Conceptual Metaphor in John Grisham's Novel The
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CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE SUMMONS A PAPER WRITTEN BY FRENGKI HERMANTO MARBUN REG. NO: 122202033 DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY FACULTY OF CULTUTRE STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I am FRENGKI HERMANTO MARBUN, declare that i am the sole author this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material publised elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which i have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education. Signed: .............. Date:.......July 2015 i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION Name : FRENGKI HERMANTO MARBUN Title of Paper : CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE SUMMONS Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study Program : English I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma English Department Faculty of Culture Studies USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia. Signed: Date :...........July 2015 ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This paper is entitled Conceptual Metaphor in John Girsham’s Novel The Summons. Language is an system arbitrary of simbolic of sound that used by people to make communication. Metaphor is a figure of speech of comparison that positions two things to be same or comparing caused they have characteristic that almost same. The part of metaphor has differences of kinds , defenitions and functions, they are: Metaphor in Prasentia is metaphor that having characteristeic eksplicitly. Metaphor in absentia is formed from abuse of meaning. This paper more talk about how the kinds of metaphor and what is the function of metaphor used in novel . In this research the writer uses book of analysis method from some experts to complete this paper. iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Kertas karya ini berjudul Conceptual Metaphor in John Grisham’s Novel The Summons. Bahasa adalah sebuah sistem lambang bunyi arbitrer yang digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk tujuan komunikasi. Majas metafora merupakan majas perbandingan yang memposisikan dua hal menjadi sama atau sebanding sebab keduanya memiliki sifat yang hampir serupa. Masing-masing bagian dari metafora memiliki jenis-jenisnya, defenisi dan fungsi yang berbeda, yaitu: Metafora in praesentia adalah metafora yang bersifat eksplisit. Metafora in absentia yang memiliki pengertian metafora yang dibentuk berdasarkan penyimpangan makna. Dalam pembahasan novel ini lebih membahas bagaimana jenis-jenis metafora tersebut dan apa fungsi metafora.Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode analisis buku dari beberapa pakar untuk melengkapi tugas akhir ini. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, i would like thank to God Jesus Christ who blessing and guidance in writing this paper. Without his blessing, I can not finish this paper. This paper is written to fulfill one of requirements order to achieve the degree of Diploma III at Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. I wish to deliver deepest thankfulness to especially : ● Dr. Matius C.A.Sembiring, M.A as the Head of English Diploma Study Program who has given advice and motivate in process my paper. ● Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as my supervisor who has given advice to me, and valuable time in the correction and criticals in completing this and leading for me to accomplish my paper. ● Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. as my reader who has given his valuable time in reading and giving constructive critics in completing this paper. ● My beloved parents, Danson Marbun and Nuriasi Simatupang. I thankfull for them and always gave me passion, motivate and absolutely their prays to me in my paper process. ● My beloved brother and sister, Herto Marbun, S.T and Hertika Marbun, thank you for always praying and support for me ● My beloved friends, Eci Sitinjak, Joshua Simanjuntak, Angga Ricky, Gilang Tirta who has together for support in my paper process and pray each other. v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ● My beloved friends of boarding house Daniel Siahaan, Julius Ginting, Bagus Purba and Fanther Hutagaol who has always given support, joke, motivate and pray for me. ● My beloved friends SOLIDAS USU 2012, especially for my classmates in Class A and Class B in English Diploma III i realize that i seldom made mistake in it. And i hope all of us could be a great leader in future. Finally, i hope this paper could be useful to all of the readers and all people who read this paper. Medan, July 2015 The writer, FRENGKI HERMANTO MARBUN Reg. No. 122202033 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHORS DECLARATION........................................................................ i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION................................................................... ii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................... iii ABSTRAK....................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study................................................................ 1 1.2 The Problems of the Study.................................................................... 2 1.3 The Scope of the Study......................................................................... 3 1.4 The Purpose of the Study...................................................................... 3 1.5 The Significance of the Study............................................................... 3 1.6 The Method of the Study...................................................................... 3 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Defeniton of Metaphor.................................................................. 4 2.2 The Kinds of Metaphor......................................................................... 6 2.3 The Conceptual of Metaphor................................................................ 8 2.3.1 Meaning of Figurative.......................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Teory of Metaphor............................................................................... 15 3. THE DESCRIPTION OF METAPHOR 4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion............................................................................................ 35 4.2 Suggestion............................................................................................ 36 REFERENCES............................................................................................. 37 APPENDICES.............................................................................................. 39 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by Supervisor, Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum NIP. 19630216198903 1 003 Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara In partial fulfillment of the requirement for Diploma-III in English Study Program Approved by Head of English Diploma Study Program, Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara As a Paper for the Diploma-III Examination viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for D-III Examination of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study,University of Sumatera Utara. The examination is held on July , 2015 Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara Dean, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013197603 1 001 Board of Examiners Signature 1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) 2. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum (Supervisor) 3. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. (Reader) ix UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study Language as an asset of human to expressing mind and feeling or as detail Language is part of communication that humans using in daily activities. Many people have much language variation, both of formal language and informal language. The especial language in using specific language can help our communication. The explaining about metaphor, it just looks from the language in our daily activities. Metaphor could be looked as a additional for decorative to make good language in our activity. And then it could be looked as rethorical that important used to get influence for our language. In many differences about defenition of language in the world, so according to Sudaryono has defenition that language is an asset of communicating effectively although it was clearly so its as asset of comunic ation to be part of miss understanding. In this era, developing of language is very advanced and highly developed using form of speech which exactly we know one of them with some sentences/ metaphorical figure of speech. In the daily activities many people,especially young rarely uses sentence that uses the metaphor. For example: after year of missbehaving, he turned over a new leaf this year. There are so many languages in the world. These are definition about Metaphor according to some experts: