Safeguards Due Diligence Report
Project Number: 41435-013 January 2020 (Loan 3570/8331 and Grant 0542)
CAM: Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project – Additional Financing
ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION REPORT AND CODE OF CONDUCT For Irrigation Sub-Project in Kokaoh Commune, Moung Russey District, Battambang Province
Prepared by: National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Secretariat for the Asian Development Bank.
This safeguards due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Secretariat
Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project - Additional Financing (TSSD-AF). ADB Loan: 3570-CAM (COL), ADF 0542-CAM (SF)
ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION REPORT AND CODE OF CONDUCT For Irrigation Sub-Project in Kokaoh Commune, Moung Russey District, Battambang Province
Funded by, And Royal Government of Cambodia
Phnom Penh, January 2020 (Updated)
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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of October 2019)
Currency unit – Cambodian Riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.000244 $1.00 = KR4,099
ABBREVIATION ADB Asian Development Bank AF Additional Financing CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan CARD Council for Agriculture and Rural Development CMAW Commune Mobile Access Worker CoC Code of Conduct D&S Consultant Design and Supervision Infrastructure Consultant EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESO Environment Safeguard Officer FDERP Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project GoC Government of Cambodia GPS Global Positioning System IA Implementing Agency IEE Initial Environmental Examination MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MoE Ministry of Environment NCS National Climate Change Specialist NES National Environment Specialist NR National Road NCDDS National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development pg. 2
Secretariat PDOE Provincial Department of Environment PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PDAFF Provincial Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry PST Provincial Support Team PIC Project Implementation Consultant PIU Project Implementation Unit PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RP Resettlement Plan RR Rural Road SPS ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)
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TABLE OF CONTENT Abbreviation ...... 2 Table of Content ...... 4 List of Tables ...... 4 List of Figures ...... 4 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 II. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 6 2.1.Brief Description of Project ...... 6 2.2.Baseline Environment ...... 12 III. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING method and Category...... 13 IV. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 13 V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 14 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF CONDUCT ...... 14 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS ...... 14 VIII. CONCLUSION ...... 15 ANNEX 1: CATEGORIZATION CHECKLIST ...... 24 ANNEX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING ...... 29 ANNEX 3: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 33
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of Proposed Structures ...... 10 Table 2: Dry, Minimum and Maximum Rainfalls (millimetre) ...... 12 Table 3: Environmental Management Cost ...... 14 Table 4: Environmental Code of Conduct for Category C Subprojects ...... 16
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Kokoah-Talos Communes Irrigation Subproject ...... 8 Figure 2: Typical Cross Section of Kokoah-Talos Canal Subproject ...... 9 Figure 3: The existing Irrigation System in Kokoah Commune ...... 10 Figure 4: The existing Environmental Condition of Kokoah Subproject ...... 12 Figure 5: GRM System ...... 37
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ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION AND CODE OF CONDUCT SUB-PROJECT: KOKOAH – TALOAS REHABILITATION CANAL IN MOUNG RUSSEY DISTRICT, BATTAMBANG PROVINCE I. INTRODUCTION 1. The overall goal of the project is to assist the government to improve the management and governance of existing irrigation systems, increase agricultural production, and improve the productivity of subproject areas with the aim to increase the incomes of poor farmers. The project will focus on increased efficiency of irrigation systems and improved management of water resources in the uplands areas away from the Tonle Sap. 2. The impact of the overall project, which is aligned with the Cambodia Country Partnership Strategy 2014-2018, ADB’s Assessment, Strategy and Roadmap for the Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development Sector, and the government’s Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity, and Efficiency Phase III, will be improved livelihoods and resilience in target communes in seven provinces (Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom, Prey Veng, Siem Reap, and Tboung Khmum provinces) in the Tonle Sap Basin by 2023. The outcome of the overall project will be agricultural productivity increased, climate resilience strengthened, and access to markets improved in 271 communes in seven provinces in the Tonle Sap Basin. This will include improved rural infrastructure, improved agricultural support and rural financial services, increasing diversification of household economic activities, and the creation of on- and off-farm livelihood opportunities. 