was killed ter­ "They think I'm very strange," she said. and bacon. rorists threatened to k111 the baby. So Spit­ "Yes," he replied, "We were talking, Ankle and I. I told her I feel that she should re­ The price of a 27-item market basket zer, her parents and her baby were removed of food and household supplies rose an to Israeli and put under heavy guard. marry. Not forget about it. But think about Since then she has been living on a pen­ the future. If she remarried she would be average of 10 percent from 1974 to 1975 sion, writing children's books and running more happy. But she has something very spe­ and then rose 3 percent from 1975 to cial with Andrei. She has told me the whole 1976. a two-week fencing camp in the summer in story. It's not just that her background ls · memory of her husband. different. Maybe one day she will marry." The fluctuations, such as the decline There are those among the Israelis who feel "Maybe one day," she said, as if not want­ in meat prices and the smaller percent that Ankle Spitzer is obsessed with the mem­ ing to disappoint him. rise in general market prices is caused by ory of her husband, that she should look "I'll be at the weddin·g," he smiled, and a variety of factors including price wars forward rather than backward, and that she hugged her. He looked so sweet, trying to between Chicago area food chains, varia­ perhaps has gone about publicizing the cheer her up, trying to understand. slain men in the wrong way. That she ls tions in wholesale prices, consumer re­ too aggressive, too hostile, too intense. sistance, weather, and availability of Most of the Israelis agree with her posi­ livestock. tion. The head of their Olympic delegation, HEINZ MA THIS SELECTED SHERA­ The surveys were conducted in Des Shmuel Lalkin, joined her for the interview. TON'S GENERAL MANAGER OF Plaines, Evanston, Glenview, Lincoln­ He is 51 now. He, too, looked much older. He THE YEAR wood, Morton Grove, Niles, Northbrook, has been through four wars, spent two years in prison in Jerusalem, has been in the Park Ridge, Skokie, Wilmette, and underground and is a lieutenant colonel in HON. BUD SHUSTER Winnetka. The stores surveyed were Kohl's, National, and Treasure Island the Israeli Army. He also ' has been through OF PENNSYLVANIA Munich-in the room next to those who were members of A & P, Dominick's, Jewel, captured and killed. He prefers not to dwell IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ch~ins. on it, not to talk about it. · Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Some findings of the mrvey included: "We don't have any difference in the idea, the subject," he said. "We just have differ­ Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, the Sher­ Over the 2-year-long survey, the Kohl ences in the technique. We all wore black aton Inn of Altoona is one of central and Dominick chains emerged as having · things on our lapels in the opening cere­ Pennsylvania's most successful new busi­ consistently lower prices. monies. We had a memorial service. I was in ness enterprises. It is truly one of the Sirloin steak registered both the the opinion we don't need a press conference. finest inns of its kind that I have seen largest increase and the largest decrease­ I tell you the truth, I don't think it's good and offers fine accommodations and ex­ in price in the last 2 years. It increased when you go running around, talkling with quisite dining facilities. each newspaper'hlan." 30.1 percent in price from June 1974 to The outstanding reputation which the June 1975; and then decreased 22.1 per­ They disagreed on the press conference. Sheraton Altoona has acquired is far Lalkin felt that the other two women are cent from June 1975 to June 1976. not strong enough, that it might be emo­ from an accident. It is the result of a The greatest price increase for a non­ tionally devastating for them to have to re­ highly skilled staff, working conscien­ meat item was for a dozen grade A eggs, live the details of Munich. tiously to provide the best food and lodg­ ing humanly possible. which increased from 61 to 78 cents or "I came prepared for that," Spitzer said 27.9 percent from June 1975toJune1976. stoically. Just: recently, the Sheraton Altoona "Yes, Ankle," Lalkin replied softly, "but received an additional honor by having My staff has been surveying prices at the others aren't." its general manager, Heinz Mathis, se­ 26 major supermarkets in the 10th dis­ "I feel very strongly about my husband," lected as the Sheraton International's trict since June 1974. The only change in Spitzer said. "My daughter is Israeli and my General Manager of the Year of 1975. I the surveyed stores has been the sub­ identification with Israel naturally became want to take this brief moment to con­ stitution of the National at 290 Golf Mill very strong. Living in Israel is not easy with gratulate Heinz on his accomplishments Shopping Center, Niles, for the National the financial situation and the security prob­ and wish him and the whole staff of the at 279 Lawrencewood, Niles, which closed lems. It would be much easier for me to live Sheraton Altoona continued success in in May 1976. in Holland. But after what happened I the years ahead. The June 1976 survey was. conducted July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24121 by 11 of my high school interns: Mary Evanston; Claire Weiler of Glencoe; Rick and Larry Shulruff of Wilmette; and Anderson of Des Plaines; Esther Levin, Berman of Northbrook; Dina Ciccia and Lynn Fitz-Hugh of Winnetka. Joe Moore, and Jim Greenberger of Bob Wagner of Park Ridge; Chuck Qohn The survey results follow:

FOOD SURVEY RESULTS

Percent Percent Percent Percent June 29, June 21, yearly June 19, yearly June 29, June 21, yearly June 19, yearly 1974 1975 change 1976 change 1974 1975 change 1976 change

MEAT CASE MARKET BASKET Evanston: . , Evanston; . , Dom1mck s------$9. 08 $11. 45 26. 1 $10. 44 -8. 8 Dom1n1ck s ______$17. 87 $19. 49 9. 1 $20. 01 2. 7 JeweL______9.24 12.37 33.8 11.28 -8.8 JeweL ______------17. 95 19. 48 8. 5 20.14 3.4 Park Ridge: Park J:,i~'~{ck's______8. 86 11.34 30. 0 10. 61 -6. 4 Dom1nick's ______----~- 17. 81 19. 44 9.1 19. 81 1. 9 JeweL______9. 16 12. 43 35. 7 10. 98 -11. 7 Jewel _____ ------18.00 19. 48 8. 2 20.24 3.9 Wilmette: Wilmette: JeweL______9.24 12.37 33.9 11.08 -10.4 JeweL______17. 97 19. 50 8. 5 20.34 4.3 National (Skokie)______9. 05 12. 48 37. 9 10. 87 -12. 9 National (Skokie)______17. 82 20. 44 14. 7 20.46 0.1 National (Central)______9. 34 12. 38 32. 5 11. 57 -6. 5 TreasureNational (Central)_-----l.sland ______17. 73 _ 20. 59 16. 1 21. 21 3.0 Treasure Island______11. 38 ------11. 28 -. 9 19. 70 ------20.35 3.3 Lincolnwood: Lincolnwood: Kohl's______8.94 10.33 15.5 10.39 .6 Kohl's_------17. 77 19. 27 8.4 19. 48 1.9 National______9. 14 12. 33 34. 9 10. 87 -11. 8 NationaL ______.: 18.14 20. 38 12. 3 20.40 .1 Winnetka: Winnetka: A. & p______A. & P------9.24 12.45 34. 7 11.40 -8.4 17. 76 19.81 11.5 20.15 1.7 JeweL______9. 24 12. 37 33. 9 11. 54 -6. 7 JeweL~------­ 17. 95 19. 47 8. 5 21.08 8.3 Northbrook: Northbrook: JeweL______8.97 12.47 27.0 11.62 -6.8 JeweL ______------17.82 19. 58 9. 9 20. 07 2.5 NationaL______9. 18 12. 35 34. 5 10. 88 -11. 9 NationaL ______18.17 20.13 10. 8 20.48 1.7 Des Plain.~: , Des ~~~i~~~k's______8.80 11.44 29.5 9.91 -13.0 Dom1n1ck s ______17.81 19. 30 8. 4 20.03 3. 8 JeweL______9.16 12.45 35.9 10.76 -13.6 JeweL ______------17. 68 National______19. 68 11. 3 20.23 2.8 NationaL______8. 90 12. 37 39. 0 10. 74 -13. 1 17. 41 20. 25 16. 3 20.24 0 Niles: Niles: Jewei______9. 12 12. 37 35. 6 11. 82 -4. 4 JeweL ______------__ 18. 01 19. 54 8. 5 20.84 6. 7 National.______9. 09 12. 24 34. 6 10. 89 -10. 9 NationaL ______17. 73 19. 80 11. 7 20.52 3.6 Morton Grove: Morton G~oye :, Dominick's______9. 06 11. 45 26. 4 10. 36 -9. 5 Dom1n1ck s ______17. 77 19. 40 9. 2 19. 61 1.1 Jewel______9. 24 12. 47 35. 0 11. 50 -7. 7 JeweL __ ------­ 17. 91 19. 58 9. 3 20. 55 4.9 Glenview: Glenview; . , Dominick's______9. 10 10. 95 20. 3 10. 54 -3. 7 Dom1n1ck s ______17. 81 18. 98 6. 6 19. 69 3. 7 National.______8. 90 12. 43 39. 7 11. 58 -6. 8 National______17. 71 20. 25 14. 3 20. 87 3.1 Skokie: Skokie: . . , Dominick's______9. 10 11. 14 22. 4 10. 45 -6. 2 Dom1mck s ______17.69 19. 00 7. 4 19. 83 4.4 Jewel______9.24 12.37 33.9 11.44 -7.5 Jewel_------18. 01 19. 48 8. 2 20.32 4.3 NationaL______9. 04 12. 66 40. 0 10. 87 -14. 2 NationaL ______18. 05 20. 23 12.1 20.42 .9

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ District average______9.10 12. 03 32. 2 10. 99 -8. 6 District average______17. 86 19. 70 .10. 3 20.31 3.1 Chain average: Cha in average: Dominick's (6)______9. 00 11. 29 25. 4 }~: i~ -=i~: l Dominick's (6) ______·-- 17. 53 19. 27 . 9. 9 19.83 2.9 National (8)______17. 84 20. 26 13. 6 20. 57 1. 5 ~atior"~)(8)-:------~-~~ lM~ 3~·~ 11.33 -9.5 Jewel (9)______17. 92 19. 50 8. 8 20. 49 5.1 P.

AVERAGE PRICES FOR lOTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT-INDIVIDUAL ITEMS SURVEYED

Percent Percent Percent Percent June 21, hearly June 19, yearly June 29, June 21, yearly June 19, hearly Junlif4 1975 c ange 1976 change 1974 1975 change 1976 c ange

Sirloin steak ______$1. 53 $1.99 30.1 $1. 55 -22. l Crackers __ ------____ $.60 $. 59 -1.7 $.64 8. 5 Rump roast..------1.44 1. 77 22. 9 1.48 -16.4 CereaL ___ ------. 76 .69 -9.2 . 73 5. 8 Pork chops ______1. 42 1. 87 31.7 1. 91 2.1 Frozen vegetables ______.42 . 47 11. 9 . 51 8.5 Hot dogs ______.99 1. 23 24.2 1. 29 4. 9 TV dinner------1. 48 1. 33 -10. l 1. 28 -3.7 Chicken. ______.47 . 67 42.6 .63 -6.0 Orange juice (frozen) ______. 62 . 61 -1.6 .66 8.2 Round steak ______1. 38 1. 71 23. 9 1. 38 -19.3 Canned peaches ______. 50 . 59 18. 0 . 61 3.4 Ground beet______Vegetable shortening ______.90 1.05 16. 7 .98 -6.7 Catsup ______. 70 . 71 1. 4 .60 -15.5 Bacon ______------.98 1. 74 77. 6 1. 77 1.7 . 49 .56 14. 3 .62 10. 7 Bananas ______------.19 . 26 36.8 .27 3.8 Peanut butter ______. 61 .63 3. 3 . 69 9. 5 String beans ______-7.8 Gelatin ______.54 .64 18. 5 . 59 Soup ______.16 .24 50. 0 . 21 -12. 5 lettuce ______. 57 . 47 -17.5 . 57 21.3 .22 . 21 -4.5 . 21 0 Eggs ______. 62 . 61 -1.6 . 78 27. 9 Dog food ______.33 . 32 3. 0 .32 0 Milk ______------. 74 . 70 -5.4 . 79 12. 8 Paper towels ______.59 . 63 6.8 .69 9.5 Cheese .. ______1. 02 . 99 -2.9 1.10 11.1 Detergent_. ___ ------1.09 1. 26 15. 6 1. 36 7. 9 Cottage cheese ______. 59 . 68 15. 3 . 78 14. 7 Aluminum foil. ______. 77 .82 6. 5 . 95 15. 8 Bread ______. 54 . 50 -7.4 . 57 14. 0

