Safeguards Due Diligence Report

Project Number: 41435-013 January 2020 (Loan 3570/8331 and Grant 0542)

CAM: Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project – Additional Financing

ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION REPORT AND CODE OF CONDUCT For Irrigation Sub-Project in Kokaoh Commune, Russey District, Province

Prepared by: National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Secretariat for the Asian Development Bank.

This safeguards due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Secretariat

Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project - Additional Financing (TSSD-AF). ADB Loan: 3570-CAM (COL), ADF 0542-CAM (SF)

ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION REPORT AND CODE OF CONDUCT For Irrigation Sub-Project in Kokaoh Commune, Moung Russey District,

Funded by, And Royal Government of

Phnom Penh, January 2020 (Updated)

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of October 2019)

Currency unit – Cambodian Riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.000244 $1.00 = KR4,099

ABBREVIATION ADB Asian Development Bank AF Additional Financing CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan CARD Council for Agriculture and Rural Development CMAW Commune Mobile Access Worker CoC Code of Conduct D&S Consultant Design and Supervision Infrastructure Consultant EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESO Environment Safeguard Officer FDERP Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project GoC Government of Cambodia GPS Global Positioning System IA Implementing Agency IEE Initial Environmental Examination MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MoE Ministry of Environment NCS National Climate Change Specialist NES National Environment Specialist NR National Road NCDDS National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development pg. 2

Secretariat PDOE Provincial Department of Environment PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PDAFF Provincial Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry PST Provincial Support Team PIC Project Implementation Consultant PIU Project Implementation Unit PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RP Resettlement Plan RR Rural Road SPS ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

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TABLE OF CONTENT Abbreviation ...... 2 Table of Content ...... 4 List of Tables ...... 4 List of Figures ...... 4 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 II. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 6 2.1.Brief Description of Project ...... 6 2.2.Baseline Environment ...... 12 III. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING method and Category...... 13 IV. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 13 V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 14 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF CONDUCT ...... 14 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS ...... 14 VIII. CONCLUSION ...... 15 ANNEX 1: CATEGORIZATION CHECKLIST ...... 24 ANNEX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING ...... 29 ANNEX 3: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 33

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of Proposed Structures ...... 10 Table 2: Dry, Minimum and Maximum Rainfalls (millimetre) ...... 12 Table 3: Environmental Management Cost ...... 14 Table 4: Environmental Code of Conduct for Category C Subprojects ...... 16

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Kokoah-Talos Communes Irrigation Subproject ...... 8 Figure 2: Typical Cross Section of Kokoah-Talos Canal Subproject ...... 9 Figure 3: The existing Irrigation System in Kokoah Commune ...... 10 Figure 4: The existing Environmental Condition of Kokoah Subproject ...... 12 Figure 5: GRM System ...... 37

