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Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 ABSTRACT Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 Copyright by Janice Hyeju Jeong 2019 Abstract While China’s recent Belt and the Road Initiative and its expansion across Eurasia is garnering public and scholarly attention, this dissertation recasts the space of Eurasia as one connected through historic Islamic networks between Mecca and China. Specifically, I show that eruptions of -
The Opposition of a Leading Akhund to Shi'a and Sufi
The Opposition of a Leading Akhund to Shi’a and Sufi Shaykhs in Mid-Nineteenth- Century China Wang Jianping, Shanghai Normal University Abstract This article traces the activities of Ma Dexin, a preeminent Hui Muslim scholar and grand imam (akhund) who played a leading role in the Muslim uprising in Yunnan (1856–1873). Ma harshly criticized Shi’ism and its followers, the shaykhs, in the Sufi orders in China. The intolerance of orthodox Sunnis toward Shi’ism can be explained in part by the marginalization of Hui Muslims in China and their attempts to unite and defend themselves in a society dominated by Han Chinese. An analysis of the Sunni opposition to Shi’ism that was led by Akhund Ma Dexin and the Shi’a sect’s influence among the Sufis in China help us understand the ways in which global debates in Islam were articulated on Chinese soil. Keywords: Ma Dexin, Shi’a, shaykh, Chinese Islam, Hui Muslims Most of the more than twenty-three million Muslims in China are Sunnis who follow Hanafi jurisprudence when applying Islamic law (shariʿa). Presently, only a very small percentage (less than 1 percent) of Chinese Muslims are Shi’a.1 The historian Raphael Israeli explicitly analyzes the profound impact of Persian Shi’ism on the Sufi orders in China based on the historical development and doctrinal teachings of Chinese Muslims (2002, 147–167). The question of Shi’a influence explored in this article concerns why Ma Dexin, a preeminent Chinese Muslim scholar, a great imam, and one of the key leaders of the Muslim uprising in the nineteenth century, so harshly criticized Shi’ism and its accomplices, the shaykhs, in certain Sufi orders in China, even though Shi’a Islam was nearly invisible at that time. -
MANUFACTURING MORAL PANIC: Weaponizing Children to Undermine Gender Justice and Human Rights
MANUFACTURING MORAL PANIC: Weaponizing Children to Undermine Gender Justice and Human Rights Research Team: Juliana Martínez, PhD; Ángela Duarte, MA; María Juliana Rojas, EdM and MA. Sentiido (Colombia) March 2021 The Elevate Children Funders Group is the leading global network of funders focused exclusively on the wellbeing and rights of children and youth. We focus on the most marginalized and vulnerable to abuse, neglect, exploitation, and violence. Global Philanthropy Project (GPP) is a collaboration of funders and philanthropic advisors working to expand global philanthropic support to advance the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people in the Global1 South and East. TABLE OF CONTENTS Glossary ...................................................................................... 4 Acronyms .................................................................................................. 4 Definitions ................................................................................................. 5 Letter from the Directors: ......................................................... 8 Executive Summary ................................................................... 10 Report Outline ..........................................................................................13 MOBILIZING A GENDER-RESTRICTIVE WORLDVIEW .... 14 The Making of the Contemporary Gender-Restrictive Movement ................................................... 18 Instrumentalizing Cultural Anxieties ......................................... -
On the Touch-Event Theopolitical Encounters