NEED FOR CONGRESSIONAL ACTION the sunlight of this accomplishment. IssUES, NoT LAws Much still remains to be done in this With the next election barely three months Congress and the time is growing short. away, Congress returned to work last week HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL As the following editorial from the New for what is likely to be little more' than a OF NEW YORK York Times makes clear, the Congress mopping-up session. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The morale of the Democratic majority has been unable to unite on some of the rose sharply, however, when it was able by Tuesday, July 27, 1976 most important pieces of legislation large margins to override President Ford's which it has considered. As a result, our veto of the public works jobs bill. This was Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, our re­ efforts at tax and welfare reform, gun the ninth time Congress has overridden Mr. cent override of the public works em­ control, and health insurance have re­ Ford. Although this 94th has not been a ployment bill was a welcome sign that mained unconsummated. The blame "veto-proof" Congress, it has been the most this Congress will not be forced into a cannot only be laid at the feet of the successful in recent memory in overriding political stalemate as a result of Presi­ President. It is time for the Congress to vetoes. dent Ford's tendency to veto important_ act swiftly and vigorously to enact these The two main objectives of the public social legislation. works bill, on which we have pr~viously com­ much needed reforms. mented are to create. 200,000 Jobs, mostly in We cannot, however, afford to bask in The editorial follows: the long-depressed private construction in- 24122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 dustry, and to help states and localities with the ties of love and comradeship born which would build the foundations for high unemployment to maint ain existing of the service." etfective recy°cling programs, with the levels of police, fire, sanitation and other These are the stated aims of the orga­ essential services. exclusion of licensing provisions, could As Speaker Albert observed in the House nization and I believe, Mr. Speaker, they be formed by putting together sections debate, President Ford used the same argu­ are deserving of memorializing by the 1-7, ll(a) , (f), 12, and 13 through 16. ments-inflation, excessive bureaucracy and U.S. Congress. I hope my colleagues will However, the full bill would provide a the belief that recovery would come before join me in supporting this bill granting comprehensive system for flexible con­ the program could have much etfect-that them a coveted Federal charter. trol over oil recycling, especially at the President Hoover had set forth in vetoing an State 1evel. emergency public works bill passed by. the Democratic-controlled Congress in 1932. Mr. Speaker, in an effort to assist With unemployment still hovering around 7 A MODEL USED OIL RECYCLING ACT Members, I am at this time printing the percent, Democrats clearly intend to load up text of this model bill under its title: Mr. Ford with the bad memories of the HON. CHARLES A. YANIK "A Model Used Oil Recycling Act." 1930's. • The article follows: OF OHIO On many other fronts, however, Congress H.R.- has encountered persistent frustration. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sen ate is currently demonstrating that it is A bill to encourage recycling of used oil as nearly impossible for the legislative Tuesday, July 27, 1976 SHORT TITLE branch to write its own tax reform law as it Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, last month SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as t he was in an earlier era to enact its own taritf the United States imported more crude "Used Oil Recycling Act." law. There are just too many competing and confilcting pressures from a multitude of oil from foreign countries than ever be­ TABLE OF CONTENTS special interest groups; the result is stale­ fore-over 6 million barrels of oil per day. Sec. 1. Short Title, Table of Contents. mate rather than consensus. After the House Despite all the rhetoric of the now-for­ Sec. 2. Definitions. approved an inadequate tax bill that in­ gotten "energy crisiS," we Americans Sec. 3. Findings. cluded at least some reforms, t he Senate have grown increasingly dependent upon Sec. 4. Policy. Finance Committee busied itsE!lf unraveling foreign oil as a major energy source. Sec. 5. Prohibitions. most of the gains and stitching in new Sec. 6. Public Education. However, I believe there is a solution­ Sec. 7. Collection Facilities. loopholes. conservation, which includes among Although the tax issue has yet to be re­ Sec. 8. Licenses for Used Oil Collectors. solved, it is probable that taxes will join many other purposes the recovery and Sec. 9. Licenses for Used Oil Recyclers. health insurance, welfare reform, gun con­ reuse of used lubricating oil. The only Sec. 10. Special Permits for Other Uses or trol, and strip mining on the list of intracta­ part of crude oil which can be easily re­ Disposal. ble issues. cycled is lubricating oil. Lubricating oil, Sec. 11. Administration. Election of a President with a fresh man­ used in engines of all sorts, can be reused Sec. 12. Recycled Oil Products. date in November otfers hopes of leadership a number of times. An estimated 100 mil­ Sec. 13. Enforcement and Penalties. n ecessary to reach a national decision on lion gallons of valuable used lube oil is Sec. 14. Severability. these questions. In addition to the broad Sec. 15. Repeal. economic issue that Democrats have tried so thrown out each year by car owners Sec. 16. Effective Date. hard to develop, an equally important issue alone. Business and Government waste another 400 million gallons a year. DEFINITIONS in the coming election may be whether the Sec. 2. As used in this Act: voters want to resolve• these questions or to When this oil is thrown out, it is detri­ continue a regime in which con trol is di­ mental not only to our economy but also (a) "used oil" means a petroleum-based vided between the two parties and therefore to our environment. Waste oil which is oil which through use, storage or handling veto-and-stalemate so often become the indiscriminately disposed of can pollute has become unsuitable for its original pur­ order of the day. pose due to the presence of impurities or loss water supplies. When waste oil is burned, of original properties: airborne pollution is created. (b) "recycle" means to prepare used oil Under the authority of the Energy for reuse as a petroleum product by refining, Policy and Conservation Act, the FEA is rerefining, reclaiming, reprocessing or other A FEDERAL CHA:ij,TER FOR THE presently encouraging State and local means or to use used oil in a manner that WORLD WAR I OVERSEAS FLYERS governments to include oil recycling in substitutes for a petroleum product made their State energy conservation pro­ from new oil, provided that the preparation grams. In the fall the FEA is going to or use is operationally safe, environmentally HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. sound, and complies with all laws and regu­ OF WISCONSIN off er an oil recycling kit which will assist lations; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES local and statewide community organiza­ (c) "Director" means the [chief executive tions in forming recycling projects. officer) of [the agency for environmental Tuesday, July 27, 1976 I believe oil recycling should be an ef­ protection) ; Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, on June 1'0, fort initiated primarily by State and (d) "person" means any individual, pri­ 1976, I introduced a resolution to desig­ local governments. I have recently vate or public corporation, partnership, coop­ nate the week of October 3, 1976, as learned of a new and important initia­ erative, association, estate, municipality, po­ World War I Overseas Flyers Week. In tive to improve waste oil recovery. The litical or jurisdictional subdivision, or gov­ my introductory remarks I brought to Environmental Law Institute under con­ ernment agency or instrumentality. the attention of my colleagues the dis­ ttact to the FEA has prepared "A Model FINDINGS tinguished service rendered for our Na­ Used Oil Recycling Act" for State and SEC. 3. The [legislature; council) finds that tion and the free world by the men who local governments. I believe this legisla­ [millions] of gallons of used oil are generated qualify for inclusion in the organization tion, which was prepared by William A. each year in the [State; municipality); that Irwin of ELI, represents a direct, uncom­ used oil ls a valuable petroleum resource by virtue of their service to allied air which can be recycled; and that, in spite o! commands in World War I. plicated and, yet, comprehensive answer this potential for recycling, significant quan­ Today, I ask my colleagues to consider to the chronic problem of indiscriminate tities of used oil are wastefully disposed of another tribute to these veterans who waste oil disposal. or improperly used by means which pollute pioneered the field of military aviation. I am hoping that my colleagues will · the waters, land and air and endanger the I am introducing for appropriate refer­ bring this important model bill to the public health and welfare. ence a bill to grant a Federal charter to attention of their constituents as well as POLICY the World War I Overseas Flyers. State and local government officials in SEC. 4. Used oil shall be collected and r e­ It would be a fitting tribute in the Na­ their States. This model bill is available cycled to the maximum extent possible, by by request at FEA-C, Industrial Pro­ means which are economically feasible and tion's Bicentennial if Congress were to environmentally sound, in order to conserve extend this singular honor to a group of grams/Used Oil, Washington, D.C. 20461. irreplaceable petroleum resources, preserve brave men who are still dedicated to I would like to point out t!hat this bill and enhance the quality of natural and hu­ "promote peace and goodwill among the is adaptable to both State and local gov­ man environments, and protect public health peoples of the United States and all the ernments. For example, local govern­ and welfare. nations of the Earth; to preserve the ments may waht to defer to the State PROHIBITIONS memories and incidents of the air serv­ regarding the licensing of used oil col­ SEc. 5. (a) No person shall collect, trans­ ice of the great war.1917-18; to cement lectors and recyclers. In this case, a law port, transfer, store, recycle, use, or dispose July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24123 of used oil in any manner which endangers LICENSES FOR USED OIL RECYCLERS valid for one year, but may be renewed upon the public health or welfare, or violates any SEC. 9. (a) A person who recycles 5,000 application. law or regulation. gallons or more of used oil annually shall do (e) The Director shall prepare a.nd submit (b) Disposal of used oil by discharge to so in accordance with a license issued by the an annual report to the [legislature; council], sewers, drainage systems, surface or ground Director. based in part on information submitted in waters, watercourses, or marine waters; or by ( b) A licensed used o~l recycler shall pro­ accordance with sections 8 ( d) , 9 ( c), and 10 incineration or deposit on land, unless in ac­ vide a receipt to any person from whom used. ( c) , summarizing information on used oil cordance with a special permit authorized by oil is received; maintain a complete record collection and recycling, licenses and special section 10, is prohibited. of all such transactions, documented by re­ permits, analyzing the effectiveness of the PUBLIC EDUCATION producible receipts, for two years; maintain Act's provisions in implementing the policies of section 4, and making recommendations SEC. 6. The Director shall conduct a pub­ reoords on tb,e quantities of used oil recycled; and make fully available to the Director, for necessary changes in the provisions or lic education program to inform the public their administration. of the needs for and benefits of collecting upon request, all records and copies of re­ ceipts for the purpose of review and audit. (f) The Director shall fully implement all and recycling used oil in order to conserve sections of this Act as soon as practical, but resources and preserve the environment. As (c) A licensed used oil recycler shall sub­ mit an annual report to the Director on his in no event later than two years after the part of this program, the ~!rector shall: effective date of this Act. (a) adopt rules, in accordance with section activities during the calendar year based 11 (a), requiring sellers of more than 500 gal­ upon the records kept in accordance with RECYCLED OIL PRODUCTS lons of lubricating or other oil annually in section 9 ( c) . The report shall state simply • SEC. 12. (a) A person may represent any containers for use off the premises to post the quantities of used oil possessed at the product made in whole or in part from used and maintain at or near the point of sale beginning and end of the reporting period, oil to be substantially equivalent to a prod­ durable and legible signs informing the pub­ the total amount received, and the amounts uct made from new oil for a particular end lic of the importance of proper collection and recycled during this period. The amounts use if substantial equivalency has been de­ disposal of used oil, and how and where used recycled shall be itemized as follows: pre­ termined in accordance with rules prescribed oil may be properly disposed of, including pared for reuse as a petroleum product; con­ by the Federal Trade Commission under sec­ locations and hours of operation and con­ sumed in the process of preparing for reuse, tion 383 ( d) ( 1) (A) of the Energy Policy and veniently located collection facilities; including wastes generated; and other uses Conservation Act, P.L. 94-163, or if the prod­ (b) establish, maintain and publicize a specifying each type of use. uct conforms fully with the specifications ap­ used oil information center that will explain SPECIAL PERMITS FOR OTHER USES OR DISPOSAL plicable to that product ma.de from new oil. local, state and federal laws and regulations SEC. 10. (a) A person who uses or disposes Otherwise, the product must be represented governing used oil and will inform holders of of more thah 55 gallons of used oil annually as made from previously used oil. quantities of used on on how and where used by means other than recycling, including· but (b) All officials of this [State; municipal­ oil may be properly disposed of; and not limited to road oiling, incineration and ity] shall encourage the purchase of recycled (c) encourage the establishment of volun­ landfilling, shall do so only in accordance oil products represented as substantially tary used oil collection and recycling pro­ with a special permit issued by the Director. equivalent to products made from new oil in grams and provide technical assistance to (b) A special permit holder shall provide accordance with section 12(a). persons organizing such programs. a receipt to any person from whom used oil ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTms COLLECTION FACILITIES is received; maintain a complete record of SEC. 13. (a) The Director shall enforce com­ SEC. 7. The Director shail by rule adopted such transactions, documented by reproduci­ pliance with the provisions of this Act and in accordance with section 11 (a) prescribe ble receipts, for two years; maintain records with the terms of licenses and special per­ means for the provision of safe and con­ on the quantities of used oil used or disposed mits issued in accordance with this Act. veniently located collection facilities for the of; and make fully available to the Director, (b) The Director is authorized to employ deposit of used oil by persons possessing not upon request, all records and copies of re­ the following means of civil enforcement: in­ more than 5 gallons at one time at no cost ceipts for the purpose of review and audit. spection of the operations of a license or spe­ to those persons. The Director may require (c) A special permit holder shall submit cial permit holder; issuance of an adminis­ public persons or sellers of more than 500 an annual report to the Director on his trative order directing specified actions in ac­ gallons of lubricating or other oil annually activities during the calendar year based on cordance with a specified schedule; imposi­ in containers for use off premises, or both, the records kept in accordance with section tion of a civil administrative penalty of up to provide or contract for the provision of lO(b). The report sh~ll state simply the to $500 per day for ea.ch violation; revocation such facilities. quantities of used oil possessed at the be­ of an issued license or special permit, after LICENSES FOR USED OIL COLLECTORS ginning and end of the reporting period, the providing an opportunity for a hearing; and total a.mount received, and the a.mounts used a civil action seeking equitable relief or civil SEC. 8. (a) A person who transports more and disposed of during the period. The than 500 gallons of used oil annually over penalties of up to $1000 per day for each a.mounts used or disposed of shall be item­ violation or both. public ways, hereinafter referred to as a used ized as follows: type of use and method of oil collector, or any storage facility that re­ (c) A person who violates sections 5 or 12, disposal. or any term of a license or special permit is­ ceives more than 10:000 gallons of used oil ADMINISTRATION annually from one or more used oil collec­ sued under this Act, is guilty of a misdeanor tors, also referred to as a used oil collector, SEC. 11. (a) The Administrative Procedure and may be fined up to $5000 per day for shall do so in accordance with a license Act for other appropriate statute or ordi­ ea.ch violation. . issued by the Director. nance governing rulemaking and adjudica­ SEVERABILITY (b) A licensed used oil collector shall tion applies to all actions taken under this SEc. 14. If any provision of this Act or the transfer used oil only to another used oil Act. application of it to any person or circum­ collector licensed under this section; a re­ (b) The Director shall adopt rules in ac­ stance is held invalid, the invalidity does not cycler licensed under section 9; a person with cordance with section 11 (a) governing con­ .affect other provisions or applications of the a valid special permit issued under section tents of and fees for appllcations for licenses Act which can be given effect without the 10; or a person outside the [State; munici­ and special permits under this Act and pro­ invalid provision or application, and to this pality]. cedures for review of applications. and for end the provisions of this Act are sever­ ( c) A licensed used oil collector shall pro­ issuance, renewal, denial, and revocation of able. vide a receipt to any person to whom used oil licenses and special permits. These rules shall REPEAL • is transferred; maintain a complete record provide for joint licenses or special permits SEc. 15. The following acts are repealed: of all such transactions, documented by re­ for persons requiring more than one author­ producible receipts, for two years; and make ization under this Act or other acts admin­ EFFECTIVE DA;r'E fully available to the Director, upon request, istered by the Director. The Director shall SEc. 16. The effective date of this Act is all .records and copies of receipts for the pur­ also adopt rules prescribing provision of re­ 90 days after the date of enactment. pose of review and audit. ceipts, the keeping of records and the filing ( d) A licensed used oil collector shall sub­ of reports by license or special permit holders. mit an annual report to the Director on his ( c) The Director shall issue a license or activities during the calendar year based on special permit upon determining that the PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS the records kept in accordance with section proposed means for collection, transport, REVIEW ORGANIZATIONS 8(c). The report shall state simply the quan­ transfer, storage, recycling, use, or disposal tities of used oil possessed at the beginning is operationally safe, environmentally sound and end of the reporting period, the total and consistent with the policy of thi<; Act HON. ALLAN T. HOWE amount collected and the amounts trans­ and shall impose terms in a license or special ferred during this period. The amounts permit requiring the license or special per­ OF UTAH transferred shall be itemized as follows: to mit holder to install or effect controls, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATMS collectors, recyclers and special permit hold­ processes, or practices necessary to insure Tuesday, July 27, 1976 ers in the [State; municipality], and by continuous compliance with existing laws State or foreign country for those persons and regulations. Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, the 1972 outside the [State; municipality]. (d) A license or special permit shall be amendments to the Social Security 24124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 Act called for· the creation of pro­ tant, and this report uses "UPRO" and roughly 1,200 hospital admissions monthly. fessional standards review organiza­ "OSCHUR" interchangeably.) About one of every five EMIA admissions ts In reviewing 40,000 hospital admissions an­ reviewed by UPRO. Miles notes that the tions-PSRO's-to insure more efficient nually, 90 % of which are Medicare-Medi­ group's experience has been that lengths-of­ and economical health care for patients caid and represent one-fourth of all the sta.y ha.ve dropped by a.bout one-half day covered under medicare and medicaid. state's admissions, OSCHUR's key figure is under UPRO. Under the provisions of the act, local the nurse coordinator. "However," he said, "some statistics don't communities would establish PSRO's There are 18 nurse coordinators, all RNs, forcibly support what we think has hap­ composed of professional me~cal per­ employed and trained by UPRO. Work~g pened because of UPRO. When UPRO first sonnel to review health services and under a physician adviser and using medical came out, we thought it made a lot of sense, care criteria. developed by p!lysician com­ and were convinced that it's upgrading the treatment in the area and make sure mittees of UPRO, the nurse coordinator mon­ quality of care. But there's some dispute as that this health .care meets reasonably itors the day-to-day care of hospitalized pa­ t.o whether the LOS savings WQIUld have hap­ acceptable standards of quality. . tients. It is the NC who, in effect, raise the pened with or without UPRO." Many communities in the nat_1on a~e flag whenever a patient's care doesn't con­ Miles referred to a study conducted by still in the planning stage on this proJ - form to the peer-generated criteria. Arthur D. Little & Co. for the U.S. Center Each NC processes about 10 admissions for Health servrces Research and Develop­ ect, but my own State of Utah has proved daily, has an average census of 70 patients. to be a pioneer in the field and was ~he ment. The study covered the experience of About 15% of these do not meet criteria and EMIA subscribers measured against patients first State to receive conditional des1g- · are screened out for review. not covered by UPRO. It found, in effect, nation of a PSRO. Dr. Louis sci:ric~er, When a case is screened out, the medical UPRO had "no program effect" on reduced Jr., who is president of this orgaruzat1on, adviser and his committee of consultants, costs and utilization. recently called my attention to an article usually chosen from the hospital's medical Miles added that EMlA intends to get more in the American Medical News on the staff, discuss the case with the attending mileage for its UPRO dollars by concentrat­ physician. In only 47 cases of 34,000 studied ing review on medical problem areas and success of the Utah PSRO. Since many from 1971-74, did such a discussion fail to have raised questions about the appro­ volume hospi~ls, and eliminating review of determine appropriate care. The number of such routine procedures as tonsillectomies priateness of peer review thr01.~gli PSRO's cases in which certification is withdrawn and obstetrics. and since this article contams a very now runs about 100 a year. UPRO needs to broaden its base so that frank assessment of Utah's program, I The cost for such review is estimated at subscribers like EMIA aren't, in effect, sub­ am submitting it for the information and $10 per hospitalized private pa~ient, $15 for sidizing the improved review other patients perusal of my colleagues in the Congress: Medicare-Medicaid. The benefit is considered receive, Miles said. to be substantial-though unproven. UPRO leaders, of course, would like to PSRO-F'IGHTING WORDS IN UTAH, BUT "The doctors never said PSRO would be THEY'RE ALL IN FAVOR OF THE PROGRAM broaden their base, a.nd are actively recruit­ cheaper," stresses William Knox Fitzpatrick, ing. It's almost as hard to find someone who MD, president of the state medical society. Miles said EMIA lisiq indicate it costs wlll knock the Utah Professional Review Or- "But there's no doubt that physicians do about $8.50 per admission to pay for UPRO ganization as it is to find someone who knows a better job if they know someone's looking review. Given a half-day savings in utiliza­ what a PSRO is-and/or is going to be. over their shoulder. It's just like driving on tion and current hospital rates of $100 dally, Utah got on the PSRO bandwagon early. the highway and keeping up with the pre­ this would appear to produce a savings of As the home state of PSRO's congressional vailing speed rate. Just like if you're taking about $40. sponsor, now-retired Republican Sen. Wal­ an exam and that exam is proctored. You're The little study, however, questions wheth­ lace Bennett, Utah and its physicians made not going to be tempted to cut corners." er such savings can be attributed to UPRO. a commitment to formalized review at a A transplanted Atlantan who has been Paul Bonner, one of the study's authors, time when most MDs were dead set against in Utah since the 1950s, Dr. Fitzpatrick says told AMN the study covered 1970-73 at hos­ "USMA is solidly behind the PSRO program. pitals in Ogden, north_of Salt Lake City, and it.The Utah state Medical Assn. established It's hard to measure dollar savings, but Provo, south of Salt Lake City. UPRO in 1971, and it became one of the first there's no doubt our physicians are much The UPRO program for EMIA members and most successful Experimental Medical more aware of cost factors. And an MD-run went into effect at the Ogden hospitals in care Review Organizations, the government­ program is far better than the alternative." July, 1972; none of the Provo hospitals had funded review agencies created in anticipa­ The President of UPRO, J. Louis Schricker, OSOHUR. Thus, the study covered 30 months tion of the 1972 PSRO legislation. MD, noted that UPRO "has only scratched before OSCHUR went into effect, 18 months In 1974, UPRO was designated a condition­ the surface with what can be done with after, and the Provo hospitals served as a con­ al PSRO, with responsibility for review of PSRO." - trol group. institutional services under Medicare-Medi­ Noting that the Institute of Medicine had There was no significant effect, Bonner caid. And it is anticipated that this May 1, recently visited the Utah opel'lation, Dr. said, on average lengtJ;i.-of-stay; admissions UPRO will be among the first full-fledged Schricker said, "We'd like to be thought of and days of care per 1,000 eligibles; or total PSROs the federal government will au­ as a model. We've had wide acceptance in cost, whether measured per stay, per 1,000 thorize. the community and in the profession. eligibles, or per patient day. It is, then, a model of sorts for the PSRO "Although it's true that the PSRO pro­ Bonner noted that the study was experi­ program, and offers several lessons for gram got off the ground here because of mental and that the results are a "valid but others. the efforts of a few dedicated physicians, 'soft' findings." He pointed out that of all During a two-day visit to Salt Lake City, UPRO now has almost every one of the state EMCROs studied by the national center, AMN visited with UPRO leaders, hospital medical society's 1,200 members signed up." .Utah's was among the most impressive. administrators, private subscribers, even a (There are about 1,500 eligible MDs in the Savings or not, Sister Joanne Upjobn, ad­ critic or two. state.) ministrator of Salt Lake City's Holy Cross The impression: "Either the medical profession had to do Hospital, where UPRO's initial pilot program Utah believes in PSRO, although it is read­ it or the. government would have stepped in," was launched, contends, "There's been a real ily conceded that there are as yet no bard observed David B. Wirthlin, administrator change in attitude around here. The doctors statistics to back up a belief in progress. of Salt Lake City's 570-bed Latter Day Saints are facing up to the fact that they have to The program's major contribution so far Hospital, the largest in the four-state Intet­ take the responsibility of assuring quality is that physicians have committed them­ mountain Region. care. selves to peer review. The commitment is Noting that LDS' average length-of-stay "It may just be a gut feeling, but I know proving contagious among nurses, hospital has dropped from seven to six days under that everyone working in this hospital is administrators, third-party payers, and UPRO, Wirthlin said, "Such reduced utmza­ much more awar.e of quality factors because others. tion has saved us from having to build a of UPRO. I know our board appremfort of change in order to achieve a comm.on good and begin again to shape a I, Barbara Jordan, am a keynote speaker. better future. common future. Let each person do his or A lot of years passed since 1832, and during We have a positive vision of the future her part. If one citizen is unwilling to par­ that time it would have been most unusual founded on the belief that the gap between ticipate, all of us are going to suffer. For 24128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 the American idea, though it is shared by all Sohio's system of making surplus oil Sohio believes that the concept of a. pipe­ of us, is realized in each one of us. available to the United States will: Frrst, line originating on the West Coast and serv­ And now, what are those of us who are have positive and substantial effect on ing the Northern Tier has merit; however. elected public officials supposed to do? We the construction of such a line would in no call ourselves public servants but I'll tell you U.S. balance of payments; second, re­ way eliminate the need for our project. The this: we as public servants must set an ex­ duce vulnerability to future disruptive fact is that neither northern pipeline pro­ ample for the rest of the nation. It is hypo­ foreign actions; third, make Elk Hills and posal is an alternative to our project. The critical for the public official to admonish Naval Petroleum Reserves available to reasons underlying the above statement and exhort the people to uphold the common the entire United States; fourth, make follow: good if we are derelict in upholding the surplus west coast crude available to pro­ The first of the northern pipeline proposals common good. More is required of public posed strategic storage areas on the gulf consists of a. 300,000 BPD pipeline with its officials than slogans and handshakes and coast; and fifth, integrate a national western terminus at Kitimat, British Co­ press releases. More is required. we must hold lumbia, extending eastward some 800 miles ourselves strictly accountable. We must pro­ crude oil distribution system. through British Columbia and into Edmon­ vide the people with a vision of the future. Considering the importance of this ton, Alberta, to intersect with the Canadian If we promise as public officials, we must project to our Nation's future energy Inter-Provincial Lakehead Pipeline System deliver. If we as public officials propose, we needs, I urge you to take the time to read which currently supplies the Northern Tier must produce. If we say to the American it: states with Canadian crude. It is our un­ people it is time for you to sacrifice, if the THE STANDARD On.. Co., derstanding that this is the solution favored public official says that, we (public officials) Cleveland, Ohio, July 16, 1976. by the Northern Tier refiners. The second must be the first to 'give. We must be. And Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, proposal consist.s of an 800,000 BPD pipe­ again, if we make mistakes, we must be will­ Longworth House Office Building, line originating at Port Angeles, Washing­ ing to admit them. We have to do that. What Washington, D.C. ton, extending approximately 1,500 miles we have to do is strike a balance between the DEAR REPRESENTATIVE ANDERSON: I am writ­ eastward across northern border states to tie idea that government should do everything ing to you on a matter which not only is of in with the Inter-Provincial Lakehead Sys­ and the idea, the belief, that government major significance to our Corporation, but tem near Clearbrook, Minnesota. ought to do nothing. Strike a balance. which we feel you will agree represents a vital 1. The Sohio Project and the northern pipe­ Let there be no illusions about the diffi­ and urgent national need. A good deal of dis­ line projects do not satisfy the same trans­ culty of forming this kind of a national cussion is now being generated in the media, portation needs nor transport the same crude community. It's tough, difficult, not easy. But by governmental bodies, in industrial circles, oil. a spirit of harmony will survive in America and concerned consumer groups regarding The domestic crude oil surplus expected to only if each of us remembers that we share a the development of a surplus of crude oil on develop in 1978 following production and de­ common destiny. Each of us must remember the West Coast. In January, 1978, with the livery of North Slope oil at the 1,200,000 BPD when self-interest and bitterness seem to Trans-Alaska Pipeline operating at its de­ rate will consist of heavy high sulfur oil. prevail, that we share a common destiny. sign capacity of 1,200,000 Barrels Per Day Alaskan crude, for instance, has a sulfur con- · I have confidence that we can form this (BPD), Sohio estimates an industry-wide tent of about 1 percent, and is a fairly heavy kind of national community. West Coast crude oil surplus in the range of crude oil, producing a. higher fraction of I have confidence that the Democratic 300,000 to 600,000 BPD. Although forecasts heavier petroleum products than does a light Party can lead the way. I have that con­ much further into the future are somewhat crude oil. The Northern Tier refineries in fidence. We cannot improve on the system speculative, Sohio has indicated that during Montana. the Dakotas, Minnesota, and Wis­ of government handed down to us by the the early 1980's a surplus of even larger consin have a limited capacity to process founders of the Republic, there is no way to magnitude is likely to develop. crude of Alaskan quality and have tradi­ improve upon that. But what we can do is As an owner of leases which overlie more tionally supplemented the relatively high to find new ways to implement that system than 50 percent of the Prudhoe Bay crude oil sulfur local production with low sulfur light and realize ou'r destiny. reserves, the prospect of a surplus is quite Canadian crude. Most of the crude oil which Now, I began this speech by commenting significant to us; since 1974 we have been will be phased out as Canadian crude exports to you on the uniqueness of a Barbara Jor­ putting forth a vigorous effort to alleviate the are curtailed will be lolV sulfur light Alberta dan making the keynote address. Well I am problem. After a thorough evaluation of en­ crude. going to close my speech by quoting a Re­ vironmental, economic, engineering, and The Northern Tier refineries are therefore publican President and I ask you that as timing considerations, Sohio has selected a looking for an alternative supply of low sul­ - you listen to these words of Abraham Lin­ pipeline route across the southwestern United fur, sweet crude oil; primarily they are look­ coln, relate them to the concept of a national States which utilizes existing natural gas ing to a supply of offshore foreign crude oil community in which every last one of us lines and ties in with the major U.S. crude which is very similar in quality to the Cana­ participates: "As I would not be a slave, so I oil distribution network near Midland, Texas. dian oil being curtailed. would not be a master. This expresses my From Midland, existing crude oil lines run After considering the amount of high sul­ idea of Democracy. Whatever differs from north, east, and south, providing direct access fur crude which will be available in the this, to the extent of the difference is no to approximately 65 percent of the nation's Northern Tier states and from Rocky Moun­ Democracy". refining capacity. The benefits of converting tain area production. existing Northern Tier unneeded natural gas lines for about 800 refineries would have a capacity to process a miles of the 1,000 mile system in terms of maximum of 150,000-200,000 BPD of crude of minimizing environmental impacts, conserv­ Alaskan quality should a northern line be SOHIO-CRUDE OIL TRANSPORTA­ ing total resources, providing economic trans­ built. Montana and Wyoming have histori­ cally exported crude of this quality to Mid­ TION SYSTEM portation and achieving timely completion are obvious. The southwestern route also al­ western states such as Indiana and Illinois, lows the construction of required port facili­ and such exports are expected to continue. ties within the existing Port of Long Beach, Unless costly refinery modifications are un­ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON thus avoiding the development of port facili- dertaken by the refiners located along the OF CALIFORNIA ties in areas not currently subject to tanker Northern Tier pipeine route, high sulfur IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES traffic. Initial design capacity for the gas crude in excess of this 150,000-200,000 BPD line conversion project is 500,000 BPD. would have to be transported to refineries in Tuesday, July 27, 1976 We are pleased that genuine concern ·over Chicago and further east before it could be the consequences of a. west Coast surplus is refined. Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. finally developing. Obviously, as expressed by The Sohio Project, on the other hand, ts Speaker, I commend to my colleagues in both the legislative and executive branches of being advanced to provide an efficient meth­ the House a letter I received from Mr. government, it is vitally important to the od for transporting the surplus West Coast Charles E. Spahr, chairman of the Stand- nation that this Alaskan resource be made crude to market.s which can readily absorb oil ard Oil Co., Ohio. available to domestic markets. However, it is of Alaska quality. From Midland, Texas, In it, he explains the proposed Sohio disturbing to us that much of this discussion existing crude distribution lines run north to is not being conducted in a productive the Midwest, east to East Texas and other crude oil transportation system between fashion. The reason for this, it appears, is crude distribution lines, or south to the U.S. the ·west coast and the remainder of generally a lack of understanding of the facts Gulf Coast. Approximately 65 percent of the the United States. ' and issues involved. nation's refining capacity is located on the In our area of southern California, su- our purpose in writing to you, then, 1s to major crude on pipeline network which runs pertankers heavy with Alaska's North clear up any confusion which may exist re­ from the Gulf Coast to the Lower Great Slope crude oil will eventually terminate garding the relationship between our pipe­ Lakes. Gulf Coast port.s are currently import­ within San Pedro Bay, which houses both line project and other more northerly pipe- ing well over 500,000 BPD of foreign offshore line projects which have been advanced along crude of Alaskan quality. Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. with other potential solutions to supply The Sohio Project also offers the capability There unloading and distribution of this Northern Tier refineries as C:anadian crude for transporting production from Naval Pe­ Alaskan crude will occur. exports are phased out. • troleum Reserves from Elk Hills, Buena. Vista. July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24129 and, in the future, Naval Petroleum Reserve not needed for natural gas service. While the of lapel fiag pins, to be worn on the left No. 4 in Alaska to strategic storage locations timing and need is somewhat speculative, lapel near the heart. in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Under adverse inter­ such an expansion might be required by 1981 The rules concerning the display of national circumstances, oil delivered to the or 1982. We believe that construction of a Gulf Coast via the Crude 01 Project could pipeline originating in the Northwest and the flag are also altered by this legisla­ be made available to vulnerable East Coast serving the Northern Tier refiners would de-· tion. The fiag, other than when ft.own refiners. lay or perhaps eliminate the need for expan­ from a staff, must be displayed with the Finally, it should be noted that there are sion of our system, and we would consider union or blue field uppermost and to the potential crude on customers located along such a result to be quite favorable. observer's left. the Crude Oil Project route who have no In summary, the northern pipeline pro­ If there is only one entrance in a cor­ viable alternative means of crude supply. posals are not alternatives to the Sohio ridor or lobby, the union of the fiag Since initiation of the Crude Oil Project, Project. The i:>ohio Project is designed to Sohio has been contacted by parties who are transport high sulfur, heavy Alaskan crude should be on the observer's left upon interested in receiving crude oil in Arizona oil which wlll be surplus in West Coast mar­ entering. If there is more than one en­ and New Mexico. The state of New Mexico, ket areas in early 1978 to existing refineries trance, the fiag should be suspended ver­ for example, has requested that Sohio reserve east of California which have the capability tically with the union to the north, when 50,000 BPD of North Slope crude for refining to accommodate such a high sulfur, heavy entrances are east to west, or to the east in New Mexico. Another such party is South­ type of crude oil. On the other hand, the when entrances are to the north and ern Union Oil Products Company, a New Northern pipeline proposals are designed to south. If there are entrances in more Mexico refiner, who much like Northern provide the Northern Tier refineries with an than two directions, the union should be Tier refiners, is faced with decreasing sup­ alternative supply of low sulfur, light crude plies from traditional sources. oil similar to the low sulfur, light Canadian to the east. 2. The Sohlo Project ls expected to become crude oil now being curtailed. Because of the Mr. Speaker, I would like to insert in operational in 1978, whereas it does not ap­ limited capacity of Northern Tier refineries the RECORD the following excerpt from pear feasible that either northern project to accommodate high sulfur, heavy crude, it the Judiciary Committee's report on wm be implemented before the early 1980's. can be expected that a large share of the proper display and use of the fiag: It is reasonable to expect that due to the crude which would ultimately flow through Section 1 of the bill is amended by adding more favorable climate, differences in ter­ a northern line, if built, will be offshore crude language that permits the display of an all­ rain, and length of line to be built, construc­ similar in quality to the low sulfur, light weather flag for a patriotic effect twenty-four tion time for the northern line will exceed Canadian crude it is replacing. The Sohio hours a day if properly illuminated during the construction time required for the Sohio Project and nothern proposals are therefore the hours of darkness. This has been tech­ gas line conversion project. The management complementary, not mutually exclusive, but nically possible for some time because of ad­ of the Northern Tier Pipeline Project, for ex­ a northern pipeline could eliminate the need vances in outdoor lighting and all-weather ample, has indicated that construction of fQr expansion of the Sohio Project. materials for flags, but the federal code was that project will take two years. The Sohio An understanding of this concept is of never adjusted to permit around-the-clock Project is expected to be operational within vital importance if we are to avoid the pros­ display of the flag. twelve to fourteen months from the time pect of damaging delays in resolving either Section 2 has been updated to indicate our construction is initiated. of these nationally important issues which Nation's holidays, their new names, and other The major timing concern, however, is as­ require independent solutions. changes in dates, to reflect the special days sociated with the numerous and complex I want to assure you that Sohio intends to on which the flag should be displayed. environmental and engineering studies continue to move forward vigorously toward Language has also been added in sections wh~ch must be conducted to insure that the objective of having this important crude 2 and 3 which reflect efforts by the ('.Ommittee the project is constructed and operated in oil transportation link in operation when it to update the flag code. No longer is the flag, a mannef which is compatible with the en­ is needed in 1978. In this regard your assist­ if displayed on a vehicle, to be "clamped to vironment. While we believe that an envi­ ance in creating an understanding of the the radiator cap." It must now be affixed to ronmentally acceptable northern line could need for and nature of our project as well the right fender. be constructed, problems associated with the as the need for prompt governmental re­ Subsection (i) of Section 3 has been environmentally sensitive ·areas crossed by sponse to the remaining issues will be most amended to specifically spell out the display such a project can be expected to result in valuable and deeply appreciated. of the flag when displayed otherwise than permitting delays. Our applications for the Sincerely yours, being flown from a staff. When displayed gas line conversion project were filed nearly CHARLES E. SPAHR, either horizontally or vertically against a wall a year ago. The Environmental Impact As­ Chairman. the union or blue field should be uppermost sessment has been completed and the appro­ and to the observer's left. priate Federal and state lead agencies have Section 3(k) has been amended to indicate been at work for some time on the Environ­ the importance of the guarantee of religious mental Impact Statement and California REVISED CODE FOR U.S. FLAG freedom by the U.S. Constitution. The new Environmental Impact Report. We still face language of this section affirms that when procedural difficulties in having the authori­ both the flag of the United States of Amer­ zation process completed by early 1977, even HON. LESTER L. WOLFF ica and the flag of the church are displayed though our project has mintmal environ­ mental impact. To our knowledge, no Federal OF NEW YORK on staffs, the flag of the United States should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hold the position of prominence and the posi­ permits have been filed for either of the tion of honor at the clergyman's right. Any northern pipeline projects (National Energy Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Board permit in the case of the Kitlmat to other flag so displayed should be placed on Edmonton project). Financing may also pre­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, it is fitting the left of the clergyman or speaker or to the sent a problem in the case of the Port An­ that in this 200th year of America's ex­ right of the audience. geles to Clearbrook project. istence as a free nation, we have put intc Subsection (m) of Section 3 provides for In no event could a northern line be in law a revised code to insure the proper specific language as to when the flag may be place in early 1978 when needed to alleviate flown at half-staff as a mark of respect to the · the expected West Coast surplus. Permitting· use of our fiag. memory of the deceased. It also states spe­ time for the Canadian project may be less This joint resolution provides a codi­ cifically who may order the national fiag to than for a comparable project in the United fication of customs that have already' fly at half staff-no. public official below the States; we lack experience in Canadian per­ been widely accepted as common prM­ office of Governor. It also designates those mitting matters. Realistically, we do not see tice as to the use of our fiag, symbolizing public officials for whom the flag shall be how the Port Angeles to Clearbrook line peace, liberty, and justice. flown at half-staff and the period of time it could be in place prior to the 1980's even if All proud Americans should salute the is to be flown in that position. the necesary financial backing were to come Subsection ( 6) of Section 3 is a new sec­ forth promptly. enactment of this legislation protecting tion which describes the proper display of the 3. It may be desirable to have pipeline ca­ the fiag from misuse, and establishing flag when suspended across a corridor or a pacity in excess of that offered by the Sohlo patriotic standards as to saluting and lobby inside a building. If only one entrance, Project to transport crude surplus to West display. the union of the flag should be to the ob­ Coast needs. This resolution allows the fiag to be server's left upon entering. If more than one Our projections suggest that by the early ft.own at night, if illuminated properly, entrance, the flag should be suspended ver­ 1980's the available crude oil surplus to West permitting the fiag to remain displayed tically with union to the north, when en­ Coast needs wlll have reached a level of 24 hours a day. trances are east to west, or to the east when 700,000 to 800,000 BPD. Our agreements with entrances are to the north and south. If the natural gas companies allow for expan­ It also disallows the use of the fiag as there are entrances in more than two direc­ sion of the system to 1,000,000 BPD through part of any wearing apparel including tions the union should be to the east. . the utilization of a second natural gas line­ costumes, uniforms, or dress; or for use Section 4, subsection (d) is amended to subject, of course, to approval by the Federal for advertising purposes, bedding, or preclude any use of a flag as a costume or Power Commission that the second line is drapery. It does though, permit the use athletic uniform has been deleted. It is in- 24130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 eluded, however, as a new subsection (j) and open support and encouragement of the America. They are unable to hate America. provides further guidance as to the use of a aggressor, the policy of apparent disregard They are deeply grateful for all they have flag patch affixed to the uniform of military of the most elementary precepts of law and received from this country, although con­ personnel, firearms, policemen, and members morality in international relations. scious that other people have received more of patriotic organizatk>ns. A lapel flag pin, if Policies based on disregard of justice and without matching Greece's contribution and worn on clothing, should be worn on the left morality, abusively called "realistic", have losses. Ingratitude is not part of Greek tra­ lapel near the heart. brought nothing but disrepute to this coun­ dition. The record shows that the opposite is Sections 5 and 7 are changed by adding try. Far from having been able to solve any true. Today, however, almost every Greek is language that women sbould salute by plac­ of the problems connected with Cyprus, utterly disappointed. ing the right hand over the heart during the Greece, Turkey, and the Eastern Mediterra­ Why disappointed? Would you like to know hoisting, lowering or p~ssing of the flag and nean area in general, they only succeeded in why? Fine! Please allow me then to remind during the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag. completely disorganizing that area and you briefly of Greece's contribution to the Sections 6, 7, and 8 of the bill simply wrecking substantial American interests con­ Allied cause, her sacrifices, the promises reiterate existing conduct for salute of the nected with it. One such interest, perhaps given to the Greeks of the mainland and of flag and authority for the Commander in the most important one, is the trust and Cyprus, the expectations created in them, Chief of the Armed Forces to alter, repeal, good will of the peoples living in the area. and the way such promises and the sacred or add rules pertaining to the rule or custom As a journalist I visited Greece and other debt to Greece have been dishonored. of displaying the flag of the United States Eastern Mediterranean countries at the end You are invited on a trip to Greece at no whenever he deems it to be appropriate or of World War II. Then, the American name charge. It is winter of 1941. Greece is at war desirable. enjoyed the greatest respect and there ex­ with Italy because she refused to permit isted all around a genuine and deep affection Mussolini the passage through Greek ter­ for everything American. How sadly: different ritory of ttalian troops destined to fight the SPEECH BY DR. BASIL VALAVIANOS is the picture today. Even the Tfirks who British troops in Africa -e.nd the Middle East. AT THE DINNER GIVEN IN BEHALF have been so strongly supported by our gov­ Greece was not under obligation to enter the OF THE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS ernment, demonstrate against the U.S.; and war and no one expected her to do so. No this is not at all surprising. Aggressors are one in Greece had illusions about the sac­ FROM NEW YORK WHO WERE difficult to please. When one stops support­ rifices they were called to make. For instance, HONORED BY THE ORDER OF ing their plans and demands one is faced they knew that they had only 84 first line AHEPA with violent resentments. aircraft, several of them obsolete. Mussolini Now, who is to blame for the anti-Amer­ boasted 2,000 operational fighters and bomb­ ican feelings in Turkey? The Congress which ers! Why then did the Greeks resist Mussolini HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO tries to curb the aggressor and save the good and later Hitler? First, because, they are OF NEW YORK name of the country by applying the U.S. "unrealistic." They are openly called so, for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES laws, or the Administration which encourag~s instance, when they demand that Turkish the blackmailer by internationally denounc­ troops withdraw from Cyprus and refugees Tuesday, July 27, 1976 ing the Congress and promising things which be permitted to return to their homes. Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, on June are against the American laws and the resolu­ The Greeks have also the disadvantage of a tions of the United Nations, not to speak of 2,500 year tradition of crazy decisions. Do 24 Prof. Basil Valavianos spoke at a din­ justice and morality? The responsibility of you remember Salamis-a few Athenian ships ner of the American Hellenic Educational the Administration is obvious, and here are fighting the most powerful Persian armada? Progressive Association. His words, I be­ two more examples of Turkish way of think­ You certainly remember Thermopylae-300 lieve, are important enough for all of us ing and acting which show the futility of our Spartans facing 10,000 Persians. Also 1821-a to consider and I would ask unanimous policies of appeasement so similar of those handful of Greeks challenging the Ottoman consent that they be included in the of Balfour and Chamberlain towards Hitler. Empire and the Holy Alliance. This goes on CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: In 1971, Turkey had agreed to terminate through almost every period of history. opium poppy growing against payment of Strangely enough, in almost all such cases, SPEECH BY DR. BASIL VALAVIANOS $35.7 million. After collecting some $15 mil­ in spite.of overwhelming imbalance of power, Ladies and Gentlemen: The District Lead­ lion, however, in 1974 Turkey breached the Greece has ultimately prevailed. The usual ership of Ahepa should be highly commended agreement and continued the production of explanation is that the Greeks fought hero­ for having brought us together in order to poppies. Simultaneously, she unloaded into ically. They certainly did. There is also a honor our Congress-persons. Thus far, little the market the opium stockpiled during the deeper reason, however. I mean the fact that has been done to express the appreciation ban. in all such cases the Greeks fought for right and gratitude of their constituents for their When recently, in spite of their continued and justice and they profoundly believed in stand in the case of the Turkish aggression and increasing aggression in Cyprus, we of­ this. Now, with the permission of our "real­ in Cyprus. Actually, such appreciation and fered one billion dollars additional assistance ist" policy makers in Washington I humbly gratitude is due them by every patriotic to the Turks, their press insultingly com­ submit that right and justice is might, and American, not only those of Greek origin, be­ plained because we also extended Greece ad­ history teaches that always in the end the cause what they have done and are doing ditional assistance in order to maintain some most clever thoughts, the most sinister tricks transcends the limits of the wishes of a na­ balance of power. We all hope that the Con­ or diabolical combinations have been proved tional minority. gress will not confirm these agreements, but unable to subdue that might. Great nations strive to promote among the it is characteristic that Turkish resentment Be this as it may let us now complete our other nations of the world the ideas and was there long before any action was taken voyage to Greece. We arrived in Athens, No­ ideals for which they stand and which in by Congress. This attests to the well known vember 1941. David Walker prefacing the their belief are the best. For several years fact that the more you yield to a blackmailer book ·"The Greek Miracle" describes the situ­ some of our policymakers are practicing the more demanding he becomes. The follow­ ation there as follows: exactly the opposite. They apply in inter­ ers of the policy· of appeasement sooner or "In the streets of Athens there is one of the national relations and promote by every later will have to reckon with Turkey's dis­ most tragic armies of war: the army of leg­ means at their disposal the idea and ideals, satisfaction, perhaps at a time when we need less men. There are the soldiers whom I drank we supposedly condemn. The fact that we her most. with in the mo-qntains . . . (they) are now simultaneously pay lip service to our ideals Far more tragic, are the results of our crawling along the pavement, selling ciga­ makes no difference-if a.nything it makes ~t ~hortsighted policies in Greece. After all, rettes and matches. They refuse to beg ... worse. Turkey has never been our true ally and in on more than one occasion German military It was high time then that someone prove view of her record I am afraid that she will cars and motor cyclists did run them down to the world that we believe in and respect never be. She has been able to survive by as they tried to cross the road. They are men our own principles. This was done by the playing one Great Power against the other whose England should remember and whose elite of the representatives of the American not by fighting for principles. Aside of the story England ought to know." "By the au­ people who chose to side with the law and durability of her loyalty, however, the very tumn and winter of 1941," Walker continues, condemn the international crime of aggres­ value of the facilities made available to us "Greece was starving. By the spring 1943 the sion, to act in accordance with the principles has been under dispute among prominent death rate from starvation in Athens and of justice and decency rather than with the strategists. Piraeus alone exceeded 2,000 a day. Of every demands of opportunistic and dubious con­ On the other hand, Greece has always been 10 children born only one lived more than 4 siderations denuded of morality and wisdom. our ally, and one of the staunchest, more weeks." And be concludes, "Disease and They have rendered tremendous service tt:> the loyal and most efficient one. In World War I, famine will stalk Greece until the war is American nation. They saved its honor and in World War II in Korea she fought along­ over. There will be misery and despair on an its good name and they kept alive the hope side our forces, mostly against tremendous appalling scale. The legless army in the that, after all, the great country to which odds and always most effectively. streets will thin out and possibly will disap­ the freedom and peace loving na+tons of the We have succeeded in creating negative pear. But their spirit should be known and world have been accustomed to look for feelings among the Greek people. Such feel­ be remembered by the free countries of the guidance and support is still there. That hope ings are often described as hatred. This is world." was nearly extinguished by the policy of another misrepresentation. No Greek hates "To the Greek army," wrote the London July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24131 Times of January 15, 1941, "falls the hODor Secretary of State, stated in 1945 that the those who proved .by their consistent stand of the first great victories on land. Her glori­ principle of self, determination should be that they are holding to the American prin­ ous resistance to Facist forces has afforded us applied in Cyrus. On March 22, 1948 a New ciples, are mentioned in Greece and almost advantages which we have already been able York dispatch revealed that the State De­ everywhere with the greatest respect, grati­ to exploit!" partment in a document circulated in Wash- · tude and affection, and I now invite you to I bypass the many similar American pro­ ington favored the cession of Cyprus to applaud them standing, and as warmly as nouncements and quote from a long state­ Greece. These, and a host of other similar you can. ment by Mr. Green, then President of the official and unofficial statements as well as' Thank you very much. American Federation of Labor, dated Decem­ the famous article 3 of the Atlantic Charter ber 18, 1941. "Our people now are your al­ promising respect of the right of self-deter­ lies. We march in the same ranks against the mination were forgotten. The British Gov­ same foes and we, who have entered the col­ ernment succeeded in selllng to Mr. Dulles EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS OF umns so recently, owe more than we can ex­ and his successors their policy based on IRISH-AMERICANS press to you and your people for establishing their desire to maintain control on the is­ a pattern of courage to which we all should land and on their well known method of strive to approach." divide and rule. Under various more or less HON. MARIO BIAGGI Let us now take · at random a few of shameless pretexts the rights of the Cypriot the many characteristic official and unoffi­ people were trampled upon and the tangle OF NEW YORK cial statements concerning Cyprus, which of Cyprus was taken over by us blindly, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have been' the foundation for the exoecta- without imagination and without any care Tuesday, July 27, 1976 tions mentioned above. · for realities and for morality. On January 25, 1919 the London Daily Allegedly, this was done in order to pro· Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the con­ Mail, organ of Mr. Macdonald's Labor Party, tect American interests and indirectly the tributions of Irish Americans to Ameri­ in an editorial declared that: interests of the free world. What interests? can life are varied and well known, but "For nearly forty years, we have obstinately Take a look at and compare todays picture the focus is usually placed on the waves refus·ed to grant self-government to the in­ of the area with that of 1954. The meta­ habitants of Cyprus. We have· turned a cteat morphosis is unbelievable indeed. of Irish Americans who reached these ear to their plea. Today, they are repeating The Greek-Turkish alliance which con­ shores during the latter half of the 19th that plea. It is up to our Government to' give stituted the cornerstone of the defense of century. them the freedom they ask." the area has fallen to pieces. American in­ Little known to most of us are the Shortly later on February 21, 1919, Mr. fluence on both Greece and Turkey has great contributions which Irish Ameri­ Macdonald himself at the International become problematic. General distrust reigns cans made to the establishment of our Labor and Socialist Conference in :aern em­ supreme in the entire Eastern Mediterranean Nation and during its trying days of in­ phasized that: , area. This is especially true in regard to fancy. For that reason, I am inserting at "The principles laid down in the main assurances and guarantees offered by the this point in the RECORD an article pub­ resolutions before the Conference (the right U.S.A. and other powers. NATO Allianpe has of all nations to determine their own utterly deteriorated and is in grave danger lished by the Bronx Irish American Bi­ fate . .. ) will be applied, as far as the British of actual dissolution in the area. Activity centennial Committee, researched by a Labor Party is concerned, to the people of by Soviet naval forces has increased, and 1976 graduate of Iona College, Richard Cyprus." Soviet presence and infiuence in the area Mccann. I am certain my colleagues will Five years later, however. without any have substantially expanded. Defense of Is­ find it to be interesting and enlighten­ discomfort replying to a question about rael is handicapped by prospects of less ef­ ing: Cyprus, he stated that His Majesty's Gov­ fective support on the part of the U.S.A. ernment, whose he was then the head, "are from Atlantic and Mediterranean baseil. The EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS OF !RISH AMERICANS not comtemplating any change in the politi­ illegal,uncontrolled heroin traffic fueled by While hostilities against British soldiers cal status of Cyprus." opium from Turkey has increased and so started on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and "Believe me, after the war is over, the on and so forth. Concord, it was the document called the name of Cyprus will be included in the list Now, I hope that you realize why the "Declaration of Independence" dated July of those who have deserved wen: not only Greeks feel so deeply disappointed. If there 4, 1776, that signifies the birthday of our na­ of the British Commonwealth of Nations, not is anything to wonder about, it is indeed tion-the United States of America. To the only of the united peoples now in arms, but their continued loyalty to the U.S.A. in spite astonishment of many of our contempo­ as I firmly believe, of future generations of of the abuse they have absorbed. raries, such famous Americans as George mankind." The Rt. Hon. Winston S. Church­ Before I close I should draw your atten­ Washington, Pa.trick Henry, Alexandtlr Ham· Ul, Prime Minister of Great Britain, Febru­ tion to two more revealing statements. The llton, John Jay and James Madison did not ary, 1~43. first comes from a well known Turkish news­ affix their signatures to that great proclama­ "I cannot understand how we can justify paper Huriet of Istanbul, October 15, 1953: tion of freedom! for one moment our actions in Cyprus ... "The day when the island will revert to its Of the seventy-six delegates, fifty-six, plus our refusal to grant (the people of Cyprus) real owner, Turkey, the majority will belong the Secretary of the Continental Congress, self government is an offense against our to us again. The island will bleed and your incribed their names. They a.re immortal pledged word in the Atlantic Charter, in the majority, of which you boast so much, will names for they were the only fifty-seven U.N. Charter and in the Charter of Human become the minority." persons among the two and one-half mil­ Liberties. Why do we weaken our great posi­ The other statement has come from the lion inhabitants living at that time 1n the tion in the world by laying ourselves open Vice President of the United States. Accord­ American colonies. to the charge of hypocrisy because of our ing to press reports on April 15, 1975, he The consequences for the signers were most refusal to the people" of that island a right was asked how he would feel if he were a grave. They were the most maligned mem­ which is theirs." Clement Davies, Leader of Greek and the Turks had used against him bers of the Continental Congress. The homes the British Liberal Party, Oct. 2, 1954. weapons supplied to them by the United of fifteen signers were destroyed. Others were ". . . how can Cyprus be used for the States. Mr. Rockefeller had repeatedly re­ punished indirectly through hostile actions defense of the Eastern Mediterranean in the ferred to the Turks and not once to the against their wives and children. It took proclaimed cause of liberty and democracy Greeks as our allies and found Turkey's re­ courage for the individuals who signed the when the people of the island are consist­ action to the resolutions of the Congress Declaration because on July 4, 1776 the sails ently denied their own national Uberty?" absolutely justified. In reply to the concrete of fifty-two English warships and four hun­ The Observer, June 27, 1954. question about the Greeks, he said in es­ dred and twenty-seven transports were spot­ sence that they should be grateful to Turkey ted off Staten Island. During World War II the Cypriot Greeks It ls a tribute to our Irish heritage that were the first among the people of the because her invasion of Cyprus caused the overthrow of the military dictatorship in twelve signers of the Declaration of Inde­ Colonial Empire to join the British forces. pendence were born either in Ireland or were By official placards placed in the recruiting Greece. He meant the junta. government, so strongly supported if not brought to power of Irish ancestry. In the Bicentennial year centers they were invited to "fight for Greece by U.S.A. policy and whose actions in Cyprus of our country, we believe it is fitting to call and Liberty". The statement obviously in July 1974 were openly encouraged by our attention to those twelve heroic and impor­ meant · England's liberty because when the Secretary of State, his protege. tant Irish-Americans who were our Found­ time came to honor the latter's debt to In a.11 this darkness there has been only ing Fathers. As the great Irish patriot the Cypriots they were told: one light and one hope-the American Con­ Thomas Davis stated: "We do not accept the principle of self­ gress, represented here this evening by the "If we live influenced by the wind, the determination as one of universal applica­ friends we honor: Honorable Bella. Abzug, sun and free and not by· the deeds and pas­ tion. We think that exceptions must be Honorable Joseph Addabbo, Honorable Marlo sions of the past we are a thriftless and hope .. made in view of geographical, traditional, Biaggi, Honorable Thomas Downey, Honor­ less people." historical, strategical and other considera­ able John M. Murphy, Honorable Peter Pey­ Matthew Thornton, New Hampshire, was tions." (Mr. Harold McMillan, British For­ ser, Honorable Benjamin Rosenthal and born in 1714 in the city of Derry. His family eign Secretary, September 1, 1955). Honorable Lester Wolff. emigrated from Ireland in 1719. As a medical · In the United States, Mr. Stettnius, then These names, as well as the names o! all doctor he practiced in the town of London- 24132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 derry, New Hampshire. He was one of four was the grandson of Charles Carroll of Kings ond Continental Congress, was born in signers who were physicians. During our Rev­ County, present-day County Leix, Ireland. Braintree, Massachusetts in 1737. His ances­ olutionary era, he was President of New He received his education both in Maryland tors emigrated from Downpatrick, County Hampshire's Revolutionary Convention and a and abroad from the members of the Society Down. A relative, Neilson Hancock, was delegate to the Continental Congress. Sev­ of Jesus. By the time Carroll was in his early founder of the Irish Statistical Society. This eral authorities claim that he was the last forties, he held the distinction of being one famous American signer was educated at person to sign the Declaration. After the of the richest men in the Colonies·. His cous- Harvard College. He was a lawyer by pro­ struggle, he became a member of the New • in, John Carroll, was the first Roman Catho­ fession. Before the war, he was a member Hampshire State Senate and an Associate lic Bishop in the United States. In 1775 of the colonial legislature. He played a crucial Justice of his state's Supreme Court. Besides Charles Carroll was elected Delegate to the role' in Massachusetts revolutionary activi­ these activities, he was a noted American Maryland Revolutionary Convention, fol­ ties. He was President of the Massachusetts surgeon. lowed by his selection as representative of Provincial Congress from 1774 to 1775 and James Smith, Pennsylvania, was born in his native colony to the Philadelphia con­ a delegate to the Continental Congress. He the province of Ulster in 1719. He came to clave. In 1776, he, along with Benjamin was a candidate for Commander-in-Chief of the colony of Pennsylvania in 1729 and set­ Franklin, was appointed to an unsuccessful the colonial forces, an assignment which was tled on a farm in York County. His early mission to urge the Canadians to join forces ultimately won by the Virginian, Genera.I education was under the direction of an­ with the Americans against the British George Washington. He WS£ the first state other celebrated Irishman Dr. Francis Allison Crown. In later years, Carroll served as mem­ Governor of Massachusetts and, at the end of Philadelphia College. Smith was both a ber of the Maryland State Senate, and as a of the 1780's, became President of the State surveyor and an attorney. He was a strong United States Senator from Maryland. He Convention that ratified the Constitution. advocate of independence and became a.n held the distinction of being the last surviv­ Edward Rutledge, South Carolina, was born organizer of the first group of Pennsylvania ing signer of the Declaration of Independ­ in November of 1749 in Charlestown, South volunteers against England in 1774. Smith ence-dying on November 14, 1832. Carolina. His father, a native of Ireland, also became a delegate to that state's Rev­ George Read, Delaware, was the son of emigrated in 1735. This signer was educated olutionary Convention and was then chosen John Read, a wealthy planter who had emi­ in law, graduating with a very high rank to go to Philadelphia. as a representative of grated from Dublin and settled in Cecil among his fellow students in the Charleston the Pennsylvania delegation which included County, Maryland at the beginning of the Bar. Besides being a delegate to the Con­ Benjamin Franklin. After the War for In­ Eighteenth Century. This signer was born in tinental Congress and a signer of the Declara­ dependence, he was a Brigadier General of 1734. He became a lawyer at the age of nine­ tion of Independence, he served as an artil­ the Pennsylvania Volunteers and a member teen after two yea.rs of study. His biographers lery captain. He was a prisoner of the British of his state's High Court of llrrors and Ap­ state that he was a staunch "Republican", from 1780 to 1 781. He also was a member of peals. asserting the primacy of equality and rights his state's legislative body and served with George Taylor, Pennsylvania, was born in for all. Through marriage, he became distinction as governor of his state. 1716 in the province of mster. For a while he brother-in-law to George Ross of Pennsyl-, Charles Thompson, although not a dele­ studied medicine in Dublin, but he gave up vania, a fellow signer of the Declaration of gate, was the Secretary of the Continental his studies and came to America at the age of Independence. A member of the Continental Congress and thus put his signature to our twenty-one. He became owner of the Dur­ Congress which produced the Declaration of nation's birth certificate. This is the reason ham Furnace in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Independence, he was also a member of the why there is confusion as to whether there There, he rose to a position of prominence. Constitutional Convention which drafted the were fifty-six or fifty-seven signers of the During our struggle for independence, he was United States Constitution in 1787. He was Declaration. Thompson was born at Maghera, a member of the Pennsylvania. Provincial also a member of three branches of the Dela­ County Derry in 1730. He came to America Congress, a. delegate to the Continental Con­ ware government, legislator, President of with his father and three brothers in 1741. gress and most importantly, a supplier of Dela.ware and Chief Justice. However, his father died before reaching the munitions to George Washington's Conti­ Thqmas Lynch, South Carolina, was the American shore. After his formal education, nental Army. In the later part of the war, he grandson of a Conna.ught man who emigrated Thompson secured a. reputation as a brilliant was a member of the Pennsylvania legisla­ from Galway in the last quarter of the Sev­ speaker, a man of high literary accomplish­ ture and Supreme Executive Council. enteenth Century. Lynch's grandfather left ments and a champion of the common man. Robert Treat Paine, Massachusetts, was a large estate. Thus, Thomas Lpich was born During the proceedings of the Congress he born on March 11, 1731 in Boston. He was into comfort in 1749 near Georgetown, South ma.de voluminous notes which a.re a valuable the grandson of Henry O'Neill, a descendant Carolina. He received a degree from the Uni­ versity of Cambridge and upon his return to guide to past, present and future historians. of "Shane the Proud". Henry O'Neill was ~n a monument at his grave. these words are born in Dungannon, County Tyrone in 1665. America, he became a very successful lawyer. mscribed: "Here lies Charles Thompson, the The name of Paine was that of an earlier At the start of the hostilities in 1775, he was soul of Congress." maternal ancestor and O'Neill changed it to commissioned a. captain in the South Caro­ "Paine" in the late 1600's after the surrender lina. Militia. During the war, he served in the of Limerick. The change in the family name South Carolina Legislature. Tragedy came to was done to preserve the family estate hold­ him at an early age. On a voyage to the West ings from the conquering English. Robert Indies in 1779, his ship sunk during a storm NUCLEAR AID MISUSE Paine graduated from Harvard College. In and no survivors were ever found. 1774, he became a Massachusetts delegate, Thomas Nelson, Virginia, has an interest­ along with Samuel and John Adams, to the ing Irish background. Nelson's paternal HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Continental Congress and later served as a grandfather was a native of Strabane County OF NEW YORK member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Tyrone. He emigrated from Ireland a.bout IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Convention. After 1783 he was an important the middle of the Seventeenth Century. The state official; he held the positions of State family name was originally "O'Neill". As was Tuesday, July 27, 1976 the case so many times during that epoch of Legislator, Attorney General and Supreme Mr. ~INGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the Court Justice. Irish history, the name had to be changed to Thomas McKean, Delaware, was born in an English synonym to avoid persecution, House will soon be asked to act on H.R. Chester County, Pennsylvania on the 19th of torture and seizure of land. The·famous anti­ 8401, the Nuclear Fuel Assurance Act. At March, 1734. His father was William McKean, quarian, Dr. Eugene O'Curry, t raced Nelson's that time I propose to offer the follow­ who emigrated from Dublin to the Colonies lineage to Dona.Id O'Neill, Prince of Ulster, ing amendment: Strike sections 2 and 3. in the early part of the Eighteenth Century. who delivered the famous "Remonstrance" Amend the title so as to read "A bill to His mother was Laetitia Finney of County of 1315 to Pope John XXII exposing the insure that the United States has ade­ Leitrim. This signer was educated at Phil­ atrocities perpetrated by the English in Ire­ quate and secure facilities for the pro­ adelphia College and at an early age, after land. A cousin of the signer, William Nelson, duction and enrichment of uranium en­ admittance to the practice of law, started a was a member of the "United Irishmen", who political career. In 1762 he was elected to the supplied arms for the Wexford Rising in 1798. riched in the isotope-235." Colonial Assembly from Newcastle, Delaware. Thomas Nelson was born in Yorktown, Vir­ One of the many reasons why I find McKean was a member of the Stamp Act Con­ ginia, December 26, 1138. He studied at Cam­ the unamended bill so objectionable is gress which met in 1765 in Philadelphia. He bridge and was a lawyer by profession. At the potential it establishes for misuse of was Chairman of the Delaware Revolutionary an early age, he was a member of the Virginia our nuclear exports. By encouraging the Committee of Public Safety in 1776. His House of Burgesses, joining such men as accumulation of a vast stockpile of en­ brother-in-law through his first wife, Fran­ Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson and George riched uranium to fuel nuclear reactors cis Hopkins of Rhode Island, was also a signer Washington. As a prominent figure in the throughout the globe, the legislation can of the' Declaration of Independence. Mc­ Revolution, Nelson served a.s a member o! -Kea.n's later career is interesting; he was at the Virginia Provincial Congress, delegate to only encourage proliferation of nuclear one time Governor of Pennsylvania, and later, the Continental Congress, Commander-in­ hardware. Such nuclear assistance is fre­ acting President of Delaware. Chief of the Virginia. Mil1tla and, after the quently misused to the great endanger­ Charles Carroll, Maryland, the only Ca.tho­ war, as Governor of Virginia. ment of all mankind. . lie to sign this famous document, was born John Hancock, Massachusetts, first signer This was precisely the point made last on September 20 in Annapolis, Maryland. He of the Declaration and President of the Sec- week by Fred C. Ikle, Director of the July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24133 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, weeks before the Saigon regime's collapse but pose a threat to world p~ace and the security in testimony before the Senate Foreign left the reactor, according to a spokesman of the United States. I urge in the strongest Relations Committee. for the Energy Research and Development possible language the stoppage of all nuclear Administration. fuel shipments to India until the .commis­ "We've been had," Ikle testified. Amer­ And her American research reactor is in sion can assure that no diversion of special ican reactors were supplied to "some Zaire, an African count~ where security is nuclear materials supplied by the United countries which needed them like a hole considered tenuous. States can take place. It is time that the in the head.1' Ikle said the United States "let go" of re­ United States move beyond mere detection I submit for my colleagues' attention actors t;hat use highly enriched uranium, toward prevention. the Washington Post account of Mr. which is close to weapons grade, to South The actions of the Government of India Ikle's testimony: Africa, Brazil, Colombia, and others. undermine our confidence in its good faith Under a proposal soon to be submitted to in the area o:C nuclear development. India has ARMS CONTROL CHIEF URGES CAUTION­ Congress, the United States would sell large refused to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty NUCLEAR AID SAID MISUSED power reactors-to Israel and Egypt, neither of and has rejected the universal international (By Don Oberdorfer) which has ratifl.ed the Nuclear Non-prolifera­ safeguards that the Treaty's proponents in­ The government's top arms control official tion Treaty foreswearing nuclear weapons. tended to establish. On May 18, 1974, Indian told a Senate hearing yesterday that "we've Ikle said his agency does not oppose these scientists detonated a nuclear explosive os­ been had" by nations that used U.S. civilian transactions because of the strict safeguard tensibly designed for peaceful applications. nuclear assistance in their atomic weapons agreements that have been drafted. How­ No valid distinction can be made between a programs. ever, he said the executive branch for a· time purportedly peaceful nuclear explosive and a Fred C. Ikle, director of the Arms Control had agreed to require even strict atomic pro­ nuclear weapon. This position of the United and Disarmament Agency, told the Senate gram controls in connection With the pro­ States was stated to the Indian government Foreign Relations Committee that the United posed sales but later "backed away." before and after the explosion. States has acquired a better understanding Indian actions have severely complicated of the dangers of nuclear exports and has the non-proliferation objectives of the "come a long way in the last three or four NUCLEAR FUEL AND INDIA United States. The Indian explosion is bla.med years" toward better policies. for spurring Pakistan to obtain nuclear fuel However, he declined to make a blanket cycle technology and for encouraging Brazil endorsement of current programs and said HON. CLARENCE D. LONG and Iran to do likewise. For these reasons, U.S. policy should "keep moving ahead." OF MARYLAND our response to India is the first test of In testimony on legislation to reorganize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whether the United Sta.tes has the policy nuclear export procedures, Ikle acknowledged of stemming the spread of nuclear weapons. that U.S. nuclear assistance helped India Tuesday, July 27, 1976 The United States has been a major con­ prepare for its May, 1974, atomic blast, the Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, tributor to India's nuclear developl\1ent. country's first. India's first major atomic power facility, the He said more explicitly than ever before on July 20 I testified before the Nuclear Tarapur Atomic Power Station, was acquired that the United States expects to arrange t:or Regulatory Commission on the question from General Electric and financed With a the removal from India of a large stockpile of of granting an export license for the $72 million U.S. Agency for International spent fuel enough to make 40 to 80 atomic shipment of enriched uranium to India. Development loan. The United States trained bombs-before shipping to India fresh en­ I strongly oppose this and any future over 1100 Indians in nuclear physics and re­ riched uranium for the country's atomic shipment of nuclear fuel to India until lated fields at AEC facilities from 1949 to power reactors. Ikle was optimistic about re­ May, 1974. In the past, the United States moval of the stockpile, saying that "the In­ the Indian Government returns the stockpile of unseparated plutonium ac­ encouraged Ind1'8.'s interest in plutonium re­ dian government would like to be coopera­ cycle technology by training Indians in these tive." quired from the fuel supplied by the techniques. The United States pursued this The Nuclear Regulatory Commission held United States. As my statement below two days of public hearings this week on the course, despite the close connection between makes cleart India has, by its detonation fuel recycle and fuel reprocessing and despite proposed nuclear fuel shipment to India, of a nuclear explosive on May 18, 1974, which is opposed by several environmental the knowledge that India had refused to groups, atomic scientists and arms control shown itself to be an unreliable partner .place its plutonium recovery plant at Trom­ experts. . in nuclear development. Measures must bay under safeguards. Subsequent reserva­ A prominent social scientist before he be taken to avert the use of U.S.-supplied tions concerning the economic viabllity and joined the government in 1973, Ikle expand­ nuclear material in an Indian explosive. proliferation implications of plutonium re­ ed in an interview on his views of U.S. nu­ Failure to act forcefully in this instance cycle have not prevented the use of Ameri­ clear export policy. can-acquired skills to construct India's nu­ will attest to the bankruptcy of the non­ clear explosive. In the 1950s and 1960s the United States proliferation policy presently pursued by was "to exuberant and too cavalier" about American technical and economic assist­ extending civilian nuclear technology the administration and Congress. As ance amounting over the years to $10 billion throughout the world, on the erroneous Membe.rs are aware, I introduced House has freed Indian resources for a nuclear pro­ theory that tight controls on weapons de­ Resolution 951 to create a Select Com­ gram that now undercuts U.S. non-prolifer­ sign and a few other aspects could deal with mittee on Nuclear Proliferation and Nu­ ation goals. We have supplied this aid in the the proliferation problem, Ikle said. clear Export Policy in order to give a new absence of iron-clad assurances that India In hindsight, he said, the United States and more effective direction to U.S. nu­ would not build a nuclear explosive. Despite went too far in helping allies such as France clear policy abroad. The resolution now ample evidence th'8.ot India was moving ahead and West Germany, which are now selling with nuclear explosives the U.S. apparently reactors throughout the world and are plan­ has 141 cosponsors-almost a third of made no attempt, so far as is known on the ning to export sensitive nuclear "reprocess­ the House and half the Democratic mem­ Reoord, to dissuade India in the months ing" plants to some less developed countries. bership. The ambiguities of our policy preceding the explosion. Congress recently passed and President toward India and other nations on the Mr. Eldon Greenburg, counsel for the pe­ Ford signed into law a measure calling for ve.rge of acquiring nuclear weapons tes­ titioners and one who has exhaustively a US. economic and military aid cutoff to tify to the need for prompt consideration searched the public record on our nuclear countries exporting or importing such re­ of my resolution. The text follows: policy toward India, notes in his prepared processing plants-which can produce weap­ statement that, "While in 1970 an aide ons-grade material but there is no indication STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE CLARENCE D. memoire (from the U.S.) was reportedly that this will stop a West German sale to LONG, BEFORE THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY sent to Indlia stating the view that nuclear Brazil, or a French sale to Pakistan. COMMISSION explosives and nuclear weapons were indis­ The United States was "pretty cavalier" I thank the Commission for enabling this tinguishable, it apparently went unanswered. about sharing reprocessing information in ventilation of the urgent issues raised by the The case can be made that U.S. technical previous decades, though it did not export proposed export of enriched uranium to In­ assistance acquired over a number of decades any reprocessing plants. Ikle said. He said dia for use at the Tarapur Atomic Power had been misused for purposes contrary to the United States also gave plutonium, which Station. the American-Indian Agreement for Cooper­ can be used to make bombs, to some coun­ I agree with the Commission that the ation. Our technical know-how, training, tries. An official identified Italy as one of Atomic Energy Act, as amended, provides for hardware and special nuclear material were the plutonium recipients. a periodic re-look at these issues through the given to India with the explicit understand­ American reactors were supplied to "some export licensing process. The long life of ing that all would be used for peaceful pur­ countries which needed them like a hole in agreements for cooperation makes this pro­ poses. It seems now that heavy water sup­ • the head," Ikle said. cedure necessary if we are to take corrective plied by the United States was used in the A U.S. research reactor went to South Viet­ action when warranted by the changing cir­ Canadian CffiUS reactor from which India nam, where it fell into the hands of Com­ cumstances that imperil mankind. produced its explosive. The contract with munist forces when the country fell in the I appear before the Qommission in opposi­ India provided that the heavy water could spting of 1975. A team of U.S. civilian atomic tion to continued nuclear fuel shipments to be used only for "research into and use of officials had removed the nuclear fuel a few India under current arrangements which atomic energy for peaceful purposes.u 24134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 Commissioner Gii insky is persuasive in the more crucial key was in the preparation Massachusetts Aeronautics Commission, and arguing that once we perm.it reprocessing of of potentially explosive nuclear materials in 1940 a member of Governor Saltonstall's irradiated fuel, we abandon effective safe­ using enrichment and reprocessing tech­ three man war-inspired industrial prepared­ guards over the fissionable by-products such nologies. ness committee. a.s plutonium. The temptation to violate an Safeguards that now rely on detection, In 1941, he was called to act ive dut y at existing agreement safeguarding special nu­ however timely, have been outmoded by the request of General Bob Olds who had clear material becomes irresistible when technical advances which may permit a nu­ been given the task of getting lend-lease air­ ready stockpiles of plutonium are available clear fa.it accompli. More forceful approaches planes to England. His first job, as command­ and when a. military threat from a. neighbor­ are required to prevent the spread of nuclear ing officer of the North Atlantic Sect or of ing country is perceived to make the need explosive capability. Olds' Air Corps Ferrying Command, was to for nuclear explosives critical. Diversion for The Commission cannot determine our nu­ represent the United States Army Air Force illicit use could be so rapid that present clear non-proliferation policy. That task in construction of airports at Presque Isle, methods of detection would fall to give ade­ clearly belongs to the executive branch and Maine, Goose Bay Labrador, and Bluie West quate warning. Granted, this is an argument to Congress, which have so. far, unfortu­ One Greenland. During this tour of duty, he for restricting the scope of all fuel reproces­ nately, not seen it as their job to bring proposed and tested the unescorted delivery sing whether or not materials are now sub­ nuclear proliferation under control. Indeed, of fighter aircraft across the Atlantic. Sub­ ject to detection safeguards. they have both done much to make con­ sequently, he represented what had become Nevertheless, India insists on reprocessing trol more difficult. In order, therefore, to the Air Transport Command in a tactical fuel in plants subject to no detection safe­ investigate where our various policies are and logistical survey of a possible air opera­ guards at all and the Administration con­ leading us and to fashion a nuclear export tion again Japan via the Vladivostok Penin­ tinues to ratify these arrangements by ap­ policy that wlll not take us all headlong to sula. proving fuel transfers to India. disaster, I have introduced H. Res. 951 which After leaving the Air Transport Command, RECOMMENDATIONS would establish a Select Committee of Nu­ he was placed in command of a B-17 bom­ bardment group which he trained and de­ I urge postponement of favorable action clear Proliferation and Nuclear Export Pol­ i::!y. Over 140 Members of Congress and 18 livered to the United Kingdom in the sum­ on the pending licen se application (XSNM- mer of 1943. O:i his return he was assigned 845) until the Commission has determined national public policy organizations have en­ dorsed the resolution. to B-29s and given the 498th Bombardment more exacting safeguards to prevent diver­ Group to orga nize. He flew t he second B-29 sion of nuclear material and has stipulated Until legislation has been enacted, how­ ever, the Commission can fulfil its function to land in the Mariannas and in November these as conditions for granting the license. of 1944 led the 498th in the first B-29 raid U .S.-supplied special nuclear material should under the Atomic Energy Act of setting con­ ditions of granting nuclear fuel export li­ against Tok yo. When the war ended, he was a be protected against d iversion at every phase command pilot, assistant chief of staff A-2 of the fuel cycle. If U.S.-supplied fuel, after censes that more effectively safeguard the security of the United States, by refusing to General Rosie O'Donnell, whose 73rd irradiation, were to find its way to an un­ Bomb Wing, t h e fi rst B- 29 unit in the Pacifi c safe~uarded reprocessing facility, the plu­ this license until strict conditions a.re met, the Commission will give the administration had continued to operate against the Jap~ t onium contained in that fuel could be used anese Empire from Isely Field, Saipan. In in nuclear weapons. The Commission's final additional incentive to amend an inadequate and dangerous agreement with India. this last position he had the job of letting action on this license could prudently await the Japanese people know, by leaflets drop­ t he outcome of the Executive Branch's re­ ped from the air, the story of Hiroshima and view of the Tarapur reprocessing facility. what was yet to come . To assure against illicit diversion of spe­ IN 'lRIBUTE TO CROCKER SNOW, DIRECTOR OF AERONAUTICS IN Returning to his previous job after the cial nuclear material, India should be re­ war, he became from time to time president quired to agree to U.S. repurchase of all ir­ THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSA­ of the Niational Association of State Aviation radiated fuel from Tarapur by the United CHUSETTS Officials, chairman of the Conference of Na­ States. Such repurchase would prevent an tional Aviation Organizations, consultant to addition to any plutonium stockpiled by the the Airways Modernization Board and the Indian government. Admittedly, under a re­ HON. JOSEPH D. EARLY Federal Aviation Administration, a member purchase agreement the U .S. would have to OF MASS ACHUSETTS of the Harvard College Visiting Committee store and dispose of highly toxic mate;rial at I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the Department of Military, Naval, and considerable expense and risk. However, the. Air Sciences, U.S. delegate t o the Intern a­ quantity of spent fuel discharged from the Tuesday, July 27, 1976 tional Bureau for General Aviation of the Tarapur reactors, while containing plutoni­ Mr. . EARLY. Mr. Speaker, few men Federation Aeronautique Internationale, a um for a large number of nuclear bombs, director of the National Aeronautic Associa­ represents a small percentage of the nuclear have ccntribut2d more to the develop­ in tion. president of the Harvard Aviation Foun­ waste material which the U.S. now regularly ment of civil and military aviation dation, chairman of the New England Coun­ handles domestically. the ;:J Ublic interest than has Crocker cil Air Transportation Committee, a consul­ Clearly, the United States should refuse Snow, director of aeronautics for the tant to Transportation Secretary Volpe, and permission to reprocess irradiated fuel of State of Massachusetts. Mr. Snow will chairman of the President's Aviation Ad­ U .S.-origin in Indian fac1lities. Albert Wohl­ be retiring this year after 50 years of visory Commission, which was created bv the stetter has concluded in a study commis­ achievement and service, both to the Airport and Airway Develooment Act of ·1970. sioned by the Arms Control and Disarma­ He presently is chairman of the New England ment Agency that countries may accumulate Commonwealth of Massaehusetts and to the Nation. In tribute to his service and Conference of State Aviation Officials and a. large quantities of reprocessed material with­ director of the National Pilots Association. out necessarily violating international safe­ dedication I include, at this point in the He is married to the former Janice guards. This stored nuclear material could RECORD , a brief history of Mr. Snow's Vaughan, has 3 children, several grandchil­ be fabricated rapidly into a nuclear explo­ accomplishments. I know I speak for dren, and numerous auadrupeds, lives in sive within a week after the decision to di­ m any in my State when I offer my sin­ Ipswich, and commutes to work in his vert. Thus, if reprocessing is permitted, In­ cere thanks to Crocker Snow for his un­ ei~hth successive personal airplane-a Na­ ternational Atomic Energy Agency safeguards precedented accomplishments and his vion. His current pasttimes are exoerimentaJ would not provide timely warning of diver­ category II landings, polo, and skiing. sion of special nuclear material. commitment to avaition: I conclude by urging the Commission to TRIBUTE TO CROCKER SNOW play a more active and assertive role vis-a.­ Crocker Snow, Director of Aeronautics for CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK vis the Executive Branch in halting the the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, has spread of nuclear weapons capability. The been actively engaged in civil and military Commission should be more outspoken in flying since he graduated from Harvard in HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH advising the Executive Branch to make ap­ 1926. Born in Boston, he helped to recreate propriate changes in existing agreements for the Harvard Flying Club, first established in OF NEW YORK cooperation and in setting conditions for the 1910, and gained his first flying experience IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES export of special nuclear material that bet­ with the Club, with his older brother, who Wednesday, July 21, 1976 ter assure against its diversion for illicit pur­ had flown with tl1e Royal Flying Corps in poses. the first war, and with the Massachusetts Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, in proclaim­ The official non-prollferation policy of the Air National Guard. ing the week of July 18 as Captive United States is seriously flawed. In a story After college, he became president of Sky­ Nations Week, we, the Members of Con­ reported in today's (July 20th) Baltimore ways, Inc., one of New England's first and gress, ~oth mourn and celebrate, grieve Sun, Arms Control Agency Director Fred largest fixed base operations, with headquar­ Ikle argued that the U.S. contributed for a ters at the Boston Airport, and airports of and :reJoice, lament and exult. generation to the global spread of nuclear its own from Cape Cod to Portland, Maine. We mourn the fact that the non- . weapons technology. The company sold its assets, in the late 30s, Russian nations of the Soviet Union According to Ikle, the U.S. thought the to E.W. Wiggins Airways, Inc. continue to be held in subjugation con­ key to developing nuclear weapons was 1n In 1939, after writing the first compre­ trary to the principle of self-determina­ the design of the actual explosive. Only hensive aeronautical law for Massachusetts, tion. recently have officials come to reallze that he became Director of the newly created We celebrate the idea that thousands July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS. OF REMARKS 24135 of escapees from captive nations have crop is deteriorating and rotting for lack of welfare benefits by tracing how much money emigrated to the United States to be­ pickers. was earned.in the fields. come American citizens and active par­ Arthur Galletta, president of the Atlantic Mrs. Brady said New Jersey blueberry ticipants in our democratic process. Blueberry Company here, said the other day growers used 5,500 day-haul workers a year, that he had lost 80 acres of berries worth 4,500 of them from out of state, mostly We grieve that the satellit.e countries $100,000 so far this season. Philadelphia. of Eastern Europe continue to be ruled "If the situation is not corrected quickly," Of about 100 crew leaders who seek licenses by tyrannical minority Communist elites. he said, "all hand-picked fruit and vegetable from the State and the Federal Department We rejoice that those descended from crops in New Jersey will be placed in jeop­ of Labor about May 1 each year, he said, all Poles, Ukrainians, and other Eastern ardy." were registered quickly by New Jersey. but Europeans have brought a piece of their He said that could cost New Jersey fruit licensing by the Federal Department.has oeen heritage with them to the United States and vegetable growers $10 million this year, much slower. and have shared it with those of us from "including $2 million for blueberry growers," Joseph Cassidy of the Philadelphia office different ethnic backgrounds. and "raise retail prices sky high." of the department's licensing agency said We lament at the thought that the He noted that some stores in the East many crew leaders had been slow in provid­ populations of numerous different and had been selling early New Jersey blueberries ing federally required proof of adequate in­ distinct nationalities are held captive for 89 cents and 99 cents a pint. If the full surance on their vehicles. under the guise of an organization which crop were being picked, he said, the retail "There is no way we can send them out on calls itself the Union of Soviet Socialist price would be no more than 59 cents. the road without it," he sa,id, "because if A delegation of New Jersey growers and they got in an accident there would be no Republics. officials of the State Department of Labor insurance for the migrants being trans­ We exult in the fact that the residents and Industry met late today in Washington ported." of the United States who have emigrated with Federal authorities and a court-ap­ Mr. Sheridan said that the delegation sent from captive nations have made great pointed committee to attempt to unsnarl the to Washington felt that licensing by New contributions to the world in the fields situation. Jersey was sufficient and that Federal licens­ of science, education, literature, and Mr. Sheridan blamed, a "stupid, bureau­ ing was time-consuming and superfluous. athletics. cratic foulup" by the Federal Department of Mr. Galletta said the delegation hoped to But most of all, we, the Members of Labor for new regulations that had kept persuade the committee to suppbrt the desire Congress, we, the citizens of the United many day-haul workers from the fields of of the state and growers to eliminate dupli­ South Jersey since the harvest began three cation in licensing and to put any day-haul States, we, the unoppressed people of the weeks ago. Mr. Galletta, whose 1,000-acre supervisory office in Hammonton rather than world, must hope. blueberry farm is the largest in the world, Philadelphia to speed the dellvery o:r iaoor We must hope that the workmen of called it "over-regulation." to the fields. Poland, the farmers of the Ukraine, that Day-haul workers are so named because all of those who are oppressed in the crew leaders "haul" them from the cities, captive nations of the world, will some where they live, by bus or station wagon to day be free--free to express their own the fields and return them the same day. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS opinions, free to share their wonderful MOST FROM PHILADELPHIA REPORTED

