Fate Maps, Gene Expression Maps, and the Evidentiary Structure of Evolutionary Developmental Biology
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FGF Signaling in Gastrulation and Neural Development in Nematostella Vectensis, an Anthozoan Cnidarian
Dev Genes Evol DOI 10.1007/s00427-006-0122-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE FGF signaling in gastrulation and neural development in Nematostella vectensis, an anthozoan cnidarian David Q. Matus & Gerald H. Thomsen & Mark Q. Martindale Received: 8 June 2006 /Accepted: 3 November 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signal trans- planula stages known as the apical tuft. These results duction pathway serves as one of the key regulators of early suggest a conserved role for FGF signaling molecules in metazoan development, displaying conserved roles in the coordinating both gastrulation and neural induction that specification of endodermal, mesodermal, and neural fates predates the Cambrian explosion and the origins of the during vertebrate development. FGF signals also regulate Bilateria. gastrulation, in part, by triggering epithelial to mesenchy- mal transitions in embryos of both vertebrates and Keywords Gastrulation . Neurogenesis . invertebrates. Thus, FGF signals coordinate gastrulation Evolution of development movements across many different phyla. To help under- stand the breadth of FGF signaling deployment across the animal kingdom, we have examined the presence and Introduction expression of genes encoding FGF pathway components in the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. We isolat- Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) were originally isolated ed three FGF ligands (NvFGF8A, NvFGF8B,and from vertebrate brain and pituitary fibroblasts for their roles NvFGF1A), two FGF receptors (NvFGFRa and NvFGFRb), in angiogenesis, mitogenesis, cellular differentiation, mi- and two orthologs of vertebrate FGF responsive genes, gration, and tissue-injury repair (Itoh and Ornitz 2004; Sprouty (NvSprouty), an inhibitor of FGF signaling, and Ornitz and Itoh 2001; Popovici et al. 2005). FGFs signal Churchill (NvChurchill), a Zn finger transcription factor. -
Neuromesodermal Progenitors Are a Conserved Source of Spinal
© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2019) 146, dev175620. doi:10.1242/dev.175620 CORRECTION Correction: Neuromesodermal progenitors are a conserved source of spinal cord with divergent growth dynamics (doi: 10.1242/dev.166728) Andrea Attardi, Timothy Fulton, Maria Florescu, Gopi Shah, Leila Muresan, Martin O. Lenz, Courtney Lancaster, Jan Huisken, Alexander van Oudenaarden and Benjamin Steventon Light-sheet imaging data associated with Development (2018) 145, dev166728 (doi: 10.1242/dev.166728) are now available in the Image Data Repository with an explanatory Data Note hosted by Wellcome Open Research. The corrected Data availability section is shown below and both the online full-text and PDF versions have been updated. Data availability (corrected) Sequencing data associated with the ScarTrace lineage tracing study have been deposited in GEO under accession number GSE121114. The Matlab script allowing for user-defined selection of tracking data can be found here: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1475146. Light-sheet imaging data associated with Fig. 7 have been deposited in the Image Data Repository (https://idr.openmicroscopy.org/webclient/?show=project-552) with an associated Data Note hosted by Wellcome Open Research (https:// wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-163/v1). Data availability (original) Sequencing data associated with the ScarTrace lineage tracing study have been deposited in GEO under accession number GSE121114. The Matlab script allowing for user-defined selection of tracking data can be found here: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1475146. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. -
Cadherin Switch Marks Germ Layer Formation in the Diploblastic Sea Anemone Nematostella Vectensis
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/488270; this version posted December 6, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis PUKHLYAKOVA, E.A.1, KIRILLOVA, A.1,2, KRAUS, Y.A. 2, TECHNAU, U.1 1 Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre of Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 2 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119991, Moscow, Russia. Key words: cadherin, cell adhesion, morphogenesis, germ layers, Nematostella, Cnidaria Abstract Morphogenesis is a shape-building process during development of multicellular organisms. During this process the establishment and modulation of cell-cell contacts play an important role. Cadherins, the major cell adhesion molecules, form adherens junctions connecting ephithelial cells. Numerous studies in Bilateria have shown that cadherins are associated with the regulation of cell differentiation, cell shape changes, cell migration and tissue morphogenesis. To date, the role of Cadherins in non- bilaterians is unknown. Here, we study the expression and the function of two paralogous classical cadherins, cadherin1 and cadherin3, in the diploblastic animal, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We show that a cadherin switch is accompanying the formation of germ layers. Using specific antibodies, we show that both cadherins are localized to adherens junctions at apical and basal positions in ectoderm and endoderm. -