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ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION AND CODE OF CONDUCT SUB-PROJECT: KOKOAH – TALOAS REHABILITATION CANAL IN MOUNG RUSSEY DISTRICT, BATTAMBANG PROVINCE I. INTRODUCTION 1. The overall goal of the project is to assist the government to improve the management and governance of existing irrigation systems, increase agricultural production, and improve the productivity of subproject areas with the aim to increase the incomes of poor farmers. The project will focus on increased efficiency of irrigation systems and improved management of water resources in the uplands areas away from the Tonle Sap. 2. The impact of the overall project, which is aligned with the Cambodia Country Partnership Strategy 2014-2018, ADB’s Assessment, Strategy and Roadmap for the Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development Sector, and the government’s Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity, and Efficiency Phase III, will be improved livelihoods and resilience in target communes in seven provinces (Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Thom, Prey Veng, Siem Reap, and Tboung Khmum provinces) in the Tonle Sap Basin by 2023. The outcome of the overall project will be agricultural productivity increased, climate resilience strengthened, and access to markets improved in 271 communes in seven provinces in the Tonle Sap Basin. This will include improved rural infrastructure, improved agricultural support and rural financial services, increasing diversification of household economic activities, and the creation of on- and off-farm livelihood opportunities. 3. The project will focus on assisting communities establish livelihood improvement strategies for resource-poor farming households with assets that give them the potential to increase their farm based income. Outcomes will be measured on the basis of (i) average rice yields increasing to more than 3.5 t/ha; (ii) average rice yields of ID Poor households in target communes increased to minimum 3.0 t/ha for wet season rice production; (iii) diversified farming systems reduce share of household income from rice by 20%; (iv) marketed farm and off-farm products increased by 25%; and (v) awareness of climate smart agriculture and disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning increased. 4. The project has three major Outputs: i) Output 1: Rural productive infrastructure and livelihood improved with capacity in disaster risk management enhanced i. Rrural roads, small scale irrigation, and other production related infrastructure; ii. Support to new and old livelihood improvement groups (LIGs); and iii. Capacity building in disaster risk management ii) Output 2: Enabling environment for increased agricultural productivity, diversification and climate resilience created i. Value chain and agribusiness support; ii. Support to market improvement groups; and iii. ICT/Commune Mobile Access program iii) Output 3: Project management strengthened 5. Under Output 1 the project will invest in commune infrastructure development focusing on improvements in irrigation and village roads. Selected subprojects will be subjected to environmental screening procedure before the construction phase in order to identify environmental category following ADB SPS, 2009. 6. This Environmental Categorization Report and Environmental Code of Conduct (CoC) is prepared only for the Kokoah irrigation subproject and this CoC covers all phases of core sub- project implementation from preparation through commissioning and operation, and it aims to ensure the monitoring of environmental impacts and activation of environmental mitigation pg. 5 measures. Relevant parts of the CoC will be incorporated into the construction, operation, and management of each sub-project. Environmental protection measures will (i) avoid, and (ii) where avoidance is not possible, mitigate environmental impacts, and (iii) achieve compliance with national environmental regulations and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. 7. Environmental Monitoring Programs will be carried out and the results will be used to evaluate the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts and the performance of the environmental protection measures

II. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 2.1. Brief Description of Project 8. The Kokaoh tertiary canal is located in Tuol Prum Mouy, Toul Prum Pir village in Kokoah commune and Suosdei village in Taloas commune approximately 40km to Southeast of Battambang town (Figure 1). It was constructed by Khmer Rouge. Until 2017 a part of canal was rehabilitation 1.3 km length by people contribute fund in Kokaoh commune and other part is still the existing cannot functioning in both Kokaoh and Taloas communes. There are 450 household in 3 villages (2 villages in kokaoh commune and 1in Taloas commune) in Muong Russey district who used this canal approximate 740 ha (595ha in Kokaoh commune and 145 ha in Taloas commune) for wet season and 100ha for dry season. 9. The canal was rehabilitated 1.3km on a part of Kokoah commune use people fund contribute and some part is existing canal and new cannot irrigate enough water for expected command area. The canal (length 1.3km), was rehabilitated with laterite pavement on left embankment by WFP in 2017. 10. There is an existing pipe culverts at the beginning of canal and 1 existing pipe crossing at 0+244 (Figure 4). 11. Crops grown by local people include early wet season and wet season rain-fed rice. Early wet season is start end of April to mid of August and Wet season rain-fed rice is start mid of August to December. The Early season rice irrigation water rainfall and canal. 12. The Kokaoh tertiary canal affects lands owned by people from 3 neighboring villages: Tuol Prum Muoy, Tuol Prum Pir villages in Kokoah commune and Suosdei village in Taloas commune. In addition, the people use the canal embankment as a path to travel between the Kokoah commune and Taloas commune. 13. Chak reservoir is main resource of sub-project get water through main canal and secondary canal. The Chak revservoir have supplement water from Kanghot Dam crossing Sangke River. Early Wet and wet season potential of the sub-project is analyzed. The early wet- season cropping potential is quite limited in the subproject as the Chak reservoir not enough to supply water irrigation in the early wet season. 14. Kokaoh-Taloas site, communes reported that the total irrigation area of this sub-project is about 1232ha, covering three villages (two villages in the Kokaoh commune and one village in Taloas commune). Based on the topographic map, the total irrigation area of the sub-project is measured only at about 740 ha. 15. The rrehabilitation works for the tertiary canal will include: a. Excavation of the current channel surface to the level is 12.69m, canal width 2m, canal sıde slope 1:1.5, canal bed slope 0.0001 and use suitable material to form canal embankment to a level is 15.167m, embankment side slope 1:1.5 for the right and left embankment. b. Trimming the existing canal embankment including removal of vegetation and preparing the surface for placing of fill to achieve the required rehabilitated section, c. Excavation of the canal embankment and foundations at locations of new structures or as required to repair existing structures