heritage, free to contribute their vast Winifred Brady, assistant director of the J knowledge, free as people are in the employment service, said that on June 10, United States of America. the day New Jersey's two-month harvest sea­ HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN May liberty be theirs. son began, the Federal Department of Labor OF ILLINOIS notified the state that the placement service for day-haul workers had to be conducted in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Philadelphta oecause most workers lived Tuesday, July 27, 1976 LET THEM WORK there. She said the department had informed New Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, the final HON. JAMES M. COLLINS Jersey and Pennsylvania that it was setting results of my fourth annual questionnaire OF TEXAS up this new day-haul supervisory office to are in and I think they will interest you comply with a 1973 order by Judge Charles and all my colleagues. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES R. Richey of the Federal District Court in My constituents in the 17th District Tuesday, July 27, 1976 the District of Columbia. of Illinois really sounded off this year. He ordered the Labor Department and the Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, State Employment Offices it finances to stop The poll was delivered to more than I eat blueberries and love them. But this discriminating against farm workers by fail­ 160,000 homes and the reply rate was year they have been high priced and ing to inform them, as it does workers in about 8.5 percent. By changing the for­ harder to get. The answer came from a other fields, of the availability of nonfarm mat of the questionnaire, I also allowed story I read in the New York Times. jobs, counseling, t esting, job training and people to give more detailed answers to One blueberry farmer said he had al­ other services. a greater variety of questions. ready lost $100,000 because of lack of To monitor compliance with his order that For example, instead of answering pickers. New Jersey is a big blueberry seasonal farm workers receive the full range of Labor Department Employment Services, just "yes" or "no," they could respond State. It is a hand-picked crop. Judge Richey established a seven-man special with a range of replies from a "strong The difficulty is that it takes the bu­ review coifunittee. yes" to a "strong no" to a "no opinion." reaucrats too long to explain to workers David 0. Williams, deputy director of the It should come as no surprise that the each day about job availability of non­ United States Employment Service, said the issue of paramount concern was Federal farm jobs, counseling, testing, job train­ New Jersey and Pennsylvania employment spending. As the tables below show, voters ing, and other services. The employment services had been staffing ":;he new Philadel­ in my district indicated that they wanted service is striving to meet the Federal phia office since it opened Tuesday to notify increased spending op only national de­ judges' orders and are getting complete all who mustered there for field work at 5 fense, energy research, and Jobs creation. job applications with full interviews. A.M. dally of the terms and conditions of their work as harvest hands and of other In the remaining categories they wanted I would like to suggest that these in­ jobs and services available. the current budget continued or de­ terviews and applications be processed The new office will take a full job applica­ creased. on the days that an unemt>loyment per­ tion form and provide interview for each day­ They wanted Congress to exercise son comes in and there are no jobs avail­ haul worker who wants it, he said. stricter oversight of our intelligence net­ able. With our bureaucratic requirements This causes so much delay, Mr. Sheridan work and make it illegal to leak congres­ it is quite apparent why unemployment said, that many berries are not picked in sional secrets. They want more jobs, but is high in New Jersey and why blueber­ time. would rather they originated in the pri­ ries are rotting on the ground. Here are It is nonsense in any case, he said, because vate sector than the public works, and some of the high poin ts of a story by most day-haul pickers are welfare recipients they wanted limits placed on foreign in­ Donald Janson in the New York Times: who are not interested in full-time work. vestments in the United States. They op­ LACK OF PICKERS BECAUSE OF FEDERAL RULES MANY SAID TO SHUN OFFICE posed foreign aid and wanted more out CALLED HARD BLOW TO STATE BLUEBERRY Many in this category, he said, will stay CROP away from the new office and field work as of our relationships with Russia and (By Donald Janson) well now, because they must apply for work China but they wanted to stay in the HAMMONTON, July 8.-A significant part of by name, address and Social Security num­ United Nations. They wanted to register New Jersey's multimillion-dollar blueberry ber, information that could be used to cut guns, but not ban them and they wanted 24136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 mandatory prison terms for using a gun ·Of the results for Will, Kankakee, and gether make up my district. I know my in crime. Iroquois Counties and the Bloom Town­ oonstirtuents would want me to share The following is a complete breakdown ship portion of Cook County that to- them with you:

Much Much more More Same Less less Much Much more More Same less less I. SHOULD THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 17. Welfare: SPEND ON: District totaL ______Iroquois ______2 3 12 26 57 1. Total bUtlf!et: Kankakee ______0 1 7 37 55 District totaL ______2 5 25 41 27 Will______------1 4 9 27 59 Iroquois ______------0 1 29 46 24 Bloom ______2 3 13 25 57 Kankakee ______------2 1 29 43 25 2 5 13 26 54 Will_ __ ------____ ------2 7 23 42 26 II. SHOULD CONGRESS ..• Bloom ______------2 7 25 31 35 2. Conservation: Strong No Strong District totaL ______1. Limit foreign investments in the yes Yes opinio 1 No no 10 29 45 12 4 United States? ------Iroquois ______------4 27 46 23 0 District totaL ______------__ Kankakee ______------7 29 46 13 5 Iroquois ______38 27 10 19 6 WilL ______------12 28 45 11 4 Kankakee ______35 27 13 20 5 Bloom ______------45 28 13 33 41 8 5 Will______------6 18 3 3. Education: Bloom ______36 28 11 18 7 District totat______12 26 44 13 5 35 24 7 26 8 Iroquois ______------2. Ease taxes on private companies 7 27 49 15 2 that expand and create jobs? Kankakee ______------12 26 45 12 5 District total______Will______-- 12 25 45 4 Iroquois ______24 44 8 18 6 14 18 Bloom _____ ------______11 32 39 9 9 Kankakee ______------______47 11 20 4 4. Energy research: 24 42 8 23 will_ __ ------3 District total______-- __ ------27 40 23 7 3 Bloom ______26 44 7 16 7 1roq uois ______---- 23 47 5 19 43 31 7 0 3. Use taxes to create jobs through 20 5 22 40 26 9 3 public works programs? K~n~a_k_e_e_-~~======29 • 39 22 6 4 District totaL ______Bloom . ______30 41 18 8 3 Iroquois ______13 27 8 27 25 5. Farm price supports: Kankakee ______9 28 8 35 20 District total______4 10 31 31 Will______16 27 10 27 20 24 13 Iroquois_------10 16 32 23 19 Bloom ______28 8 24 27 13 26 4 Kankakee ______------3 13 32 32 20 4, Make it a Federal crime to leak, 33 24 WilL ______------4 9 31 31 25 without authorization, secrets re- Bloom ______------__ 4 7 26 33 30 vealed in congressional testimony? 6. Food stamps: District totaL ______District totaL ______------1 3 48 23 11 11 7 10 28 58 Iroquois ___ ------______46 1roquois_ _------0 0 8 34 58 Kankakee ______5 15 22 2 Kankakee ______------0 2 10 30 58 Will______46 25 15 11 3 WilL ______------1 3 48 22 9 11 10 Bloom ______---- 11 26 59 Bloom ______1 3 8 30 58 51 25 7 7 10 7. Foreign aid: • 5. Allow Federal Government to regu- District total______late sale of farm exports? 0 1 13 30 56 District totaL ______Iroquois______------0 3 13 32 13 24 11 27 25 52 Iroquois ______------1 Kankakee ____ -- __ ------0 0 15 35 50 Kankakee ______16 11 22 50 Will ___ ------1 I 13 29 56 Will ______8 25 10 30 27 Bloom ______------____ -- 1 0 13 28 58 Bloom ______16 25 11 26 22 8. Health care: 15 27 14 23 6. Exercise stricter surveillance over 21 14 26 35 16 9 CIA, FBI, and other intelligence pj;~~~}st~~~~-~== == ~======5 17 56 18 4 gathering agencies? Kankakee ____ ------11 22 38 16 13 District totaL ______WilL ______------15 26 26 32 8 21 13 Bloom ______-- 34 17 8 Iroquois ______14 33 31 13 9 Kankakee ______19 34 8 21 18 9. Housing: 27 33 9 18 Will ______------__ 13 District total______---- 4 10 28 31 27 Bloom ______27 30 9 23 11 1roquois ______------0 24 31 5 22 9 29 40 22 7. Act lo amend the Constitution to 18 Kakakee ------5 11 30 29 25 ban abortion? WilL ______------5 8 27 32 28 District totaL ______Bloom ______------2 13 25 27 33 Iroquois ______23 9 12 23 33 10. Jobs creation: Kankakee ______17 11 14 20 38 District total______------14 26 l 23 19 18 32 9 11 21 27 1roquois __ ------12 23 26 26 13 Will ------22 8 11 24 35 Kankakee~- ______------14 28 21 17 20 Bloom ______------18 7 16 26 33 WilL ______------15 25 8. Act to amend the Constitution to 24 18 18 ban forced busing of children? Bloom ___ ------12 28 23 19 18 District totaL ______11. National defense: 72 15 2 6 5 District total______------Iroquois ------73 14 21 29 34 9 7 Kankakee ______------2 7 4 1roquois ______------20 29 41 4 6 72 18 2 4 4 Kankakee ______------20 23 41 9 7 Will ------71 14 2 7 6 WilL ______, ___ -- __ ------22 32 31 Bloom ______------74 13 1 5 7 Bloom ______------______8 7 9. Work for more benefits in our re- 19 24 33 14 10 12. Pollution control: lations with Russia? District totaL ______District totaL ______13 24 39 16 8 24 41 12 15 8 Iroquois ______------23 51 Iroquois __ -----__ ------3 23 30 30 14 Kankakee ______------__ 11 10 5 Kankakee ______------11 25 35 23 21 40 13 17 9 6 Will ___ ~- ______------Will______------15 24 41 13 7 25 43 10 15 7 Bloom ______------11 25 46 12 6 Bloom ______------22 35 15 14 14 13. Social security: 10. Work for more benefits in our re- lations with China? District totaL ______------13 22 43 12 10 District totaL ______1roquois_ _------6 16 56 13 9 23 43 14 13 7 Kankakee ______------12 22 47 12 7 IroquoisKankakee ______------_ 23 51 12 6 8 WilL ____ ----__ ------14 22 41 20 44 14 Bloom ______! ______12 11 15 7 11 23 48 7 11 Will_Bloom ______------_ 25 43 13 12 7 14. Space technology: 21 37 18 14 10 District total______5 11. In order to get more money for social Iroquois ______---- 13 32 25 25 1 11 27 28 33 security, should Congress: Kankakee ______------2 9 30 35 24 (a) Raise the payroll tax rate? 5 14 District total______4 10 WillBloom ______------_ 36 22 23 Iroquois ______6 30 50 8 15 26 22 29 0 5 18 28 49 15. Transportation: Kankakee __ ------District total______2 10 8 38 42 18 35 25 17 WilL _____ ------6 11 5 27 51 Iroquois __ ------22 45 18 10 Bloom ___ ------___ _ 4 10 6 37 43 Kankakee ______-- __ -- __ -- 19 32 26 17 (b) Raise the amount of earn­ WilL __ ------17 34 26 18 ings taxed for the pro- Bloom ______------19 40 19 15 gram? 16. Veteran benefits: . District total______Iroquois ______13 23 8 23 33 District totaL ______------10 20 53 12 5 11 22 16 28 23 Iroquois__------1 23 65 10 Kankakee __ ------13 25 8 Kankakee __ ------______-- 1 24 30 12 16 52 15 5 WilL _____ ------12 24 7 21 36 WilL ____ ------9 22 Bloom ____ ------___ _ Bloom ______------______54 10 5 18 16 12 26 28 9 18 52 14 7 24137 July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

No Strong No Strong Strong Strong yes Yes opinion No no yes Yes opinion No n·o

Iroquois ______14 9 6 29 42 (c) Use money from general Kankakee ______17 10 3 21 49 tax re venues? 7 18 23 Will______------25 8 3 24 40 District total ______21 31 Bloom ______30 7 2 22 39 Iroquois ____ ------11 30 12 22 25 Kankakee ______•___ 33 10 19 19 (c) Man:latory prison terms for 19 a gun ip a crime? Will______---- __ ---- 23 29 6 18 24 carry in~ 6 18 21 D1stnct totaL ______79 16 1 2 2 Bloom ___ ---- __ ------19 36 Iroquois ______57 29 6 4 4 Ka nkakee ______111. WOULD YOU • • • 76 19 2 1 2 Will______82 14 1 1 2 1. Favor a cu(in Federal spending even Bloom ______80 13 1 3 3 if it meant cutting some programs (d) Waiting period before a per- you approve of? District totat______41 39 5 12 3 son can purchase a gun? 4 7 0 District total______51 29 5 8 7 Iroquois ______------36 43 I roq u:iis ______33 37 4 21 5 Kankakee ______36 45 6 10 3 3 Ka nkakee ______43 34 7 11 5 Will______------46 34 5 12 33 . 4 16 3 Will _____ ------____ 56 27 4 6 7 Bloom ______------44 Bloom ______58 26 2 5 9 2. Favor continuing our membership in (e) No gun legislation? the United Nations? District totaL ______: 15 9 6 23 47 District totaL ______21 42 7 13 17 2 20 17 Iroquois __ ------__ 14 25 6 28 27 Iroquois ______---- __ ------19 42 Kankakee ______------16 10 8 21 45 Kankakee ______-- __ ------24 40 7 17 12 8 11 19 WilL __ ------15 9 5 21 50 Will ______------·- ---- 22 40 Bloom ______11 5 6 27 51 Bloom ______------16 45 9 14 16 3. Buy stock in American companies if IV. HOW MUCH HAS YOUR FAMILY you got a tax break for doing so? District totaL ______30 33 14 16 7 BE EN AFFECTED BY • •• 24 15 4 Iroquois __ ------16 41 Very much Much None Little Very little Kankakee ______-- __ 24 37 15 16 8 32 33 12 15 8 WilL ______------5 (a) Inflation? Bloom ______31 29 16 19 District totaL ______46 37 2 13 2 4. Favor permittin~ military personnel Iroquois ______------___ _ 50 36 1 13 0 to form and join unions? Kankakee ______46 37 1 15 1 District totaL ______---- ____ 2 3 5 22 68 68 WilL ______------__ __ 46 39 1 11 3 Iroquois ______------0 1 4 27 Bloom ______47 26 5 21 1 2 3 7 27 61 Kankakee ______-- __ ------(b) Unem~loyment? 2 3 5 18 72 District totaL ______------Will_Bloom ______------70 9 11 37 20 23 1' 1 3 25 Iroquois __ ----- ____ ---- ______6 4 40 18 32 5. With reference to gun control, would Kankakee ______------11 13 33 17 26 you favor- WilL ______------9 11 36 23 21 (a) Registration of handgu11s? Bloom ______7 13 32 17 31 District totaL ______41 23 4 12 20 Iroquois ______(c) Street crime? 19 39 6 15 21 District totaL ______------____ 12 13 28 27 20 5 11 24 Kankakee __ ------40 20 Iroquois __ ------__ 5 4 28 35 28 WilL ___ _------43 21 4 11 21 Kankakee ______------__ 11 15 25 30 19 Bloom ___------45 26 3 15 11 Will _____ ----______14 14 26 23 23 (b) Banning handguns except Bloom ______-- - -___ _ 8 14 37 32 9 for ~olice? District total______24 3 23 42

t he way classified documents were being likely to she.re the information the legisla­ STOPPING THE LEAKS handled. Proper security procedures for the tive needs. Anything presented to congres­ documents were not followed, as he sees it. sional panels is subject to being in the head­ Now that someone has seen fit to defy a lines within hours and when this is true, HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE vote of the House and let this report be government omcials must choose between be­ OF TEXAS published, Milford says he feels that there is ing candid with the Congress or fulfilling IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a cloud on every member of the committee their sworn responsibll1ty to protect national and 1ts staff. security. Tuesday, July 27, 1976 "We would like the guilty party discovered This is not healthy for the Congress, for Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, recently so that the rest of our names may be cleared," the agencies themselves or for the nation. the Dallas Morning News printed an he told the ethics panel. To change the situation for the better, Con­ editorial by Dick West, the editorial di­ Milford suggested that the best way to gress must a.ct effectively-we say again, ef­ do that is to call SChorr himself as a witness. fectively-to fulfill its own responsibilities. rector, concerning Congressman DALE The reporter was not acting as a newsman, Another whitewash won't do it. Neither will MILFORD'S efforts in trying to get the the congressman pointed out, since he merely a wrist-tap. It is time for Congress to find House of Representatives to act effec­ took the document and passed it on. and stop the leaks and to punish severely tively in the handling of classified mate­ " If Mr. Schorr answers these questions, the the guilty parties. rial. (ethics) committee will have finished its I believe Mr. West's remarks are worthy work and can so report to the House," he of careful consideration by each Mem­ sa.id. "Even if he does not answer the ques­ ber of Congress. tions, I do not see how this committee can Mr. West's editorial follows: report back to the House without having SURVEY ON THE OCCUPATIONAL asked them." SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT STOPPING THE LEAKS The leaking of classified information has ~epresentative Dale Milford is trying to for too long been considered as little more move the Congress to get its own house in than a harmless prank. And the habit has HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY order regarding the handling of classified done more than put the members and staff information. of the intelligence panel under a cloud, it OF NEW YORK He hasn't had too much luck in that di­ has put the legislative branch itself under IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rection yet, but he i!; right to try. And we a cloud. Tuesday, July 27, 1976 sincerely hope that he goes on trying. What is at stake is nothing less than the The specific instance that concerns him Congress' access to sensitive information. Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. is the leaking of the House Intelligence Most of the critically important data on the Speaker, the purpose of the Occupational Committee's final report to CBS newsman operations of the military, diplomatic and. Safety and Health Act of 1970-0SHA­ Daniel SChorr. The House had voted to keep intelligence agencies of this country must be the report confidential, but someone gave is to decrease the great number of work­ kept confidential, and it is also vital that related deaths and injuries by establish­ the report to the TV man, who then passed Congress be informed on what is going on. In it on to a New York newspaper. ing safety and health standards. No Milford was a member of the committee the present situation, the two requirements doubt the intent of this law is com­ which probed the operation of U.S. intel­ cannot both be met. So long as Congress and its staff continue mendable but there are countless prob­ ligence agencies. In testimony before the lems concerning its application and en­ House Ethics Committee the other day, he to leak national secrets at every opportunity, said that he was worried at the time about the chiefs of these executive agencies are un- forcement. 24138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 At my request, the Greater New York should be available for onsite consulta­ sensus that the OSHA regulations are Automobile Dealers recently conducted tion with small businessmen to assist not clearly defined or easily understood. a survey of its members' views on OSHA. t hem in complying with the regulations The results of this questionnaire tend I would like to present a tabulation of before they are cited for violations. to confirm my earlier findings from a these results at this time. Moreover, the majority of the respond­ similar survey of small businesses in my As you can see from the following ents feel that observance of the regula­ congressional district. A summary of that table, there are no sharp divisions among tions results in undue economic hard­ survey appears on page 13715 of the May the automobile dealers. There is unani­ ship for individual businesses. Most im­ 12, 1976, issue of the CONGRESSIONAL mous agreement that OSHA inspectors portantly, there is almost complete con- RECORD.

Employers whose Employers whose Employers whose prem ises ha ve Employers whose premises have premises have not been prem ises have not been been inspected been inspected Com posi te been inspected been inspected Composite Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

1. Are OSHA regulations clearly defi ned an d 7. Should grants or loans be made available understandable? ______- -__-- 13 23 1. 0 18 to small businessmen and fa rmers to 2. Does imposition of OSHA standards se rve enable them to comply with OSHA the purpose of protecting the safety of regulations? ______------__ 13 .o 21 2 17. 0 workers? ______------_------15 4. 5 11 8. Do you believe it is the Government's 3. In your view, does compliance place undue responsibility to protect the safety and economic hardship on individual firms? _ 13 23 18. 0 4. Should inspectors, after giving a citation ~~~l~~s~f? ~~~~~r:_ ~~~~u-~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~ - 10 14 5. 5 12 to an employer, be compelled to outline 9. How many times has your establ ishment procedures for correcting violations? ____ 14 24 19. 0 been inspected? ______------______5. Should OSHA be compelled to develop an 10. Did the inspector give you advance notice • economic impact statement for its of his intention to inspect before he standards? ______-- __ __ ---- arrived? ______14 24 19. 0 0 14 ------6. Should consultations between OSHA 11. Did inspector show credentials? ______13 1 ------experts and employers be conducted so 12. Did inspector meet with appropriate official of your company?______as to avoid an employer's fear of being 12 2 ------cited? ______-- __ ------14 24 0 19. 0 13. Did you receive any citations?______5 9 ------14. Were you given reasonable amount of time to correct violations?______- -,. 0 ------

