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126613868.23.Pdf , ;' ^ Sc^SHS. ifS PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY VOLUME XLV COCKBURN OF ORMISTOUN’S LETTERS 1727-1744 March 1904 JOHN COCKBURN OF ORMISTOUN from a portrait presented in 1898 by Miss C. Dick-Lauder to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery X LETTERS OF JOHN COCKBURN OF ORMISTOUN TO HIS GARDENER 1727-1744 Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by JAMES COLVILLE, M.A., D.Sc.(Edin.) AUTHOR OP ‘BY-WAYS OP HISTORY,’ ETC. EDINBURGH Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable for the Scottish History Society 1904 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION— Ormistoun and the Cockburns, .... xvii The Old House of Ormistoun, .... xviii The Correspondence, ..... xxi A Model Scottish Landlord, .... xxiii Personalia, ...... xxvii Language and Style, ..... xxxi Cockburn’s Work and Place, .... xxxv LETTERS— (Tottenham, 4th Dec. 1727.) Weather—Cousin John to get seeds from Colebrook’s gardener to be sent by a cook-maid going by sea — a carrot hough — Alex. Wight’s faulty hedging —brewing accident—melon seeds—cabbage, turnip and onion seeds sent from his own garden, . 1-3 II (lltk Jany. 1734.) About pruning of trees — friction over ‘my brother’s’ orders and Charles Cokburne’s work — directing labour—planting of horse chesnuts and walnuts— elms from ‘ ditches ’ to be sent but no Leith ship in river—to get Swedish fir seed from Norway,. 3-5 vii viii ORMISTOUN’S LETTERS III (London, 12th Feb. 1734.) Correspondence troubles—elms sent out of Herts—vial with crab-apple seed—timber to be cut for sale— value of timeous pruning—trees planted in hedge- rows about the town — cutting in Alex. Wight’s wood — Swedish fir seed and Glasgow packet — planting out elms, ashes, and oaks — in tenants’ hedgerows—sowing fir seed—Gregory and a Bill of Exchange, ...... 5-11 IV (21 if Feb. 1734.) Weather—inquiries about planting of elms, getting seed of silver and common firs—planting out hazels— watering—inquiries about walnuts—where to buy chesnuts—elms out of Herts just put on board for Leith, ...... 11-14 V (21 A1/ Dec. 1734.) Bell’s bad ink—Alex. Cokburn’s blundering—protection of the nursery by a dike—defective hedging—blunders of the Wights being repeated—nursery to be at once fenced, ...... 14-17 VI (27tk Dec. 1734.) Bell combining his own gardening with Cockburn’s— views on market-gardening — bad business ways— short-sighted policy of Scots—the improving town and business prospects—a good public-house—trade in raspberries for punch—openings at home and in CONTENTS Edinburgh—new fruits and vegetables—neglect of manure—stupid husbandry—ditching and planting near the town—‘this letter is to yourself’—Alex. Wight gets peas and beans for seed from London —a pond should be made beside Bell’s well for summer watering, ..... 17-21 VII {Hampstead, 15th Feb. 1735.) Directions about planting out firs—to get statement about the nursery—no letters from ‘brother/ Alex. Wight and John Christie—‘don’t show this or any other unless I order it ’—Gregory and Exchange, . 21 VIII {Hampstead, 3rd June 1735.) Weather — thoughts about improved market-gardening — Bell senior’s narrow views — foolish practices— experiment with mulberries and quinces—kinds of pears and apples—foreseeing objections—hopes of market in Edinburgh—market-gardener beginning at Inveresk—kind of supply hitherto in Edinburgh— Covent Garden costermongers and their pushing ways—cart for Edinburgh trade—benefit of having ‘uncommon things’ to tempt buyers—be thorough —Scots niggardly ways—proper care of horses and cows—prospects of business for Bell likely to im- prove— Brodie the carpenter — heavy expenses of London gardeners—Scots want of enterprise—treat- ment of weeds, turnips, grasses—Patrick and rasp- berry punch—weeders and pullers (hiring of) — Gordon and a plan—inquiries about the new inn— friction with brothers and Alex. Wight—pruning. 22-32 ORMISTOUN’S LETTERS IX (No date: ? June 1735.) No answer from Alex. Wight and Christie—prepare to get Portugal onion seed—treatment—usual onions in Scotland strong Strasburg—not to be shown to ' my brothers ’—only enclosure, .... 32-33 X (Hampstead, 30th Aug., 1st and 2nd Sept. 1735.) A throng planting-time in view—state of building in town — how business at inn and mill and with Brodie’s carpentering—Mrs. Cokburn and a plank of wood—the rows of beeches or vista—to be laid out this winter—-road- and bridge-making—effect of new houses in town—the c great cast ’ or open drain —enclosing mismanaged—hedges and trees in the town, ....... 33-37 XI (20th Sept. 1735.) An open mind—enclosing—Mr. Hepburn and oaks— Brodie’s neglect of business—£ tell him what I say ’ —seeds ought to be got for Bell’s garden—Miles and sinking a pit—friction with Patrick—trouble over a dismissed servant, .... 37-39 XII (No date: ? Dec. 1733.) London post-runner — Christmas snow — Bell been in London—a dark intrigue — fI hate wrangling’ — kept entirely in the dark, so can give no orders— elms sent and an unnamed tree (service)—planting, pruning, and peeling bark, . 