3. The project will focus on assisting communities establish livelihood improvement strategies for resource-poor farming households with assets that give them the potential to increase their farm based income. Outcomes will be measured on the basis of (i) average rice yields increasing to more than 3.5 t/ha; (ii) average rice yields of ID Poor households in target communes increased to minimum 3.0 t/ha for wet season rice production; (iii) diversified farming systems reduce share of household income from rice by 20%; (iv) marketed farm and off-farm products increased by 25%; and (v) awareness of climate smart agriculture and disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning increased. 4. The project has three major Outputs: i) Output 1: Rural productive infrastructure and livelihood improved with capacity in disaster risk management enhanced i. Rrural roads, small scale irrigation, and other production related infrastructure; ii. Support to new and old livelihood improvement groups (LIGs); and iii. Capacity building in disaster risk management ii) Output 2: Enabling environment for increased agricultural productivity, diversification and climate resilience created i. Value chain and agribusiness support; ii. Support to market improvement groups; and iii. ICT/Commune Mobile Access program iii) Output 3: Project management strengthened 5. Under Output 1 the project will invest in commune infrastructure development focusing on improvements in irrigation and village roads. Selected subprojects will be subjected to environmental screening procedure before the construction phase in order to identify environmental category following ADB SPS, 2009. 6. This Environmental Categorization Report and Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) is prepared only for the Kokoah irrigation subproject and this CoC covers all phases of core sub- project implementation from preparation through commissioning and operation, and it aims to ensure the monitoring of environmental impacts and activation of environmental mitigation pg. 5 measures. Relevant parts of the CoC will be incorporated into the construction, operation, and management of each sub-project. Environmental protection measures will (i) avoid, and (ii) where avoidance is not possible, mitigate environmental impacts, and (iii) achieve compliance with national environmental regulations and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. 7. Environmental Monitoring Programs will be carried out and the results will be used to evaluate the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts and the performance of the environmental protection measures
II. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 2.1. Brief Description of Project 8. The Kokaoh tertiary canal is located in Tuol Prum Mouy, Toul Prum Pir village in Kokoah commune and Suosdei village in Taloas commune approximately 40km to Southeast of Battambang town (Figure 1). It was constructed by Khmer Rouge. Until 2017 a part of canal was rehabilitation 1.3 km length by people contribute fund in Kokaoh commune and other part is still the existing cannot functioning in both Kokaoh and Taloas communes. There are 450 household in 3 villages (2 villages in kokaoh commune and 1in Taloas commune) in Muong Russey district who used this canal approximate 740 ha (595ha in Kokaoh commune and 145 ha in Taloas commune) for wet season and 100ha for dry season. 9. The canal was rehabilitated 1.3km on a part of Kokoah commune use people fund contribute and some part is existing canal and new cannot irrigate enough water for expected command area. The canal (length 1.3km), was rehabilitated with laterite pavement on left embankment by WFP in 2017. 10. There is an existing pipe culverts at the beginning of canal and 1 existing pipe crossing at 0+244 (Figure 4). 11. Crops grown by local people include early wet season and wet season rain-fed rice. Early wet season is start end of April to mid of August and Wet season rain-fed rice is start mid of August to December. The Early season rice irrigation water rainfall and canal. 12. The Kokaoh tertiary canal affects lands owned by people from 3 neighboring villages: Tuol Prum Muoy, Tuol Prum Pir villages in Kokoah commune and Suosdei village in Taloas commune. In addition, the people use the canal embankment as a path to travel between the Kokoah commune and Taloas commune. 13. Chak reservoir is main resource of sub-project get water through main canal and secondary canal. The Chak revservoir have supplement water from Kanghot Dam crossing Sangke River. Early Wet and wet season potential of the sub-project is analyzed. The early wet- season cropping potential is quite limited in the subproject as the Chak reservoir not enough to supply water irrigation in the early wet season. 14. Kokaoh-Taloas site, communes reported that the total irrigation area of this sub-project is about 1232ha, covering three villages (two villages in the Kokaoh commune and one village in Taloas commune). Based on the topographic map, the total irrigation area of the sub-project is measured only at about 740 ha. 15. The rrehabilitation works for the tertiary canal will include: a. Excavation of the current channel surface to the level is 12.69m, canal width 2m, canal sıde slope 1:1.5, canal bed slope 0.0001 and use suitable material to form canal embankment to a level is 15.167m, embankment side slope 1:1.5 for the right and left embankment. b. Trimming the existing canal embankment including removal of vegetation and preparing the surface for placing of fill to achieve the required rehabilitated section, c. Excavation of the canal embankment and foundations at locations of new structures or as required to repair existing structures