HEW AND RULEMAKERS supports the oversight process. But un­ indicated that he will hold at least one fortunately gives Congress bad marks for additional hearing on rulemaking legis­ failure to exercise it effectively. On the lation now before our committee. The HON. DEL CLAWSON other hand, a study of the history of addition of specific congressional veto OF CALIFORNIA the exercise of the veto authority of ex­ provisions to authorization bills approved IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES isting laws indicates that fears of con­ by the 94th Congress is a piecemeal ap­ Tuesday, July 27, 1976 gressional abuse of the veto power seem proach indicating support of the prin­ unfounded. Of 350 resolution of disap­ ciple, but it is certainly not the most ef­ Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, per­ proval from 1960 through 1975, a com­ ficient way to go about resolving these fect agreement is especially elusive for paratively small number have been procedural questions. The editorial from lawmakers in our dealings with the press adopted and many of these were in re­ this morning's Washington Post is in­ and a good argument can be made for the sponse to Presidential requests to defer serted at this point in the RECORD: desirability of that state of affairs no expenditures under the Budget Reform matter how frustrating we may find it Act. HEW AND RULEMA.NIA on occasion. Certainly it keeps us on our To the assumption that Congress does There's a rule that says you can and a rule toes and if the critical propensity of the t hat says you can't and a rule that says if press is evenly applied, with no favorites, not have the time or resources to devote you don't within 60 days you will have to the resulting opening of the democratic to this "essentially executive" function, forfeit your federal benefit and pay a penalty process to scrutiny can be beneficial for it should be emphasized that the staff for every day you are in default from the day all concerned. Accordingly the editorial expertise already exists and the antici­ of notification-all subject, of course, to re­ pated relatively small number of rules view provided that application for review is which appeared in this morning's Wash­ made within 30 days of the date of this rul­ ington Post is welcomed for the agree­ and regulations which would elicit dis­ approval should not tax that capacity. ing. Understand? Because so many people ment indicated with some of the points who deal with public programs have an­ raised by congressional sponsors of legis­ To the assumption that "Congress being swered simply, and defea.tedly. No, t he great lation to provide methods for congres­ Congress, the lobbies would have an even engine of government has finally begun to do sional veto of rules and regulations better shot than they now do at bending something about its mlnd-boggling output the rules to fit limited parochial inter­ of rules. These, according to President Ford, which are inconsistent with legislative t ake up more than 40,000 pages of fine print intent. The comments regarding the new ests" it is well to cite the m arked lack of interest in this legislation by interest a year, merely to promulgate, and once in rulemaking procedures announced by the a while, as everyone knows, a real lulu will Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel­ groups noted for cozy relationships with hit the front pages-as in the recent HEW fare are in line with remarks I made in their regulators in the bureaucracy. ruling (now suspended) that Father/ Son or the House of Representatives yesterday. . If Congress is faulted for "complicated Moth er/ Daughter social functions could not The editorial, however, does indicate a laws" is it suggested that we pass even be sponsored b y public schools unles.s such schools wished to risk a loss of federal funds lack of information concerning the intent more complicated laws destroying flexi­ because they were violating anti-sexual-dis- of legislation sponsored by a majority of bility of the executive branch in carrying crimination law. · the Members of this House which I be­ out the laws? The howls from the bu­ I t struck us as something of an irony, or lieve calls for response. First, the assump­ reaucracy would be immediate and not perhaps just a demonstration of the dur­ tion that "legislators do not have the time without justification. On the other hand, ability and reach of t he nutty rule-making or resources to devote to this essentially Congress is faulted for laws which are machine, that t his latter ruling came out of executive function." What is proposed too vague, in effect "passing the buck" to HEW. That is because HEW Secretary David in our legislation is essentially an expan­ the bureaucracy. It is a case of "damned Mathews is known to be an unabashed zea­ lot on the subject of simplifying t h e t angle sion of the oversight process, applying on if you do" and "clamned if you don't" but of rules h is department puts out--so much a uniform basis to all rules and regula­ it becomes increasingly clear to many of so, in fact, that he has regularly been crit­ tions procedures which have been applied us that there is a crying need to resolve icized for (1) backing down on strict re­ selectively for some time now in laws al­ these questions once and for all. There­ quirements for compliance with the pro­ ready on the books. We are pleased to fore we are particularly pleased that the grams HEW administers and (2) permitt1 ng note that the editorial by implication chairman of the Rules Committee has himself to become transfixed by a minor July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24139 aspect of HEW's operation to the detriment applauded and-ideally-followed by his col­ tial heal th services are shortended, fire, po­ lice and many other services are under­ of other busines~ over which he ought to be leagues. presiding. So we were not greatly surprised staffed. The environment needs attention; to learn the other day that Secretary homes and stores are deteriorating. Thou­ Mathews has now come forward with some CITIZENS AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS sands need work; there is work to be done, new procedures for simplifying and rational­ but we haven't found the public intelligence IN MICHIGAN ORGANIZE BEHIND to put them together. izing the HEW rule output. The first thing THE HAWKINS-HUMPHREY FULL we will say about the secretary's propos:i.ls We find it difficult to believe that the in­ is that they represent a sound step forward. EMPLOYMENT BILL dustrial, labor, academic and political lead­ The second is that they do not amount to ership of Michigan cannot or will not find the counter-revolution; they a.mount to a ways to solve this problem. We are familiar modest and sensible attempt to get the thing HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. with arguments for inaction. There are under control. OF MICHIGAN those who argue that we inevitably will have Secretary Mathews has listed a number of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES either inflation or unemployment, and be­ changes his department intends to make in cause infiation affects more people, therefore, the way it formulates its rules. They seek to Tuesday, July 27, 1976 unemployment is preferable. The thesis ap­ make the rule-devising process more accessi­ Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, a group pears false because currently we have both ble to the people who will have to enforce or of citizens in metropolitan Detroit have unemployment and inflation. If we can have abide by those rules in the field. They also both, we can also have neither. seek to make the rules themselves, once de­ launched one of the most impressive Others argue that it is in the self-interest vised, more accessible to everyone concerned projects of social and political action of business to have large numbers of unem­ by putting them into that strange and anti­ that I have had the privilege of being as­ ployed people to keep labor costs down and bureaucratic tongue known as the English sociated with. They are organizing both to keep working class people under control. language. In a grand and star spangled sense, employee and unemployed people around If that is true, we condemn such self-inter­ all this has to do with getting the public the issue of full employment and eco­ est. If it is not true, then now is the time to into policy-making, achieving consensus, nomic justice, and are working closely give the lie to this argument. Otherwise, making democracy work and the rest. From Americans must face strong evidence that a more practical worm's eye view there are with Detroit's religious community. our economic system is socially and morally ' other advantages. An awful lot of free, un­ Spearheaded by the Detroit Industrial a failure. tapped knowledge is floating around this Mission, which sponsored in May an in ... If unemployment is not forthrightly ad­ country concerning the programs HEW ad­ terfaith conference on full employment, dressed and full employment remains a ministers, and the newly formulated pro­ the Michigan Interfaith Full Employ­ hollow promise, the prospects for our so­ cedures should permit the government to tap ment Committee has already enlisted ciety are grim.. Already unemployment is that knowledge-the nuts and bolts stuff several hundreds members, disseminated threatening the progress made in race rela­ about how nursing home care or day care or information about the Hawkins-Hum­ tions as the numerous conflicts of seniority any of a multitude of grant programs really with affirmative action indicate. It threatens works. This way a lot of predictable anguish phrey full employment bill, conducted other aspects of our lives. Family life deterio­ and foolishness could be avoided. And so workshops on economic issues, and is rates; increasing numbers of people feel could a lot of recrimination, since people now in the process of meeting with local, worthless, insignificant and desperate. Crime could no longer complain as they now do State, and Federal officials to develop increases; respect for one another's person (and often with much merit) th.at no one ways to deal with the unemployment and property loosens; law is mocked, leaders told them in advance how the thing was crisis. It should be no surprise that such ridiculed. Those who have jobs are fearful supposed to work and no one asked them how an organization has formed in metro­ of losing them. The potential is social chaos it should be administered. politan Detroit which last year had an and the demise Of democracy as we know it. Secretary Mathews, never mind his zea­ We therefore address a call to the eco­ lotry, is not the first or only public figure to official average unemployment rate of nomic and political leadership of Detroit and have leapt into this morass. Former Gov. 17.4 percent, among teenagers an unem­ Michigan. We know that much must be done Carter of Georgia has had something to say ployment rate of 50 percent, and which nationally. We know there ls movement at about it, and so have President Ford and today, despite the heralded economic the federal level; for example-the current Ronald Reagan. Perhaps more important, recovery in the Nation, suffers an official Humphrey-Hawkins Bill for full employ­ though less center-stage in a political way jobless rate of 14 percent. ment. But we feel there is also too much and certainly a whole lot quieter, has been Recognizing that chronic unemploy­ waiting for Washington to act. Our region the effort of the folks over at the Federal has the resources, the brains, the structure Register to bring lucidity to the rules they ment contributes to every major problem through which to act. We have, above all, the print. Under the direction of Mr. Fred J. in society-the financial insolvency of need. Emery they have for some time now been our cities and the distintegration of We call on the Governor and the Michi­ moving to dewhereas their product and also communities; the divisions along class gan Legislature to establish a commission to instruct both the bureaucracy and the and ethnic lines that arise as a result of with power to act to share the jobs we have, public in ways of making the Register more widespread economic insecurity; the in­ to create jobs by setting people to work on useful. But the Federal Register can't make tolerable demoralization of the young; the needs of the state, to demand of the fed­ the rules-and that is why the attention and eral government that rightful portion of intervention of Secretary Mathews is so wel­ the terrible increase in crime and drug use-the Michigan Interfaith Full Em­ revenue which is ours in order better to fi­ come and important. nance needed action, to devise ways that the It is interesting to note in this connection ployment Committee is determined to atnuence of Michigan can be used to meet that Congress, which is indirectly the rfount sharpen moral awareness of the need for the needs of Michigan, galvanizing our peo­ of all this rulemaking hocus pocus by virtue a full employment economy. Working ple into sharing. of the complicated la.ws it passes, has lately With religious leaders in metropolitan been toying with appropriating the rule­ We address a call to the people of Detroit making function for itself. Outrage over Detroit, one of the fruits of their effort and Michigan, and to ourselves. We speak some especially loony and burdensome rules has been a moving statement of support particularly to the thousands of us in has caused many legislators to conclude that for full employment legislation, which I churches and synagogues. It is a call to con­ they should pass individually on the rules wish to bring to the attention of my sciensness of our condition. It is a call to promulgated by the Executive Branch. We colleagues : care, to look up from our secure jobs, from think this is a poor idea for several reasons. our preoccupations with private life and pri­ A STATEMENT FROM RELIGIOUS LEADERS rN vate c.onsumption, to look up from our se­ The legislators really do not have the time or MICHIGAN ON F'uLL EMPLOYMENT cure jobs, from our preoccupations with pri­ resources to devote to this essentially execu­ vate life and private consumption, to feel tive function. Congress being Congress, the We, the elected and appointed heads o! religious bodies in Metropolitan Detroit and what is happening, to learn the facts, to lobbies would have an even better shot than share and to act. We call for action to in­ they now do at bending fille rules to fit lim­ Michigan, join with those of the National Council of Churches, the United States Con­ form ourselves, such as the Interfaith Con­ ited, parochial interests. And in any event, ference on Full Employment to be held in complain that the rule-making function ference of Catholic Bishops, and the National to May. We call for pastors and rabbis and con­ has got out of hand is only another way of Jewish Community Religious Agencies in ad­ dressing a widespread evil in our midst, the gregational leaders to engage their people in conceding a failure of congressional over­ analyzing our situation and carrying out sight on the part of those committees to evil of unemployment. Today thousands of people in Michigan cry whatever is possible to change it at the local which the various agencies of the Executive level. We call for pressure on our unions Branch must answer. But we have no doubt for deliverance from the debilitating, de­ that Congress will go forward wifill its ill­ structive condition of joblessness. As the U.S. businesses, and the levels of government t~ Catholic Bishops said, "The current levels of take the p.eeded actions to put Michigan to conceived plan if the Executive Branch does work and heal the poverty and hopelessness not act to make the rules fairer, simpler, unemployment are unacceptable and their that stands in such contrast the luxurious and more effective. That is another reason tremendous human costs are intolerable". to why Secretary Mathews' initiative is to be All kinds of work needs to be done--essen- new shopping structures that dot our region. CXXII--1522-Part 19 24140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 It is time for prayer, for knowledge, and sion in favor of official secrecy are ap­ of that neglectful attitude-defaulting for deeds. It is a time for us to place the parent, and I ask that the article from health of our total community above both homeowners, homeownocs that the public apathy and individual aggrandize­ Federal Times entitled "Official Secrecy Federal Housing Administration has ment and comfort. We believe it is possible Wins Court Test" be included in the financed. once we summon up the will. RECORD: Our inept national housing policy has Signed,: OFFICIAL SECRECY WINS COURT TEST led to owner defaults-abandoned The Rev. Dr. Howard Christensen, Presi­ WASHINGTON.-A public interest group re­ houses that fall prey to vandals and the dent, Michigan Synod, Lutheran Church in cently tested a major loophole in the Free­ ravages of time. The neighborhood that America. dom of Information Act in a Los Angeles The Rev. William H. Daniels, Minister, De­ could once take pride in its appearance federal court--and lost. has to acknowledge that it has become troit Metropolitan Association, United The court ruling could seriously compro­ Church of Christ. mise the intent of FOI in favor of govern­ an eyesore. No wonder residents are His Eminence John Cardinal Dearden, ment secrecy. angry. Archbishop, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of In a suit brought by the National Com­ Recently, violence and tension in Mar­ Detroit. mission on Law Enforcement and Socia.I Jus­ quette Park in the Southwest side of The Most Rev. Joseph L. Imesch, Auxiliary tice against the Drug Enforcement Agency, Chicago has drawn media attention. It is Bishop, Archdiocese of Detroit. District Court Judge Warren Ferguson ruled Mr. Lewis S. Grossman, President, Jewish a neighborhood whose dilemma is re­ that government agencies involved in crimi­ peated throughout our land. And I must Community Council of Metropolitan Detroit. nal investigations could legitimately with­ The Most Rev. Thomas J. Gumbleton, hold information given to them by confiden­ wonder how long the Government will Auxiliary Bishop, Archdiocese of Detroit. tial sources. continue to be a prime participant in the The Most Rev. Arthur H. Kraw~za.k, Auxil­ Ferguson stated that under the Freedom development of situations that can lead iary Bishop, Archdiocese of Datroit. of Information Act--and the Hart amend­ to fear, unrest, or even violence? The Rev. Donald Lester, Executive Pres­ ment which was offered as a palliative to My own active role in introducing and byter, the Presbytery of Detroit. avoid a presidential veto--"the agency can Bishop Dwight E. Loder, Bishop, Michigan working for the enactment of corrective not only withhold information which would legislation in the area of housing will ' Area-United Methodist Church. disclose the identity of a confidential source, The Rt. Rev. H. Coleman McGehee, Bishop, but also can provide blanket protection for continue until the answer to that ques­ Episcopal Diocese of Michigan. any information supplied by a confidential tion is "no longer!" Our citizens deserve The Most Rev. Walter J. Schoenherr, Aux­ source." a more responsible and e:ff ective housing ilary Bishop, Archdiocese of Detroit. The court said that even though much of program. The Rev. John Sundquist, Director, Amer­ the information DEA had sought to keep ican Baptist Churches of Southeastern Mich­ Today, I would like to share with my secret was "silly" and ought to be revealed, colleagues two informative editorials igan. it was powerless to order the agency to do so The Rev. Duane Vore, Executive Director because that would violate the intent of that were broadcast on Channel 5, Elect, Michigan Council of Churches. Congress. MAQ-TV in Chicago 2 weeks ago. Th~ Rev. Eric White, Director, Michigan Under the law, the judge found, the agency EDITORIAL No. 1 , Association of Christian Churches. could designate an entire police department, This ls Marquette Park on the Southwest The Rev. Robert L. Wietelmann, President, an individual, a private entity, a foreign po­ Michigan District, The American Lutheran Side of Chicago. The park has become a lice department, or whatever it chooses, as symbol of tensions-racial tensions, tensions Church. a confidential source and not have to reveal The Rev. Edward B. Willingham, Jr., Ex­ caused by the fear of a changing neighbor­ information gathered from these sources hood. ecutive Director, Christian Communication under FOI. Council of Metropolitan Detroit Churches. This is a quiet community in the Chicago Hill observers who had fought for passage Lawn neighborhood. The homes ar J mostly of FOI admitted "we a.re in deep trouble with bungalows, well maintained with beautifully this decision and even in deeper trouble if manicured lawns. The people who live here the case loses on appeal." are white. OFFICIAL SECRECY WINS COURT One source said Congress had left a dan­ TEST gerous loophole and was now paying its price. Black people . live not far away, just east Most congressional staffers including those of here in West Englewood. It is safe to say working for Michigan Democrat Sen. Philip that the people of Marquette Park don't want HON. FORTNEY ff. (PETE) STARK Ha.rt agreed that the decision was an ex­ their neighborhood to change. It ls prob­ OF CALIFORNIA tremely narrow construction of the Hart ably safe to say that most of them don't want black people living in this community. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amendment which had intended to protect the welfare of informants helping criminal "The reason," according to a black colum­ Tuesday, July 27, 1976 investigations. nist, "ls quite simple." Here ls part of what Louis Fitzgerald wrote in the Chica.go Daily Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, much has "But the judge chose to rub our noses in Defender: been written recently about the Freedom the dust," one staffer said. of Information Act. I would like to bring Harrison Wellford, a Hart aide, believed it "White folks are afraid their community, unlikely that the Ferguson decision would which they have worked to build, Will be­ the attention of the House, however, to come a sh~mbles in a matter of time. The a slightly less recent article which ap­ be sustained on appeal. "If it does, we're in trouble," he said. most shocking part of this ls there a.re blacks peared in Federal Times on a blow dealt who want to live in a decent community to FOI by a Los Angeles Federal court, and can't do so because where they go the pointing out a major loophole which filth and decay follow. Yet on the other somehow slipped by Congress. hand, if a black fa.milt moves out to the OUR INEPT NATIONAL HOUSING suburbs, some nut will say he is trying to The decision ruled that Government POLICY agencies involved in criminal investiga­ run from his brothers. Well, damn it, it's true. If, in fact, a black family wants to tions, in this case the Drug Enforcement live in an area where they can feel free to Agency, could legitimately withhold in­ HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO leave a bicycle on the front lawn without it formation given to them by confidential OF ILLINOIS being stolen, why should they not move?" sources. This is an extremely narrow IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Columnist Fitzgerald goes on to say, "Black construction of the Hart amendment Tuesday, July 27, 1976 folks must begin to remember that when you which had intended to protect the wel­ spend good money to purchase a home, with fare of informants helping criminal Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, it is all too that purchase goes responsibility." "And," investigations. easy to mistake the symptom for the dis­ Fitzgerald says, "believe it if you want to, An article from the Federal Times ease. Particularly in cases of violence, we there are a helluva lot of blacks that just do points out that, under this ruling, the may focus on the scars inflicted rather not believe in responsibility, or for that judge found that the agencies involved than the weaponry which made them matter don't know the mean1n5 of the word." could designate an entire police depart­ possible. Those words were written by a black man, Louis Fitzgerald, in the Chicago Defender. ment, an individual, a private entity, a The Government itself has provided a We commend him for his courage in saying foreign police department, or whatf:lver "weapon" in some tension-filled neigh­ what he believed. And frankly he is largely is chosen, as a confidential source and borhoods. It has been a neglectful and correct. Those a.re the reasons why many not have to reveal information gathered wasteful landlord. Area resident's re­ white residents of middle-class neighbor from these sources under FOI. sentments fester and finally erupt, di­ hoods are afraid of change. They have seen The serious implications of this deci- rected toward the obvious manifestation deterioration of neighborhoods-and nearly July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24141 always they have seen it happen when black the Nuclear Fuel Assurance Act. At that determine more accurately nuclear demands people have moved in. · time, the gentleman from New York the Wall Street Journal put WHITNEY EVANS ness people who run scared from neighbor­ it: hoods. We'll talk about those issues in our Once the government gets involved in next editorial. directly allocating capital to energy, a long HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR line of capital starved industries will be OF MINNESOTA EDITORIAL N 0. 2 close behind. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This is the second of two editorials on Marquette Park--or more correctly, the edi­ And, as an excellent editorial in this Tuesday, July 27, 1976 torial on changing neighborhoods in Chi­ morning's New York Times declared: cago. The fallacy in the Administration's bill as Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, the Bi­ Previously we said white residents of mid­ it n::>w stands is the assu mption that a pri­ centennial has been a time for gaining dle-income areas are afraid, afraid because vate consortium starting from scratch could perspective on America, evaluating our the recent history of Chicago shows that do t he job more etrectively--or, in any case, past to apply its lessons to the future. neighborhoods deteriorate when they change that private i .::: dustry should be handed a This reassessment and previewing has from white to black. highly lucrative operation without having to been a healthy and productive process, West Englewood, just a few blocks east· of assume all the financial and technological focusing the thoughts of all Americans Marquette Park, is a visible example. risks that the Federal government has al­ on the fundamental values which we Change, though, is inevitable. There are r ea.dy undertaken. open housing laws in this city and state. treasure and which have made our If a black family wants to buy a home here, I submit the text of the Times edi­ society great. it has the legal right to do so. torial, entitled "Enriching Decision" One of the most thought-provoking of The history of neighborhood change is not which I commend to my colleagues' all the dissertations on the Bicentennial a pretty picture. Whites panic and run, often attention: theme was a homily which it was my stimulated by quick-buck realtors who have ENRICHING DECISION pleasure to hear the Rev. John Whitney no stake in a community. The Federal Hous­ More than five years after the idea first Evans deliver at Holy Rosary Cathedral ing Administration-the FHA-gives mort­ emerged from the Nixon Administration, in Duluth, Minn., on July 4. gages to people without a real commitment Congress is scheduled · to vote this week on With a refreshing and well-researched to home ownership and without enough a proposal to let private industry in on the historical insight, Father Evans traced money to keep up their property. Business 30-year Government monopoly on manufac­ and financial interests get scared and run turing fuel for nuclear power plants. What­ the genesis of our national independence, away. ever its ideological appeal may be, the idea the "driving force" that motivated our Look around Chicago. It has happened­ falls flat in economic terms and the proposal Founding Fathers and the relationship repeatedly. It will happen again in neighbor­ should be defeated. of political and religious liberty that hoods that are threatened with change unless The so-called Nuclear Fuel Assurance Act truly constitutes the essence of the certain things are done. is designed to start the long process of adding American ideal. One is that business and commercial in­ to this country's uranium enrichmen t ca ­ Father Evans' message has a very spe­ terests must not run. A good example is the pacity to meet anticipated dome.;;tic and for­ Greater Southwest Development Corporation eign demand from the mid-1980's onward, cial meaning for all of us as we rededi­ which is made up of businesses working to when the present output level will probably cate ourselves to the ever-renewing task rehabilitate commercial and residential prop­ no longer be sufiicient. The lead time for con­ of preserving and strengthening "liberty erties in this area. That makes sense. Busi­ struct ing massive enrichment plants is such and justice for all." ness people have a big investment, a lot to that a decision must be made now. I might note in passing that Father lose if an area goes under. The fallacy in the Administration's bill as Evans' homily was recorded for broad­ Government has a big responsibility. If it now stands is the assumption that a pri­ cast later on national public radio-a the city administration really intends to pro­ vate consortium starting from scratch could tect areas like Marquette Park, that best can do the job more efficiently-or, in any case, distinct honor, indeed. be demonstrated through the city services it that private industry should be handed a I offer Father Evans' homily for the provides. The issue goes all the way to Wash­ highly lucrative operation without having to thoughtful consideration of my col­ ington and F .H.A. mortgages, which can be assume all the financial and technological leagues: a basic cause of neighborhood deterioration. risks that the Federal Government has al­ AMERICA: AN IDEAL FOREVER TO BE REBORN This happens when the F.H.A. makes mort­ ready undertaken. It is not quite true to our founders to cele­ gages available to people with almost no Perhaps the most damaging testimony brate today as the "birthday" of America. downpayment and no money to maintain a against the Administration's scheme came Two hundred years ago this month the home. All too often the result is people walk­ from the General Accounting Office, which word, "independence," had an unnerving ef­ ing away from their homes--the mortgages found that one of the existing three Govern­ ment-owned (but privately operated) enrich­ fect on most colonists in North America: the be\ng foreclosed and the houses boarded up. Continental Congress voted twice before suc­ In blunt terms, the federal government is ment plants could be enlarged to produce additional capacity equivalent to the pro­ cessfully passing the declaration Thomas creating slums. Its policies must be changed. Jefferson had drafted. Finally, survival will depend substantially posed privately owned plant--but at 40 per­ cent less cost! Two hundred years ago today, when the on human understanding. That may be a final version of that manifesto was approved, cliche. But if there is no local leadership, if An amendment introduced in the House by Representative Bingham of New York would no crowds cheered, no bands struck up, no people run scared, if panic peddlers take con­ cannons boomed, no bells rang, and no signa­ trol, if purely racial fears run rampant, if retain the bill's provisions for extending the Government-owned enrichment plant at tures were affixed. The signing began on property owners don't stand up for their August 2 a.nd haphazardly went on for about communities, Marquette Park wlll go the Portsmouth, Ohio; but it would strike out all the mechanisms for Federal lmm guarantees, a month. way of other communities. It will not be the For that matter, the success of the armed last. No one knows which will be the last. financing commitments and even eventual bailout (if the profits aren't big enough) for rebelllon begun at Lexington in April, 1775, the proposed private venture. hung in doubt until the outcome at York­ Opponents of the Bingham amendment try town over six years later. And the formation to portray it as just another anti-nuclear of a viable government to carry out the phi­ ENRICHING DECISION maneuver-a strange characterization con­ losophy of the declaration awaited the rati­ sidering its wide support among moderate fication of the second federal constitution and conservative Representatives who know in June, 1788. HON. MORRIS K. UDALL a bonanza when they see one and rightly fear And so the lesson deserves repetition: it is OF ARIZONA embarking on a program of expensive new not quite true to celebrate today as the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government subsidies. "birthday" of Amerca. That is misleading. With the Portsmouth add-on provision or For America is not a politfoal entity that Tuesday, July 27, 1976 the Administration's bill preserved intact, sprang on a given day into the family of na­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, this week this country would have adequate nuclear tions. Rather, America is an ideal that must enrichment capacity for at least a dozen continually be reborn and developed in the the House will be voting on H.R. 8401, years-allowing sufficient breathing space to minds and hearts of her citizens. 24142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 It is our task this morning to examine the only of the gospel, but of the whole of reve­ secular modernity that invade our lives as driving force behind this idea.I; and to dis­ lation, we have first and last, received from well a.s those of Native Americans-intem­ cern how this dynamic has worked itself God; and perance, pornography, vanity, dlShonesty, out in our pa.st. The driving force can be (2) Man's response to God in faith must self-indulgence-might we not be better stated at once and simply: "Liberty and be free . . . religious freedom in society is Americans and Catholics if we also joined Justice for a.11." The working out cannot be entirely consonant with the freedom of the them in their two hundred years of resist­ said simply or at once. act of Christian faith. ance to the dominant culture? Let us begin by looking at "Liberty." The first statement comes from John Mel­ Today, as we celebrate two centuries of the The revision of Jefferson's sentiments ap­ len's "The Great and Happy Doctrine of Lib­ American ideal, we stand much as did Abra­ proved on July 4, 1776, captured the essence erty," published in Boston in 1795. The other ham Lincoln over the smouldering waste of of political liberty perhaps better than it ever comes from the Second Vatican Council's that field outside Gettysburg. We wonder was expressed before or probably ever will "Declaration on Religious Liberty," issued in whether that nation, conceived in liberty and be again: 1965. dedicated to the proposition that all people We hold these truths to be self evident, This American doctrine of religious liberty are created equal, can long endure. that all men are created equal, that they are was one reason for independence from the American Catholics today bear a special endowed by their Crea.tor with certain un­ Old World. This liberty was a condition fav­ responsibility to insure that the answer will alienable Rights, that among these are Life, oring the growth of religion in the new. na­ be positive. We have won our place in this Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. That, tion. Its survival guaranteed that the new land. Under liberty, we and our religion are to secure these rights, Governments are in­ country would be prosperous and safe and accepted. Because of justice for all, we and stituted among Men, deriving their just Pow­ that its leaders would always be judged by our co-religionists are among the best edu­ ers from the consent of the governed. That, higher than merely secular standards of cated and most affluent citizens of this na­ whenever any form of Government becomes behavior. tion, to say nothing of the world. destructive of these ends, it is the right of But this American doctrine was even more. It is for us, then, joining with all other the People to alter or to abolish it, and to in­ The salutary living out of it during nearly like-minded Americans, to throw -ourselves stitute new Government, laying its founda­ two hundred years moved the fathers of the into the task that remains before us: that tions on such Principles, and organizing its Second Vatican Council to formulate their this nation shall, under God, have a new Powers in such forms, as to them shall seem historic decree on religious liberty. If the birth of liberty and justice for an. most likely to effect their Safety and Hap­ Declaration of Independence was a kind of To accomplish this necessary purpose we piness. birthday gift to the New World, distilled can draw strength from the words of God Here we recall the political philosophy in­ from the philosophy of the Old World, the uttered by the prophet Isaiah to an affluent forming our systems of governance. But it Declaration on Religious Freedom can today people: What are you endless sacrifices to was equally certain among the founders, or be seen as a kind of anniversary tribute to me? ... I cannot endure festival and solem- some of them, that a successful nation took the Old, derived from the life of the New. nity. ... You may multiply your prayers, I its life also from a related principle. As Let us turn to the second element in the shall not listen. . . . Take your wrong doing George Washington admonished in his fare­ driving force behind the American ideal: out of my sight. Cease to do evil. Learn to do well address of September 19, 1796: "Justice for all." good, search for justice, help the oppressed. Of all the dispositions and habits which No serious minded patriot, and certainly (JB, Isaiah, 1: 11-17) lead to political prosperity, Religion and none who regards himself or herself as re­ For, as God, through another Prophet, has morality are indispensable supports. . . . ligious and moral, can claim America has instructed us: I tell you solemnly, in so far as 'Tis substantially true, that virtue or moral­ lived up perfectly to its ideal of justice for you did this to one of the least of these ity is a necessary spring of popular govern­ all. We have but to reflect that two hundred brothers of mine, you did it to me. (JB, Matt., ment ... let us with caution indulge the years ago, as the Continental Congress was 25: 40) supposition that morality can be maintained deleting from the Declaration of Independ­ without religion . . . reason and experience ence a section on Negro slaves, any such both forbid us to expect that National moral­ unfortunate setting foot in England was au­ ity can prevail in exclusion of religious prin­ tomatically freed. We could search out a THE NEED FOR A BALANCED ciple. thousand other painful and shameful ex­ ENERGY POLICY IN THE UNITED Although he insisted upon the practical, amples of the distance between what Amer­ STATES day-by-day union of religion with morality, icans profess in their national idealism and and of these to political behavior to estab­ what they have ~done-and continue to do-­ lish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and in their daily lives regarding justice for all. HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN promote the general welfare, our first pres­ But we would do better to dwell upon one ident also celebrated the political separation single instance of grave injustice, and do so OF MASSACHUSETTS of church from state. in a spirit of not merely Beating breasts but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Despite the fact that the churches "reached rather determining to lessen the distance be­ Tuesday, July 27, 1976 a lower ebb of vitality" around 1800 "than tween ideal and reality. at any other time in the country's religious We, Americans and Catholics of thfs Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, there is history," not all contemporary preachers saw Diocese of Duluth, realize that many of our often a tendency to oversimplify energy this separation as harmful. Quite the op­ deeds, past and present, although done in policy issues-to imply that single courses posite. The Congregationalist ·preacher, Jon­ good faith or in ignorance, have sometimes of action or dependence on individual re­ athan French, summed it up well in a ser­ been a disservice to Indian people. mon before Governor Samu el Adams in 1796: Today it is necessary for us to appreciate sources will best provide for the long­ No form of government yet constructed, the strong need these people have, as does term energy needs of the United States. ever was so congenial to christianity, as a. any ethnic group, to accept themselves; to There can be little doubt about the im­ well regulated Republic. No religion , ever yet feel proud of themselves, of their past, of pending scarcity of our traditional fossil known, is so conformable to the genius of a their culture; and to receive recognition for fuel supplies, but much less certainty free government, as christianity. the contribution they can make to the exists in the field of developing energy Almost a century later, when organized present. technologies. religiou s practice was flourishing quite well, Would not our lives today be brighter and an American cardinal repeat ed this article our land more beautiful and healthy if we In the short term, it is essential that of the American creed. Prea.chlng in his shared with the Native Americans their an­ we realize the great potential for energy titular church of Santa Maria in Tl'astevere cient reverence for the earth as a gift from conservation in our society. This is a in Rome, Cardinal James Gibbons confessed God to be cherished and used with frugal major recommendation of the 1976 Na­ in March, 1887: concern? If we imitated their traditional tional Plan of the Energy Research and I proclaim, with a deep sense of pride and reverence for the unborn, commitment to Development Administration-ERDA­ gratit ude, and in this great capitol of Chris­ disciplining children, and concern for the which acknowledges that "energy effici­ tendom, that I belong to a country where old? If we recaptured their age-old practices ency actions can reduce the pressure for the civil government holds over us the aegis of ringing the family with so many loving of its protection without interfering in the helps and stern supports that divorce was accelerated introduction of new supply legitimate exercise of our sublime mission almost unheard of among them? technologies." The plan admits "only as ministers of the Gospel. When we think of redressing grievances we modest progress" ha.s been made on ad­ He added that for the progress of Roman must join Indian people in reviewing the ob­ vanced energy sources, and establishes Ca.tholicism 1n the Unit ed States, "we are vious issues of land rights, treaty violations, conservation as the single highest prior­ indebted in no small degree to the civil lib­ and legal arrangements; we must also join ity for energy research and development erty we enjoy in our enlightened republic." them in efforts to promote appropriate eco­ at the national level. Quite a strange pairing! A Boston Con­ nomic development; to secure adequate so­ gregationalist and a Baltimore cardinal! But cial, educational, and health care services; In the long run, simple economics dic­ no more surprising than the congruence be­ and to build a competent base of political tate that we must keep all of bur options tween these sentiments: power. open, continually reassess our policy al­ ( 1) Liberty is the spirit and genius, not When we think of the flagrant abuses of ternatives, and assure adequate develop- July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24143 ment of all potentially cost-effective pipeline to deliver gas from Alaska is com- - rel of shale oil, whereas one ton of crude oil pleted by 1985, production will increase tem­ produces six barrels of refined products. To sources of energy. porarily to 24 quads. E.R.D.A.'s higher esti­ produce eight quads of energy per year from For an excellent overview and discus­ mate of 26.5 quads by 1985 depends upon oil shale, as scenario five stipulates, we must sion of this critical national issue, I high­ well-stimulation techniques which are not mine 1.8 billion tons of oil shale per year, ly commend the following article by Mr. economic at today's low regulated prices, but three times the rate at which we now mine Manson Benedict, professor emeritus at which might be used if the price were de­ coal. For eight quads per year, the rate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technol­ regulated. oil shale production would be about 4 mil­ ogy. Though we may have our differences Even with well stimulation and extensive lion barrels per day. Since an oil shale re­ on specific elements of an appropriate offshore development, natural gas produc­ finery will cost a.t least $15,000 per da.ily national energy strategy---such as the tion promises to decline inexorably after barrel, the investment in oil shale plants 1985. Total resources are estimated at 775 would come to over $60 billion. Fred Hartley, nuclear option-it is difficult not to be quads without stimulation, and perhaps Chairman of the Union Oil Co. and a pioneer impressed by the perceptive and sobering 1,030 with it. Since this is only u little over in shale oil development, says his company quality of his remarks. 40 years' supply at the present consumption could construct 20 processing plants, each The article follows: rate, development of alternative energy producing 7,000 barrels per day. But to reach [From the Technology Review, May 1976) sources and strict conservation are obviously 4 million barrels per day, 600 such plants essential. 30 U.S. ENERGY: THE PLAN THAT CAN WORK would be needed, and companies witb Gas is a premium fuel for home heating Union's capabilities to build them. The recent increases in fuel prices have and chemical feed stock. Its use for pur­ Economic feasibility isn't the only problem shown that low-cost energy is gone forever. poses for which other fuels suffice, such as for oil shale production. Restoration of land The United States will have to shift from oil generating electricity, is a luxury we can scarred by mining 1.8 billion tons of shale a.nd natural gas to other, less convenient, and no longer afford_ The shortfall in l!:a5 sup­ _ per year, disposal of the nearly equal mass of more costly energy sources. What options plies after 1985 will have to be made up by refuse, elimination of carcinogens from shale does the U.S. have to provide for its energy synthetic gas, mostly from coal. oil a.nd refuse, and provision of the large needs to the year 2000? PETROLEUM: ALTERNATIVES ESSENTIAL amounts of water needed for refineries are The Energy Research and Development Ad­ additional obstacles. Disposal of refuse by ministration (E.R.D.A.) describes five alterna­ The supply of U.S. petroleum is as critically short as the supply of gas. Domestic prOduc­ return to mine or quarry is often logistically tive "scenarios" for meeting future energy infeasible, and in any case is not a complete needs. Only one of them, the fifth, seems to tion declined by almost a million barrels per day last year, about two quads per year. solution since the refuse occupies greater me both realistic and realizable; it calls for volume tha.n the oil shale from which it was development and deployment of a balanced Completion of the Alaska pipeline will tem­ porarily increase production by 2 million made. The best technical solution appears mix of numerous energy technologies, coupled to be the burning out of harmful residues with rational conserva.tion. The other alter­ barrels per day. Extensive offshore produc­ tion (now restricted in many states) and use in oil shale refuse, which could then be piled natives, which I shall not describe, emphasize in dry canyons contoured as closely as pos­ single measures which, if adopted, would of advanced recovery and production tech­ niques could increase U.S. petroleum pro­ sible to the neighboring terrain, followed by severely distort our energy economy without assistance of regrowth of natural vegetation. significantly reducing our dependence on im­ duction to 24 quads in 1985. Then, like ported oil. natural gas resources, it will decline. HYDROELECTRIC AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: The figure on page 54 (not shown) shows GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED The table on page 52 (not shown) com­ pares our present annual energy consump­ recent U.S. Geologic Survey estimates of our Although hydro sources generate some of tion with the energy consumption predicted petroleum liquid resources, con~rted to the cheapest electricity in the United States, quads at 5.5 quads per billion barrels. "Dem­ in scenario five for 1985 and 2000, and with they have little growing room. Almost all estimaites of our energy resources. The unit onstrated reserves" of 215 quads are those the economic sites have already been put to of energy used for these comparisons is a. whose location, amount, and production costs work or are in regions res~rved for recreation million billion British thermal units, which are known well enough to serve reliably for or wildlife preservation. Moreover, hydrogen­ is coming to be known as the quad. One quad business planning. These reserves represent eration shares the disadvantage with geo­ about eight years' supply at present produc­ thermal energy of being geographically re­ of energy is produced by burning 40 to 50 tion rates. "Inferred reserves" are those ex­ stricted. In 1973, U.S. hydrogeneration million tons of coal, 180 million barrels of pected to be found in known formations geo­ oil, or 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. amounted to 273 billion kilowatt-hours, or Consumption of a million barrels of oil per logically similar to those already demon­ 2.7 quads expressed as equivia.lent thermal day yields two quads of energy per year. To strated. "Undiscovered resources" ha~ an energy by using a generation efficiency of 34 produce one quad of thermal energy in the estimated 50 per cent probability of discovery per cent. from future exploration. Unfortunately, they U.S. geothermal resources take three type of nuclear power plant used in the constitute more than half the total resource United States today requires mining 2,000 forms: dry steam, hot water, and geopres­ estimate of 793 quads. tons of natural uranium concentrates. sured hot water. Their magnitude is shown in An increase in annual energy consump­ To the Geologic Survey's precarious fore­ the table above (not shown). Our only dry tion from 79 quads (the current figure) to casts, E.R.D.A. adds 300 quads potentially steam field, at the geysers in Northern Cali­ 98 quads in 1985 and 137 quads in 2000 (the available through tertiary recovery methods, fornia, will produce 1,200 megawatts of elec­ quantities predicted in scenario five) means such as C02 injection or other techniques tricity for Pacific Gas and Electric Co., at a growth rate of 2.2 per cent per year. Our which may become economic as oil prices rise. competitive prices. The total electric poten­ past energy growth has been around 3.5 per The total resource estimate of 1,100 quads tial of this field is estimated by the U.S. cent per year. The postulated reduction to 2.2 is to be compared with our present con­ Geologic Survey to be 477 megawatt-cen­ per cent is a plausible consequence of higher sumption rate of petroleum, domestic and turies, or around four quads equivalent energy prices, lower population growth, and imported-around 35 quads per year. thermal energy. intensive meas-µres to conserve energy. Zero Since domestic supplies of petroleum are Numerous fields of high-temperature energy growth, although desirable, probably so limited, means to reduce consumption of hydrothermal water in the western states cannot be attained in the next 25 years, given liquid fuels and increase their synthesis from could be used for electric generation, prob­ the projected increase in U.S. population and other sources must have the highest priority. ably at competitive prices; they could yield the need to use additional energy to com­ Measures which must be taken to reduce con­ over 30 quads. Hot water is more difficult to sumption include increased use of electric use than dry steam becaU$e more fiuid has pensate for the depletion of mineral re­ to be produced and the content of dissolved sources. propulsion for trains and short-haul auto­ mobiles and trucks, development and man­ corrosive material is much higher. Neverthe­ Domestic and imported oil and gas now less, San Diego Gas and Electric Co. is plan­ provide almost 75 per cent of present energy datory use of more efficient engines for auto­ mobiles and trucks, and the phasing out ning an experimental generating station, and supplies. This fraction will have to be re­ it seems reasonable to count on this resource duced drastically in the future. of oil for steam-electric power generation. for significant .amounts of electricity in the Although conservation doesn't appear in Equally essential is the development of al­ western U.S. The U.S. Geologic Survey esti­ ternative sources of liquid fuels. In the year the table, it has been assumed in keeping mates that a total 200 quads of hot water, future energy consumption as low as stated. 2000 in scenario five, eight quads of shale yielding electricity at up to twice today's Necessary conservation measures in our pri­ oil are produced and 15.9 quads of .coal are price, may be found. In addition, numerous vate lives include more efficient automobiles converted to 10.5 quads of oil. Through con­ sources of lower temperature water, totaling and appliances, better insulated homes, and servation and this production of 18.5 quads 82 quads, might be used locally for space less waste. Industry and business must adopt of synthetic oil from shale and coal, the heating, replacing fossil fuels. more efficient processes, recover waste heat, amount of oil imported could be reduced to The north slope of the Gulf of Mexico has and reduce energy consumption for heating zero. extensive deposits of geopressured hot water and cooling buildings. OIL SHALE: MANY PROBLEMS at depths of around five kilometers. Produc­ NATURAL GAS: DECLINING RAPIDLY The proposed use of oil shale presents ma­ tion cost from these depths is unknown, and Natural gas is a dwindling resource: do­ jor developmental, environmental, and fi­ possible land settling is a concern. Potential mestic production peaked at a.round 22 quads nancing problems. One ton of the richest U.S. resources are estimated at between 80 and ln 1972 and has been declining since. If a oil shale produces only four-fifths of a bar- 300 quads. 24144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 Estimates of total useful resources lie be­ , stars and-in uncontrolled form-in the hy­ on burning high-sulfur coal has temporarily tween 35 and 615 quads. Geothermal energy drogen bomb, but its controlled use for elec­ impounded most eastern coal-35 per cent of is worthy of development, though limited tricity generation will .require development our coal resources. Systems to remove sulfur geographically and of less magnitude than of very advanced technologies that are far oxides from power plant stack gases are ex­ our remaining oil and gas. from certain to be practical. pensive; they break down frequently and pro:. SOLAR ENERGY: NECESSARY AND POSSIBLE The fusion reaction that proceeds at the duce large amounts of solid wastes. They are Solar energy is a paradox. It is available lowest temperature is between deuterium, not considered a satisfactory long-term everywhere, but weak. It is enduring, but the heavy isotope making up one part in solution. varies with weather, time of day, location, seven thousand of natural hydrogen, and A better method proposed for future coal­ and season. It is free, but expensive to collect. tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen burning plants is to convert the ooal to low The continental United States receives produced from lithium. The temperature B.t.u. gas in which sulfur is present as hydro­ 50,000 quads of solar energy each year, but needed for this reaction is merely 100,ooo,- gen sulfide, then remove the hydrogen sul­ the average energy fiux is only 68 B.t.u.s per 00-0 0C. Two schemes under development for fide, and burn the clean gas under boilers. square foot per hour. achieving this enormous temperature in Compared with scrubbing sulfur oxides from · The principal ways in which solar energy controlled fashion are magnetic confinement stack gases, the advantages are the smaller may be used are through growth of crops of hot ionized hydrogen gas, and implosion volume of gas to be treated and the feasi­ suitable for conversion to fuel (biomass pro­ of hydrogen capsules by focused laser beams bility of converting hydrogen sulfide to ele­ duction), through solar heating and cooling, in a fusion internal-combustion engine. mental sulfur, a readily stored end product. and through solar electric generation. In­ Neither scheme has yet reached the break­ Another alternative for ma.king a low-sulfur directly, solar energy can produce minor even point, where the amount of fusion en­ boiler fuel from coal is solvent refining. All amounts of power through wind generators ergy produced equals the amount of energy these means for converting coal to electricity and ocean temperature gradients, but in too consumed to produce the reaction. Both will probably be demonstrated successfully. small amounts to bear discussion here. schemes have stubborn materials problems but they reduce conversion efficiency and in­ Our forefathers obtained most of their because of high temperatures and intense crease electricity costs. radiation. energy from wood, but crops grown specifi­ NUCLEAR ENERGY: RISKS AND REWARDS cally for fuel now make negligible contribu­ Surely, fusion cannot contribute to U.S. en­ tions to our energy supply. Yet if we select ergy production till the next century at the Since coal is our best alternative to vanish­ plant species, breed better ones, use optimum earliest. But if successful, a 1,000 megawatt ing reserves of petroleum and natural gas, growing regions, and improve harvesting fusion power plant would be fueled by only we shouldn't waste it on electric power gen­ eration. Fortunately, electricity can now be techniques, E.R.D.A. believes biomass could four metric tons of lithium and the deuter­ produce 1.5 quads per year by 2000. ium in 2,640 tons of water per year. Of these generated at lower cost from uranium than Use of solar energy for heating water and two, lithium is the less abundant resource. from coal in most of the U.S. A recent study buildings and for low-temperature industrial In 1970, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated by Arthur D. Little, Inc. and s. M. Stoller processes is feasible, and at today's high fuel U.S. known and inferred lithium reserves at Corp. for the New England Electric System prices, these uses should grow rapidly, espe­ 6 million metric tons, equivalent to 1.5 mil­ forecasts that in the period 1985 to 2000, cially in new structures specifically designed lion megawatt centuries of electric energy or the cost of electricity in New England will be for them. In much of the United States, each 130,000 q,uads of thermal energy. If we could 3.6 cents per kilowatt-hour from light water square foot of solar collector could collect extract lithium from the ocean, the 250 bil­ nuclear power plants, 5.0 cents from plants 150,000 B.t.u .s per heating season, thus sav­ lion tons there would provide the world with burning low-sulfur western coal and 5.7 ing 1.5 gallons of fuel oil burned at 70 per 600 billion megawatt centuries of electricity, cents from high-sulfur eastern coal, with cent efficiency. With fuel oil at 40 cents per or 5.5 billion quads of thermal .energy. This stack-gas scrubbing. The table on page 57 gallon, and a capital charge rate of 15 per enormous extension of energy resources is (not shown) summarizes these forecasts. The cent per year, this fuel saving justifies in­ wha~ makes fusion research so important, cost of fuel in a nuclear plant is only one­ vestment of $4 per square foot for solar col­ despite its great difficulty and uncertain fifth that in a coal plant; this fuel cost lector and associated pump, piping, and success. saving more than offsets the higher capital heat storage. Installed costs today are around COAL: A VERSATILE FUEL cost of the nuclear plant. $15 per square foot, and the total cost for a We have seen that domestic supplies of gas Because they produce electricity at lower typical house is around $3,000. Nevertheless, and oil are giving out and that new energy cost, numerous nuclear plants are being improved technology, mass production, in­ sources such as oil shale, solar energy, and added to U.S. generating systems. Their pres­ creased fuel prices, and government subsidies fusion will not replace them in this century. ent capacity is 40,000 megawatts; the total to encourage fuel conservation should lead The deficiency wUl have to be made up by capacity of plants now ordered is 210,000 to extensive use of solar heating. As it isn't coal and uranium. Of these, coal is the more megawatts. E.R.D.A.'s scenario five postu­ economic to provide all heat needed during versatile. It can be converted to substitutes lates a nuclear capacity of 450,000 megawatts coldest weather, perhaps 70 per cent of a for petroleum and natural gas, and it can by 2000 at a cost of $388 billion--$863 per building's annual fuel could be saved by produce heat and electricity. Uranium is good kilowatt. To generate the same amount of solar heating. only for the latter. electricity from oil, we would have to burn About 18 per cent of U.S. energy is devoted Scenario five predicts that in the year 2000, 11 million barrels per day, which equals the present total U.S. oil production rate. To to space heating. If 25 per cent of U.S. bulld­ 5.3 quads of coal will be converted to gaseous ings adopted solar heating by 2000, we could fuels, 15.9 quads to liquid; and 8.4 quads will generate the same amount from coal, we save 3 per cent of our total energy reserves­ fuel 219 gigawatts of electric generation. An would have to burn about a billion tons per perhaps four quads per year. additional 9.5 quads will be used for heating year, almost twice the present rate. Two methods for converting solar energy and metallurgical purposes. All U.S. nuclear electricity is now produced to electricity are being developed, thermal These statistics don't suggest the difficulty in water-cooled reactors, which consume about 150 tons of natural uranium concen­ and photoelectric. Both have a long way to of achieving these goals. We will have to mine over 1.8 billion tons of coal per year, almost trates per year per 1,000 megawatt plant. go before they can be economic. Aerospace Hence 450,000 megawatts would consume Corp. has estimated that a thermal solar three times the present rate. And this in­ crease must take place despite increasing 67,500 tons of uranium concehtrates. At that power plant could have an overall efficiency rate, of 3.5 million tons of estimated reserves of 13 per cent, collect 72 per cent of the concern about the hazards of underground coal mining and the scarring of land in will last about 50 years, a bit longer than sunlight incident upon it, and have a unit oil and gas. capital cost of $2,385 per kilowatt in 1990. strip mining. Processes, mostly German-de­ veloped, exist to convert coal to synthetic But this isn't the whole picture. Water­ A plant meeting these criteria and generat­ cooled reactors convert to heat only about ing 1,000 megawatts of electricity during sun­ natural gas, but they are expensive and in­ efficient, losing one-third of the coal's energy one per cent of uranium's energy content. lit hours (and none during the night) would The process depends upon fission of the require eight square miles of solar collec­ in conversion. Synthetic gas is likely to cost over $2 per million B.t.u.s-ten times what scarce isotope uranium-235 which makes up tors. M.I.T.'s Hoyt C. Hottel thinks the cost 0.7 per cent of uranium, and conversion of a estimate is optimistic. Even so, the cost, as­ regulated natural gas recently sold for at the well. small fraction of the abundant isotope suming this plant produces · electricity ten uranium-238 to plutonium, which then un­ hours per day, is 2.5 times that of a nuclear Processes for converting coal to liquid fuels are less well developed and will require ex­ dergoes fission. But in the liquid metal fast plant of the same capacity operating around breeder reactor, cooled by sodium, almost all the clock. The unit cost of photovoltaic solar tensive pilot plant demonstration before oommerclalization. Yet the critical need to the uranium-238 is converted to plutonium, electric collectors is around $100,000 per so that around 70 times more energy can be kilowatt, clearly out of the question at reduce our dependence on foreign oil gives this development highest priority. Scenario obtained. U.S. uranium resources, 1,800 present. five's proposed capacity to oonvert 16 quads quads without the breeder, are thus in­ FUSION: THE ULTIMATE SOURCE per year of coal energy to liquid fuel by 2-000 creased to 130,000 quads with it. Of the three technologies-solar, the breed­ will require facilities costing on the order of The breeder also makes possible utilization er, and fusion-E.R.D.A. names as providing $100 billion. of additional uranium in ores too lean to be "essentially inexhaustible resources," fusion Even the conventional use of coal for elec­ economic for water-cooled reactors. The is the one whose practical utilization is least tric power generation has its difficulties. Sul­ amount of such low-grade uranium is uncer­ certain to succeed and furthest in the future. fur oxides and small ash particles in stack tain, but it must be large, so the breeder Fusion energy is here today in the sun and gases are health hazards. E.P.A,.'s prohibition makes our uranium resource base much July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24145 greater than 3.5 million tons ( 130,000 munity. I was pleasantly surprised to see Life Insurance Co., Topeka, Kans., who says: quads). in a recent issue of Nation's Business "Mandatory retirement provides encourage­ Obviously, the breeder is essential to our containing the results of a reader re­ ment and opportunity for younger employees energy future. A 250 megawatt breeder has to succeed to more responsible jobs. When been operating successfully in France for sponse survey on the question "Should the younger employee feels he is blocked over a year; a 350 megawatt breeder is retirement be forced because of age?" It from a promotion, he is easily attracted by planned for operation in the U.S. by 1983. In is heartening to note that 80 percent of a competing employer." scenario five, E.R.D.A. assumes that 18 per the readers responding said "No." Others voting yes feel that mandatory cent of U.S. nuclear electricity will be gen­ I include here the text of the report, retirement at a certain age has the advan­ erated by breeders in 2000, with the propor­ and commend it to my colleagues as an tages of forcing companies to implement bet­ tion increasing thereafter. expression of the support of the business ter retirement plans and forcing employees What of the potential risks of nuclear to plan for their retirement. power systems? I believe they can be dealt community for eliminating mandatory The nature of the "Sound Off to the Edi­ with so satisfactorily that the incidence of retirement. tor" question prompted a number of respond­ disease or death will be much lower than The article follows : ents to recount what had happened to them­ that from operation of coal-fl.red power A STRONG PROTEST AGAINST FORCED selves or others as a result of forced retire­ plants of the same capacity. RETIREMENT ment. Routine emission of radioactivity from Four out of five Nation's Business readers Henry W. Lever, owner of The Henry Lever ·nuclear plants is being controlled so that ra­ responding to the May "Sound Off to the Realty, Madras, Oregon, votes no to forced diation exposure offsite is only a few per cent Editor'" question-"Should retirement be retirement but tells this happily ending of the natural radiation background. Acci­ mandatory at a certain age?"