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A Poética Quantitativa Do Formalismo Russo”, Igor Pilshchikov Aborda a Teoria Formalis- Ta a Partir De Uma Perspectiva Quantitativa

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A Poética Quantitativa Do Formalismo Russo”, Igor Pilshchikov Aborda a Teoria Formalis- Ta a Partir De Uma Perspectiva Quantitativa i iii ENDEREÇO Equipe Editorial Departamento de Letras Editor responsável Fátima Bianchi, Universidade de São Paulo. Orientais, Faculdade de Editor dos números 1 a 7 Mario Ramos Francisco Junior, Universidade de São Paulo Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Assistência editorial Jéssica de Souza Farjado e Rafael Bonavina, Universidade de Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo Projeto Gráfico e diagramaçãoAna Novi/ TIKINET Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Revisão Danilo Horã e Igor B. de Mesquita/ TIKINET 403 sala 25 CEP: 01060-970 Cidade Universitária Conselho Editorial São Paulo/SP - Brasil CONTATO Arlete Cavaliere, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Bruno Barretto Gomide, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Telefone: 055 11 3091-4299 Denise Regina Salles, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Dmitri Lvovitch Gurievitch, Moskovski Gossudarstveny Universitet im. Lomonosso- SITE va, Rússia revistas.usp.br/rus Ekaterina Volkova Américo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil Elena Nikolaevna Vassina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Mario Ramos Francisco Junior, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Noé Oliveira Policarpo Polli, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Omar Lobos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Sonia Branco Soares, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Conselho Científico Andrei Kofman, IMLI Rossískaia Akadiémia Nauk, Rússia Aurora Fornoni Bernardini, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Daniel Aarão Reis Filho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil David Mandel, Université du Québec a Montréal, Canadá Georges Nivat, Université de Genève, Suíça Igor Volgin, Moskóvski Gossudárstvieni Universitiét im. Lomonossova, Rússia Paulo Bezerra, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil Peter Steiner, University of Pennsylvania, United States Rubens Pereira dos Santos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil Vassili Mikhailovitch Tolmatchoff, Moskóvski Gossudárstvieni Universitiét im. Lomonossova, Rússia Vladimir N. Zakharov, Petrozavodsk State University, Russia Yuri Nikolaievitch Guirin, IMLI Rossískaia Akadiémia Nauk, Rússia Editores Honorários Boris Schnaiderman, Universidade de São Paulo Jerusa Pires Ferreira, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo ISSN: 2317-4765 iv Setembro de 2020 Volume 11 Número 16 Índice 1. Editorial Fatima Bianchi 1 2. Apresentação: Formalismo Russo 3 Valteir Vaz 3.A poética quantitativa do Formalismo 9 Russo Igor Pilshchikov 4. Ostranenie: To Give Back the Sensation 43 of Life Alexandra Berlina Artigos 5. Subjectivité de la représentation du 67 genre littéraire chez Jouri Tynianov et Mikhaïl Bakhtine: essai de définition et étude de textes Svetlana Garziano 6. Iúri Tyniánov e a palavra poética: a 82 poesia no âmbito do Formalismo Russo Aurora Bernardini 7. Poiesis como tomada de decisão: 98 Chklóvski, Tyniánov, Bakhtin Formalismo Russo Formalismo Dossiê: Peter Steiner 8. O Formalismo Russo sob a lente de L. 125 S. Vygótski: influência e críticaPriscila Nascimento Marques 9. Ostraniénie e a pedagogia de 146 Eisenstein Erivoneide de Barros 10.Entrevista con Pau Sanmartín Ortí: La 171 otra cara del formalismo ruso en España Gutemberg Medeiros 11. Entrevista com Aurora Bernardini 196 sobre o Formalismo Russo Valteir Vaz Entrevistas 12. A Ressurreição da Palavra 207 Tradução Viktor Chklóvski / Tradução de Leticia Mei, Priscila Nascimento Marques e Raquel Toledo Resenha 13. A era do estranhamento: o Formalis- 221 mo Russo e o conhecimento humanístico moderno Valteir Vaz 14. On the Sources of Nihilism in 237 Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” Markos Galounis artigos 15. Tchernichévski: entre o determinismo 258 e a revolução Paulo Cesar Jakimiu Sabino 16. Intelligentsia e práticas 282 autobiográficas na Rússia:Passado e Pensamentos de A. Herzen Giuliana Teixeira de Almeida 17. A figura do mundo na dispersão dos 296 fragmentos: O exército de cavalaria, de Isaac Bábel Marcos Vinícius Ferrari e Betina Bischof 18. Концепт „лишние люди“ и его 316 динамика в русской драматургии XIX века Людмил Димитров 19. Apologia de um louco 341 Piotr Iákovlievitch Tchaadaiév / Tradução de Théo Amon tradução Editorial É com imensa satisfação que apresentamos ao nosso leitor a edição Nº 16 da RUS – Revista de Literatura e Cultura Russa. Neste número, além do material regular, oferecemos o Dossiê “Formalismo Russo”, organizado por Valteir Vaz. Dedicado a esta importante escola de crítica literária mundialmente conhecida, o Dossiê reúne uma série de artigos, entrevistas, traduções e resenhas, que