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Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual College Students and Their Heterosexual Peers Rachel Ann Ploskonka Purdue University

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Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual College Students and Their Heterosexual Peers Rachel Ann Ploskonka Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations January 2016 The nI terpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide: Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual College Students and Their Heterosexual Peers Rachel Ann Ploskonka Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Recommended Citation Ploskonka, Rachel Ann, "The nI terpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide: Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual College Students and Their eH terosexual Peers" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 1228. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/1228 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. THE INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDE: SUICIDAL IDEATION AND BEHAVIORS OF LESBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL COLLEGE STUDENTS AND THEIR HETEROSEXUAL PEERS by Rachel Ann Ploskonka A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Educational Studies West Lafayette, Indiana August 2017 ii THE PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL STATEMENT OF DISSERTATION APPROVAL Dr. Heather L. Servaty-Seib, Chair Department of Educational Studies Dr. Ayse Ciftci Department of Educational Studies Dr. Eric D. Deemer Department of Educational Studies Dr. Susan L. Prieto-Welch Director, Purdue Counseling and Psychological Services Approved by: Dr. Richard Olenchak Head of the Departmental Graduate Program iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 Overview of the Problem ...............................................................................................1 Importance of the Study .................................................................................................8 Statement of Purpose ...................................................................................................10 Terminology and Concepts ....................................................................................11 Relevance to Counseling Psychology ..........................................................................15 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................................19 Theories of College Student Development ..................................................................20 Arnett's (2000) Theory of Emerging Adulthood ....................................................21 Chickering and Reisser's (1993) Psychosocial Model of College Student Development ..........................................................................................................23 Summary and Critique of Theories of College Student Development ..................25 Theories of LGB Identity Development ......................................................................26 Stage Models of LGB Identity Development ........................................................27 D'Augelli's (1994) Life Span Model of Sexual Orientation Development ............29 Summary and Critique of LGB Identity Development ..........................................32 Intersectionality............................................................................................................33 LGB College Students: Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors ............................................35 Joiner's (2005) Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide ..................................40 Overview ................................................................................................................41 Perceived Burdensomeness ....................................................................................43 Thwarted Belongingness ........................................................................................45 Spheres of Belongingness ................................................................................49 Family Belongingness ................................................................................50 Peer Belongingness ....................................................................................52 iv Academic Institution Belongingness .........................................................54 Sexual Orientation Community Belongingness .........................................57 Acquired Capability ...............................................................................................58 Summary and Critique of Joiner's (2005) Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide ...............................................................................................................62 Summary, Research Questions, and Hypotheses .........................................................65 CHAPTER 3: METHOD ...................................................................................................68 Participants ...................................................................................................................68 Measures ......................................................................................................................73 Demographic Questionnaire ..................................................................................75 Perceived Burdensomeness ....................................................................................76 Family Belongingness and Peer Belongingness ....................................................78 Academic Institution Belongingness .....................................................................80 Sexual Orientation Community Belongingness .....................................................82 Experiences of Discrimination ...............................................................................84 Acquired Capability ...............................................................................................85 Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behaviors ..............................................................86 Procedure .....................................................................................................................87 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ...................................................................................................91 Data Screening and Preliminary Analyses ...................................................................91 Primary Analyses .......................................................................................................102 Group Differences Based on Sexual Orientation .................................................102 Differential Relationships Among Joiner's (2005) Factors Based on Sexual Orientation ...........................................................................................................106 Model Specification .......................................................................................108 Model Identification.......................................................................................111 Model Estimation ...........................................................................................112 Model Fit and Interpretation ..........................................................................113 Model Modification .......................................................................................114 Results of the Full Model ...............................................................................115 Testing for Invariance ....................................................................................117 v Hypotheses Testing Results Summary.......................................................................123 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION ...........................................................................................127 Discrimination............................................................................................................128 Group Differences for Experiences of Discrimination ........................................128 Discrimination and the Primary Variables ...........................................................130 Experiences of Discrimination and Perceived Burdensomeness ...................130 Experiences of Discrimination and Family Belongingness ...........................131 Experiences of Discrimination and Peer Belongingness ...............................132 Experiences of Discrimination and Academic Institution Belongingness .....134 Experiences of Discrimination and Sexual Orientation Community Belongingness ................................................................................................134 Experiences of Discrimination and Acquired Capability ..............................134 Experiences of Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation ....................................135 Experiences of Discrimination and Suicidal Behaviors.................................135 Primary Study Findings .............................................................................................136
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