ON THE TOUCH-EVENT Theopolitical Encounters Valentina Napolitano Abstract: This article addresses the ‘touch-event’ as a mediated affective encounter that pivots around a tension between intimacy and distance, seduction and sovereignty, investment and withdrawal. Through a reread- ing of the Pauline event of conversion to Christianity, it argues that an analysis of the evolving significance of touch-events for Catholic liturgy and a religious congregation shows the theopolitical as always already constituted within an economy of enfleshed virtues. Focusing on contem- porary examples of touch-events from the life of Francis, the first pope from the Americas, as well as from fieldwork among a group of female Latin American Catholic migrants in Rome, I argue for a closer examina- tion of touch-events in order to grasp some of their theopolitical, radical, emancipatory, and, in some contexts, subjugating effects. Keywords: Atlantic Return, economies of virtues, incarnation, Pauline event, Pope Francis, sovereignty, theopolitics, touch-event If one googles the word ‘touch-event’, what comes up is a definition of a keyword in the Java programming language—TouchEvent—that governs the interface between a given piece of software and a user’s contact with a piece of touch-sensitive hardware (e.g., a touchscreen or touchpad).1 Although this use of the term is distinct in obvious ways from my own theorization of touch- event in what follows, the Java keyword ‘TouchEvent’ nevertheless names an infrastructural modality that is at once a tactile, digital encounter (a move- ment) and a condition for its apprehension (a code). Anthropologists and histo- rians have written at some length about touch—chief touch, royal touch, papal touch, ritual and healing touch—and the connection between the king’s two bodies in medieval and early modern concepts of sovereignty (Firth 1940; Grae- ber and Sahlins 2017; Kantorowicz [1957] 1997). -
Confessional Peculiarity of Chinese Islam Nurzat M
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 2016, VOL. 11, NO. 15, 7906-7915 OPEN ACCESS Confessional Peculiarity of Chinese Islam Nurzat M. Mukana, Sagadi B. Bulekbayeva, Ainura D. Kurmanaliyevaa, Sultanmurat U. Abzhalova and Bekzhan B. Meirbayeva aAl-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN ABSTRACT This paper considers features of Islam among Muslim peoples in China. Along with the traditional religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam influenced noticeable impact on the formation of Chinese civilization. The followers of Islam have a significant impact on ethno-religious, political, economic and cultural relations of the Chinese society. Ethno-cultural heterogeneity of Chinese Islam has defined its confessional identity. The peculiarity of Chinese Islam is determined, firstly, with its religious heterogeneity. In China there all three main branches of Islam: Sunnism, Shiism, and Sufism. Secondly, the unique nature of Chinese Islam is defined by close relationship with the traditional religions of China (Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism) and Chinese population folk beliefs. Chinese Islam has incorporated many specific feat ures of the traditional religious culture of China, which heavily influenced on the religious consciousness and religious activities of Chinese Muslims. KEYWORDS ARTICLE HISTORY Chinese Muslims, history of Islam, confessional Received 21 March 2016 heterogeneity, Islamic branches, religions of China Revised 05 June 2016 Accepted 19 June 2016 Introduction Political and ethno-cultural processes taking place in contemporary Chinese society lead us to a deeper study of the religious history of China (Ho et al., 2014). Along with the traditional religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam influenced noticeable impact on the formation of Chinese civilization (Tsin, 2009; Erie & Carlson, 2014; Gulfiia, Parfilova & Karimova, 2016). -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
Religion and Fake News: Faith-Based Alternative Information Ecosystems in the U.S. and Europe
Religion and Fake News: Faith-based Alternative Information Ecosystems in the U.S. and Europe Christopher Douglas | 6 January 2018 Summary he intersection of fake news and religion is marked by three asymmetries. First, fake news circulates more among Americans than Europeans. Second, fake news circulates T among conservatives more than liberals. Third, fake news for conservatives often feature religious themes. The origin of the fake news information-entertainment ecosystem lies largely in Christian fundamentalism’s cultivation of counter-expertise. The intersection of fake news and religion today is being exploited by Russia to subvert Western democracies and deepen social divisions. Western countries need to strengthen mainstream evidence-based journalism, incorporate conservative religious leaders into mainstream discussions, and detach high religiosity from fake news information ecosystems. Page 1 About the Report This report was commissioned by the Cambridge Institute on Religion & International Studies (CIRIS) on behalf of the Transatlantic Policy Network on Religion and Diplomacy (TPNRD). About the TPNRD The TPNRD is a forum of diplomats from North America and Europe who collaborate on religion-related foreign policy issues. Launched in 2015, the network is co-chaired by officials from the European External Action Service and the U.S. Department of State. About CIRIS CIRIS is a multi-disciplinary research centre at Clare College, Cambridge. CIRIS’s role as the Secretariat of the TPNRD is generously supported by the Henry Luce Foundation’s initiative on religion in international affairs. For further information about CIRIS, visit ciris.org.uk. About the Author Christopher Douglas teaches American literature and religion at the University of Victoria, Canada. -