39-42 CONTENTS xi XIII (Scarsborough, 28th Aug. 1739.) Mill-lade—stones for bridges—Gordon’s house building —planting out oaks—full directions—Bell’s super- vision and excuses—beeches in Long Walk (vista)— improvements in garden—the yew tree—fruit trees in ‘the little garden’—artichokes and colliflowers (how to treat)—small fruit and wall trees, 42-46 XIV (9th Oct. 1739.) How to treat artichokes—planting and David Wight’s feelings — planting on dykes — labourers’ wages — ‘be sharper on idlers’—more careful supervision in planting—give a journal of work done—propagating elms—weather good for wheat sowing—in Hereford- shire the braird good—late sowing an evil—bad barley makes bad malt, .... 46-50 XV (Saturday, 23rd Feb. 1740.) Severe weather and late sowing—poor melons in Scotland — Scots climate and Scots ignorance — English gardeners and watering — blundering thrift — the waterman and sailings—Bell’s brothers not a hope- ful pair after London teaching, . 50-52 XVI (Tuesday, 4>th March : ? 1740.) Interruptions in letter-writing—good spring weather— the dilatory Lowther—forward weather for plant- ing—pigeons (how to manage)—planting in dykes— frequent messages to Lowther—a lighter for river traffic—planting cherries and mulberries—the bowl- xii ORMISTOUN’S LETTERS ing green—plan for garden—how to treat mulberries —white grapes sent—how to treat—where to put the vines, ...... 52-57 XVII (No date: [follows No. 16].) Effects of Lowther’s dilatoriness — bell-glasses sent— ditchers asking too high wages, 57 XVIII (13th March 1740.) The long frost — inquiries about the mulberries, how they look—drill of turnips between rows of planted- out trees—untimely sowing of trees bad—the natural season—objections—treatment of beds—benefits of manuring heavily in nursery—vermin—unseasonable pruning—the gravel walk—lower garden to be all in grass — watering and mats — effects of severe winter on scarcity—hares barking trees—fencing for sheep, ...... 57-62 XIX (5th May 1740.) Vines—horses and advertising grazing—fair-dealing— malicious mischief—‘May shine’—cutting down timber for sale—bark selling—snow, hail, thunder— Surrey hills white—grazing horses and scarcity of grass—pigeons to let fly—when to prune, 62-66 XX (3rd Feb. 1741.) Bell careless—effect of building in town on hedges— tenants and trees—see to good supply of garden stuff—‘don’t glance this letter and then throw it by ’—sowing begun—pigeons. 66-69 CONTENTS xiii (24/A Feb. 1741.) Weather—much expected now of the garden—folly of sparing labour in turning over and preparing ground —weather checked new sown crops—March dust—a late seed-time bad—inquiries about growth of young trees—my wife’s fowls, and the hogs, . 69-70 XXII {3rd March 1741.) Leeks in soups much used in London—Switeser’s seed shop—dry spring—how to manure and plant—‘my son and one of the mares,’ . 70-71 XXIII {3\st March 1741.) Seeds from Turkey-—hot-beds—snow or hail daily—winter dry—pigeons breeding—young elms—mats to screen from cold winds—the Lock mare dead — farrier’s report—bad usage, . .72-73 XXIV (24<A April 1742.) Willows — fir seeds from the north (Highlands) — not forward—dawdling ways—inquiries for firs and oaks — dykes — pruning—just now the season — ‘how grass is in each inclosure ’—feeding of stock, . 73-74 XXV {8th May 1742.) Firs and oaks again—see to dunghills and gates—make haste with ditches or drains for enclosing—nature of these fences—to enclose cattle—cut ash timber to xiv ORMISTOUN’S LETTERS be stored in the Girnel—dispute about lease— impartial justice, . .75-76 XXVI (30/A Sept. 174.2.) Work suitable for season—Bell slack with workmen (hired)—planting elms, firs, oaks, ashes, beeches— proportions of each—planting (proper method)— nothing heard about pruning—the old churchyard — interruptions in writing — heavy rains — see to planting and harrowing for weeds, . 76-79 XXVII (llth Octr. 174.2.) Bell remiss in writing—severe reproof—orders about building and kinds of house allowed—stupidity of Scotch thrift—opening up the quarry—loss of trees through building—trees from Kelso by the carrier— excuses for indolence, .... 79-81 XXVIII (6th Nov. 174.2.) Directions as to planting—minute report wanted—success of mulberries—planting of hedges—blunders in trans- planting trees—previous neglect—ferns stacked— wet ones for manure—sloes and briers from Cramond —winter weather, ..... 81-83 XXIX (19th Feb. 174.3.) See to planting trees and hedges about the town—how to keep seed—care of fruit trees on walls and espaliers —fowls, kinds and treatment—feeding pigeons— elder for hedges — memorandum of trees planted, 1742 and 1743, 84-87 CONTENTS xv XXX (15/A March 1743.) Severe winter—effects on wheat, grass, and young animals —breeding of hens—sowing barley and clover—clear- ing out of weeds—thorough opening and cleaning of ground—neglected by farmers — losses from ‘ unthinking stupidity,’ ...
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