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Texto Completo Digital Naturalis Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de La Plata http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Palinoestratigrafía del Paleozoico Superior de la Cuenca Colorado, República Argentina y su correlación con áreas relacionadas Balarino, M.Lucía Doctor en Ciencias Naturales Dirección: Gutiérrez, Pedro R. Co-dirección: Ballent, Sara Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo 2009 Acceso en: http://naturalis.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/id/20120126000968 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Balarino, M. Lucía _______________________________________________________________________________ CONTENIDO RESUMEN 1 ABSTRACT 4 I. INTRODUCCIÓN 7 II. MARCO GEOLÓGICO REGIONAL 17 II.1. Cuenca Claromecó 19 II.1.1.Grupo Pillahuincó 23 II.1.1.a. Formación Sauce Grande 23 II.1.1.b. Formación Piedra Azul 25 II.1.1.c. Formación Bonete 26 II.1.1.d. Formación Tunas 27 II.2. Cuenca Colorado 30 II.2.1. Estadío de pre-rift 32 II.2.2. Estadío de syn-rift (Jurásico Tardío-Cretácico Temprano) 33 II.2.3. Estadío de post-rift (Cretácico Temprano) 33 II.2.4. Estadío de margen pasivo (Paleógeno-Cuaternario) 34 II.3. Perforaciones realizadas en las Cuencas Colorado y Claromecó 38 II.3.1. Perforación UTAL-Cruz del Sur x-1 41 II.3.2. Perforación UTAL-Estrella x-1 41 II.3.3. Perforación YPF-Puelches x-1 42 III. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 45 IV. LISTADO DE ESPECIES DESCRIPTAS 55 IV.1. Auctóctonas 57 IV.2. Retrabajo 60 V. SISTEMÁTICA 61 V.1. Auctóctonas 63 V.2. Retrabajo 377 VI. RESULTADOS ALCANZADOS 387 VI.1. Bioestratigrafía 388 VI.1.1. Perforación La Estrella x-1 388 VI.1.1.1. Listado de especies 389 VI.1.1.2. Distribución estratigráfica de las especies identificadas 391 VI.1.2. Perforación Cruz del Sur x-1 397 VI.1.2.1. Listado de especies 397 VI.1.2.2. Distribución estratigráfica de las especies identificadas 400 VI.2. Propuesta de Biozonación 400 VI.2.1. Biozona de Asociación Converrucosisporites confluens-Vittatina 402 vittifera (CV) VI.2.2. Biozona de Asociación Tornopollenites toreutos-Reduviasporonites 405 chalastus (TC) VI.3. Edad de las biozonas 407 VI.4. Comparaciones con biozonas de cuencas sudamericanas 413 VI.4.1. Cuenca Chacoparaná 413 VI.4.2. Cuencas del centro-oeste de Argentina 417 VI.4.3. Cuenca Paraná, Brasil 419 VI.4.4. Cuenca Amazonas, Brasil 422 VI.4.5. Consideraciones 426 VI.5. Correlaciones 428 i Balarino, M. Lucía _______________________________________________________________________________ VI.5.1. Cuencas Paganzo, Río Blanco, Calingasta-Uspallata, San Rafael 428 Bioestratigrafía 429 VI.5.2. Cuenca Chacoparaná 430 VI.5.3. Cuencas Claromecó-Colorado y Tepuel-Genoa 431 VI.5.4. Cuadro de correlación general 431 VII. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS MICROFLORAS 433 VII.1. Composición de las microfloras 435 VII.2. Consideraciones paleogeográfícas y paleoclimáticas 442 VII.2.1. Marco general 442 VII.2.2. Litoestratigrafía y evolución ambiental 445 VII.2.3. Características de la Flora 448 VIII. CONCLUSIONES 463 IX. AGRADECIMIENTOS 471 X. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 473 XI. ANEXOS 543 Figuras Figura 1. Ubicación de las cuencas desarrolladas durante el Pennsylvaniano- 11 Cisuraliano en Argentina. Figura 2. Esquema bioestratigráfico para el Pennsylvaniano-Guadalupiano de la 13 Argentina. Figura 3. Cuencas Claromecó-Colorado 14 Figura 4. Localización de las perforaciones en las Cuenca Claromecó y Colorado 20 Figura 5. Cuenca Claromecó 21 Figura 6. Esquema de evolución de la Cuenca Claromecó 29 Figura 7. Grupo Pillahuincó, cronoestratigrafía 30 Figura 8. Esquema de las 4 secuencias tectonoestratigráficas mayores: pre-rift 36 (Paleozoico), syn-rift (Jurásico Tardío-Cretácico Temprano), post-rift y margen pasivo Figura 9. Cuencas petroleras productoras y sin producción actual 37 Figura 10. Esquema de técnicas fisico-químicas utilizadas para el procesamiento 51 de las muestras palinológicas Figura 11. Parámetros medidos en las esporas triletes, granos de polen 52 monosacados y bisacados Figura 12. Esquema de la división del sistema Pérmico 53 Figura 13. Distribución estratigráfica de las especies presentes en la perforación 393 La Estrella x-1 Figura 14. Distribución estratigráfica de las especies presentes en la perforación 398 Cruz del Sur x-1 Figura 15. Principales cuencas sedimentarias de Sudamérica del Neopaleozoico. 416 Figura 16. Cuadro palinoestratigráfico de la Cuenca Paraná 423 Figura 17. Cuenca Amazonas (Brasil). 