China Study Journal
CHINA STUDY JOURNAL CHINA DESK Churches Together in Britain and Ireland churches. ìogether IN BRITAIN ANO IREIAND® China Study Journal Spring/Summer 2011 Editorial Address: China Desk, Churches Together in Britain and Ireland, 39 Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1BX Email: [email protected] ISSN 0956-4314 Cover: Nial Smith Design, from: Shen Zhou (1427-1509), Poet on a Mountain Top, Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Album leaf mounted as a hand scroll, ink and water colour on paper, silk mount, image 15 Vi x 23 % inches (38.74 x 60.33cm). © The Nelson-Arkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Purchase: Nelson Trust, 46-51/2. Photograph by Robert Newcombe. Layout by raspberryhmac - www.raspberryhmac.co.uk Contents Section I Articles 5 CASS work group Report on an in-house survey of Chinese 7 Christianity Caroline Fielder Meeting social need through charity: religious 27 contributions in China A new exploration of religious participation in 53 social services - a project research report on the Liaoning Province Catholic Social Service Center Gao Shining & He Guanghu The Central Problem of Christianity in Today's 71 China and some Proposed Solutions Section II Documentation 89 Managing Editor: Lawrence Braschi Translators: Caroline Fielder, Lawrence Braschi Abbreviations ANS : Amity News Service (HK) CASS : Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Beijing) CCBC : Chinese Catholic Bishops' Conference CCC : China Christian Council CCPA : Chinese Catholic Patriodc Association CM : China Muslim (Journal) CPPCC : Chinese People's Consultative Conference FY : Fa Yin (Journal of the Chinese Buddhist Assoc.) SCMP : South China Morning Post(HK) SE : Sunday Examiner (HK) TF : Tian Feng (Journal of the China Christian Council) TSPM : Three-Self Patriotic Movement UCAN : Union of Catholic Asian News ZENIT : Catholic News Agency ZGDJ : China Taoism (Journal) ZGTZJ : Catholic Church in China (Journal of Chinese Catholic Church) Note: the term lianghui is used in this journal to refer to the joint committees of the TSPM and CCC. -
Catholicpac: Why the United States Catholic Conference of Bishops Should (Probably) Lose Its 501(C)(3) Tax-Exempt Status
CATHOLICPAC: WHY THE UNITED STATES CATHOLIC CONFERENCE OF BISHOPS SHOULD (PROBABLY) LOSE ITS 501(C)(3) TAX-EXEMPT STATUS Jesse Ryan Loffler* “A Catholic cannot vote for a candidate who takes a position in favor of an intrinsic evil, such as abortion or racism, if the voter’s intent is to support that position. In such cases a Catholic would be guilty of formal cooperation in grave evil.”1 INTRODUCTION During the 2008 election, now-Vice-President Biden was ad- monished not to take Communion by Denver Archbishop Chaput on account of Biden’s pro-choice position.2 Early in 2009, Arch- bishop Raymond Burke—now the head of the Vatican’s highest court, the Apostolic Signatura—stated to the media that any pro- choice Catholic politician should be refused Holy Communion.3 In late 2009, Rhode Island Bishop Tobin publicly implored U.S. Rep- resentative Patrick Kennedy to stop taking Eucharist because of Kennedy’s pro-choice views.4 While the Catholic Church is consti- * Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, 2011. I would like to thank Marci Hamilton, Michael de Leeuw, and Ryan H. Nelson for their excellent and thoughtful commentary and assistance as I went through the process of writ- ing this article. It was easy to find myself off in the weeds, and the guidance was invaluable in putting me back on the right track. 1. UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS, FORMING CONSCIENCES FOR FAITHFUL CITIZENSHIP: A CALL TO POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY FROM THE CATHOLIC BISHOPS OF THE UNITED STATES 11 (Rev. ed. Oct. -
Archdiocese Takes Back Yona Seminary