pg. 6 d. Placing and compacting suitable fill material on top of the trimmed canal embankment surface according to the final design dimensions and specifications. e. Placing and compacting suitable backfill material in excavated areas and around completed structures according to specifications f. Depending on soil investigations and the final detailed design, placing a laterite or other wearing surface on top of the canal embankment suitable for the expected traffic type and volume and ensuring cross fall on the top surface of 2 % for adequate drainage, g. Placing topsoil surface on top of canal embankment side slopes and sodding the surface for erosion protection

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Figure 1: Location of Kokoah-Talos Communes Irrigation Subproject

Source: SSP6, 2019 pg. 8

Figure 2: Typical Cross Section of Kokoah-Talos Canal Subproject

Source: SSP6, 2019

2. The rehabilitation and construction of these structures will include: a. Stockpiling and storing materials for construction on site and preparing the formwork and steel according to the specifications and drawings. b. Mixing and placing concrete into the forms including sampling for strength testing vibration of concrete to ensure proper compaction, curing and finishing. c. Supply and installation of galvanized railing and permanent steel gates with lifting mechanisms according to the detailed design specifications. d. Supply and installation of slope protection with materials specified in detailed designs including geotextile, stone pitching, masonry or gabions, as required. e. Supply and installation of road markers and traffic posts around structures, as required. f. Supply and installation of water level gauges, permanent benchmarks and signs as specified in the detailed designs. g. Supply and installation of temporary office buildings for use by construction supervisor including provision of furniture, supplies and equipment as detailed in specifications

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Table 1: List of Proposed Structures

Scope of Length of Project Name Propose No Works Name Station Canals (m) (Line) Canal Canal 1 1 Earth Canal 2+900 2900 2900 Construction Sub- Intake 2 0+000 1 Project ( Structure Commune, Moung Pipe crossing Structures 3 3 0+246 1 Ruessei District, culvert Battambang 4 Pipe crossing 2+256 1 Province) culvert Note: CB: Concrete Bridge, CPC: Concrete Pipe Culvert, DS: Downstream, RE: Remove existing structure, Pr/Ch: Protection/Channeling, US: Upstream, LHS: Left Hand Side, RHS: Right Hand Side. Figure 3: The existing Irrigation System in Kokoah Commune

The structure and secondary canal crossing the main road

The Starting Point of Canal The existing alignment of Kokaoh tertiary canal

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The end section of Kokaoh Tertiary Canal Source: SSP6, 2019

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Figure 4: The existing Environmental Condition of Kokoah Subproject

Source: SSP6, 2019 2.2. Baseline Environment 16. Sensitive Area. No protected areas, rare or endangered species have been recorded for the subproject sites. 17. Rainfall. The monthly rainfall for the Kokoah subproject is shown in Table 2. This data shows that through the wet season (May to October), the crop water requirement could be largely met from rainfall in an average year. In dry years (80% exceedance is shown as a dry year) irrigation is necessary, particularly in view of the uncertainty of commencement of the wet season. Table 2: Dry, Minimum and Maximum Rainfalls (millimetre)

1985–2011 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average 4 24 49 97 141 131 157 189 227 239 66 6 1,329 Dry 80% 0 0 25 41 78 79 111 127 163 163 17 0 1,164 Dry 50% 0 13 48 76 135 123 155 181 218 232 34 1 1,340 Wet 20% 9 39 74 158 213 172 203 234 288 318 110 14 1,469 Max year 24 100 100 291 302 248 233 378 397 441 381 20 1,707 pg. 12

1985–2011 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Min year 0 0 11 20 24 42 27 77 86 105 0 0 1,062 Source: Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology, Battambang province, 2018. III. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING METHOD AND CATEGORY 18. The proposed irrigation subproject in Kokoah commune is subject to the standard environmental screening process using ADB’s Classification System called SPS 2009. In this SPS 2009 system, the project category is evaluated by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. The subprojects are classified in one of the following 3 Categories: a. Category A. A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required. b. Category B. A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required. c. Category C. A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed. 19. In order to categorize this subproject estimated impacts, the environmental specialist of SSP6 conducted: (i).transect walk through the proposed subproject work location and using environmental category check (EARF, 2017) – See Annex 1 - Categorization Checklist; (ii).consultation meeting with local authority and people who are living in Kokoah commune. Factors considered in the field and in desktop review included: the expected level and magnitude of impacts; effects on protected areas, critical habitats, natural habitats, and ecologically sensitive areas; and potential water use conflicts. 20. Based on site visit on subproject screening and public consultation with local people, the main impacts during construction will be (i) dust from earthworks in canal excavation; (ii) noise from excavation; (iii) safety hazards and disruption from the operation of machinery and haulage vehicles; (iv) loss of canal bank trees; and (v) spoil disposal. During operation of the irrigation area, the main issues will be (i) sustainability of water use (supply, demand, and water conflicts); and (ii) increase in agricultural chemical. ADB projects are assigned to an environment category depending on the significance of the potential environmental impacts and risks. Based on the result of Categorization Checklist and public consultation with local people, this project has been classified as Category C for environment because the impacts of this subproject is judged to be site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible. The environmental code of conduct is required which it will presents impacts, mitigation and monitoring measures, and responsible agency to implement. 21. Since the subproject involve the refurbishment of existing small-scale infrastructure, they do not require environmental impact assessment under government sub-decree No. 72 ANRK.BK. IV. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 22. Two public consultation meetings were held in 2019. First public meeting was done during site selection phase which is held on March 2019. Following to second public meeting is done on May 2019; combined social and environmental public meeting (See Annex 2 – List of Participants) which is 16 people joint the meeting. During the meeting, some topic has been discussed such as 1).brief the project information, 2). prepare the environmental impact map, 3). Identify the impacts due to project activity, and 3). Proposed the mitigation measure and 4).agree on the project implement. After the team has informed local people and authority about the possible impacts that could happen during construction, people agree on the project implement. pg. 13

23. The discussion in the meeting focused on the issues related the resettlement impacts, main environmental issue in the local area and concern on positive and negative impact of the proposed subproject. During the meeting, the commune leader informed that the proposed subproject is the old infrastructure, and the system could not drain sufficient water to irrigate paddy field. They hope and happy to with the proposed subproject. 24. The summary of the comments and concerns from local people and relevant local authority are described below: i) No water and no functioning secondary and tertiary irrigation canals to serve farmers ii) Technical practice for weed control, pest control with wrong decision of farmers in selecting chemicals without recommendation from agricultural extension workers are poor. iii) Limited farmer’s agro-technical knowledge in rice production and livestock production iv) Agro-technical training to farmers in place including rice and livestock is insufficient V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 25. During project implementation stage, a project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been developed in compliance with ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement to address the weaknesses in existing complaints systems and provide an easy and immediate complaint-and- response link between affected persons and the contractors/implementing agencies. GRM is detailed in Annex 3. VI. ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF CONDUCT 26. The matrix below summarizes the potential impacts of category “C” subprojects developed as part of the project. It also outlines corresponding mitigation measures designated to minimize those impacts. This code can be suitably adapted to particular subprojects and locations, it will be included in the bidding documents (See Table 4). VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS The costs of implementing the environmental management and impact mitigation measures listed in the CoC matrix (See Table 3) are included in the design costs, construction contracts and operational budgets. Table 3: Environmental Management Cost Rate Total Phases Unit Quantity (USD$) (USD$) I. Pre-Construction Phase - Preparation of Construction CoC No. 1 500 500 document - Compensation for loss of land and Under social budget property II. Construction Phase - Provide Environment, Health and Safety Training to workers/staff (including training No. 3 250 750 material, training place, snack, and professional of trainer fee) - Air pollution control (village roads+ borrow pits) especially during earthwork Day 80 10 800 duration - Noise Control to avoid noise disturbance Month 3.5 50 175 to sensitive receptor

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Rate Total Phases Unit Quantity (USD$) (USD$) - Hazardous Waste Management (install LS 1 200 200 oil spilling burden and oil trap - Solid Waste Management and Disposal LS 1 300 300 - Community Health and safety (install additional warning sign and/or safety LS 1 200 200 equipment for safety and healthy purpose) - Monthly Housekeeping for all camps and Month 3.5 100 350 construction - Loss of crops Under social budget - Compensation for loss of trees (replantation) (Planting and take care for 6 No. 5 50 250 month duration) III. Operation Phase - Management of Aquatic

Weeds(maintenance cost) - Hazardous Waste (collection drums in

villages) Total 3525 Note: EMP: Environmental Management Plan, CoC: Code of Conduct VIII. CONCLUSION 27. The majority of identified environmental impact is assessed as not significant impacts. It is concluded that this subproject is Category C for environment Safeguard. While the infrastructures subprojects planned for the Kokoah Irrigation have significant potentials benefits for rural populations of this commune. In addition, the design features, operational regimes and construction management safeguards will address the range of potential environmental impacts identify and will be active through the project environmental code of conduct (CoC) and continuously checked in the environmental monitoring program.

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Table 4: Environmental Code of Conduct for Category C Subprojects

Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Design and Pre-construction Subproject is Increased temperatures may D4 Long term Final design of subproject(s) will Design costs CC and IA and ADB impacted by lead to increased IWR affecting incorporate all relevant ESCC future climate irrigated cropping plans. recommendations of the CRVA change. Increased rainfall in wet season appropriate to the type of and intensity of rainfall events subproject. might damage infrastructure through flooding. Irrigation Proposed irrigation area needs D4 Ongoing Water allocations and drainage Design costs CC and IA and ADB extraction to be matched with water will be documented and and supported ESCC planning and availability so that (i) the water approved by the CC, IA, and by SSPs command area supply is sustainable; and (ii) ADB before procurement and management. taking water does not deny construction commences. water to users downstream. Where new irrigation areas not D2 Ongoing Key linked refuge vegetation, Design costs CC and IA previously farmed or long corridors and windbreaks should ESCC abandoned, regrowth scrubland be reserved and retained by the or forest which provide habitat extraction plan. for local wildlife may have Where natural regrowth occurred. vegetation is removed from a locality during construction, replacement planting will be undertaken. Incorporate The environmental measures in D3 At tendering Contract documents: Design costs CC and IA environmental this code of conduct need to be Preparation of the environment ESCC management given power so that they will be section in the terms of reference into contract carried out. for bidders for construction documents. contracts, and environmental contract clauses for contractors comprising the special conditions for the protection of the water, soil, and air environments. Construction

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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Site planning To ensure that environmental D3 Part of Prepare a construction site code Construction Contractors CC and matters are implemented construction of conduct (Construction CoC) Cost – national properly at each construction preparation which incorporates the relevant Environmental safeguards site. provisions of this Code of Management officer Conduct. The construction CoC Cost will also include an emergency preparedness and response plan for construction emergencies, site environmental health and safety plan, identification of sensitive receptors, and vegetation to be retained.

Construction Construction wastewater D1 Short term Construction wastewater will not Construction Contractors CC and wastewater discharged into waterways or be discharged directly onto the Cost – national agricultural land can spread surrounding soil or into surface Environmental safeguards contamination and sediments. water systems Management officer All wastewater to be passed Cost through silt traps or temporary sedimentation screens. Oil-containing wastewater will be intercepted, collected and transported to vehicle servicing area for treatment and disposal

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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Polluting Leakage or spills of fuels and D3 Long term To prevent pollution of soil and Construction Contractors CC and materials lubricants can contaminate soil, surface water/groundwater: Cost – national surface water, and groundwater. (i) storage facilities for fuels, oil, Environmental safeguards cement, and chemicals will be Management officer within secured areas on Cost impermeable surfaces, provided with bunds and cleanup installations; (ii) vehicle, machinery, and equipment maintenance and re-fueling will be carried out in such a way that spilled materials do not seep into the soil; (iii) oil traps will be provided for service areas and parking areas; (iv) fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 50 m from canals and channels and will be protected by temporary drainage bunds to contain spills.

Air quality Concentration of machinery D1 Short term Equipment will be maintained to Construction Contractors CC and working in one area, plus a high standard to ensure Cost – national haulage vehicle traffic, can result efficient running and fuel- Environmental safeguards in local areas of poor air quality. burning. High-horsepower Management officer equipment will be provided with Cost tail gas purifiers. All vehicle emissions will be in compliance with relevant Cambodian emission standards.

Dust Dust caused by earthmoving and D3 Short term Material stockpiles and concrete Construction Contractors CC and construction haulage traffic can mixing equipment will be Cost – national cause poor air quality and equipped with dust shrouds. For Environmental safeguards nuisance to householders and the construction sites, water Management officer farmers. spraying for the suppression of Cost dust and maintenance of driving surfaces will be standard site management practice. Vehicles carrying soil, sand, or other fine materials to and from the

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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues construction sites will be covered.

Noise impacts Noise caused by the D3 Short term Construction at night within 300 Construction Contractors CC and on sensitive concentration of machinery m of residences shall be strictly Cost – national receivers working in one area, plus prohibited. During daytime Environmental safeguards haulage vehicle traffic, can construction, the contractor will Management officer cause a range of impacts from ensure that: (i) sites for Cost nuisance to health problems. concrete-mixing plants and Noise near schools, medical similar activities will be located centers, and temples can disrupt at least 500 m away from normal services. residences and schools; and (ii) temporary anti-noise barriers will be installed to shield sensitive receptors within 50 m of the construction site.

Demolition Unauthorized or careless D1 Short term Any waste from the demolition Construction Contractors CC and waste storage and disposal of waste of structures will be either sold Cost – national can damage property, to building material recyclers or Environmental safeguards vegetation, agricultural land, and collected and transported to Management officer block natural drainage. official landfill sites. Metal parts Cost will be broken up and sold to scrap metal merchants. Any excess spoil will be made available to nearby communities for use as building pads and bunds.

Excavated Field canals are the sink for D3 Long term The sediment quality of spoil Construction Contactor IA channel spoil runoff and drainage from paddy from old channel clearing or contingency and CC fields and the bottom sediment deepening will need to be tested costs (if in canals may accumulate and assessed for contamination agricultural chemical residues. If before reuse in levee banks or pg. 19

Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues reused in the structure of disposal. The sediment testing disposal is embankments this contamination results will determine the required) will be exposed to farmers. requirements to ensure safe disposal or reuse.

Waste from The construction workforce will D1 Short term Contractors will provide Construction Contractors National workers generate domestic wastewater sufficient garbage bins at Cost – safeguards and garbage (food wastes, strategic locations and ensure Environmental officer kitchen wastes, paper, and other that they are (i) protected from Management solid waste including food-laden birds and vermin; (ii) emptied Cost wash water). Proper disposal of regularly (using the nearest this waste is essential. township licensed solid waste system and landfill); and (iii) are not left to overflow.

