Vol 54, No. 3, March 1973 learning. In his own words: "I have spent my whole life 35 Sir Oliver Lodge, 1960: Pioneers of Science. New York, in the same monastery, and while attentive to the rule Dover. of my order and the service of the Church, my constant 36 Roger Bacon, The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon. Trans. pleasure lay in learning, or teaching, or writing." Robert Belle Binke, Philadelphia, University of Pennsyl- 17 Cicely M. Botley, "A Founder of English Meteorology," vania Press, 1928, I, 116. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 61 (1935), 346. 37 Ibid., 153. is Bedea, Venerabilis, The Complete Works of Venerable 38 Ibid., 178. Bede: In the Original Latin. Edit. J. A. Giles, London, 39 Ibid., 154-158. Whittaker and Co., 1843, VI. 40 Ibid., 155. 19 Ibid., 115. 41 See Curt F. Buhler, "Sixteenth-Century Prognostica- 20 Ibid. tions," Isis, 33 (1941-42), 609-620. 21 For a discussion of Isidore's role in medieval science, see 42 Leonard Digges, 1555: A Prognostication of Right Good Floyd S. Lear, "St. Isidore and Medieval Science," The Effect. London. Rice Institute Pamphlet, XXIII (1936), 75-105. 43 Ibid. 22 Heninger, op. cit., 721. 44 Lynn Thorndike, 1934: A History of Magic and Experi- 23 George Sarton, 1927: Introduction to the History of mental Science. New York, Columbia University Press, III, Science. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, I. 721. 416-417. 24 Cleveland Abbe, 1907: "The Progress of Science as 45 Cardano's life was full of paradoxes. He was at the same Illustrated by the Development of Meteorology," Smith- time a genius and a scoundrel. Educated at the universities sonian Institution (Annual Report), Washington, 288 pp. of Pavia and Padua, he first practiced as a doctor, only to 25 Sarton, op. cit., 721. later devote his attention to mathematics and science. In 26 Alhazen, Opticae Thesaurus. Ed. Federico Risnero, his Ars Magna, published in 1545, appeared the first solu- Basileae, per Episcopios, 1572, 286-287. tion of the general cubic equation, which was reported stolen 27 Ibid., 288. from his one-time friend Tartaglia. His debauchery was the scandal of Italy. He was a notorious gambler and perhaps 28 Little is known about Adelard except that he studied in a murderer. Once, in a fit of rage, Cardano cut off the Spain and traveled extensively throughout Egypt, Greece, ears of his youngest son for committing some offense. and Syria. Although he is credited with one of the first Cardano developed an interest in astrology, and became the Latin translations of Euclid's Elements, there is no evidence most distinguished Italian astrologer of his time. His that he was one of the translators responsible for making astrological frame enabled him to obtain the position of the works of Aristotle known in Western Europe. astrologer to the papal court, but also led to his death. As 29 Adelard of Bath, "Quaestiones Naturales," Dodi Ve the story runs, Cardano foretold that he would die on a Nechdi (Uncle and Nephew). Trans. Hermann Gollancy, particular day. In order to keep up his reputation, he London, Oxford University Press, 1920, 145-148. commited suicide on the appointed day of his death. The so For a historical discussion of the theories on the cause of thin line between his genius and his madness was at times thunder and lightning, see H. Howard Frisinger, "Early imperceptible. Theories on the Cause of Thunder and Lightning," Bull 46 Girolamo Cardano, 1569: De Subtilitate, 3rd ed. Basel. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 46 (1965), 785-787. 47 Ibid., 375. si The format of Adelard's Quaestiones Naturales consist 48 Ibid., 396. of questions by a nephew, followed by the answers from 49 Charles Singer, 1959: A Short History of Scientific Ideas the uncle (Adelard). to 1900. London, Oxford University Press, 218. 32 Adelard of Bath, op. cit., 149. so For a discussion of the important role played by 33 A. C. Crombie, 1953: Augustine to Galileo—The History Descartes in the history of meteorology, see H. Howard of Science. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 70. Frisinger, "Rene Descartes: The Last of the Old and the 34 L. Dufour, 1943: "Les grandes epoques de l'histoire de First of the New Meteorologists," Weather, XXI (December, la meteorologie," Ciel et Terre, 59, 357. 1966), 443-446.

