An Elementary Introduction to the Book of Common Prayer
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B1BL. MAT. COLLEGE AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION Book of Common mi t^f 6X _ BY THE REV. FRANCIS PROCTER, M.A VICAR OF WITTON, NORFOLK; AUTHOR OF " A HISTORY OF THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER, AND THE REV. G. F. MACLEAR, D.D. CANON OF CANTERBURY. WARDEN OF ST AUGUSTINE S, CANTERBURY. AND LATE HEAD MASTER OF KING S COLLEGE SCHOOL, LONDON B1BL.MAI. COLLEGE UonOou : MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1901 [All Rights reserved."* OIKOC KA I Aerei AYTOIC, reppAnTAi, OIKOC nPOCEYXHC KAHOHceTAi. S. MATT. xxi. 13 " Concerning the place of assembly although it serve for other to this uses as well as this, yet seeing that our Lord Himself hath as to the chiefest of all other plainly sanctified His own temple, by " of entitling it the House of Prayer," what preeminence dignity soever hath been either by the ordinance or through the special favour and providence of God annexed unto His Sanctuary, the be in of COMMON principal cause thereof must needs regard PRAYEB." HOOKEK. Eccl. Pol. v. xxv. 2. this book in its The first and second editions of original form First were published respectively in 1862 and 1866. Edition in this form 1868. Reprinted 1870, 1871, 1873, November January and December 1875, 1876, May and 1877, 1878, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1886, 1889, 1892, 1894, 1896, 1898. 1901. PREFACE, A fifth edition of the Elementary History of l/ie Book of Common Prayer having been called at the for, the opportunity has been taken sug gestion of many engaged in Education of intro ducing several important additions. Besides the re-arrangement, therefore, of the in the third work generally, which was carried out Edition, the Historical portion is now supple mented not only by an Explanation of the Morning and Evening Prayer, and of the Litany, but also of the Service for the Holy Communion, and the Bap tismal and Confirmation Offices. As in the other Class-Books of the Series, Notes have been subjoined and references given to larger works, and it is hoped that the volume will be found adapted for use in Schools, and a suitable manual for the Oxford and Cambridge Local Examinations V1 PREFACE. Some of the papers set in these Examinations have been printed in the Appendix. As in the Class-Book of the Catechism, I have to acknowledge my great obligations to W. A. Brunton, Esq., for the trouble he has taken in revising the sheets and enlarging the Index. KING S COLLEGE SCHOOL, Easter Term, 1877. CONTENTS PART I. GENERAL HISTORY OF THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER PAGES CHAPTER I. Service-Books of the Early Church 1 4 CHAPTER II. Service- Books of the Early English Church 4 7 CHAPTER III. Service - Books of the Medieval English Church 710 CHAPTER IV. The Breviary, the Hours, and the Prymer 10 14 CHAPTER V. Revision of Church-Books in the reign of Henry VIII 1517 CHAPTER VI. The First Prayer-Book of Edward VI 1723 CHAPTER VII. The Second Prayer-Book of Ed- wardVI 2328 CHAPTER VIII. The Prayer-Book of Queen Eliza- l^th 2934 CHAPTER IX. The Prayer-Book during the reign of James 1 34 3tt vni CONTENTS. PAGES CHAPTER X. The Prayer-Book during the reign of Charles 1 3841 CHAPTER XI. The Prayer-Book during the reign of Charles II 4145 CHAPTER XII. The Savoy Conference; Parti. ... 45 51 CHAPTER XIII. The Savoy Conference; Part II. ... 5256 CHAPTER XIV. The Savoy Conference; Part III.... 5661 APPENDIX. Attempted Revision in the reign of William III... 6163 PART II. THE OBDEB FOE DAILY MOBNING AND EVENING PEAYEB AND THE LITANY EXPLAINED. I. THE ORDER FOR MORNING PRAYER. CHAPTER I. General Scheme of the Service 6465 CHAPTER II. The Introduction 65 71 CHAPTER III. The Psalms 7176 CHAPTER IV. The Lessons 7681 CHAPTER V. The Canticles ., 8188 CONTENTS. i* PAGES CHAPTER VI. The Creed or Profession of Faith... 8892 CHAPTER VII. The Prayers 9296 CHAPTER VIII. The Prayers continued 96 W II. THE ORDER FOR EVENING PRAYER 100104 III. THE LITANY. CHAPTER I. Origin of the Litany lOi 108 CHAPTER IE. Division of the Litany 108116 IV. THE OCCASIONAL PRAYERS AND THANKSGIVINGS... 116 121 PART III. THE ORDER FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE LORD S SUPPER OR HOLY COMMUNION. CHAPTER I. The Primitive Liturgies 122125 CHAPTER II. The Introduction 125130 CHAPTER III. The Preparation 131135 CHAPTER IV. TJie Consecration and Communion 135 139 CHAPTER V. The Thanksgiving 139 144 II. THE BAPTISMAL OFFICE. CHAPTER I. General Structure and Rubrics ... 