424 Figura 18. Correlación general entre las distintas biozonas de Argentina y Brasil 427 Figura 19. Grupo Pillahuincó: ajuste cronoestratigráfico de las unidades que lo 436 integran a partir de la información palinológica Figura 20. Gráfico de abundancia relativa de los grupos de palinomorfos en las 436 muestras testigo de la perforación La Estrella x-1. ii Balarino, M. Lucía _______________________________________________________________________________ Cuadros Cuadro 1. Perforación YPF.Puelches x-1; listado del contenido palinológico del 44 Pérmico. Cuadro 2. Preparados y números de colección de las muestras de la perforación 48 La Estrella x-1. Cuadro 3. Preparados y números de colección de las muestras de la perforación 48 Cruz del Sur x-1 Cuadro 4. Listado de las especies identificadas en la perforación La Estrella x-1. 390 Cuadro 5. Listado de especies de las Asociaciones CV y TC de la perforación La 396 Estrella x-1. Cuadro 6. Lista de especies identificadas en la perforación Cruz del Sur x-1 399 Cuadro 7. Distribución estratigráfica de las especies identificadas en la Cuenca 409 Claromecó-Colorado. Cuadro 8. Especies comunes entre las biozonas de Cuenca Claromecó-Colorado. 415 Cuadro 9. Especies de las biozonas de Cuenca Claromecó-Colorado (CV y TC: 418 perforación La Estrella; CVs: perforación Cruz del Sur) compartidas con las biozonas FS (Fusacolpites fusus-Vittatina subsaccata) y LW (Lueckisporites- Weylandites) de las cuencas del Centro-Oeste de Argentina Cuadro 10. Especies de las biozonas de Cuenca Claromecó-Colorado (CV y TC: 421 perforación La Estrella; CVs: perforación Cruz del Sur) compartidas con las biozonas Vc (Vittatina costabilis) y Lv (Lueckisporite virkkiae) de la Cuenca Paraná, Brasil Cuadro 11. Especies de las biozonas de Cuenca Claromecó-Colorado (CV y TC: 425 perforación La Estrella; CVs: perforación Cruz del Sur) compartidas con las biozonas Vc (Vittatina costabilis) y Tt (Tornopollenites toreutos) de la Cuenca Amazonas, Brasil Cuadro 12. Afinidad botánica de los palinomorfos que integran las palinofloras 437 identificadas en las perforaciones La Estrella x-1 y Cruz del Sur x-1 Cuadro 13. Abundancia relativa de géneros según afinidades botánicas en las 439 distintas muestras testigo de la perforación La Estrella x-1 Cuadro 14. Abundancia relativa de los grupos parentales en la perforación La 440 Estrella x-1 Cuadro 15. Abundancia relativa de grupos en las muestras testigo de la 440 perforación La Estrella x-1 Cuadro 16. Registro de los granos de polen durante el Pennsylvaniano-Triásico 450 en el centro-oeste argentino. Cuadro 17. Número de géneros y especies presentes en cada biozona propuesta 456 para Cuenca Colorado: Cuadro 18. Especies presentes en las biozonas definidas para Cuenca 458 Chacoparaná Cuadro 19. Número de especies por género ordenados según afinidad botánica, 460 presentes en las biozonas definidas para Cuenca Chacoparaná. iii Balarino, M. Lucía _______________________________________________________________________________ A todos quienes desde sus pequeños y grandes lugares, creen, apoyan y trabajan por la Educación Pública. iv Balarino, M. Lucía _______________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN Se estudiaron asociaciones palinoflorísticas provenientes de 2 perforaciones: UTAL.CMM1.La Estrella x-1, de 10 niveles testigo y 25 de cutting, y UTAL.CMM1.Cruz del Sur x-1, y de 13 niveles de cutting. A partir del estudio de las muestras se describieron e ilustraron 179 especies, proponiéndose las siguientes combinaciones: Falcisporites parvus (de Jersey) nov. comb., Falcisporites similis (Balme) nov. comb. y Tiwarisporis anaverrucosus (Archangelsky y Gamerro) nov. comb.También se incorporaron 47 nuevos registros de especies para Argentina. Con el análisis sistemático y estratigráfico de los datos se propuso un nuevo esquema palinoestratigráfico con 2 biozonas para el Pérmico de la Cuenca Claromecó-Colorado: a) la Biozona de asociación Converrucosisporites confluens-Vittatina vittifera (CV), que presenta su sección tipo en la perforación La Estrella x-1 (3549- 3231 mbnm), la cual también ha sido identificada en la perforación Cruz del Sur x-1 (4227-3995 mbnm), y es referida al Cisuraliano-Guadalupiano temprano y aparecería representada en las formaciones Piedra Azul y Bonete. Se caracteriza por la presencia exclusiva de C. confluens, Diatomozonotriletes subbaculiferus, Osmundacidites wellmanii, Verrucosisporites surangei, Horriditriletes uruguaiensis, H. filiformis, Didecitriletes uncinatus, Cyclogranisporites microgranus, Kraeuselisporites punctatus, K. apiculatus, Gondisporites serrulatus, Lundbladispora riobonitensis, Laevigatosporites vulgaris, Brazilea scissa, Potonieisporites densus, P. triangulatus, Caheniasaccites elongatus, Gondwanapollis frenguellii, Accinctisporites sp. A, Crucisaccites latisulcatus, Striomonosaccites cicatricosus, Polarisaccites bilateralis, Alisporites opii, Limitisporites amazoniensis, Triadispora epigona, Distriatites sp. A, Lueckisporites singrauliensis, Protohaploxypinus bharadwajii, Striatopodocarpites sp. cf. S.
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