Wireless Networks and MAC Protocols
Embedded Networks 11 1 J. Kaiser, IVS-EOS MAC-protocols
controlled access random access
Collision avoidance Collision resolution
Reservation-based Token-based Time-based Master- Priority-based probabilistic Slave dynamic static ProfiBus DP FIP Token-Ring CAN-Open ATM TDMA: Token-Bus CSMA/CA : TTP, Consistent Arbitration Maruti Timed CAN Token CSMA/CA : Protocol Collision Avoidance CSMA/CD : IEEE 802.11 Carrier Sense Multiple Access / P-persistent CSMA Collision Detection VTCSMA Ethernet
Embedded Networks 11 2 J. Kaiser, IVS-EOS IEEE 802.11
Network STA Types ad-hoc network CELL
STA STA infrastructure network
STA STA
CELL CELL
DS: Distribution System STA IEEE 802.X AP STA AP Access Point
Embedded Networks 11 3 J. Kaiser, IVS-EOS IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 MAC Layer
MAC Architektur:
Contention- Free Contention Services Services
Point Coordination Function (PCF) (optional)
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
Embedded Networks 11 4 J. Kaiser, IVS-EOS IEEE 802.11
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
• CSMA/CA Protocol • Collision Avoidance by random backoff procedure (p-persistent) • All Frames are acknowledged, lost Frames are resend • Priority Access by Interframe Space (IFS) => fair arbitration but no real-time support
Embedded Networks 11 5 J. Kaiser, IVS-EOS Relationship of different IFSs in 802.11
DIFS DIFS Contention Window PIFS SIFS Busy Medium Backoff-Window Next frame Slot time Defer Access
DIFS: DCF Interframe Space PIFS: PCF Interframe Space SIFS: Short Interframe Space
Embedded Networks 11 6 J. Kaiser, IVS-EOS Example of 802.11 RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK Scheme
SIFS BO=3 (set) BO=0 BO=5 (set) BO=15 (set) A DIFS RTS DATA DIFS RTS DIFS
collision B CTS ACK BO=8 (set) BO=5 (suspend) BO=5(resume) BO=10 (set) BUSY DIFS NAV (RTS) DIFS RTS DIFS Others NAV(CTS)
BO: backoff
Embedded Networks 11 7 J. Kaiser, IVS-EOS Parameters of wireless networks