-vote no. story: "I was retired as a professor emeritus dental release of radioactivity through loss One of the most common arguments is and department head in a prominent western of reactor coolant or excessive nuclear reac­ that a person's age is an unfair yardstick by college at 65, even though I was a better tivity can be made so low by redundant and which to judge his productivity. teacher at 65 than when I was younger. That diverse cooling and control systems that the For example, A. H. Metz, president of Mod­ was 26 years ago. Good health and a desire probability of serious public exposure would ern Plastics, Inc., Hialeah, Fla., says that for work kept me busy. I am now a success­ be less than one per million years of reactor "many men and women are old at 50, while ful realtor." operation. This is a conclusion of a study others are still active and can contribute Robert D. Spies, superintendent of the Al­ recently completed by M.I.T.'s Norman Ras­ their share and more at 70. Why put those legany Ballistics Laboratory of Hercules, Inc., mussen for the Nuclear Regulatory Commis­ others out to pasture?" in Cumberland, Md., says that perhaps the sion. . Frank Stewart, vice president and general most convincing argument against forcing re­ Although plutonium is one of the most manager _of Roberts Paper Co., Amarillo, tirements because of age "is the long-term toxic substances known to man, strict meas­ Texas, says: "We have some salespeople who economic impact." Ending such retirements ures that confine plutonium in nuclear facil­ were retired at 65 and still are very produc­ would "somewhat relieve the Social Secur­ ities are preventing public exposure. How tive ten to 15 years after retirement." ity funds problem," he explains, "and would likely is plutonium theft? The only places in Legislation has been introduced in Con­ probably help relieve the financial probleIIlS a nuclear power system where plutonium ts gress that, in effect, would prohibit compul­ some company retirement programs are fac­ pure enough and free enough of radioactivity sory retirement at any specified age. Paul ing." to make theft a serious risk are plants that Sperling, vice president of Corrick Interna­ James L. Shoemaker, public affairs man­ reprocess fuel discharged from reactors, and tional of California, Inc., Santa Cruz, thinks ager for the Utah Power & Light Co., Salt plants that fabricate fuel for reactors. By the courts could well bar such retirements Lake City, wonders if a compromise can't be worked out. "At age 65," he suggests, "hours locating both types of plants on the same without passage of such legislation. "I be­ site and providing adequate guards and in­ could be cut 20 percent and the same for lieve forced retirement is illegal," he says. "If spectors, risk of plutonium diversion can be salary. Further phasing out of work could we may not discriminate in hiring on the be based on a health and alertness formula. made acceptably small. basis of age, then we may not so discrimi­ Nuclear reactors discharge long-lived ra­ established with the help of company physi­ dioactive wastes. Although they must be kept nate in fl.ring." He adds: "The argument that cians." out of contact with humans for thousands jobs are created for younger workers is spec­ Donald H. Baker, president of Blue Ridge of years, this can be done safely by storage tn ious; the 65-year-olds will be leaving the Furniture Co., Lenoir, N.C., is against age­ salt deposits or other deep geologic strata work force soon enough." linked forced retirement--"it is poor business demonstrably remote from ground waters. James J. McCormick, an assistant vice to lose a good employee because of an arbi­ The volume of wastes is not large. One 1,000 president of Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., trary age limit," he says-but also against megawatt power plant produces only 80 cubic. Boston, feels that "forced retirement because legislation banning such retirements. "My feet of highly radioactive waste per year. of age is more discriminatory than discrimi- . suggestion to government is to confine its The unparalleled safety record of nuclear nation because of sex, color, or creed; it efforts where government belongs," he says. plants is best attested by the fact that, until strikes everyone." It is also morally wrong, he However, M. J. O'Shaughnessy, sales man­ now, no member of the public has even been says, "because it denies older citizens their ager for Burlington Northern, Inc., in Lewis­ injured, much les& killed, by nuclear-related basic civil rights. It deprives them of dignity, ton, Idaho, favors forced retirement, arguing accidents or materials. No other new and po­ a sense of being needed or wanted." that "it helps create much-needed job op­ tentially hazardous industry has this perfect A. R. Fortier, a vice president of Hartmann­ portunities.'' record. Sanders Co., Elk Grove Village, Ill., votes no The subject really strikes home to R. B. To sum up: rapid depletion of U.S. oil and and asks his own question: "If judges, Barger, area development and utilization gas reserves requires development and use of politicians, and members of Congress do not manager for Connecticut Natural Gas Corp., a number of alternative energy resources. have to retire, why should anyone else?" Hartford. "I will be 65 in two months," he But no one resource can do the whole job; An emphatic no comes from Felix P. Kins­ says, "and by company policy must retire. a balanced mix of many is required. Of alter­ ley, Jr., president of Kinsley & Sons, Inc., Although I would prefer to continue work­ native.,; to oil and gas, our greatest reliance­ St. Louis. He says: "I have seen many busi­ ing, I believe mandatory retirement is in the at least for the next generation-must be ness associates who were required to retire best interests of employees of all ages." placed on coal and uranium. Coal is indis­ at 65 or 70. They were extremely active, loved pensable for producing gaseous and liquid to work, and were a real a-sset to the com­ fuels, and for some electric power generation. pany. The adjustment to retirement was CORRECTION RE AUTHOR OF Uranium is essential as the mainstay of our often very difficult, and many of them died CARLA'S FABLE electric power industry. Scarcity and high within a year." cost demand conservation and efficient energy Several employers voting against compul­ use in industry and our private lives. sory retirement state a preference for their HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER older employees, citing such characteristics in these people as experience, wisdom, loyalty, OF NEW YORK and dependability. Some say they have never IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BUSINESSMEN OPPOSE MANDA­ been able to replace satisfactorily older work­ Tuesday, July 27, 1976 TORY RETIREMENT ers who have been forced to retire. Those in favor · of mandatory retirement Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on July frequently state that age slows a person down 20 I inserted into the RECORD an arti­ HON. PAUL FINDLEY mentally and physically and makes his job cle entitled "Carla's Fable" which I er­ OF ILLINOIS performance inadequate. "Without a forced roneously attributed to Nat Parish, legis­ retirement age," says Milton A. Kassner, re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lative chairman of the New York .Asso­ tired vice president of Wisconsin Telephone ciation of Renewal and Housing Offi­ Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Co., Milwaukee, "too many-particularly higher salaried top executives-would hang cials, Inc. Mr. F.INDLEY. Mr. Speaker, when I on without realizing they have lost their I have learned that Mr. Parish did not introduced legislation to abolish manda­ vitality and imagination." write that fable, which has apparently tory retirement last year, I anticipated Many yes voters agree with Thomas A. been circulated to a number of people. some opposition from the business com- Repp, a vice president of Security Benefit The author of the fable remains un- 24146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 known. I would like at this time to apolo­ GENERAL HENRY HUGLIN SPEAKS Africa, to capitalize on perceived opportu­ gize to Mr. Parish for this error and to ON OUR BICENTENNIAL nities stemming from our divisions and the author of the article, who certainly uncertainties. deserves full credit for the work, who­ There seemingly is always in a nation a latent tendency to seek "an easy way out" ever he or she may be. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO OF CALIFORNIA of external threaits and difficulties. This tendency can surface strongly enough to lead IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a government to an ostrich-like non-view of Tuesday, July 27, 1976 the world-as it did Britain and France in THE FAIR INVESTIGATIVE REPORT­ the 1930's. The result was that they stumbled ING ACT OF 1976 Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I down appeasement's primrose path into the would like to bring to the attention of tragedy of World War II, when the only re­ my colleagues the following column by maining alternative was surrender to Hitler's HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY my constituent, Gen. Henry Huglin. Mr. tyranny. But, fortunately, now we seem to OF NEW YORK Huglin is a retired Air Force general, and be turning away from this deadend course. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a lecturer on international affairs. In What is involved with us (as it was with the British and French 40 years ago) is Tuesday, July 27, 1976 this article, Mr. Huglin turns his, and our attention to the Bicentennial celebration "nerve;" that is, the collective will, inspired Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. by the proper leadership, to face up to our recently past, and the implications of challenges and the inescapable responsibili­ Speaker, today I am introducing legisla­ the renewed patriotism generated by our ties, actions, and sacrifices that will be neces­ tion which will amend the Consumer 200th birthday party: sary for our future security and well-being­ Credit Protection Act and provide for BICENTENNIAL REVIVING OUR NATION'S SPffiIT and for those of much of the rest of the stronger and stricter regulation of credit (By Henry Huglin) world as well. reporting agencies. Credit agencies ex­ The glorious celebration of our bicenten­ Patriotism, without jingoism, is again be­ ercise a tremendous and invisible power nial is doing more good for our nation's con­ coming widespread. And this is an essential over the consumer. This power has not fidence and spirit than anyone had antici­ step in the restoration of our "nerve." always been used responsibly. Many re­ pated. The excesses of passion over Vietnam, out­ The parades, flags, ceremonies, and reflec­ rage over Watergate, and exposure zeal over ports are casually put together, with the CIA and FBI have been endured and little regard for accuracy. Anecdotal tions in our nation's roots and achievements are transforming, in a timely and wonderful surmounted. Thus, as the conditions evolved materials contained in their data banks way, the malaise which had descended on for our pendulum of sensibility and perspec­ are often incomplete or biased. This un­ us in recent years. tive to swing back toward a proper balance, fair or erroneous information too often Combined with the highlighting of our Na­ our bicentennial has come along to do just has prevented a man from getting a job tion's problems and prospects in the election that, and to give us a renewal and welling-up or obtaining credit or insurance. In the campaign and the growing realization of the of our basic buoyant American spirit, con­ continuing challenges in the world-such as fidence, and vitality-and to help restore our process, the privacy of millions of Amer­ trustworthy and valiant image abroad. icans has been invaded and their reputa­ terrorism, economic problems, and the So­ viets' zmlita-ry build-up and expansionism­ So, we are now rightly engaged in soundly tions smeared. The Fair Investigative this bicentennial is helping us to regain a. sorting out how we shall play our necessary Reporting Act of 1976 would protect the sensible perspective on the world and our global leadership role in the future and meas­ consumer against the tyranny of the necessary leadership role in it. ure up to the trials that lie ahead-hopefully, information collector. This convergence of events, lea.ding us back even better than we have done in the past. The legislation I am introducing today to reality and willingness to face that reality is identical to a bill introduced by Sen­ is fortuitous. Our security and well-being ator PROXMIRE and would amend the and those of many millions of people else­ where are directly dependent on the wisdom Consumer Credit Protection Act by: WARNING: H.R. 8401 ASSURES of our Nation's policies and actions and on NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION First. Outlawing quota systems which the will of our people vigorously to support require credit investigators to include a them. minimum amount of derogatory mate­ The controversies over Vietnaim, Watergate, HON. CHARLES A. MOSHER rial; and the transgressions of the CIA and FBI OF OHIO Second. Requiring those who seek to . provided a field day for those at home and compile investigative reports obtain abroad who delight in emphasizing our faults IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to and denigrating our Nation. prior written consent from the consumer; Our domestic masochistic critics put on Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Third. Guaranteeing to consumers the hairshirt and wallowed in sanctimonious Mr. MOSHER. Mr. Speaker, I intend access to all information in their credit condemnation of our country. to vote against H.R. 8401, or at least files; Likewise, ivory-tower pacificists and anti­ against those provisions of the bill that Inilitary publicists seized their golden op­ Fourth. Requiring reporting agencies would permit private corporations to which are preparing a report for a pros­ portunity, in the post-Vietnam witch-hunt­ ing climate of the past few years, to promote manufacture enriched uranium in the pective employer to first send a copy of their objectives of emasculating America's United States. the report to the consumer; Inilita.ry strength and dynamic world leader­ For years, I have supported vigorously Fifth. Mandating that consumers be ship role. research and development efforts for new notified when a file is first opened on The media-which always emphasize the sources of energy, and I have favored re­ them; and critical, because it is "newsworthy"-con­ sponsible efforts to develop a strong tributed to the spread of the mal3.ise by fea­ Sixth. Requiring that the user of a nuclear power industry in the United report must inform the consumer of the turing the critics and often ignoring the good aspects and supporters of our society. States. name of the reporting agency when And many politicians adopted the chic But I must oppose the Nuclear Fuel credit or insurance is denied on the basis rhetoric of these detractors, becoming what Assurance Act United States Senate doing? It is con­ arresting some of the attritions of Polonian what is left of our Polonia's press is headed templating a measure that would throw the youth. for a new era of stability and brighter U.S. oil industry into turmoil, reduce the Zgoda, the PNA fraternal organ, is now the future! prospect of investment in the industry­ oldest publication in Polonia with 95 years (We have not touched upon the monthlies, and play in to the hands of OPEC by making of uninterrupted publication. However, it is bi-monthlies, newsletters and local publica­ the United States even more dependent on now a bi-weekly, appearing twice a month. tions because of their number and limited imported oil. The oldest continuing weekly publication impact, but some like Weteran of the Polish The Senate is considering "divestiture": (79 years) is another fraternal organ, Straz, Army Veterans Association go a. long way that is, the breaking of America's 18 largest founded by Bishop Hodur before his secular back--some 55 years.) E.C.R. oil companies into smaller, specialized units founding of the Polish National Union in (EDITOR'S NOTE.-Dr. Edward Rozanski, in which would concern themselves with only Scranton, Pa. whose blood runs a singular strain of printer's one aspect of fuel production-be it explora­ The youngest all-English weekly (year 14) ink, is now testing his own premise. As man­ tion, drilling, transportation, refining, or is the Post Eagle of Clifton, NJ, published agerial head of the Alliance Publishers and sales. Proponents of breaking up "Big Oil" and edited by Chester Grabowski, who man­ Printers in Chica.go, publishing both Dzien­ _believe divestiture would promote compe­ ages to add spice and controversy to all of nik Zwiazkowy and Zgoda, he has ta.ken the tition within the industry, and result in New Jersey and Metropolitan New York hap­ long step forward in the modernization of lower prices for the consumer. The facts penings. Across the Hudson in Greenpoint, this venerable printing establishment that suggest otherwise. Brooklyn, NY, the Polish American World eventually became housed in John Smulski's The domestic oil industry already is (year 18) serves as a sounding board for all bank building. Starting with its July Bicen­ marked by a healthy amount of competition. that is greening in Greenpoint and environs. tennial Issue Zgoda has gone into photo off­ Some 10,000 companies drill for oil and gas. Newer publications include Perspectives, set, a move which should give its publication There are 260 refineries-operated by 131 New Horizon, Pok6j and Tydzien. more leeway in graphic and pictorial illustra­ companies. The four largest oil companies It is not the purpose of this article to tions. Many Polonian papers have gone to account for 26 per cent of production, 28 present a history of Polonla's press. A subject offset, but not on such a big scale as required per cent of refining, and 29 per cent of gaso­ of this scope would take at lea.st one good­ by the printing needs of Zgoda and Dziennik line sales. Critics of Big Oil seldom dispute sized volume. What I would like to empha­ Zwiazkowy. these figures, yet say they are misleading size is the important role the editors of our We wish this advent and event the best because of the joint ventures that are a fea­ various publications played in the social, cul­ possible success! ture of the industry. But joint ventures al­ tural, economic and political structuring of Yet in stilling the big rotary presses that low the industry to invest in enormo\1$ proj­ our Polonia in the USA. had run for so many yea.rs, Dr. Rozanski ects--such as the $7 billion Alaska pipe­ WLthout exception they wel"e men of com­ waxed nostalgia: "If only these presses could line--that would be beyond the reach of even mitment and dedication. And men like talk!" Perhaps they will one of .these blessed the largest companies. Moreover, companies Wardzinski, Tomasz Siemiradzki, Jan Przy­ days when the ghosts of Polonia's past will be that involve themselves in all levels of pro­ prawa, Jozef Przydatek, Karol Piatkiewicz, less obstrusive.-HA) duction can effect economies of scale and re­ Henryk Lokanski, Zygmunt Stefanowic:z-to duce duplication. mention only a few of them--deserve a niche Divestiture is perceived as a panacea by its of honor in Polonia's history. proponents. Yet proponents such as Demo­ They did not come to America as sea­ SHOULD WE BREAK UP THE OIL cratic Senator Gary Hart of Colorado cannot soned journalists. Some of them were men of COMPANIES? gua.ra.n tee tha.t prices will drop tl Big 011 is letters, others made their mark through tal­ broken up. And according to Massachusetts ent, hard work and personal sacrifices. They Institute of Technology economist M. A. gave substance, meaning and direction to Po­ HON. BILL ARCHER Adelman, a trenchant and long-time critic lonia's publications. OF TEXAS of the oil industry: Natural processes, however, through deaths and retirement, removed them from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Divestiture would be a vast exercise in shuffi.ing papers, transferring title to huge scene. Tuesday, July 27, 1976 Today there are .only a few Last Mahicans assets of plant, cash, and people (and also of old Polonia journalists still working: Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, on June assigning debt). Every company would try Miezyslaw Wasilewski in Sok6Z Polski, J6zef 15, the Senate Judiciary Committee nar- to keep the best and sell or spin-off the rest. July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24151 Investment decisions on new plant and "The oil industry's rate of return, par­ The plain truth is that Americans are get­ equipment and on methods needed to cope ticularly when measured over a relatively ting their energy at bargain rates because with new situations today need all the at­ long period of time, has differed little from of the competitive efficiency of the oil com­ tention possible. They would have to be kept the average rate of return for all U.S. in­ panies. on the back burner because too much money dustry. There is little evidence that the If Congress destroys that efficiency by would depend on sorting out what was al­ industry's profits have been excessive or breaking up the companies it will bring the ready in place. When it was all over, even 'obscene,' as some industry critics have - price of gasoline and fuel oil to the levels putting to zero the costs of delay and dis­ charged." paid by citizens abroad-without really ruption, we would have less competition be­ "Perhaps the most important overall find­ touching on the real energy policy problems cause refiners, for example, would no longer ing of the study is that many of the alleged that will eventually add still another tier be able to enter marketing, or vice versa." anticompetitive practices in the industry of costs. And that would be a real ripoff. The Senate Judiciary Committee, which are not the result of collusion, but can be has been wrestling with divestiture legisla­ traced to often ill advised policies of local, [From the Christian Science Monitor, tion, is to vote on a bill June 15. If approved state, and national governinents, as well as June 21, 1976] by the committee, the divestiture bill will go various regulatory bodies in Washington." "No" TO BIG OIL BREAKUP to the full Senate-while a previous attempt Obviously the foolish attempt to punish Should the major oil companies in the to break up Big Oil was rejected narrowly the oil industry for something it hasn't United States be "broken up"? Some Ameri­ last fall. The United States should knuckle done should be defeated. It is the product cans say "yes" and Congress is advancing down and try to develop the country's oil of confused minds and the urge to kill the legislation that would force Exxon, Mobil, and gas resources (and to expand other en­ bearers of bad news, i.e., quadrupling of oil Texaco and others to split into the industry's ergy sources), in order to free itself from prices by the Organization of Petroleum Ex­ component parts-oil and gas production, oil dependence on the whims of OPEC. Divesti­ porting countries. refining, marketing, and petroleum transpor­ ture would hamper that drive toward inde­ It also diverts the nation from the really tation. pendence. The Senators should vote No. important issue of how the United States But when the emotionalism generated over can move toward energy self-sufficiency, the Arab oil embargo and oil company profits [From the St. Louis Globe Democrat, about which the Senate and the House have is stripped away, the econoinic arguments in June 8, 1976] done nothing but make the problem worse. favor of "divestiture" of the oil industry do THE SENATE'S OIL SLICKERS not seem to us conclusive enough to warrant [From the San Diego Union, June 6, 1976] • Slick Senate liberals intent on breaking taking such a massive step. up the major oil companies into small COMPETITION BENEFITS USERS: "DIVESTITURE" The issue is too complex to examine fully pieces are not going to let the facts get in WOULD BE RIPOFF here. But some of the key points can be their way. To those persons who view ·the oil in­ highlighted : They have made this plain as they push dustry as a conglomerate of monopolistic While "big oil" indeed is big {five of the ahead with Senate bill 2387, the brainchild empires, "divestiture" is a household word. top ten and eight of the top fifteen on the of departing Michigan Democrat Philip A. They want to "divest" the major oil com­ Fortune 500 by annual sales), it is signifi­ Hart-which would break up the top 18 panies of their oilfield-to-the-motorist capa­ cantly less concentrated than many other petroleum companies into as many as 54 bilities by prohibiting ·them from controlling iq.dustries. While the four largest oil com­ pieces. production, refining, distribution and mar­ panies control about 30 percent of refinery Thanks to the support of fellow liberal keting simultaneously. operations, for example, other industrial sec­ senators, Edward M. Kennedy, Birch Bayh Congress appears to be zeroing in on a di­ tors are far more concentrated, automobiles and James Abourezk, this miserable bill vestiture bill that would strip the nation's 93 percent, copper 72 percent, steel mills 44 was approved by a subcommittee of the Sen­ largest oil companies of their explora.tion percent, aircraft 66 percent, and so on. ate Judiciary Committee and now will go functions, dr11ling and pipeline investments. It is true that the oil companies do not al­ before the parent committee for a vote on Presumably further "divestiture" would fol­ ways operate independently. They are in­ June 15. low. volved in so many interlocking and inter­ Hart el al are claiining that vertical in­ The gravamen of the proponent's argu­ weaving combinations and joint ventures tegration of the oil companies, from the ments is that the oil firms have become so thg.t they often become in effect interdepend­ drilling rig to the local gas pump, creates large that they overshadow even ·the gov­ ent. But the relevant question is whether an excessive concentration of market power, ernment of the United States in dealing with these companies are getting together and fix­ vitiates competition and causes inefficiency the Organization of Petroleum Exporting ing prices. The fact is the OPEC cartel con­ and higher costs to consumers. Countries. Their conclusion is that this, in trols the world price of oil, and whether there Independent research of competition in turn, has created the present confrontation are 18 or 1,800 competitors they must adapt the oil industry by a study team associated with OPEC and the present high prices for to the world prices. with George Washington University indi­ energy. As for the "joint ventures," such mam­ cates the proponents of breaking up the in­ Cold, hard facts counter the arguments. moth projects as the Alaska pipeline could tegrated oil companies are all wet. For example: hardly be financed by a single company. In their study, Competition in the Oil No one company accounts for more than Oil company profits have not been "ob­ Industry which was funded by the National 11 per cent of oil and gas production. The scene" as some critics have charged. Since Science Founqation, the four researchers leading four firms have 31 per cent. The top 1960, after tax profits throughout the indus­ found the senators wrong on every point. eight companies 50 per cent. try have increased annually by less than 8 They are wrong on their charge of heavy There are more than 131 different Amer­ percent, which is about the same as all other concentration of market power. "The oil ican oil companies opera.ting 264 oil refin­ manufacturing sectors. Upon close exaillina­ and other energy industries are among the eries with the largest having only 9 per cent tion, the "windfall" profits of two years ago least concentrated in the United States. of the total U.S. capacity. were not as high as has been charged nor Based on this measure alone, there would There are 15,000 wholesale distributors and have they been sustained. appear to be little reason for special anti­ 18,000 fuel oil suppliers in this country. The It has been charged that the major oil re­ trust legislation aimed at the industry." largest controls only 11 per cent of the finers are squeezing out independent re­ Here are other major findings, all of which market. finers in order to gain a more monopolistic refute claims of the Hart led movement in There are more than 300,000 individuals control over that sector of the industry. In the Senate. reta11ing gasoline. Ninety-five per cent of fact, the independents have increased their "Arguments that vertical integration them are independent operators. share of domestic oil refining capacity from lessens competition in the oil industry are The facts hardly · make a case for charges 20 percent to 30 percent since 1950. without foundation." of an oil oligopoly in the United States. They Oil companies divestiture legislation spon­ "The argument that the involvement of do exhibit a lively and vital competition sored by the Senate Judiciary Committee oil companies in other energy activities is that goes to the very heart of the issue. Are would bar all major companies from the anticompetitive is equally without founda­ Americans paying too much for their energy pipeline business. But a George Washington tion." because the oil companies are so big that University study found "little evidence that "There is little evidence that major oil they stifle the dynamism of the world major oil company ownership of pipelines company ownership of pipelines promotes market? promotes anticompetitive abuses." More anticompetitive abuses." First, the profits of oil companies are on likely, it was found, the "outcome of actions "Exchange and processing agreements are a par with all U.S. manufacturing-about 13 against the pipelines will be disruption and available to independent as well as inte­ per cent over the last 10 yea.rs. That hardly confusion in the oil industry, precisely what grated oil firms." constitutes the "ripoff" that many believe the nation does not need nor should it want "Directorate interlocks in the oil indus­ exists. at this time." try do not pose a serious anticompetitive Second, the most recent figures available This is not to suggest there should not be threat." show tha.t U.S. motorists were paying 58 continued public scrutiny of the oil industry. "Entry barriers have not been insur­ cents a gallon for gasoline last September. It is in the public interest to keep looking at mountable. Where they have been most sig­ Australians were paying 84 cents, Belgians the American corporate structure for ways to nificant, in the refining sector, they have it.48. Brita.ins, $1.40, Frenchmen $1.22, make it more efficient and competitive. But, often been the result o! goverllll'.llent poli­ Swedes $1.24, Italians $1.72, and Japanese without demonstrated proof of the advan­ cies-not industry behavior or structure." $1.55. tages of divestiture, the nation would take 24152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS· July 27, 1976 the risk of breaking up an orderly, complex, that Representative DINGELL submits is fallowing assumptions: First, the fuel efficient organization at the very time efforts the "low range" estimate. This in turn economy difference between 0.4 NOx and are demanded to reduce U.S. dependence on is identified in the Three Agency Study 2.0 NOx would be 10 percent; Second, foreign oil. as the General Motors' estimate.2 the EPA Administrator will deny a sus­ It thus seems wisest to await the findings Representative DINGELL's dissenting pension under the committee bill in 1981 . of the Federal Trade Commission, which ts views do not explain this fact or even and 1982, even if there is a 10 percent working on antitrust proceedings against the acknowledge that the Three Agency fuel loss; and Third, the EPA Adminis­ major oil companies. If monopolistic prac­ tices are found, there is no quarrel they Study provides a range of estimates, trator would exercise his discretion un­ should be rooted out. from which Representative DINGELL der the Dingell amendment to set the identifies only the "worst case." GM's NOx standard at 2.0. "worst case" is unrealistically pessimistic. These assumptions are flatly ridicu­ The Three Agency Study shows that the lous and inconsistent with the facts. AUTO EMISSIONS, FUEL ECONOMY, fuel economy difference between the First, the 1977 California Volvo cars AND THE DINGELL AMENDMENT committee proposal and the Dingell have shown that the 0.4 NOx standard amendment may be less than 1 percent could be met in 197 while achieving a in 1980. See "high-range" estimate on 10-percent fuel economy improvement HON. PAUL G. ROGERS page 426. over 1976 California V·olvo's meeting a OF FLORIDA The Three Agency Study itself admits 2.0 NOx standard. EPA has earlier pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the "low-range" estimate is an un­ jected a 10 percent loss associated with Tuesday, July 27, 1976 realistic worst case that "tends to under­ the 0.4 NOx standard, but had noted value the technological improvements that such loss might be eliminated with Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, when the that may be made and used in later the "theoretically possible but undemon­ Clean Air Act Amendments of 1976 University of Michigan's School of En­ Academy of Sciences; sion control scenarios used in the April 8 gineering, Woodcock has indicated that Second. To reduce nitrate concentra­ analysis were primarily in the timing of the the committee bill's emission standards tions which have been shown to cause standards, the major air quality dUl'erences are "feasible from an engineering stand­ or aggravate asthma, bronchitis, and a.re more evident in the early years. For ex­ point in the time frame specified," ac­ other respiratory diseases; ample, as between the Dingell and the Com­ cording to the UAW Washington report, Third. To reduce exposures to nitrous mittee schedules, some 10 % more oxident June 7, 1976, page 1. violations would occur in 1980 under the and nitric acid which are even more po­ Dingell proposa.J.17 Finally, it must be noted that the tent respiratory irritants than N02 or American Import Automobile Dealers nitrates; Second, as the EPA letter implicitlY Association has written to support the Fourth. To reduce atmosphere nitros­ points out, what counts for determining committee bill.9 Again this raises the amine levels-nitrosamines are known harm to health is not the number of re­ question: If the foreign manufacturers cancer-causing agents; gions where the standards are exceeded, can meet the standards, why cannot the Fifth. To help control smog-oxidant-­ but the frequency, duration, and inten­ giant domestic auto companies with all concentrations, particularly rural ox­ sity of those violations. Representative their resources do so? idants and those which form downwind DINGELL ignores this fact al!,d, thus, the The answer has been given by the Cali­ from major urban areas; and true health significance of the data is fornia Air Resources Board: Sixth. To reduce the photochemical distorted. ARB The has estimated that by 1981 all reactions which transform S02 to more Third, Representative DINGELL's analY­ cars could use the 3-way system to meet the toxic sulfate, sulfuric acid derivaties. sis ignores the recommendations of the 0.4 gpm NOx standard if the Congress re­ Representative DINGELL's analysis National Academy of Sciences. In its commits the Nation to the goal of producing clean ca.rs.10 neither notes, nor estimates the impact June 1975 conference, the NAS reviewed on health of failure to achieve adequate all the medical and scientific evidence 2. COSTS NOx control for these purposes. Yet the available and concluded that compliance The Dingell analysis of the costs of need for adequate NOx control for these with the statutory HC and CO standards the committee bill's emission standards purposes has been recognized by the Na­ was "feasible and worthwhile" from a is mistaken for two main reasons. health standpoint in 1978, not 4 years First, the Dingell analysis again ig­ tional Academy of Sciences, the Califor­ nia and Texas Air Control Boards, and later in 1982, as Representative DINGELL nores the range of estimates presented by EPA. proposes. FEA-EPA-DOT and relies solely on the Most telling of all, Representative worst case "low range". As table 3c of Dingell claims No. 5: DINGELL's analysis ignores the more com­ the Three Agency Study shows, under the The air quaility impact of "the Commerce plete Three Agency Study released on "high estimate," there is virtually no Committee standards is negligible by com­ February 17, 1976. That study con­ significant cost differential between the parison to the Dingell . . . amendment and cludes- the heal th benefits are almost imper­ Dingell amendment and the committee A 53 per cent reduction in respiratory dis­ ceptible .1!! bill prior to model year 1985.11 Again, ease disa.b111ty attributable to N02 exposure is anticipated (from 1980-2000) 1f the statu­ Representative DINGELL's analysis nei­ Response: What Representative Dm­ tory standard were implemented. The bene­ ther explains nor acknowledges this se- GELL's analysis fails to disclose is that the fits of implementing the statutory standard lective use of the data. Three Agency Study only examined are most apparent tn the per year estimates Second, much of the excess cost which "selected health effect indicators." 13 As for the year 2000, as a 69 % reduction is pro­ Representative DINGELL attributes to the the study itself warns- jected for that yea.r.lB committee bill is due to the supposed in­ The health effects indicators represents While some of this health benefit is crease in fuel economy consumption that only a partial listing of the effects from high would result from its adoption. But as air pollution levels and are· not intended to Footnotes at end ·of article. 24154 :EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 attributable to the reduction to 2.0 NOx, June 1975, (1976), p. 36; see also House Com­ ing for somebody's veracity to impugn he the health benefit of the further reduc­ mittee Report No. 94-1175, pp. 91-94. might look around his own office. tion to 0 .4 NOx, can hardly be called 16 Id., p. 419. "negligible". 11 Letter from Roger Strelow to Rep. Henry The Register proceeds to answer each Dingell claim No. 7: Waxman, July 15, 1976, pp. 1-2. of Mr. Roswig's arguments. It concludes 18 Panel on Air Quality, Noise and Health, that-- Further reductions in NOx can be achieved Report to the Task Force for Motor Vehicle 1 we thank Mr. Roswig for his letter, and a.t lowest cost by 0 control of stationary Goals Beyond 1980 (Revised Feb: 17, 1976). p. sources. we ca.n only hope it gets the widest possible vii. circulation. We even hope, armed with such Response: Again, the Dingell analysis 10 House Committee Report No. 94-1175, p. specious arguments, the U.S. Postal people omits two crucial facts. First, the Three 419. keep defending themselves before Congress. Agency Study health benefit calculations 20 Id., p. 427. That way the da.y will be hastened when the assumed "a high degree of stringency of repeal comes-as it must come. stationary source control for automobile Perhaps if the Post Office spent more related pollutants," and pointed out that THE PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN OF time delivering the mail and less time "less optimistic assumptions would have T'HE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE writing abusive letters in response to produced less air quality improvement journalistic criticism, more efficiency and a higher level of health effects." 20 might result. It is high time that this In other words, both stationary source HON. PHILIP M. CRANE activity be brought to an end. and new car controls are· needed to re­ OF ILLINOIS I wish to share with my colleagues Mr. duce-but not elimina~air pollution IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Roswig's letter and the editorial response harm to health. Tuesday, July 27, 1976 which appeared in the California Santa Second, the Dingell amend{nent does Ana Register of July 11, 1976 and insert not condition its relaxation of auto emis­ Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in a recent it into the RECORD at this time: sion control on achievement of stationary syndicated column, Allan C. Brownfeld DEFENDS POST OFFICE source controls. It simply provides re­ expressed support for legislation which Allan C. Brownfeld's column a.bout the laxation of the auto NOx standard re­ I have proposed in the House, and Sen­ Postal Service, published in your June 21 gardless of what happens to stationary ator JAMES L. BUCKLEY has proposed in editions, contained several errors of fact and source controls or the public health. the Senate, ending the monopoly now draws some rather faulty conclusions based possessed by the U.S. Postal Service in on an apparent la.ck of information. 4. THE HIDDEN SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DINGELL Mr. Brownfeld begins with the arrogant AMENDMENT the deJivery of first-class mail. Mr. Brownfeld called for competition assumption that "everyone" agrees with his Four remaining effects of the Dingell in first-class mail delivery, pointing to allegations that mail service is "too costly, amendment need to be discussed. First, the inefficiencies of bureaucratic man­ too inefficient and too much of a. burden to by postponing the statutory HC and CO be carried any longer by American tax­ agement and noting that private car­ payers." standards until 1982, the Dingell amend­ riers have made a profit delivering sec­ Dismissing his presumptiveness in being ment will give the automakers another ond- and third-class mail while the U.S. the spokesman for one and a.11, public opinion opportunity to lobby against the stand­ Postal Service loses money in these areas. surveys conducted by the Roper Organiza­ ards in 1979, when the Clean Air Act au­ He suggested that, without the legally tion do not support his position. Of 12 serv­ thorizations must be extended again. mandated monopoly, the same would ices commonly received by the public, postal Second, by eliminating the statutory service outranked all the others in public prove true with regard to first-class mail satisfaction. NO standard, the Dingell amendment delivery. elintlnates a research and production Here a.re a. few facts for your considera­ In response to this column, Bernard tion. Mail service in America. is less expensive target for the auto companies to strive J. Roswig, Director of the U.S. Postal than in most industrialized nations of the toward in the post 1981 years. Service "Public and Media Relations," world. In Switzerland, it costs the equivalent Third, by striking the requirement that wrote a lengthy letter to all of the papers of 15.5 cents to ma.11 a. first class letter; in auto companies make maximum feasible which carried Mr. Brownfeld's column. Japan, 16.6 cents; in Belgium, 16.7 cents; in efforts to comply, the Dingell amendment He referred to the writer as having an Great Brita.in, 18.3 cents; in France, 18 cents; removes all Federal authority to penalize "anogant assumption" and called his in West Germany, 19.5 cents; Italy, 20.3 a bad faith effort by an auto company cents; Australia, 22.9 cents; Sweden, 23 cents. column "ill informed" and serving only And America has a. far greater land mass which simply refuses to try t.o meet the "to confuse." than any of these countries, over which mall standards. It has always been my understanding must be transported, a.nd produces more mail Fourth, by striking the full useful life that employees of the U.S. Government, volume than all of them combined. certificatioR option for the manufac­ such as Mr. Roswig, had as their respon­ As to Mr. Brownfeld's contention that the 'turer-1.0 NOx for 100,000 miles, instead sibility the carrying out of laws passed U.S. Postal Service is "too inefficient" I think of 0.4 NOx for 50,000 miles-the Dingell it is worth noting that its efficiency rate is by the Congress. It is not their job, and not only much improved over what it was amendment eliminates incentives for the is a violation of their mandate, to sup­ five yea.rs a.go, but is significantly better than development of more durable emission port or oppose legislation before the Con­ that of most of the world's postal systems. control systems. gress. In using the taxpayers money and In 1976, 42,374 fewer U.S. Postal Service em­ For all these reasons, I urge the rejec­ time t.o write an abusive letter criticizing ployes handled 1.1 billion more pieces of ma.ii tion of the Dingell amendment and the a journalist who has come out in sup­ than in 1971. retention of the committee proposal. port 0f a specific bill before the Congress, The most recent comparable figures avail­ Mr. Roswig has gone beyond his legiti­ able indicate that in the United States, the FOOTNOTES Postal Service moves 130,614 pieces of mail 1 House Committee Report 94-1175, p. 517. mate area of responsibility. He should be per man-year; Australia., 79,300 pieces; Can­ 2 Id., p. 435. censured for this activity and it should ada., 103,852; France, 44,317; West Germany, a Id., p. 425. cease immediately. 54,941; Great Brita.in, 55,608; Italy, 42,677; 4, Letter from Eric Stork to Committee One of the newspapers to which Mr. Japan, 105,417; Switzerland, 105,211. Counsel, 6-23-76, p. 1. Roswig dispatched his letter, the Santa Next, Mr. Brownfeld says the Postal Service G House Committee Report 94-1175, p. 418. Ana Register, replied to it with an edi­ is "too much of a burden to be carried any­ s Letter from Eric Stork to Committee more by American taxpayers." The sllghtest Counsel, 6-23-76, pp. 1-2. torial, entitled "Post':ll Stonewalling.'' The Register discusses each of the research would have shown him that until 1 Id., p. 2. 1971, the taxpayers paid the entire cost of s House Committee Report 94-1175, p. 417. points made in the letter. It notes, for the ma.11 system. Today they only pay that 9 * * * example, that- portion of the cost that covers "public serv­ 10 California. Air Resources Board, "1977 Not long ago Postmaster General Benjamin ices," and to contribute to keeping rates for Volvo Three-Way Catalyst Automobiles: Fact Ballar, Mr. Roswig's boss, tried to scare Con­ certain publications artificially low. We are Sheet," June 2, 1976, p. 2. gress into furnishing more tax money by en­ also reimbursed from tax revenues for the 11 House Committee Report No. 94-1175, tertaining the possibility of three-days-a­ cost of handling government mail. All other p. 430. week deliveries and curbside rather than postal costs are covered by postal revenues, 12 Id., p. 416. doorstep deliveries. But when columnist not tax revenues. 13 Id., p. 427. Brownfeld reports those threats, a.long comes Mr. Brownfeld says "three days a. week Hid. Mr. Roswig, quick as a. bunny, to accuse him delivery" and "curbside rather than door­ 16 EPA, Progress in Implementation of Mo­ of ma.king a statement that is "absolutely step delivery" are "among the cutbacks now tor Vehicle Emission Standards Through false." We suggest that if Mr. Roswig is look- called for" by the Postal Service. July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24155 That is absolutely false. We are not con­ gress who would repeal the statutes setting And he asks us to believe private com­ sidering a cutback to three days a week. And it up as a first-class monopoly. Accordingly panies would not deliver to rural areas, sug­ we are not contemplating replacing present the monopolists are breathing fire in the di­ gesting only the government monopoly can door delivery with curbside delivery. What rection of the St. Georges. do that. Well, rural communities right now we are doing, and have been doing for years, On June 21, columnist Allan C. Brownfeld, appoint and pay individuals to travel to is providing curbside or cluster-box delivery, writing from Washington, detailed the egreg­ county seats or other central locations to rather than door delivery, in many new sub­ ious inefficiencies of the postal system since pick up local mail; that would of course con­ urban developments, as an economy measure. Congress, in 1970, mandated that the failing tinue because it is a form of voluntary enter­ Finally, Mr. Bromfeld concludes that the Post Office Department be made over into prise, consistent with private contractual Private Express Statutes, which give the "quasi-governmental" organiza.tion, which arrangements. And only a few months ago, Postal Service a monopoly over most first simply compounded the errors. "InsteOO of stopped only by a federal court order, the class mail, should be repealed. He cites vari­ inefficiency being corrected," he wrote, U.S. Postal Service itself was busily closing ous examples of private delivery companies "there has been a 117 per cent increase in the rural post offices. More deception, eh Mr. that have operated at a profit, including the first class postal rates (from 6 to 13 cents), Roswig? Pony Express. What he doesn't cite is the a six cent increase in the letter SOTting error So the Director of Public and Media Rela­ fact that the Pony Express charged $5.00 a rate, and rather than self--sufficiency by 1977 tions of the U.S. Postal Service, par for half-ounce when it started, and, later, $2.00 as envi&ioned, a continu1ng increa.:5e in tax­ Washington, has not learned lesson number a half-ounce. When the Post Office Depart­ payer subsidizaltion." one about economics: "profit" and "success" ment took it over, the cost was reduced to Well, as it has become a melancholy fact are synonymous. The postal system is not $1.00 a half-ounce. The lesson here is that of Potomac life, taxpayers also pay for public successful because it is not profitable. private companies are in business to make a relations people to "answer" charges leveled Mr. Roswig carries this ignorance, perfectly profit, and do so, at least partially, by aban­ a.ga.inst the bureaucracy. Today the Clear­ grand in its silliness, into some general doning unprofitable operations. That is some­ inghouse contains a letter from Bernard J. worries, some "what ifs," about repealing thing the Postal Service cannot do. Roswig, Director of Public and Media Rela­ the postal monopoly: It is a fundamental .obligation of the tions in the Office of the Postmaster General, 1. Foreign governments, he contends, Postal Service to provide service to the Amer­ seeking to refute our columnist. We hope would not deal with private contractors. Tell ican people in all areas and in all communi­ his letter is widely read, beoause it shows that, Mr. -~oswig, to Lockheed; and to all ties at reasonable prices. No private firm better than any pos·tal critic can just how the foreign politicians now clamoring for has indicated a willingness to do this. Their far the system's officials reach in their own private American expertise to streamline interest is only in the densely populated defense. their economies. business areas of cities a.nd many suburban Mr. Roswig attempts to destroy Mr. Brown­ 2. Customers' mall boxes would not be areas. feld's assertion that "everyone seems agreed protected. Tell that, Mr. Roswig, to the peo­ But who would deliver to the hamlets and that the U.S. Post Office is too costly" by ple whose mail boxes are damaged right hollows and small towns of America at rates citing a Roper Poll which purports that of now by your boys. And whatever happened as low as those charged by the Postal Serv­ "12 services commonly received by the public, to letting householders worry about their ice? Who would deliver to the ghettoes of the postal service outranked a.11 the others in own mall boxes? If that is all we have large cities and poor rural areas, areas that-­ public satisfaction." Not to mention the low to worry about.... because of great distances, difficulty of ter­ state int::> which that poll puts most "public 3. People who move from city to city rain or lack of volume--are not profitable? services," that is about the same as saying would have difficulty going through the If private businesses were given the right most people prefer K-9 dogfood for dinner necessary change-of-address procedures. to compete in the area of first class mail, one over eleven other brands. Tell that, Mr. Roswig, to the people who, result would unquestionably be reduced vol­ Moreover, writes Mr. Roswig, postage in have moved, have to go to the post office to ume for the Postal Service in the areas where America is less expensive than in "most in­ fill out the forms, but who have a gang of it is cheapest to provide delivery. And re­ dustrialized nations of the world." He lists private newsboys, private drapery salesmen, duced volume would have the effect of mak­ other industrialized nations' postage rates, private everything else, jostling on their ing postage more expensive for those cus­ conspicuously leaving out the relevant cost­ doorsteps looking for new customers. tomers who chose not to use, or would not of-living statistics of those countries-which 4. There would be no protection, with the have access to alternate mail systems. also are higher than in the U.S. mail service privatized, against fraud and There are many other considerations that To demonstrate the supposed growth of obscenity. There is precious little · of that mitigate against repealing the Private-- Ex­ postal efficiency, Mr. Roswig happily reports protection now; private companies would press Statutes. For example: that "42,374 fewer U.S. Postal Service em­ at least contract not to deliver obscene ma­ Few, if any, governments would permit ployees handled 1.1 billion more pieces of terial to those who don't want it. The Los international mail to be exchanged between mail than in 1971." Of course, he failed to Angeles Free Press, for example, has divided their country and private contractors. say anything at all about the speed with its legitimate section from its juicy ads A customer's mail box and its contents which the mail is getting, or not getting, department, customers buying only what could no longer be guaranteed adequate pro­ from Point X to Point Z, and how it was mis­ they want. And, speaking of fraud, Mr. Ros­ tection by the Postal Inspection Service, be­ handled at Point Y. wig, what about monopolistic bureaucracies cause private carriers would also be using it Next, Mr. Roswig refuses to explain why, that pay Directors of Public and Media Rela­ to make deliveries. when six years ago it promised self-suffi­ tions to deceive people? It would be extremely difficult for house­ ciency, the postal system still relies on taxes 5. Private firms could not protect against holders who move to know which mail deliv­ for its subsistence. He notes that the bu­ unwarranted search and seizure. Egad, Mr. ery firms should receive change of address reaucracy now is only partially tax-sup­ Roswig! Tell that to the federal snoops in orders if any number of them handled mail ported, whereas "postal revenues, not tax the FBI, in the IRS, in the U.S. Postal Serv­ deliveries. Last year, 24 million Americans revenues" support the rest. A mild deception. ice! moved. (Directors of Public and Media Relations are Anyway, we thank Mr. Roswig for his What protection would the public have paid to make mild deceptions.) Actually, and letter, and we can only hope it gets the from mail order frauds or obscenity in the irrefutably, the overwhelming part of the widest possible circulation. We even hope, mails? post office is tax-supported; "postal reve­ armed with such specious arguments, the Protection against unwarranted search nues" mean exorbitant postage rates taken U.S. Postal people keep defending themselves and seizure might never extend to letters in in by dint of the U.S. postal monopoly status, before Congress. That way the day will be the custody of private firms. which Mr. Brownfeld would have abolished. hastened when the repeal comes-as it must The Postal Service welcomes public dia­ Not long ago Postmaster General Benjamin come. logue and constructive criticism, but such Ballar, Mr. Roswig's boss, tried to scare Con­ ill-informed articles as Mr. Brownfeld's only gress into furnishing more tax money by entertaining the possibility of three-days-a.­ serve to confuse. Hopefully this letter will LONGMEADOW BICENTENNIAL help to clarify the confusion generated by week deliveries and curbside rather than Mr. Brownfeld. doorstep deliveries. But when columnist OBSERVANCE BERNARD J. ROSWIG, Brownfeld reports those threats, along comes Director, U.S. Postal Service, Public Mr. Roswig, quick as a bunny, to accuse him and Media Relations. of making a statement that is "absolutely HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND EDITOR'S NoTE.-Please see editorial, "Post­ false." We suggest that if Mr. Roswig is look­ ing for somebody's veracity to impugn he OF MASSACHUSETTS al Stonewalling." might look around his own office. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [From the Santa Ana (Calif.) Register, Next, Mr. Roswig cites the Pony Express as Tuesday, July 27, 1976 July 11, 1976) an example of how, ultimately, a profit-mak­ ing mail carrier cannot make it. He neglects Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the Fourth POSTAL STONEWALLING the fact that the. Pony Express went out of of July 1976 will be long remembered by The abysmal state of the U.S. Postal Serv­ business when a more competitive profit­ millions of Americans as possibly the ice being what l t is, there is bound to be con­ maker, the telegraph companies, came along siderable controversy and confusion. The to carry the mail with more efficiency and most spectacular Independence Day in service has become such a bureaucratic speed. "That is something the Postal Service history. It was a wonderful day of cele­ Brontosaurus that there are those in Con- cannot"-does he mean "should not"?-"do." bration in every community from coast to 24156 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 coast. Rarely has there been such a fine All People That On Earth Do Dwell Washington's First Inaugural Address. display of American patriotism. All people that on earth do dwell, Thomas Jefferson in his Notes on Virginia, I had the good fortune of attending Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice; 1781. and participating in the Bicentennial Him serve with mirth, his praise forth tell, Jefferson's Second Inaugural Address. Come ye before him and rejoice. Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address. Fourth of July celebration in the beauti­ The Gettysburg Address. ful New England town of Longmeadow, The Lord, ye know, is God indeed; The Words Inscribed on the Pedestal of Mass. Small New England towns, like Without our aid he did us make; the Statue of Liberty written by the Jewish I.ongmeadow, played an important part We are his folk, he doth us feed, American Poet Emma Lazarus in 1883. in the Revolutionary War and remain an And for his sheep he doth us take. An address by George Washington to the important backbone of American life 0 enter then his gates with praise, Hebrew Congregation of New Port on Au­ today. Approach with joy his courts unto; gust 17, 1790. Praise, laud, and bless his name always, A Prayer, Rabbi Jordan Ofseyer. The Longmeadow Bicentennial observ­ For it is seemly so to do. Hymn: "O Beautiful for Spacious Skies," ance was marked by oration, music, and Mrs. Artemis Romell, Contralto Soloist and spirit. It was a perfectly organized cere­ For why? Lord our God is good, Song Leader. mony that brought out the spirit of our His mercy is forever sure; The congregation will join in singing the His truth at all times firmly stood, last verse: country in everyone in attendance. I And shall from age to age endure. would personally like to thank the Long­ -Amen. 0 BEAUTIFUL FOR SPACIOUS SKIES meadow Bicentennial Commission for in­ 0 beautiful for spacious skies, For amber viting me to address the town and con­ An Opening Message and Prayer, W. Scott waves of grain, Carter, A Litany of Freedom, the Reverend For purple mountain majesties Above the gratulate them for the success of their Father James P. Menge. Fourth of July celebration. fruited plain! God our Father, we thank you for the land America! America! God shed his grace on At this point I would like to include a we live in, not because it is perfect, but be­ thee, list of members of the Longmeadow Bi­ cause it is ours-ours to make of it what And crown thy good with brotherhood From centennial Committee, and a program we will. sea to shining sea. from the July Fourth ceremony on the May your name be blessed and praised al­ Longmeadow Green. I have also inserted ways in our land! 0 beautiful for pilgrim feet, Whose stern, Here we have our homes to share life with impassioned stress my remarks from that memorable those we love--may we show our thanks by A thorough fare for freedom beat Across the occasion: working to share our gifts of freedom with wilderness! LONGMEADOW BICENTENNIAL COMMITTEE others who desire these gifts. America! America! God mend thine every Crawford Lincoln, Chairman. May your name be blessed and praised al­ flaw, Charles H. Wilkinson, Robert J. Cress, Wal­ ways in our land! Confirm thy soul in self control, Thy liberty ter Maki, Robert B. McTaggart, Harry E. We seek guidance and strength to be re­ In law. Reynolds, Robert Cizek, Donald Temple, Mrs. sponsible people in pursuing freedom for 0 beautiful for heroes proved In liberating Jeanne Peirce. ourselves and others so that all may rejoice strife, Harris E. Adriance, Robert Avery, Mrs. in a united community. Who more than self their country loved, and Dorothy Alstrom, Mr. & Mrs. Ronald Bachio­ May your name be blessed and praised al­ Mercy more than life! chi, Phillip Balise, Mrs. Evelyn R. Bosworth, ways in our land! America! America! May God thy gold refine, Those who were the first builders of our Mrs. Robert Brunett, Douglas Burt. Till all success be nobleness, And every gain Victor Catok, Raymond J . Clark, Mrs. Marie nation believed that you stood by us both divine. Cordis, Mrs. Eleanor Cress, Miss Katie Cur­ in the brightest and in the darkest hours­ rier, William Currier, Mrs. Virginia Flint, may that faith never be lost. O beautiful for patriot dream That sees be­ Mrs. Joan Frost. May Your Name be blessed and praised yond the years Mrs. Jacqueline Garrison, Michael Gelinas, always in our land! Thine alabaster cities gleam, Undimmed by Mr. & Mrs. Grandford Gill, Mrs. Ann Gil­ We have seen days of peace and days of human tears! man, Mrs. Peggy Godfrey, Mr. & Mrs. Curtis war; days of plenty and days of want, help Am~rica ! America! God shed his grace on Guild, Harold Hackworth, Mrs. Ina Hamil­ us to choose those paths that bring peace thee, ton. closer and make unity stronger throughout And crown thy good with brotherhood from Mrs. Elizabeth Hayes, Mrs. Christine Ish­ our land. sea to shining sea.-Amen. am, Miss Hilliary Johnson, Hayes Landon, May Your Name be blessed and praised always in our land! Benediction, the Reverend Ward R. Smith. Robert P. Leavitt, Miss Jane Londergan, 7:30 p.m. Greetings, Crawford Lincoln, Mrs. Nancy Marshall, David Martel. PARTICIPANTS Chairman, Bicentennial Commission. Miss Irene E. Mikus, Mrs. Ester M. Moom­ Participants In the Service: The Bicentennial Concert Part I, the Hart­ jian, Robert T. Muldoon, Mrs. Hertha M. The Rev. Bruce Benander, Pastor, Bethesda ford Concert Band, Mr. Lenzy R. Wallace, Platzer, Alan Pomeroy, Harold Retchin, Evangelical Lutheran Church, Springfield. Jr., Conductor. Peter Santos, Victor Shayeb, Jr. Mr. Robert Brown, Member, First Church Star-Spangled Banner, Mrs. Artemis Rom­ Miss Marjorie Skiff, Dr. Raymond T. Smith, of Christ in Longmeadow. ell, soloist. Mrs. Ann Southworth, Mrs. Margaret Stoler, Mr. W. Scott Carter, First Reader. First Stars and Stripes Forever, John Philip Bruster Sturtevant, Wallis Sturtevant, Mr. & Church of Christ, Scientist, Longmeadow. Sousa. Mrs. James Sullivan, Mrs. Jean Summersgill. The Rev. Gary A. DeLong, Co-Pastor, The A Colonial Rhapsody, Edward Madden. Mrs. Janice Throne, Maurice Triouleyre, First Church of Christ in Longmeadow. The Minstrel Boy, Arr. Leroy Anderson. Mrs. Joan Vent!, Mack Wallace, Mrs. Louis The Rev. Father James P. Menge, Assistant Battle Hymn of the Republic, Traditional, Watkins, Mrs. Sherron Williams, Alfred L. Pastor, St. Mary's Catholic ·church, Long­ Arr. WilUam Moffett. Wood, George A. Yarsley, Jr. meadow. When the Saints Go Marching In, Tradi- Rabbi Jordan Ofseyer, Beth El Temple, tional, Arr. Harold Walters. [From the Longmeadow (Mass.) News, Springfield. Deep River Suite, Arr. Frank Erickson. June 30, 1976] Mrs. Artemis Romell, Contralto, Music Di­ Semper Fidelis March, John Philip Sousa. rector, St. George Greek Orthodox Church, The Bicentennial Oration-: Pronounced by THE PROGRAM Springfield. The Honorable Edward P . Boland, United Observance Marking the Bicentennial of The Rev. Clarke B. Schaaf, Co-Pastor, The States Congress, House of Representatives, the United States of America-July 4, 1976, First Church of Christ in Longmeadow. Second Mass. District. Longmeadow, Massachusetts. The Rev. Ward R. Smith, Rector, St. An­ Introduced by Mr. Robert B. McTaggart, 7 p.m. A Service of Worship; Call to Wor­ drew's Episcopal Church, Longmeadow. President, Longmeadow Historical Society. ship Hymn, The Rev. Bruce K. Benander, A Dramatic Reading; Introduction: "On The Bicentennial Concert Part II: Old Hundredth. the Faith of America," The Reverend Gary Songs of Scott Joplin, Arr. John Cacavas. Music in colonial churches was confined to A. DeLong; The Reading: "The Wisdom Lit­ Alexander's Ragtime Band, Irving Berlin. the singing of the Psalms, mainly from the erature of America," Ra.bbl Jordan Ofseyer, Strike Up the Band, George Gershwin. Bay Psalm Book of 1640. "All People that on The Reverend Clarke B. Schaaf. Ballet Parisien, Jacques Offenbach. Earth Do Dwell" or "Old Hundredth" is the The Sources: Judges 8:22. A Trumpeter's Lullaby, Leroy Anderson. oldest hymn setting in use today. The singing A sermon preached by John Winthrop, the or hymns, or psalms, was "lined out" by a first leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Brighton Beach March, Wllllam P. Latham. Deacon of the parish who set the tune. The on board ship in 1630 evening before landing Audience Singalong, Traditional. congregation remained seated and responded in the New World. Daisy, The Band Played On, For He's a Jolly phrase by phrase. MI'. Robert Brown, member The Declaration of Independence in Con­ Good Fellow, Hail, Hail, the Gang's All Here. of First Church of Christ, will "line out" the gress, July 4, 1 776. God Bless America, Irving Berlin, Mrs. first verse. All will singe the remaining·verses, The Preamble to the Constitution of the Artemis Romell, contralto soloist. a Capella. United States. 9 p.m. The lllumination of the Green and July 27, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24157