giram em torno de três eixos prin- cipais: história, teoria e análise. Em seguida ao material do Dossiê apresentamos uma série de artigos com temática livre. Em “On the Sources of Nihi- lism in Dostoevsky’s ‘Crime and Punishment’”, Markos Ga- lounis procura identificar a ideologia de Raskólnikov com a dos representantes da intelligentsia radical Nikolai Tcher- nichévski e Dimítri Píssarev, e traçar a continuidade e a descontinuidade das ideias desses pensadores. O argumento é que Dostoiévski percebe a evolução e a radicalização das ideias da intelligentsia através das lentes da evolução e ra- dicalização dos hegelianos de esquerda, Feuerbach e Stirner, cuja ideologia influenciou a intelligentsia radical russa. A contribuição de Paulo Cesar Jakimiu Sabino a este número da RUS está voltada para o filósofo russo N. Tchernichévski. No artigo “Tchernichévski: entre o determinismo e a revo- lução”, o autor coloca em questão o aspecto racionalista e determinista da obra de Tchernichévski – algo muito comum quando ela é lida à luz de outras interpretações já consagra- das, como a de Dostoiévski. Em “Intelligentsia e práticas autobiográficas na Rússia: Passado e Pensamentos de A. Herzen”, Giuliana Teixeira de Almeida examina a tradição autobiográfica na Rússia, onde grandes transformações históricas coexistiram com um grupo excessivamente sensível à História (a intelligentsia), tornando a tradição autobiográfica forte e arraigada no país, 1 e analisa um dos textos fundadores dessa tradição: Passado e Pensamentos, de Aleksandr Herzen. No artigo seguinte, “A figura do mundo na dispersão dos fragmentos: O exército de cavalaria, de Isaac Bábel”, Marcos Vinícius Ferrari e Betina Bischof desenvolvem uma leitura de O exército de cavalaria (1926) focalizando especialmente a linguagem do autor, a estrutura narrativa e o papel desem- penhado pelo narrador protagonista e por sua trajetória de formação. O artigo trata ainda de questões concernentes à representação da matéria épica, ao efeito geral de paradoxo, conflito e choque observável na obra e, finalmente, à possi- bilidade de caracterizar o livro de Bábel como um romance modernista. O artigo de Lyudmil Dmítrov, “Концепт „лишние люди“ и его динамика в русской драматургии XIX века” (O con- ceito de “homem supérfluo” e sua dinâmica na dramaturgia russa do século XIX”), procura investigar o fenômeno que essa figura constituiu no espaço do drama russo, desde Gri- boiédov até os dramaturgos do final do século XIX e início do século XX – Lev Tolstói, Anton Tchekhov e Maksim Górki, re- presentantes de três gerações diferentes, assim como de três tendências estéticas do pensamento sociocultural na Rússia. Para fechar esta edição, apresentamos o ensaio “Apologia de um louco”, de P. Ia. Tchaadáiev, em tradução de Théo Amon. Trata-se de um dos documentos fundamentais da futura po- lêmica entre eslavistas e ocidentalistas, que alternadamente reclamariam para si o impulso dado por Tchaadáiev. Redigi- do após o autor ter sido declarado oficialmente insano como represália à sua Primeira carta filosófica, o texto se tornou um pequeno tratado de filosofia da história aplicada ao caso russo. Nele, Tchaadáiev retifica posições extremas da Carta filosófica, mas também defende o fundamento do seu raciocí- nio e o desenvolve em novas direções. Fátima Bianchi 2 Dossiê: Formalismo russo Mais de cem anos após seu surgimento, a história do For- malismo Russo ainda continua passível de revisão. Afora o reconhecimento de que o objeto de toda história é um objeto em movimento, ou seja, aberto ao devir histórico, no tocante ao formalismo a tarefa se mostra ainda mais árdua devido à dificuldade de se encontrar uma unidade teórica em sua vasta produção. A primeira constatação que um historiador do movimento certamente faria diz respeito à quase ausên- cia de homogeneidade na produção teórica de seus repre- sentantes. Isso em parte se deve ao isolamento geográfico a que estavam submetidos os representantes da escola, que se dividiam em duas associações diferentes: a Sociedade para o Estudo do Linguagem Poética (OPOIAZ), em Petrogrado, que contava, entre seus representantes, com Boris Eikhenbaum, Viktor Chklóvski e Iúri Tyniánov, e os integrantes do Círculo Linguístico de Moscou, composto, entre outros, por Roman Jakobson, Grigóri Vinokur, Piotr Bogatyrióv, Boris Iarkhó. Além disso, os dois grupos apresentavam interesses teóricos diferentes: enquanto os membros da OPOIAZ centravam seus esforços sobretudo no campo da Teoria Literária (Poética), o grupo moscovita mantinha o substancial de suas pesqui- sas no âmbito da Linguística, particularmente nos aspectos sonoros da língua. No que se refere à produção teórica, o resultado mais impor- tante obtido pela escola formalista reside no estabelecimento de certos princípios básicos do estudo da literatura como estrutura especial, concebida, a princípio, como distinta de textos não literários. Dentre esses princípios (skaz, gesto fônico, função poética, evolução literária, fato literário, litera- turidade, etc.), o mais prolífico e que mais
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