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Ferns in the Garden

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Ferns in the Garden NEWSLETTER Vol. 38 Numbers 1 & 2 | Published by the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL GARDEN at Berkeley | Winter / Spring 2013 Ferns in the Garden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ÀRDWLQJ SODQWVWKDW\RXZRXOGEHKDUGSUHVVHGWR LGHQWLI\DVDIHUQVXFKDVWKHPRVTXLWRIHUQ AzollaVSS IRXQGRQWKHVXUIDFHRIPRVWRI WKH*DUGHQ¶VSRQGV Sadleria cyatheoides (Blechnaceae) is endemic to Hawaii, where it is found on all the major islands. It can reach :HFRPPRQO\DVVRFLDWHIHUQVZLWK 1.5 m tall, and resembles a small tree fern. Photo by James Gather PRLVWKDELWDWVEXWRQHRIWKHPRVWQRWDEOH DVSHFWVRIWKH*DUGHQ¶VFROOHFWLRQLVWKH ost people are familiar with ferns at some level, DVVHPEODJHRIGU\JURZLQJRU[HURSK\WLF ZKHWKHULW¶VWKHLULFRQLF¿QHO\GLYLGHGIROLDJHRUWKH IHUQVIRXQGLQWKH;HURSK\WLF)HUQ'LVSOD\ORFDWHGDORQJWKH YDULHGSDOHWWHRIJUHHQWKDWRXUQDWLYHVZRUGIHUQV VLGHRIWKH$ULG+RXVHDQGLQVHYHUDOELRJHRJUDSKLFFROOHFWLRQV OHQGWR&DOLIRUQLDUHGZRRGIRUHVWV$VQRQÀRZHULQJ 7KHVHIHUQVDUHIURPDULGUHJLRQVRI&DOLIRUQLDGHVHUWVRIWKH SODQWVIHUQVDUHRIWHQFRQVLGHUHG¿OOHURUEDFNJURXQGPXFKOLNH 1HZ:RUOGDQGIURPVRXWKHUQ$IULFD5HSUHVHQWHGJHQHUD WKRVHRWKHUQRQÀRZHULQJJDUGHQVWDSOHVFRQLIHUV%XWDOVROLNH LQFOXGHCheilanthes, Pellaea, Aspidotis, AstrolepisDQG FRQLIHUVIHUQVDUHDGLYHUVHDQGRIWHQEHDXWLIXOJURXSIRXQGLQ Notholaena7KHVH[HURSK\WHVKDYHVSHFLDODGDSWDWLRQVWKDW PDQ\GLIIHUHQWKDELWDWVDURXQGWKHZRUOG7KHLUIURQGVYDU\IURP DOORZWKHPWRSURVSHULQRWKHUZLVHLQKRVSLWDEOHKDELWDWVVXFK WKHODF\HOHJDQFHRIPDLGHQKDLUIHUQVWRWKHEROGDQGXQGLYLGHG DVDQDELOLW\WRJRGRUPDQWLQGU\WLPHVWRUHVSRQGUDSLGO\WR EODGHVRIKDUW¶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niversity of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley Ferns (ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚĨƌŽŵƉĂŐĞϭ) Japanese turnip fern (Angiopteris lygodiifolia, Marattiaceae) is an Asian species that is doing well under tree canopy, but might not survive a freeze in the open. Here it is along Strawberry Creek. Photo by Holly Forbes $QRWKHUSDUWLFXODUO\FKRLFHDVVHPEODJHRIIHUQVLV IRXQGWKURXJKRXWWKH0H[LFDQDQG&HQWUDO$PHULFDQ$UHD 0H[LFDQWUHHIHUQVRIWKHJHQXVCyatheaDUHMXVWEDUHO\KDUG\LQ RXUFORXGIRUHVWSODQWLQJDV LVWKHFDVHZLWKWKHIHZPHPEHUV RIWKHRWKHUZLVHWURSLFDOJHQXVElaphoglossumWKDWZHJURZ Found in the Australasian Area, Asplenium oblongifolium (Aspleniaceae) RXWRIGRRUV:LWKXQGLYLGHGEODGHOLNHIURQGVWKHJHQXV shows its sori, which release spores. The fern life cycle is complicated, including ElaphoglossumLVRQHRIVHYHUDOZLWKWKHFRPPRQQDPHWRQJXH alternating generations of gametophytes and sporophytes (the foliar form we are used to seeing). See the American Fern Society web site for life cycle details: IHUQ±LQGHHGWKHJHQHULFQDPHWUDQVODWHVDVHOHSKDQWWRQJXH www.amerfernsoc.org 0HPEHUVRIWKHIDPLO\3RO\SRGLDFHDHDUHSDUWLFXODUO\ FRPPRQLQWKLVDUHD$OOLHGZLWKWKHIDPLOLDUSRO\SRG\VRI RI&DOLIRUQLDFRSHZLWKRXUVXPPHUGU\FOLPDWHE\JRLQJIXOO\ &DOLIRUQLDPRVWRIWKH0H[LFDQDQG&HQWUDO$PHULFDQWD[DDUH GRUPDQWZKHQWKHUDLQVWRSVWKHQVSULQJLQJLQWRJURZWKZLWKWKH QRZFODVVL¿HGLQWKHJHQXVPleopeltis. 7KHVHIHUQVFDQIRUP ¿UVWUDLQVRIDXWXPQ$UHFHQWERRNE\6XH2OVHQEncyclopedia GHQVHEXWQRWLQYDVLYHVWDQGVLQVKDGHGDUHDVZLWKOLPLWHG of Garden Ferns IHDWXUHVLPDJHVRI[HURSK\WLFDQGRWKHU PRLVWXUH7ZRSDUWLFXODUO\FKRLFHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPWKLVDUHD IHUQVIURPWKH*DUGHQFROOHFWLRQ 6HYHUDO*DUGHQDUHDVKRVWRXWVWDQGLQJ FROOHFWLRQVRIIHUQV7UHHIHUQV Cyathea, Sphaeropteris, Dicksonia QDWLYHWR1HZ =HDODQGDQG$XVWUDOLDFUHDWHDVWULNLQJGLVSOD\ DWWKHDSSURDFKWRWKH$XVWUDODVLDQ$UHDMXVW EH\RQGWKH-DSDQHVH3RRO7KHLUWUXQNVSOD\ KRVWWRHSLSK\WLFVWDJKRUQIHUQV Platycerium VSS DQGWKH\DUHXQGHUSODQWHGZLWKWHUUHVWULDO IHUQVLQFOXGLQJSadleria cyatheoides from 0DXL+DZDLL:LWKLWVFRROPRLVWFOLPDWH1HZ =HDODQGLVWKHRULJLQRIPDQ\VSHFLHVRIIHUQV JURZQLQWKH%D\$UHD)HUQVSOD\DSURPLQHQW UROHLQ0DRULFXOWXUHDQGDIHUQIURQGLVHYHQ WKHORJRRIWKHIDPRXVIRRWEDOO UXJE\ WHDP WKH$OO%ODFNV:LWKDELWRIVXSSOHPHQWDO Rosy maidenhair fern (Adiantum hispidulum and other species, Pteridaceae) are popular garden subjects. ZDWHUIHUQVIURP1HZ=HDODQGGRZHOOLQRXU Photo by Holly Forbes &DOLIRUQLDODQGVFDSH Winter / Spring 2013 3 Ferns (ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚĨƌŽŵƉĂŐĞϭ) DUHWKHHOHJDQWLlavea cordifoliaDQG WKHUDUH0H[LFDQIRUPRIWKHKDUW¶V WRQJXH \HV\RXJXHVVHGLWXQGLYLGHG EODGHOLNHIURQGV Asplenium scolopendrium )HUQVRIWHQDGGDQH[RWLF HOHPHQWWRSODQWLQJVRULQGRRU FROOHFWLRQV7DNHDZDONDORQJ 6WUDZEHUU\&UHHNLQWKH$VLDQ$UHD ZKHUHWKHEROG¿YHIRRWWDOOIURQGVRI WKH-DSDQHVHWXUQLSIHUQ Angiopteris lygodiifolia FUHDWHDVWDUWOLQJ SUHVHQWDWLRQ,QWKH2UFKLG)HUQDQG &DUQLYRURXV3ODQW+RXVHWKHUDQJHRI SODQWVL]HVDQGIURQGIRUPVLVDPD]LQJ 2IWKHRYHUDFFHVVLRQVDQG Llavea cordifolia (Pteridaceae) was collected in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, where it grows in deep shade by a waterfall. It WD[DLQWKHJDUGHQDUHJURZLQJ doesn’t need quite that wet a situation in the Garden, shown here in the Mexican/Central American Area. Photo by Holly Forbes RXWGRRUV2XUFROOHFWLRQVKRZVWKDW IHUQVJURZLQPDQ\KDELWDWVRIWHQ ZKHUH\RXOHDVWH[SHFWWKHP7KH\DGG