Historic District, Mr. Charles H. Wilkinson, this year and we know the stories well. Per­ Unquestionably, they still serve today to set Coordinator. haps, however, we can empathize more with the struggle that we must stlll continue to Special acknowledgements: the Fourth o! July celebration of one hun­ this day. · The appearance of the Hartford Concert dred years ago. It wasn't Paine, but Jefferson, that said Band is made possible by grants from W. F. The centennial celebration of independ­ "The Price of Liberty ls eternal vigilance.': Young & Co:, Stearns and Yerrall, Valley ence took place in a time remarkably like Those two thoughts together show us-as Bank and the Longmeadow Community Mar­ ours. The events of 1876 are, in a way, much they did our forefathers--that this great ex­ ket. easier to understand than the more distant, periment in democracy, the United States of legendary occurrences of 1776. America, can only survive through constant SPEECH GIVEN BY CONGRESSMAN EDWARD P. One hundred years ago the United States attention to the quest for freedom, for jus­ BOLAND was just recovering from some severe set­ tice, for peace. backs. If at times we falter-as we have in Viet­ "Reverend clergy, Chairman Crawford Lin­ The economy was slowly recovering from nam and during the Watergate scandals-we coln and members of the Bicentennial Com­ the depression of 1873. The Civil War was a learn quickly that it is only in returning to, mission, Citizens of Longmeadow-my fellow recent painful memory. President Grant's and abiding by, our earliest expressions of Americans. independence, that we can persevere. I am grateful for the invitation that brings administration was riddled with scandal and the Nation was calling for reform. Incredible Ladies and Gentlemen, today we celebrate me to this beautiful New England town to the 200th anniversary of the signing of the participate in this bicentennial observance. advances were being made in technology, but to many, these adv;ances seemed to be Declaration of Independence. It is in that I have been here before, on this magnifi­ document that we can find a blueprint for cent common, marking other Longmeadow taking the life out of living. The people of Longmeadow, after finally our next 100 years, for our national policy at events, and I never cease to marvel or to be home and abroad. moved by the splendor of the Longmeadow getting their sons back from the Union Army, were witnessing a change in the Lower Join with me now in recalling those un­ green. It is indeed, as Joan McNally essayed dying sentiments: in the Longmeadow News, "The heart of all Pioneer Valley--a shift to technology and the accompanying problems of an industrial­ "We hold these truths to be self-evident your centerings where your plaques and that all men are created equal, that they ar~ plantings and the flag of our land are rooted ized society. The stops of the underground railroad, endowed by their creator with certain un­ in this hallowed place." alienable rights, that among these are life, We come here this evening to etch another here in Longmeadow, and elsewhere were closed; but the Untted States wa~ stlll liberty and the pursuit of happiness .. . event on this historic landmark. that to secure these rights, governments are This Town of Longmeadow's bicentennial searching for a way to protect the rights and responsibilities of all her citizens. instituted among men . . . that whenever celebration marking the 200th birthday of any form of government becomes destructive the United States of America, to note one of Change the names, and those problems of 1876 sound very familiar. of these ends, it is the right of the people history's most unique declarations. Harken to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new to the last line: "And for the support of this Nevertheless, in 1876, the Nation mounted a centennial exposition in Philadelphia that government, laying its foundation on such declaration, with a firm reliance on the pro­ principles, and organizing its powers in such vidence, we mutually pledge to each other was attended by 10 million people. The country had an optimistic view of form, as to them, shall seem most likely to our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor." effect their safety and happiness.'' Each of those who signed and the many, what would happen in the future. We were able to envision another century of progress, If we can live up to those sentiments, if many more who supported the Declaration, we can do so in light of the lessons we have made the pledge. They did so after complet­ another century of success as a Nation. In spite of wars, depression-recession-in­ learned as a Nation in such bitter fashion ing an arduous task. then we will secure a successful future, an~ The Continental Congress spent a great fiation, domestic unrest, soandal, the Nation was able to look forward to another hundred other 100 years-for Longmeadow, for Mas­ deal of time discussing independence and years of greatness, another bright day. sachusetts, for the United States. what it would mean to the colonies. Today, in spite of many of the same things, That ls the challenge of the Bicentennial. Independence Hall was filled with debates we can do the same. I congratulate the Longmeadow Bicen­ and compromises, but finally the Congress During this Bicentennial, we have been tennial Commission, the public officials of reached agreement. And that document has looking backward, taking pride in the conti­ this town and its people for joining in this symbolized freedom to the world ever since. nuity of the Republic, recognize the quality celebration. I have the honor and privilege It is two hundred years of freedom that we and vigor which has characterized American of expressing to all of you the gratitude of celebrate today. Since this day does mark the life for two hundred years. But at the same the United States of America. anniversary of that declaration and the high­ time, we should be looking to the future. light of the Bicentennial celebrations, per­ , This year, as in 1876, there are doomsayers haps we should ask ourselves-"What hap­ abroad in the land. They are foretelling dire pens now?" things for us as a people and as a nation. THE OLD FRONT PORCH Do we simply gather up the red, white and All of us recognize the reasons for their con­ blue bunting and store it away for the tri­ cern. I share many of those concerns. What centennial? Or do we take something with I do not share is their pessimism. HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE . us into this country's third century? As on July 4, 1776, and again on July 4, Two hundred years ago, after the liberty 1876, we are f&cing times that will try us, OF PENNSYLVANIA bells stopped tolllng, the citizens of the new times thalti will test us as a nation, times IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United States were only beginning to realize that will determine whether democracy can Tuesday, July 27, 1976 the ditficulties which lay ahead. survive in a changing world. Before them were Valley Forge, the des­ No bed of roses ls waiting for this Nation; Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, in this perate, uncertain days, until final military there never has been. But I firmly believe Bicentennial Year Americans all across victory, the overwhelming tasks of writing that we can meet and solve these problems, our Nation are taking a long and longing and ratifying a constitution, and establishing that the next century will be as successful a.S look at some of our oldest traditions. We a viable government. the last two. That success will depend on hear a lot about apple pie, hot dogs, The signing of the Declaration of Inde­ all of us, on our children and grandchildren. pendence was only the first step on the long Americans have never shirked this respon­ Fourth of July picnics, and Thanksgiv­ road to the formation of a viable nation. sibility-we do not shirk it now. ing, but in the small cities and towns of Here in Western Massachusetts the tasks The Fourth of July, 1976, as great as it our country there is another che.rished were equally arduous. has been for us, is unavoidably followed by tradition that gets little notice. Although settled in 1644, the Town of Long­ the rest of July and the rest of the year. The Mr. Joseph X. Flannery, who writes for meadow, known as the "Third Parish of bunting is put away and we have to sweep the Scranton Sunday Times and is one Springfield," was not yet "otficially" in ex­ up after the parade. We must make sure, of our most respected columnists in istence. In fact, Longmeadow was the first however, that what this Fourth has meant town incorporated-in 1783-in the inde­ stays with us. That the past celebrated today northeastern Pennsylvania, recently pendent Commonwealth of Massachusetts. continues to serve as a guide for the future. called attention to that tradition, the old The citizens of Longmeadow, after doing More than 200 years ago, Thomas Paine front porch, as a significant part of our their part in the continental armies, had to wrote in his famous work, "Common Sense": culture. His interesting column will jog plan roads, churches, schools, fire wards, com­ "We have it in our power to begin the a few memories and perhaps take us back mons and greens-in short, establish a com­ world over again. 'Tis not the concern of a to a less hectic time, when sitting on the munity. day, a year, or an age; posterity are vir­ front porch was a wonderful way to en­ All this faced them on July 4, 1776, and the tually involved 1n the contest, and will be joy life on a hot summer night. Here immediate response to the Declaration of In­ more or less atfected even to the end of dependence, in Longmeadow, as well as in time, by the proceedings now. Now is the neighbors visited, young lovers dreamed. the rest of the country, must have included seedtime of continental union, faith and and families watched the world pass be­ some trepidation about the challenges !acing honor." fore them, to the enjoyment of an occa­ the new nation. Someone no doubt repeated those words sional cool breeze. Those beginnings have been celebrated with great emphasis in Philadelphia in 1876. Mr. Flannery's reflections make most 24158 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1976 enjoyable reading, and I am enclosing destined to spend the balance of the night employees to a degree that will accelerate Mr. Flannery's column for the Membe.rs' unaware of the heat in their bedrooms. the very infiation with which it was intended The darkness of the porch was a good van­ to cope. Furthermore, it will bring about information: tage point for watching the passing strol­ other unforeseen problems tha.t wm cause THE OLD FRONT PORCH lers-many of them young lovers walking difficulties far beyond 'those which we have (By Joseph X. Flannery) with arms locked around each other and thus far encountered DUNMORE, PA.-Air-conditioning, electric thoroughly enjoying the cool air. The porch All of this was forecast by our highly­ fans, refrigerators and even home insulation on a summer night also was a good place for esteemed former member, Martha Griffiths, all have changed the nature of hot summer a neighborhood visit. Often the chit-chat who represented Michigan in the Congress nights in Small Town, America. would go on well past midnight. for so many years. In 1970, while she was There was a time when the only relief one How would one tell whether someone was chairing a meeting of the Joint Economic had from high temperatures and humidity on a neighbor's porch and available for a Committee she forecast a taxpayers' revolu­ was to spend hours on the front porch-pos­ nocturnal visit? Well, the glow of a cigarette tion which would eventually occur as a re­ sibly until 2 or 3 o'clock in the morning. or cigar or the touching of a match to a pipe sult of the taxpayers' conclusion that they Swings could be heard with their rhythmic might be one tipoff. Or the creaking of a would have to work longer hours and pay squeaks late into the night--with only the swing chain or the squeaking of a fioorboard heavier taxes in order to support the early under a rocking chair might be another. retirement and the generous pensions that sound to indicate that a person was still on Young lovers, lucky enough to _get a dark­ the darkened porch. Or it might be a rocking were being legislated for public employees. ened porch to themselves, wanted no visitors That was in 1970, long before the effects chair upon which a person would sit to await as they painted plans for their future. the infiltration of the cool night air into the of the cost-of-living increase or the one per­ Today's homes have many ways to beat cent add-on had even begun to be felt! Since hot upstairs bedrooms. On one of these the summer heat. Yet, something has gone chairs, a person could prop himself up with that time, Mr. Chairman, we have seen the out of summer enjoyment since architects City of New York on the verge of bank­ feet on the porch railing and catch a bit of began building homes without front porches. sleep in the comfort of nature's own air­ ruptcy; we have witnessed the state em­ conditioning. ployees of Massachusetts so adamant in re-. Indoors, a home might have the luxury of sisting change in their pension plan that the a few electric fans, but there was nothing like governor had to take drastic steps in an the big window fans that are so common to­ FEDERAL PENSION BENEFITS effort to remain solvent; we have seen the day. The fans that were popular then were District of Columbia (the city whose pen­ small, swivel models that rippled the air sion plan ls very much the creature of Con­ gently but did not do much for cooling peo­ HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT gress) now confronted with unfunded lia­ OF CALIFORNIA bilities that are so extensive that Senator ple. And air-conditioning in a home was Eagleton has warned Congress and the ne.­ unknown. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRF.SENTATIVES tion of a pending time bomb pension explo­ Thus, with no electrical means of forcing Tuesday, July 27, 1.976 sion. the cool night air into the stuffy upstairs Mr. Chairman, there are other signs of rooms, when a torrid heat wave arrived, the Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, Hast­ disaster-even of revolution-which con­ only real escape was to fiee to the front porch. ings Keith, the distinguished former front the country in general and Congress Sure, an occasional mosquito might raise the Member from the State of Massachusetts, in particular. There are big questions which price for such comfort, but this was more you and your colleagues have been wrestling than offset by the other wonders of nature, in a recent letter to Representative RICH­ with for many years; these problems h~we including falling stars in the black sky, the ARD WHITE, chairman of the Retirement and Employee Benefits Subcommittee, developed because of the "layering" of bene­ incessant singing of crickets, the occasional fits that has occurred as Congress has at­ croaking of a frog, "heat lightning" ft.ashing House Committee on Post Office and Civil tempted to do something additional for the in the sky beyond the nearest mountain Service, has succinctly explained the na­ civil service constituency in most every year, range or Mge of town, and lightning bugs ture of the inflationary impact of the certainly in every election year. I am sym­ fiickering over the lawn. current 1-percent add-on to the cost-of­ pathetic to your problem, and as you know, The usual front-porch refreshment taken living increases for Federal pension bene­ genera.Hy speaking, I supported legislation to fight the heat was lemonade, made with which this committee has brought to the real lemons and sugar-not any powdered fits. Considering that this issue, cur­ rently pending before the House, has fioor of Congress. concentrate with an artificial sweetener. I would, however, in self-defense point out Many families did not have refrigerators, provoked considerable controversy over that I have fil"om time-to-time protested so the lemonade was cooled in the icebox in the question of repealing the 1-percent some of what seemed to me to be overly­ the kitchen. If there was ice to spare, some add-on at a savings as high as $38 billion generous amendments which have been chips might be taken from the main block over the lifetime of the present annui­ added to the Civil Service Retirement Act and added to the pitcher of lemonade. How­ tants, I believe that this well reasoned and to other Acts relating to retirement ever, if the ice in the box was in short sup­ letter merits your serious attention. benefits. I have registered my concern in ply-as it usually was-the lemonade would The Library of Congress was requested Congressional debates on many occaslons­ be served without this luxury taken from a on abuses in the Railroad Retirement Act of local lake the preceding winter. to evaluate the Federal pension benefit 1960, on the generosity of the federal ju­ In some homes, there were certain summer projections made by Mr. Keith in his dlciary's pension plan, and generally on the days when it was necessary to put a fire letter to Congressman WHITE. Although early retirements of federal employees, whose in the kitchen stove. Maybe it was needed the Library estimates are slightly lower so-called "hazardous" occupations were fre­ to supply water for washing clothes or to than Mr. Keith's, the astronomical ef­ quently used to provide early retirement for heat the oven to bake a week's supply of fect of a 6-percent inflation rate on Fed­ them. It seemed to me then as it does now bread. In any case, the stove was used that that lateral transfers within the civil service day, the day that happened to coincide with eral pensions is clearly demonstrated. The letter follows: would have made possible a much more effec­ the temperature's moving into the 90's, so tive ~ utilization of their talents and at the this added to the heat in the home. This BROCKTON, MASS., June 22, 1976. same time saved the taxpayers hundreds of in turn, made the escape to the porch even Hon. RICHARD c. WHITE, thousands of dollars--perhaps millions o! more certain that evening. Chairman, Subcommittee on Retirement and dollairs. Of course, if the kitchen stove was not Employee Benefits, U.S. Congress, Wash­ Finally, Mr. Chairman, I voted for the needed during the hot weather, the fire ington, D.C. H. R. Gross amendment that would have was allowed to go out and the cast-iron DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I regret that a hos­ deleted the one percent add-on in 1969. I monster was allowed to sit idle while the pital stay prevented me from testifying before did speak against this amendment but such cooking was done on a kerosene stove. your committee concerning the proposal to argumentation was inadequate, and we com­ While this produced fumes that became discontinue the so-called "one percent add­ mitted the nation to a course, the fruit of one of the characteristic odors of summer, it in" feature of the Civil Service (Mllitary) which has brought us to the point where we also had the advantage of not heating up the Retirement Plan for all federal annuitants. I are now. home. However, it also involved one more job appreciate your willingness to make this Under the Henderson bill those existing for the children of the family: Carrying a can letter a matter of public record in the hear­ add-ons which the legislation seeks to stop or jug to the nearest service station to have ings which you will be publishing of today's are eliminated. No recognition ls given to it refilled' with kerosene. meeting. the existence of those a.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEiS-Wednesday, July 28, 1976 The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. dom, patience, and understanding we PERMISSION FOR SUBCOMMITI'EE The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, may do our work well this day. May our ON ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY, D.D., offered the following prayer: presence in this House and Thy presence AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF ' Be of good courage and He shall in our hearts enable us to share more COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND strengthen your heart, all you who trust fully the responsibility of governing this LABOR TO SIT TODAY DURING in the Lord.-Psalms 31: 24. land we love. May all the work done re 5-MINUTE RULE guided by Thy spirit and flow from hearts. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Almighty and Eternal God, the Creator dediceted to the needs of others. and Sustainer of life and the Companion unanimous consent that the Subcommit­ of our pilgr;m wav, we oray for our Na­ In the spirit of Him who is the Way, tee on Elementary, Secondary, and Voca­ tion that with 'Thy gracious spirit and the Truth, and the Life we pr-y. Amen. tional Education of the Committee on our genuine efforts all hatred and hos­ Education and Labor be permitted to sit tility, all m glice and misery, all indiffer­ today during the 5-minute rule. ence to t.he needs of others ma v come to THE JOURNAL Mr. Speaker, I make this request so an end in our land and that light and that we may continue to hold hearings The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ which were prescheduled. life, love, and lirerty may become in­ ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to creasingly a reality in our Republic. ceedings ::>nd announces to the House his the -request of the gentleman from Grant that our citizens may le3rn to live approval thereof. Florida? together doing justl 1 , loving mercy, and Without objection, the Journal stands Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, reserving with good will in every heart. approved. the right to object, will the gentleman We pray for ourselves that with wis- There was no objection. tell us the subject matter?