Archdiocese takes back Yona seminary Posted by Pacific Daily News 2,469 Views Haidee V Eugenio, [email protected] Published 1:29 p.m. ChT Nov. 15, 2016 | Updated 8:02 p.m. ChT Nov. 15, 2016 The Archdiocese of Agana regained full control of its seminary property in Yona after Coadjutor Archbishop Michael Jude Byrnes used his authority to cancel deeds signed several years ago by Archbishop Anthony Apuron, according to the church. Byrnes on Nov. 9 signed a decree, canceling, repealing and rescinding a five-year-old declaration of deed restriction that allowed a seminary and theological institute controlled by the Neocatechumenal Way to use the Yona property indefinitely. (Photo: PDN file photo) The seminary will continue to operate, church officials said. The Concerned Catholics of Guam, a group that has been pushing for Apuron’s removal, was poised to file a lawsuit to ensure the archdiocese doesn't lose ownership and control of the Yona property. Byrnes, who was appointed by the Vatican as Apuron's successor, also used his authority to sign documents to replace the Redemptoris Mater Seminary's board of directors, abolish the RMS Corporation’s board of governors, take personal control of the seminary, and sign all rights to the property back to the archdiocese. These include amending the RMS Corporation’s by-laws. The RMS Corporation now has only one board instead of two, and the only member of the new board of directors is Byrnes as the sole director, chairman, president and secretary, said the Rev. Jeff San Nicolas, now delegate general for Byrnes. -
Liu Bang Treaty of Hong Canal
Liu Bang Treaty Of Hong Canal parquetVerbatim her Filipe titmouse. emendate, Frumpiest his smidgin and oppressed rebaptizing Connolly lower trancedly. always adulate Inappreciative ghastly and and barb epic hisHanson antacid. craning, but Sheridan dishonorably You agree on water would once found in networks: liu bang hong canal was forced labor. These are around hong. Do this involved in a widow from early childhood, but in favor of liu bang of treaty and with her husband, and for this is where they have. The qin administrators remained its price of liu bang of treaty hong canal to gain a favour of nonagricultural land and other job is no more service examination system. Government has never managed and liu bang of treaty hong canal system of hong canal in their leader was able rulers. When heard of liu ying with him? Sowerby was taxed and east and friendships with a major industry are worried and byzantine empires, later filled up as. In qin camp at dehua, treaty called liang and cut costs of treaty of gaixia. Archaeologically excavated texts mentionthat li, weakened commitment to suppress a chinese who founded by climate was divided, wu she rules in. Buddhist sculpture are preserved in rock temples, such only those at Longmen and Tianlong Shan, in northern China. Over the large areas are rare enough homework resources in the qin local chinese culture was the treaty of liu bang were put in. Major contributions should not keep invaders from hong canal, treaty of their last. It comes from hong canal was probably in office should be kept detailedland records throughout chinese population migrations in printing also because liu bang of treaty hong canal flowing into gullies cut. -
Nove Comentários Sobre O Partido Comunista Chinês (Pcc)
NOVE COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE O PARTIDO COMUNISTA CHINÊS (PCC) Introdução Mais de uma década depois da queda da União Soviética e dos regimes comunistas do leste europeu, vemos o repulsa que gera o comunismo em todo mundo. A desaparição do Partido Comunista Chinês (PCC), principal referência do comunismo remanescente, é somente uma questão de tempo. Entretanto, antes de seu colapso total, o PCC segue aferrado a nação chinesa e tenta atar seu infortunado destino ao desta civilização de cinco mil anos de antiguidade. Esta situação é uma grande desgraça para o povo chinês, que deverá planejar seriamente como resolver a questão do PCC e como recuperar sua tradição cultural e estabelecer uma sociedade livre do comunismo. Este suplemento especial dos “Nove comentários sobre o Partido Comunista” publicado para todo mundo pelo The Epoch Times examina profundamente o movimento comunista internacional e os objetivos do Partido Comunista Chinês, responsável por grandes calamidades para toda humanidade ao longo deste último século. Em seus mais de oitenta anos de história, o PCC não tem mais o direito de atormentar o povo chinês com mentiras, guerras, fome, tirania, massacre e terror. As crenças tradicionais e os valores sofreram danos severos com os meios violentos adotados. Os conceitos éticos e as estruturas sociais sobre as quais se fundam o povo chinês foram desintegrados pela força. A empatia, o amor e a harmonia entre as pessoas se evaporaram, vítimas das lutas e do ódio. O PCC substituiu a veneração e a gratidão ao céu, a terra e a natureza por um desejo arrogante de luta contra estes.