WH[WXUHDQGEHDXW\WRRXUJDUGHQVDQGKRPHVDQGPRVWRIXVDUH MXVWEHJLQQLQJWRDSSUHFLDWHWKHLUSRWHQWLDO - Chris Carmichael The NAPCC and The Collection by the Numbers The Garden has over 500 accessions of 360 taxa of ferns. About 65% ŐƌŽǁŝŶƚŚĞŽƵƚĚŽŽƌĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚĂďŽƵƚϴϰйĂƌĞŽĨŬŶŽǁŶǁŝůĚ ŽƌŝŐŝŶ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJǀĂůƵĂďůĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐ͘ dŚĞ'ĂƌĚĞŶŚĂƐďĞŶĞĮƚĞĚŐƌĞĂƚůLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐƵƌĂƚŽƌŝĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŽĨƌ͘ůĂŶ^ŵŝƚŚ͕ƵƌĂƚŽƌŽĨWƚĞƌŝĚŽƉŚLJƚĞƐĂƚƚŚĞh Θ:ĞƉƐŽŶ,ĞƌďĂƌŝĂĂŶĚĨŽƌŵĞƌŵĞŵďĞƌŽĨƚŚĞ'ĂƌĚĞŶ͛Ɛ&ĂĐƵůƚLJ ĚǀŝƐŽƌLJŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ͘ƌ͘^ŵŝƚŚŝƐƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŽĨTropical Ferns of MexicoĂŶĚŝƐĂŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůLJƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚĞdžƉĞƌƚŝŶĨĞƌŶ ƐLJƐƚĞŵĂƟĐƐĂŶĚƚĂdžŽŶŽŵLJ͘KǀĞƌƚǁĞŶƚLJƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉĂƉĞƌƐ ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶďĂƐĞĚŝŶƉĂƌƚŽŶƚŚĞ'ĂƌĚĞŶ͛ƐĨĞƌŶĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͖ŶŝŶĞŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂƵƚŚŽƌĞĚŽƌĐŽͲĂƵƚŚŽƌĞĚďLJƌ͘^ŵŝƚŚ͘WůĞĂƐĞƐĞĞŽƵƌǁĞď ƐŝƚĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůŝƐƟŶŐ͘ /ŶϮϬϭϮ͕ƚŚĞ'ĂƌĚĞŶ͛ƐĨĞƌŶĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶǁĂƐƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚĂƐ ĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞďLJƚŚĞEŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂŶWůĂŶƚ ŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐŽŶƐŽƌƟƵŵ;EWͿ͘dŚĞEWŝƐĂũŽŝŶƚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ŽĨƚŚĞŵĞƌŝĐĂŶWƵďůŝĐ'ĂƌĚĞŶƐƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞh^͛Ɛ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘dŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞƐĞdžĐĞůůĞŶĐĞŝŶ ƉůĂŶƚŐĞƌŵƉůĂƐŵƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉůĂŶƚĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƐŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ This is an unusual Mexican form of Hart’s tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium, ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƉƵďůŝĐŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͘ŽƌŐͬŶĂƉĐĐ Aspleniaceae) that has undivided fronds. Various forms are available in the horticul- tural trade, including fronds with frilled margins. Photo by Holly Forbes 4 