pg. 6 d. Placing and compacting suitable fill material on top of the trimmed canal embankment surface according to the final design dimensions and specifications. e. Placing and compacting suitable backfill material in excavated areas and around completed structures according to specifications f. Depending on soil investigations and the final detailed design, placing a laterite or other wearing surface on top of the canal embankment suitable for the expected traffic type and volume and ensuring cross fall on the top surface of 2 % for adequate drainage, g. Placing topsoil surface on top of canal embankment side slopes and sodding the surface for erosion protection
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Figure 1: Location of Kokoah-Talos Communes Irrigation Subproject
Source: SSP6, 2019 pg. 8
Figure 2: Typical Cross Section of Kokoah-Talos Canal Subproject
Source: SSP6, 2019
2. The rehabilitation and construction of these structures will include: a. Stockpiling and storing materials for construction on site and preparing the formwork and steel according to the specifications and drawings. b. Mixing and placing concrete into the forms including sampling for strength testing vibration of concrete to ensure proper compaction, curing and finishing. c. Supply and installation of galvanized railing and permanent steel gates with lifting mechanisms according to the detailed design specifications. d. Supply and installation of slope protection with materials specified in detailed designs including geotextile, stone pitching, masonry or gabions, as required. e. Supply and installation of road markers and traffic posts around structures, as required. f. Supply and installation of water level gauges, permanent benchmarks and signs as specified in the detailed designs. g. Supply and installation of temporary office buildings for use by construction supervisor including provision of furniture, supplies and equipment as detailed in specifications
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Table 1: List of Proposed Structures
Scope of Length of Project Name Propose No Works Name Station Canals (m) (Line) Canal Canal 1 1 Earth Canal 2+900 2900 2900 Construction Sub- Intake 2 0+000 1 Project (Kakaoh Structure Commune, Moung Pipe crossing Structures 3 3 0+246 1 Ruessei District, culvert Battambang 4 Pipe crossing 2+256 1 Province) culvert Note: CB: Concrete Bridge, CPC: Concrete Pipe Culvert, DS: Downstream, RE: Remove existing structure, Pr/Ch: Protection/Channeling, US: Upstream, LHS: Left Hand Side, RHS: Right Hand Side. Figure 3: The existing Irrigation System in Kokoah Commune
The structure and secondary canal crossing the main road
The Starting Point of Canal The existing alignment of Kokaoh tertiary canal
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The end section of Kokaoh Tertiary Canal Source: SSP6, 2019
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Figure 4: The existing Environmental Condition of Kokoah Subproject
Source: SSP6, 2019 2.2. Baseline Environment 16. Sensitive Area. No protected areas, rare or endangered species have been recorded for the subproject sites. 17. Rainfall. The monthly rainfall for the Kokoah subproject is shown in Table 2. This data shows that through the wet season (May to October), the crop water requirement could be largely met from rainfall in an average year. In dry years (80% exceedance is shown as a dry year) irrigation is necessary, particularly in view of the uncertainty of commencement of the wet season. Table 2: Dry, Minimum and Maximum Rainfalls (millimetre)
1985–2011 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average 4 24 49 97 141 131 157 189 227 239 66 6 1,329 Dry 80% 0 0 25 41 78 79 111 127 163 163 17 0 1,164 Dry 50% 0 13 48 76 135 123 155 181 218 232 34 1 1,340 Wet 20% 9 39 74 158 213 172 203 234 288 318 110 14 1,469 Max year 24 100 100 291 302 248 233 378 397 441 381 20 1,707 pg. 12
1985–2011 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Min year 0 0 11 20 24 42 27 77 86 105 0 0 1,062 Source: Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology, Battambang province, 2018. III. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING METHOD AND CATEGORY 18. The proposed irrigation subproject in Kokoah commune is subject to the standard environmental screening process using ADB’s Classification System called SPS 2009. In this SPS 2009 system, the project category is evaluated by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. The subprojects are classified in one of the following 3 Categories: a. Category A. A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required. b. Category B. A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required. c. Category C. A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed. 19. In order to categorize this subproject estimated impacts, the environmental specialist of SSP6 conducted: (i).transect walk through the proposed subproject work location and using environmental category check (EARF, 2017) – See Annex 1 - Categorization Checklist; (ii).consultation meeting with local authority and people who are living in Kokoah commune. Factors considered in the field and in desktop review included: the expected level and magnitude of impacts; effects on protected areas, critical habitats, natural habitats, and ecologically sensitive areas; and potential water use conflicts. 20. Based on site visit on subproject screening and public consultation with local people, the main impacts during construction will be (i) dust from earthworks in canal excavation; (ii) noise from excavation; (iii) safety hazards and disruption from the operation of machinery and haulage vehicles; (iv) loss of canal bank trees; and (v) spoil disposal. During operation of the irrigation area, the main issues will be (i) sustainability of water use (supply, demand, and water conflicts); and (ii) increase in agricultural chemical. ADB projects are assigned to an environment category depending on the significance of the potential environmental impacts and risks. Based on the result of Categorization Checklist and public consultation with local people, this project has been classified as Category C for environment because the impacts of this subproject is judged to be site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible. The environmental code of conduct is required which it will presents impacts, mitigation and monitoring measures, and responsible agency to implement. 21. Since the subproject involve the refurbishment of existing small-scale infrastructure, they do not require environmental impact assessment under government sub-decree No. 72 ANRK.BK. IV. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 22. Two public consultation meetings were held in 2019. First public meeting was done during site selection phase which is held on March 2019. Following to second public meeting is done on May 2019; combined social and environmental public meeting (See Annex 2 – List of Participants) which is 16 people joint the meeting. During the meeting, some topic has been discussed such as 1).brief the project information, 2). prepare the environmental impact map, 3). Identify the impacts due to project activity, and 3). Proposed the mitigation measure and 4).agree on the project implement. After the team has informed local people and authority about the possible impacts that could happen during construction, people agree on the project implement. pg. 13
23. The discussion in the meeting focused on the issues related the resettlement impacts, main environmental issue in the local area and concern on positive and negative impact of the proposed subproject. During the meeting, the commune leader informed that the proposed subproject is the old infrastructure, and the system could not drain sufficient water to irrigate paddy field. They hope and happy to with the proposed subproject. 24. The summary of the comments and concerns from local people and relevant local authority are described below: i) No water and no functioning secondary and tertiary irrigation canals to serve farmers ii) Technical practice for weed control, pest control with wrong decision of farmers in selecting chemicals without recommendation from agricultural extension workers are poor. iii) Limited farmer’s agro-technical knowledge in rice production and livestock production iv) Agro-technical training to farmers in place including rice and livestock is insufficient V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 25. During project implementation stage, a project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been developed in compliance with ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement to address the weaknesses in existing complaints systems and provide an easy and immediate complaint-and- response link between affected persons and the contractors/implementing agencies. GRM is detailed in Annex 3. VI. ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF CONDUCT 26. The matrix below summarizes the potential impacts of category “C” subprojects developed as part of the project. It also outlines corresponding mitigation measures designated to minimize those impacts. This code can be suitably adapted to particular subprojects and locations, it will be included in the bidding documents (See Table 4). VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS The costs of implementing the environmental management and impact mitigation measures listed in the CoC matrix (See Table 3) are included in the design costs, construction contracts and operational budgets. Table 3: Environmental Management Cost Rate Total Phases Unit Quantity (USD$) (USD$) I. Pre-Construction Phase - Preparation of Construction CoC No. 1 500 500 document - Compensation for loss of land and Under social budget property II. Construction Phase - Provide Environment, Health and Safety Training to workers/staff (including training No. 3 250 750 material, training place, snack, and professional of trainer fee) - Air pollution control (village roads+ borrow pits) especially during earthwork Day 80 10 800 duration - Noise Control to avoid noise disturbance Month 3.5 50 175 to sensitive receptor
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Rate Total Phases Unit Quantity (USD$) (USD$) - Hazardous Waste Management (install LS 1 200 200 oil spilling burden and oil trap - Solid Waste Management and Disposal LS 1 300 300 - Community Health and safety (install additional warning sign and/or safety LS 1 200 200 equipment for safety and healthy purpose) - Monthly Housekeeping for all camps and Month 3.5 100 350 construction - Loss of crops Under social budget - Compensation for loss of trees (replantation) (Planting and take care for 6 No. 5 50 250 month duration) III. Operation Phase - Management of Aquatic
Weeds(maintenance cost) - Hazardous Waste (collection drums in
villages) Total 3525 Note: EMP: Environmental Management Plan, CoC: Code of Conduct VIII. CONCLUSION 27. The majority of identified environmental impact is assessed as not significant impacts. It is concluded that this subproject is Category C for environment Safeguard. While the infrastructures subprojects planned for the Kokoah Irrigation have significant potentials benefits for rural populations of this commune. In addition, the design features, operational regimes and construction management safeguards will address the range of potential environmental impacts identify and will be active through the project environmental code of conduct (CoC) and continuously checked in the environmental monitoring program.
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Table 4: Environmental Code of Conduct for Category C Subprojects
Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Design and Pre-construction Subproject is Increased temperatures may D4 Long term Final design of subproject(s) will Design costs CC and IA and ADB impacted by lead to increased IWR affecting incorporate all relevant ESCC future climate irrigated cropping plans. recommendations of the CRVA change. Increased rainfall in wet season appropriate to the type of and intensity of rainfall events subproject. might damage infrastructure through flooding. Irrigation Proposed irrigation area needs D4 Ongoing Water allocations and drainage Design costs CC and IA and ADB extraction to be matched with water will be documented and and supported ESCC planning and availability so that (i) the water approved by the CC, IA, and by SSPs command area supply is sustainable; and (ii) ADB before procurement and management. taking water does not deny construction commences. water to users downstream. Where new irrigation areas not D2 Ongoing Key linked refuge vegetation, Design costs CC and IA previously farmed or long corridors and windbreaks should ESCC abandoned, regrowth scrubland be reserved and retained by the or forest which provide habitat extraction plan. for local wildlife may have Where natural regrowth occurred. vegetation is removed from a locality during construction, replacement planting will be undertaken. Incorporate The environmental measures in D3 At tendering Contract documents: Design costs CC and IA environmental this code of conduct need to be Preparation of the environment ESCC management given power so that they will be section in the terms of reference into contract carried out. for bidders for construction documents. contracts, and environmental contract clauses for contractors comprising the special conditions for the protection of the water, soil, and air environments. Construction
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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Site planning To ensure that environmental D3 Part of Prepare a construction site code Construction Contractors CC and matters are implemented construction of conduct (Construction CoC) Cost – national properly at each construction preparation which incorporates the relevant Environmental safeguards site. provisions of this Code of Management officer Conduct. The construction CoC Cost will also include an emergency preparedness and response plan for construction emergencies, site environmental health and safety plan, identification of sensitive receptors, and vegetation to be retained.
Construction Construction wastewater D1 Short term Construction wastewater will not Construction Contractors CC and wastewater discharged into waterways or be discharged directly onto the Cost – national agricultural land can spread surrounding soil or into surface Environmental safeguards contamination and sediments. water systems Management officer All wastewater to be passed Cost through silt traps or temporary sedimentation screens. Oil-containing wastewater will be intercepted, collected and transported to vehicle servicing area for treatment and disposal
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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Polluting Leakage or spills of fuels and D3 Long term To prevent pollution of soil and Construction Contractors CC and materials lubricants can contaminate soil, surface water/groundwater: Cost – national surface water, and groundwater. (i) storage facilities for fuels, oil, Environmental safeguards cement, and chemicals will be Management officer within secured areas on Cost impermeable surfaces, provided with bunds and cleanup installations; (ii) vehicle, machinery, and equipment maintenance and re-fueling will be carried out in such a way that spilled materials do not seep into the soil; (iii) oil traps will be provided for service areas and parking areas; (iv) fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 50 m from canals and channels and will be protected by temporary drainage bunds to contain spills.
Air quality Concentration of machinery D1 Short term Equipment will be maintained to Construction Contractors CC and working in one area, plus a high standard to ensure Cost – national haulage vehicle traffic, can result efficient running and fuel- Environmental safeguards in local areas of poor air quality. burning. High-horsepower Management officer equipment will be provided with Cost tail gas purifiers. All vehicle emissions will be in compliance with relevant Cambodian emission standards.
Dust Dust caused by earthmoving and D3 Short term Material stockpiles and concrete Construction Contractors CC and construction haulage traffic can mixing equipment will be Cost – national cause poor air quality and equipped with dust shrouds. For Environmental safeguards nuisance to householders and the construction sites, water Management officer farmers. spraying for the suppression of Cost dust and maintenance of driving surfaces will be standard site management practice. Vehicles carrying soil, sand, or other fine materials to and from the
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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues construction sites will be covered.
Noise impacts Noise caused by the D3 Short term Construction at night within 300 Construction Contractors CC and on sensitive concentration of machinery m of residences shall be strictly Cost – national receivers working in one area, plus prohibited. During daytime Environmental safeguards haulage vehicle traffic, can construction, the contractor will Management officer cause a range of impacts from ensure that: (i) sites for Cost nuisance to health problems. concrete-mixing plants and Noise near schools, medical similar activities will be located centers, and temples can disrupt at least 500 m away from normal services. residences and schools; and (ii) temporary anti-noise barriers will be installed to shield sensitive receptors within 50 m of the construction site.
Demolition Unauthorized or careless D1 Short term Any waste from the demolition Construction Contractors CC and waste storage and disposal of waste of structures will be either sold Cost – national can damage property, to building material recyclers or Environmental safeguards vegetation, agricultural land, and collected and transported to Management officer block natural drainage. official landfill sites. Metal parts Cost will be broken up and sold to scrap metal merchants. Any excess spoil will be made available to nearby communities for use as building pads and bunds.
Excavated Field canals are the sink for D3 Long term The sediment quality of spoil Construction Contactor IA channel spoil runoff and drainage from paddy from old channel clearing or contingency and CC fields and the bottom sediment deepening will need to be tested costs (if in canals may accumulate and assessed for contamination agricultural chemical residues. If before reuse in levee banks or pg. 19
Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues reused in the structure of disposal. The sediment testing disposal is embankments this contamination results will determine the required) will be exposed to farmers. requirements to ensure safe disposal or reuse.
Waste from The construction workforce will D1 Short term Contractors will provide Construction Contractors National workers generate domestic wastewater sufficient garbage bins at Cost – safeguards and garbage (food wastes, strategic locations and ensure Environmental officer kitchen wastes, paper, and other that they are (i) protected from Management solid waste including food-laden birds and vermin; (ii) emptied Cost wash water). Proper disposal of regularly (using the nearest this waste is essential. township licensed solid waste system and landfill); and (iii) are not left to overflow.
Erosion impacts Canal construction will require D2 Short term Erosion control will include: Construction Contractors CC and earthworks which will leave (i) limiting construction and Cost – national erodible surfaces especially in material handling during periods Environmental safeguards heavy rain periods. of rains and high winds; and Management officer (ii) stabilizing all cut slopes, Cost embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on. All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have ceased at the sites.
Flora and fauna Vegetation along overgrown D1 Medium Clearing of vegetation along Construction Contractor CC and canals have local biodiversity term canal embankments, levees and Cost – national and amenity value. Trees and road verges will be minimized to Environmental safeguards vegetation along the road in assist in stabilization and Management officer villages produce fruit and other retention of habitat values. Cost products, protect residences Trees marked for retention will from sun and wind and adjacent be protected and any removed agricultural land from dust and native trees will be replaced. run-off.
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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Impacts to local Although areas with significant D2 Short term Contractors will ensure that all Construction Contractors CC and cultural sites physical cultural resources are local cultural sites (including contingency national excluded by the selection small shrines and graves) will be costs safeguards criteria, there may still be sites or kept clear of construction officer item which are important at a material and protected from dust local or household level. and other disturbance. Access to these sites will not be impeded. After construction is finished any disturbed surroundings will be restored to pre-construction standards.
Community Construction work poses safety D2 Short term Community health and safety Construction Contractors CC and health and hazards and threats to livelihood will be safeguarded by: Planning Cost – national safety to both village communities and construction activities so as to Environmental safeguards farmers. Excavations, unstable minimize disturbances to Management officer slopes, loss of access and residents, utilities and services. Cost movements of large machinery Temporary land occupation will and vehicles all potentially be planned well ahead of impact on community safety and construction to minimize its day-to-day life. impact and after consultation with the affected community. Land will be reinstated to its original condition after construction. Implementing safety measures around the construction sites to protect the public, including warning signs to alert the public to potential safety hazards, barriers to prevent public access to construction sites and a watch person, where necessary.
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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Occupational Workers are subject to safety D2 Short term Measures to ensure Construction Contractors National health and hazards while operating and/or occupational health and safety Cost – safeguards safety moving around machinery, as will include: (i) contractors shall Environmental officer well as dust and noise impacts be required by the CC to ensure Management from extended exposures at the that their workers and other staff Cost work site. engaged in the proposed constructions are in a safe environment; and (ii) following the award of construction contracts, the successful contractors will prepare site environmental health and safety plan, for approval by the CC and PST. Contractors shall ensure that: (i) all reasonable steps are taken to protect any person on the site from health and safety risks; (ii) the construction site is a safe and healthy workplace; (iii) machineries and equipment are safe; (iv) adequate training or instruction for occupational health and safety is provided; (v) adequate supervision of safe work systems is implemented; and (vi) means of access to and egress from the site are without risk to health and safety. Operation Implementation The water extraction and D3 Long term Irrigation schemes to be Operations IA and CCs IA and of extraction distribution plan for irrigation operated strictly in concurrence cost and ESCC and drainage needs to be strictly implemented, with agreed extraction and capacity plans monitored, and controlled. irrigation plans which ensure building sustainability of supply. outputs supported by SSPs
Pesticide use Excessive nitrogen and D3 Long term Farmers will be trained in IPM to Costs under SSP and IA and phosphorus can contribute to reduce chemical use. Training project national ESCC eutrophication in water and risk will include safe handling, capacity pg. 22
Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues of oxygen depletion in application and disposal of building output safeguards waterbodies. Excessive nitrogen pesticides. and supported officer as ammonia can lead to gradual by SSPs acidification of soils. Organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates (the common pesticide types used) can lead to direct poisoning of farmers through misuse and unsafe handling. Organochlorines and organophosphates can enter the food chain and groundwater resources. Floods and Floods and extreme weather D4 Long term The project will promote the Directly funded Project ADB extreme events are prevalent in the rural enhancement of community under project output weather events districts of Cambodia, and will based DRR and disaster output and affect subproject areas. management programs at the supported by irrigation and drainage SSPs communes with particular reference to flooding and other natural disasters.
Conflict of This will occur between water D4 Long term It should be avoidable with Directly funded Project ADB water use and users of downstream and support of FWUG and under project Output sharing upstream in case of un- proper O&M manual. output and appropriate management and Educational program for supported by equitable share with water saving uses should be SSPs understanding. also provided. Hence concepts of water equitable share and effective management should be applied
ADB = Asian Development Bank; CC = commune council; CRVA = climate risk and vulnerability assessment; EMP = environmental management plan; ESCC = Environmental Safeguards and Climate Change Specialist (of PIC); IA = implementing agency; IPM = Integrated Pest Management; IWR = irrigation water requirement; m = meter; O&M = operation and maintenance; PST = provincial support team; SSP = special service provider. a There is a range of numbers used ranging from: D1 = little significance to D4 = significant impact. Source: PPTA team.
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ANNEX 1: CATEGORIZATION CHECKLIST