Bodily Complexity: Integrated Multicellular Organizations for Contraction-Based Motility
fphys-10-01268 October 11, 2019 Time: 16:13 # 1 HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY published: 15 October 2019 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01268 Bodily Complexity: Integrated Multicellular Organizations for Contraction-Based Motility Argyris Arnellos1,2* and Fred Keijzer3 1 IAS-Research Centre for Life, Mind & Society, Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain, 2 Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Complex Systems and Service Design Lab, University of the Aegean, Syros, Greece, 3 Department of Theoretical Philosophy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Compared to other forms of multicellularity, the animal case is unique. Animals—barring some exceptions—consist of collections of cells that are connected and integrated to such an extent that these collectives act as unitary, large free-moving entities capable of sensing macroscopic properties and events. This animal configuration Edited by: Matteo Mossio, is so well-known that it is often taken as a natural one that ‘must’ have evolved, UMR8590 Institut d’Histoire et given environmental conditions that make large free-moving units ‘obviously’ adaptive. de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), France Here we question the seemingly evolutionary inevitableness of animals and introduce Reviewed by: a thesis of bodily complexity: The multicellular organization characteristic for typical Stuart A. Newman, animals requires the integration of a multitude of intrinsic bodily features between its New York Medical -
Your Inner Fish : a Journey Into the 3.5-Billion-Year History of the Human Body / by Neil Shubin.—1St Ed
EPILOGUE As a parent of two young children, I find myself spending a lot of time lately in zoos, museums, and aquaria. Being a visitor is a strange experience, because I’ve been involved with these places for decades, working in museum collections and even helping to prepare exhibits on occasion. During family trips, I’ve come to realize how much my vocation can make me numb to the beauty and sublime complexity of our world and our bodies. I teach and write about millions of years of history and about bizarre ancient worlds, and usually my interest is detached and analytic. Now I’m experiencing science with my children—in the kinds of places where I discovered my love for it in the first place. One special moment happened recently with my son at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. We’ve gone there regularly over the past three years because of his love of trains and the fact that there is a huge model railroad smack in the center of the place. I’ve spent countless hours at that one exhibit tracing model locomotives on their little trek from Chicago to Seattle. After a number of weekly visits 263 to this shrine for the train-obsessed, Nathaniel and I walked to corners of the museum we had failed to visit during our train-watching ventures or occasional forays to the full-size tractors and planes. In the back of the museum, in the Henry Crown Space Center, model planets hang from the ceiling and space suits lie in cases together with other memorabilia of the space program of the 1960s and 1970s. -
Cellular and Molecular Processes Leading to Embryo Formation In
Cellular and molecular processes leading to embryo formation in sponges: evidences for high conservation of processes throughout animal evolution Alexander Ereskovsky, Emmanuelle Renard, Carole Borchiellini To cite this version: Alexander Ereskovsky, Emmanuelle Renard, Carole Borchiellini. Cellular and molecular processes leading to embryo formation in sponges: evidences for high conservation of processes through- out animal evolution. Development Genes and Evolution, Springer Verlag, 2013, 223, pp.5 - 22. 10.1007/s00427-012-0399-3. hal-01456624 HAL Id: hal-01456624 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01456624 Submitted on 5 Feb 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Author's personal copy Dev Genes Evol (2013) 223:5–22 DOI 10.1007/s00427-012-0399-3 REVIEW Cellular and molecular processes leading to embryo formation in sponges: evidences for high conservation of processes throughout animal evolution Alexander V. Ereskovsky & Emmanuelle Renard & Carole Borchiellini Received: 20 December 2011 /Accepted: 26 March 2012 /Published online: 29 April 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract The emergence of multicellularity is regarded as metamorphosis. Thus, sponges can provide information en- one of the major evolutionary events of life. This transition abling us to better understand early animal evolution at the unicellularity/pluricellularity was acquired independently molecular level but also at the cell/cell layer level. -
Lab 5: Phylum Mollusca