in the department. Research areas include: numerical simu- lation of weather systems, dynamics of the planetary boun- dary layer and mesoscale disturbances, observational and announcements theoretical studies of global circulation, and studies of the dynamics of the earth's upper atmosphere. The Laboratory has a cooperative arrangement with the Illinois State Water Survey; staff members of the Water Survey teach occasional courses at the University and super- vise research in the areas of cloud microphysics, severe storms, and hydrometeorology. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are Graduate assistantships at University of Illinois currently awarded through such departments as the Physics at Urbana-Champaign Department, Computer Science, and Electrical Engineering. Applications are currently being invited for graduate assist- For application forms and further information contact: antships at the Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Uni- Prof. Y. Ogura, Director, Laboratory for Atmospheric Re- versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, from students search, 5-111 Coordinated Science Laboratory Building, wishing to pursue graduate study and research in the University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 61801. atmospheric sciences. There are 29 faculty-staff members (More announcements on page 227) 204 Bulletin American Meteorological Society Soon the UN must implement the resolutions of the international collaborative efforts which will not only have Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. In practical results, but will also achieve another step along 1969 the ICSU created the Special Committee on Problems the boulevard to peace. of the Environment. As was the case in the IGY and later Joseph Kaplan in GARP, the ICSU is again prepared to join with some Department of Physics future UN agency in order to save the oceans and the atmo- University of California, Los Angeles sphere for mankind. This could become the greatest of all Los Angeles, Calif. 90024

(Continued from announcements, page 204) support, is receiving and screening the applications, and will select those who will receive the grants. Snow and ice resources—call for papers Anyone interested in applying for travel support, should The U.S. National Committee for the International Hydro- request an application form in writing from: INQUA Travel logical Decade is organizing an "Interdisciplinary Symposium Support Program, c/o Division of Earth Sciences, National on Advanced Concepts and Techniques in the Study of Snow Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Wash- and Ice Resources" to be held at Asilomar Conference ington, D.C. 20418. The application form will ask for the Grounds, Monterey, Calif., on 2-6 December 1973. The pur- nature of participation intended by the party, and for an pose of the symposium is to explore those areas of tech- abstract if a paper is to be presented. The sum of money nology that offer potential solutions to present and future needed must be specified, as well as any information per- needs in the study and management of snow and ice. taining to partial travel support from other sources. If Participants are expected to represent two broad groupings: support is received from other sources, the requester should 1) those already engaged in the study of management of ask for a correspondingly smaller grant, a procedure which snow and ice resources; and 2) workers in other fields of may enhance his chances of receiving a grant. No grants science and technology who are familiar with concepts and will be awarded in excess of the cost of economy-fare trans- techniques that may also be applicable to the needs of the portation, exclusive of domestic connecting flights to the snow and ice field. U.S. west coast, and living expenses, The tentative program consists of: 1) a summary review of Applications for support should be received at the NAS the distinguishing characteristics of snow and ice that re- by 1 June 1973. Grants will be announced on or about 1 quire measurement, or that affect the measurement pro- September. The purpose of the congress is to bring together cess; 2) discussion of technological advances from allied fields on a world-wide basis, scientists in all disciplines concerned that may be applicable to the measurement problems; 3) with the history of man's environment, and with the pro- discussion of the potential applicability of specific advances cesses by which environment and man's relation to environ- and how they might be modified to better service the snow ment have evolved. and ice field; and 4) discussion of the integration of these The National Academy of Sciences is the adhering body devices into an effective information collection, processing, to INQUA on behalf of American scientists. The U.S. Na- and retrieval system. tional Committee, chaired by Dr. J. Murray Mitchell of the Abstracts one or two double spaced typed pages long must National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, plans be submitted by 15 May and completed papers must be participation in INQUA activities. Further information on received by the General Reporter and the IHD Office by the conference itself may be obtained from: Prof. Jane M. 1 November 1973. Individual papers should not exceed 15 Soons, Secretary-General, IX Inqua Congress, Department of pages. All papers accepted for the Symposium, along with a Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, N.Z. summary of the general consensus of opinion expressed in each of the structure discussion session, will be published as Stanstead Seminar 1973 a procedings volume by the U.S. National Committee for the The 10th Stanstead Seminar will be held this summer at International Hydrological Decade, National Academy of Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada, 9-13 Sciences. For further information and instruction contact: July. The theme this year centers on a review of predict- Dr. Henry S. Santeford, Jr., U.S. National Committee for ability, theoretical and experimental, including past and the IHD, National Academy of Sciences, 2010 Constitution current work on the Observing Systems Simulation Ex- Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418. periments. Among the invited speakers will be Prof. E. N. Lorenz, 9th INQUA congress travel support Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dr. D. Williamson, The U.S. National Committee of the International Union for National Center for Atmospheric Research; Dr. R. C. J. Quaternary Research (INQUA) has undertaken a travel Somerville, Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Dr. T. support program to ensure that the United States will be Gordon, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton; represented by an adequate number of qualified scientists at Dr. Andre Robert, Atmospheric Environment Service, Can- the IX International Congress of INQUA, scheduled to ada; and Dr. P. E. Merilees, McGill—National Center for meet in Christchurch, New Zealand, 2-10 December 1973. Atmospheric Research. Funds for this purpose, now being solicited from a num- For further information on the Stanstead Seminar con- ber of government agencies and private institutions, will be tact: Dr. J. Derome, Department of Meteorology, Burnside administered by a Travel Grants Subcommittee of the U.S. Hall, P.O. Box 6070, Montreal 101, Quebec, Canada, Tele- National Committee on INQUA. This subcommittee has phone 514-392-4462. established criteria for judging applications for travel grant (More announcements on page 235) 227