145 147 CHAPTER H. The Introduction .. 147 152 X CONTENTS. PAGES CHAPTER III. The Baptismal Vows 152 155 CHAPTER IV. The Baptism 155159 CHAPTER V. The Thanksgiving 159160 III. THE ORDER OF CONFIRMATION. CHAPTER I. The Title 161164 CHAPTER II. The Preface 164167 CHAPTER III. The Act of Confirmation 167 172 APPENDICES. I. Table of events connected with the History of the Book of Common Prayer 173177 II. The Lord s Prayer from the Prymer, circ. A.D. 1400 177 III. Canticum S. Ambrosii at Augustini from the Sarum Breviary, and the Te Deum Lauda- mus from the Prymer, circ. A.D. 1400 176 179 IV. SymbolumApostolorum and the Apostles Creed from the Prymer, circ. A.D. 1400 180 V . The Nicene Creed, A. D. 325, and the Constanti- nopolitan Creed, A.D. 381 181 182 VI. Symbolum Athanasii 182 183 EXAMINATION PAPERS 184 190 INDICES. I. General Index 191195 II. Index of Words explained in the Notes 190 PART I. GENERAL HISTORY OP THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. CHAPTER I. SERVICE-BOOKS OF THE EARLY CHURCH. K. D. 1590. i . Early Origin of the Book of Common Prayer. The construction of our English Book of Common 1 Prayer can only be understood by reference to the earlier forms from which it is derived. It is an inherit ance that has come down to us from the remote ages of Christianity, and originated in the Form of Worship that was used by the Apostles. 1 = Common used by all, sermng for all. Common Prayer is distinguished from private or family prayer by Latimer first in his sermon on the Lord s Prayer, where he says, "I told you of the diversity of prayer, namely, of the common the prayer, anA private;" also in Stat. 2 and 3, Edw. VI. c. 1, " where common and is from open prayer" distinguished "pri vate prayer." Similarly in the Prayer of St Chrysostom we have "common supplications;" and in Acts ii. 44, we read that "the believers had all things common;" in Tit. i. 4, of "the common faith," in Jude 3, of "the common salvation;" Bacon also speaks of "Princes that ought to be common pa rents XV. 55. " Oure ffadire ;" Essays, byschoppe Compare J>e hase for comone Pieces in ordeyned profett ;" Religious ]>e Prose and Verse, p. 2; Early English Text Society ; and sen the Bible Word-lM; pp. 118, 119. P.B 1 SERVICE-BOOKS OF THE [A.D, 1 2. Apostolic Custom. Respecting this earliest Form of Worship, we gather from the New Testament 1 that the first believers (i) continued stedfaslly in the Apostles doctrine; (2) persevered in fellowship and communion* with one another; (3) attended con stantly on the breaking of the Bread* ; and (4) were stedfast in public and private prayers*. 3. The Breaking of the Bread, or celebration of the Eucharist, was at first, and for some time, till 5 abuses put an end to the practice, inseparably con nected with the chief actual meal of each day. Though from the scarcity of documents of that age we have no actual proof of the fact, still it is in the highest degree probable that in this solemn act the Apostles used some form of sound words, that at least they did what they saw their Lord do, recited the words of institution, and used the Lord s Prayer. 4. Earliest Forms not written. From the age, however, of the Apostles downwards some Form, some Liturgy", was always used in every branch of the Ca- irpoaKapTepovvTes T-Q 8i8axrj r<2v Acts ii. 42. " TTJ KOLvwvlq.. Acts ii. 42, explained by the fix " ciiravra KOIVO. in verse 44. 3 Trj K\daei TOV aprov, Acts ii. 42, where the force of the article is to be observed. 4 Tcus Acts ii. which Trpoaev^ols, 42, would include (i) attendance at the public prayers in the Temple at the stated hours, (ii) private prayer among themselves. 5 See s Guericke Antiquities of the Christian Church, p. 6 Liturgy comes from the Greek \eirovpyia, which word has passed through the following meanings: (1) A civil service, or state burden, especially in the technical language of Athenian law : (2) A function or office of any bind: (3) Sacer dotal ministration especially, whether among heathen nations, or the among Jews (Heb. viii. 6, ix. 21); (4) The Eucharistic services: and thence (5) more generally, Set forms of dimnc Prof. worship. See Lightfoot on Philippians, ii. 17. 590-1 EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 3 tliolic Church. It does not appear indeed that during the ages of persecution these Forms were written down. For there is no record of any seizure of the ritual books of the Christians by the heathen, and the more sacred portions of the public service were con 1 cealed from all but communicants .