Biology 18 Spring, 2008 Lab 5: Phylum Mollusca Objectives: Understand the taxonomic relationships and major features of mollusks Learn the external and internal anatomy of the clam and squid Understand the major advantages and limitations of the exoskeletons of mollusks in relation to the hydrostatic skeletons of worms and the endoskeletons of vertebrates, which you will examine later in the semester Textbook Reading: pp. 700-702, 1016, 1020 & 1021 (Figure 47.22), 943-944, 978-979, 1046 Introduction The phylum Mollusca consists of over 100,000 marine, freshwater, and terrestrial species. Most are familiar to you as food sources: oysters, clams, scallops, and yes, snails, squid and octopods. Some also serve as intermediate hosts for parasitic trematodes, and others (e.g., snails) can be major agricultural pests. Mollusks have many features in common with annelids and arthropods, such as bilateral symmetry, triploblasty, ventral nerve cords, and a coelom. Unlike annelids, mollusks (with one major exception) do not possess a closed circulatory system, but rather have an open circulatory system consisting of a heart and a few vessels that pump blood into coelomic cavities and sinuses (collectively termed the hemocoel). Other distinguishing features of mollusks are: z A large, muscular foot variously modified for locomotion, digging, attachment, and prey capture. z A mantle, a highly modified epidermis that covers and protects the soft body. In most species, the mantle also secretes a shell of calcium carbonate. z A visceral mass housing the internal organs. z A mantle cavity, the space between the mantle and viscera. Gills, when present, are suspended within this cavity. -
Mesodermal Anatomies in Cnidarian Polyps and Medusae
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 50: 589-599 (2006) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.062150ks Review Mesodermal anatomies in cnidarian polyps and medusae KATJA SEIPEL and VOLKER SCHMID* Institute of Zoology, University of Basel, Biocenter/Pharmacenter, Basel, Switzerland Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 589 Diploblasty in the historical perspective .......................................................................................................................................... 589 The cnidarian mesoderm unearthed ...................................................................................................................................................... 591 What is a mesoderm? ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 591 Muscle cells in Cnidaria ............................................................................................................................................................................... 592 Mesodermal muscle in Hydrozoa? ................................................................................................................................................. 592 Mesodermal differentiation in Scyphozoa, Cubozoa and Anthozoa ............................................... -
Molecular Evidence for Deep Evolutionary Roots of Bilaterality in Animal Development
Molecular evidence for deep evolutionary roots of bilaterality in animal development David Q. Matus*, Kevin Pang*, Heather Marlow*, Casey W. Dunn*, Gerald H. Thomsen†, and Mark Q. Martindale*‡ *Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Bioscience Research Center, University of Hawaii, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813; and †Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215 Edited by John B. Gurdon, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and approved May 26, 2006 (received for review February 23, 2006) Nearly all metazoans show signs of bilaterality, yet it is believed growth differentiation factors, and TGF-s] and antagonists (nog- the bilaterians arose from radially symmetric forms hundreds of gin, follistatin, gremlin, and cerberus). Many of these genes in millions of years ago. Cnidarians (corals, sea anemones, and ‘‘jelly- vertebrates are expressed asymmetrically in the dorsal lip of the fish’’) diverged from other animals before the radiation of the blastopore during gastrulation (i.e., the Spemann Organizer) and Bilateria. They are diploblastic and are often characterized as being have been shown to be causally involved in the elaboration of D-V radially symmetrical around their longitudinal (oral–aboral) axis. features (11). Other genes, including the homeodomain transcrip- We have studied the deployment of orthologs of a number of tion factors goosecoid (Gsc) and gastrulation brain homeodomain family members of developmental regulatory genes that are ex- (Gbx), are also expressed either in the dorsal lip during gastrulation pressed asymmetrically during bilaterian embryogenesis from the (Gsc) or involved in patterning the brain (Gbx) (14–17). sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. -
Evolution of Striated Muscle: Jellyfish and the Origin of Triploblasty