University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley FERNS FOR YOUR GARDEN KHUHLVDSODFHIRUIHUQVLQMXVWDERXWDQ\%D\$UHD 6HYHUDOVSHFLHVRIWKHJHQXVPolypody SURVSHULQWKHJDUGHQRULQ JDUGHQ)HUQVDGGWH[WXUHDQGFRORUWRRXUSODQWLQJV SRWVEXWUHPHPEHUWKH\JRGRUPDQWLQWKHVXPPHU,KDYHSRWV DQGQRWRQO\LQVKDGHVRIJUHHQ$QXPEHURIIHUQVVSRUW RISRO\SRG\VVFDWWHUHGDURXQGP\\DUGLQWKHZLQWHUDQGVSULQJ TFRORUIXOYDULHJDWLRQLQFOXGLQJWKHSDLQWHGIHUQVUHODWLYHV DQG,SXWWKHPEHKLQGDVKHGZKHQWKH\JRGRUPDQWIRUWKH RIWKHIDPLOLDUQDWLYHODG\IHUQV Athyrium VSS 7KHIURQGV GXUDWLRQRIWKHVXPPHU$VQRWHGDERYHDQXPEHURIQDWLYHV RIFHUWDLQZRRGIHUQV DryopterisVSS DQGWKHHDVLO\JURZQ DUHDOVR[HURSK\WHVDQGFDQWROHUDWHUHODWLYHO\OLWWOHZDWHULQ Blechnum appendiculatumVKRZSLQNRUUHGGLVKFRORUDWLRQDV WKHJDUGHQ WKH\XQIXUOEHIRUHPDWXULQJWRDGDUNHUJUHHQ ,I\RXKDYHDVRPHZKDWPRLVWVLWXDWLRQVD\WKHHGJH RIDODZQLQOLJKWVKDGH\RXU RSWLRQVIRUJURZLQJIHUQVDUH ZLGHRSHQ1DWLYHVVXFKDVFKDLQ IHUQ :RRGZDUGLD¿PEULDWD DQG ODG\IHUQ $WK\ULXP¿OL[IHPLQD ZLOOJURZODUJHDQGEROGJLYHQ WKHULJKWFRQGLWLRQV2XUQDWLYH PDLGHQKDLUIHUQVDGGDSDUWLFXODUO\ GHOLFDWHWRXFKWRWKHJDUGHQDQG ERWKWKH¿YH¿QJHUIHUQ Adiantum aleuticum DQGVRXWKHUQPDLGHQKDLU A. capillis-veneris GRZHOOZLWK VRPHPRLVWXUHDQGVKDGH 0DQ\H[RWLFIHUQVGRZHOO ZLWKYDU\LQJDPRXQWVRIVKDGH DQGVRPHPRLVWXUH:RRGIHUQV DryopterisVSS HVSHFLDOO\$VLDQ VSHFLHVDUHFRPPRQJDUGHQSODQWV $VLDQWRQJXHIHUQV PyrrosiaVSS ZLWKWKHLUXQGLYLGHGEODGHOLNH IURQGVDGGDGLVWLQFWLYHWRXFKWRD ǦƤȋAdiantum aleuticum) is a popular garden subject, but needs consistently moist conditions. VKDGHGURFNHU\7UHHIHUQVRIVHYHUDO Photo by James Gaither JHQHUDDUH%D\$UHDJDUGHQVWDSOHV DOZD\VFUHDWLQJDGUDPDWLF $QLQFUHDVLQJO\ODUJHQXPEHURIGU\JURZLQJ SUHVHQWDWLRQ RU[HURSK\WLFIHUQVDUHDYDLODEOHIRURXUVXPPHUGU\ &DOLIRUQLDQODQGVFDSH&KHFNRXWWKH*DUGHQ¶V:DWHU:LVH (QWU\3ODQWLQJDQG;HURSK\WLF)HUQ'LVSOD\WRVHHH[DPSOHV RIWKHVH¿QHKRPHJDUGHQFDQGLGDWHVLQFOXGLQJFORDNIHUQV Astrolepis sSS OLSIHUQV CheilanthesVSS DQGQDWLYH ELUG¶VIRRWIHUQ Pellaea mucronata 0RVWWDNHIXOOVXQDQG ZKLOHWKH\ZLOOVXUYLYHZLWKOLWWOHRUQRVXPPHUZDWHUWKH\ ZLOOORRNEHWWHUZLWKSHULRGLFOLJKWLUULJDWLRQ:LWKVXSSRUW IURPWKH6DUDWRJD+RUWLFXOWXUDO5HVHDUFK(QGRZPHQW 8&%*VWDIIDUHZRUNLQJWRH[SDQGWKHDYDLODELOLW\RI [HURSK\WLFIHUQVLQWKHKRUWLFXOWXUDOWUDGH/RRNIRUQHZ LQWURGXFWLRQVLQWKHQRWWRRGLVWDQWIXWXUH &DOLIRUQLDQIHUQVSHFLHVDUHIUHTXHQWO\LQFOXGHGLQ QDWLYHSODQWLQJV7KHEROGGDUNJUHHQIROLDJHRIWKHVZRUG IHUQ Polystichum munitum ORRNVSDUWLFXODUO\¿WWLQJXQGHU Bird’s- foot fern (Pellaea mucronata) is planted in several Garden collections, and does UHGZRRGVHYRNLQJWKHIHHORIQRUWKHUQ&DOLIRUQLD¶VIRUHVWV
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