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Developmental Biology 282 (2005) 14 – 26 www.elsevier.com/locate/ydbio Review Evolution of striated muscle: Jellyfish and the origin of triploblasty Katja Seipel, Volker Schmid* Institute of Zoology, Biocenter/Pharmacenter, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland Received for publication 6 October 2004, revised 9 March 2005, accepted 27 March 2005 Available online 26 April 2005 Abstract The larval and polyp stages of extant Cnidaria are bi-layered with an absence of mesoderm and its differentiation products. This anatomy originally prompted the diploblast classification of the cnidarian phylum. The medusa stage, or jellyfish, however, has a more complex anatomy characterized by a swimming bell with a well-developed striated muscle layer. Based on developmental histology of the hydrozoan medusa this muscle derives from the entocodon, a mesoderm-like third cell layer established at the onset of medusa formation. According to recent molecular studies cnidarian homologs to bilaterian mesoderm and myogenic regulators are expressed in the larval and polyp stages as well as in the entocodon and derived striated muscle. Moreover striated and smooth muscle cells may have evolved directly and independently from non-muscle cells as indicated by phylogenetic analysis of myosin heavy chain genes (MHC class II). To accommodate all evidences we propose that striated muscle-based locomotion coevolved with the nervous and digestive systems in a basic metazoan Bauplan from which the ancestors of the Ctenophora (comb jellyfish), Cnidaria (jellyfish and polyps), as well as the Bilateria are derived. -
Sipuncula: an Emerging Model of Spiralian Development and Evolution MICHAEL J
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 58: 485-499 (2014) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.140095mb www.intjdevbiol.com Sipuncula: an emerging model of spiralian development and evolution MICHAEL J. BOYLE1 and MARY E. RICE2 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama, Republic of Panama and 2Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (SMSFP), Florida, USA ABSTRACT Sipuncula is an ancient clade of unsegmented marine worms that develop through a conserved pattern of unequal quartet spiral cleavage. They exhibit putative character modifications, including conspicuously large first-quartet micromeres and prototroch cells, postoral metatroch with exclusive locomotory function, paired retractor muscles and terminal organ system, and a U-shaped digestive architecture with left-right asymmetric development. Four developmental life history patterns are recognized, and they have evolved a unique metazoan larval type, the pelagosphera. When compared with other quartet spiral-cleaving models, sipunculan development is understud- ied, challenging and typically absent from evolutionary interpretations of spiralian larval and adult body plan diversity. If spiral cleavage is appropriately viewed as a flexible character complex, then understudied clades and characters should be investigated. We are pursuing sipunculan models for modern molecular, genetic and cellular research on evolution of spiralian development. Protocols for whole mount gene expression studies are established in four species. Molecular labeling and confocal imaging techniques are operative from embryogenesis through larval development. Next- generation sequencing of developmental transcriptomes has been completed for two species with highly contrasting life history patterns, Phascolion cryptum (direct development) and Nephasoma pellucidum (indirect planktotrophy). Looking forward, we will attempt intracellular lineage tracing and fate-mapping studies in a proposed model sipunculan, Themiste lageniformis. -
Resegmentation Is an Ancestral Feature of the Gnathostome Vertebral Skeleton Katharine E Criswell1,2*, J Andrew Gillis1,2
RESEARCH ARTICLE Resegmentation is an ancestral feature of the gnathostome vertebral skeleton Katharine E Criswell1,2*, J Andrew Gillis1,2 1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 2Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, United States Abstract The vertebral skeleton is a defining feature of vertebrate animals. However, the mode of vertebral segmentation varies considerably between major lineages. In tetrapods, adjacent somite halves recombine to form a single vertebra through the process of ‘resegmentation’. In teleost fishes, there is considerable mixing between cells of the anterior and posterior somite halves, without clear resegmentation. To determine whether resegmentation is a tetrapod novelty, or an ancestral feature of jawed vertebrates, we tested the relationship between somites and vertebrae in a cartilaginous fish, the skate (Leucoraja erinacea). Using cell lineage tracing, we show that skate trunk vertebrae arise through tetrapod-like resegmentation, with anterior and posterior halves of each vertebra deriving from adjacent somites. We further show that tail vertebrae also arise through resegmentation, though with a duplication of the number of vertebrae per body segment. These findings resolve axial resegmentation as an ancestral feature of the jawed vertebrate body plan. Introduction Axial segmentation is key to the body plan organization of many metazoan groups and has arisen repeatedly throughout animal evolution (Davis and Patel, 1999). Within vertebrates, the axial skele- ton is segmented into repeating vertebral units that provide structural support and protection for *For correspondence: soft tissues. Vertebral segmentation is preceded in the embryo by the segmentation of paraxial [email protected] mesoderm into epithelial blocks called somites (Figure 1a).