Erosion impacts Canal construction will require D2 Short term Erosion control will include: Construction Contractors CC and earthworks which will leave (i) limiting construction and Cost – national erodible surfaces especially in material handling during periods Environmental safeguards heavy rain periods. of rains and high winds; and Management officer (ii) stabilizing all cut slopes, Cost embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on. All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have ceased at the sites.

Flora and fauna Vegetation along overgrown D1 Medium Clearing of vegetation along Construction Contractor CC and canals have local biodiversity term canal embankments, levees and Cost – national and amenity value. Trees and road verges will be minimized to Environmental safeguards vegetation along the road in assist in stabilization and Management officer villages produce fruit and other retention of habitat values. Cost products, protect residences Trees marked for retention will from sun and wind and adjacent be protected and any removed agricultural land from dust and native trees will be replaced. run-off.

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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Impacts to local Although areas with significant D2 Short term Contractors will ensure that all Construction Contractors CC and cultural sites physical cultural resources are local cultural sites (including contingency national excluded by the selection small shrines and graves) will be costs safeguards criteria, there may still be sites or kept clear of construction officer item which are important at a material and protected from dust local or household level. and other disturbance. Access to these sites will not be impeded. After construction is finished any disturbed surroundings will be restored to pre-construction standards.

Community Construction work poses safety D2 Short term Community health and safety Construction Contractors CC and health and hazards and threats to livelihood will be safeguarded by: Planning Cost – national safety to both village communities and construction activities so as to Environmental safeguards farmers. Excavations, unstable minimize disturbances to Management officer slopes, loss of access and residents, utilities and services. Cost movements of large machinery Temporary land occupation will and vehicles all potentially be planned well ahead of impact on community safety and construction to minimize its day-to-day life. impact and after consultation with the affected community. Land will be reinstated to its original condition after construction. Implementing safety measures around the construction sites to protect the public, including warning signs to alert the public to potential safety hazards, barriers to prevent public access to construction sites and a watch person, where necessary.

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Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues Occupational Workers are subject to safety D2 Short term Measures to ensure Construction Contractors National health and hazards while operating and/or occupational health and safety Cost – safeguards safety moving around machinery, as will include: (i) contractors shall Environmental officer well as dust and noise impacts be required by the CC to ensure Management from extended exposures at the that their workers and other staff Cost work site. engaged in the proposed constructions are in a safe environment; and (ii) following the award of construction contracts, the successful contractors will prepare site environmental health and safety plan, for approval by the CC and PST. Contractors shall ensure that: (i) all reasonable steps are taken to protect any person on the site from health and safety risks; (ii) the construction site is a safe and healthy workplace; (iii) machineries and equipment are safe; (iv) adequate training or instruction for occupational health and safety is provided; (v) adequate supervision of safe work systems is implemented; and (vi) means of access to and egress from the site are without risk to health and safety. Operation Implementation The water extraction and D3 Long term Irrigation schemes to be Operations IA and CCs IA and of extraction distribution plan for irrigation operated strictly in concurrence cost and ESCC and drainage needs to be strictly implemented, with agreed extraction and capacity plans monitored, and controlled. irrigation plans which ensure building sustainability of supply. outputs supported by SSPs

Pesticide use Excessive nitrogen and D3 Long term Farmers will be trained in IPM to Costs under SSP and IA and phosphorus can contribute to reduce chemical use. Training project national ESCC eutrophication in water and risk will include safe handling, capacity pg. 22

Potential Nature of Impacts Significancea Duration Mitigation Measures and/or Costs Who Who Impacts and Safeguards Implements Supervises issues of oxygen depletion in application and disposal of building output safeguards waterbodies. Excessive nitrogen pesticides. and supported officer as ammonia can lead to gradual by SSPs acidification of soils. Organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates (the common pesticide types used) can lead to direct poisoning of farmers through misuse and unsafe handling. Organochlorines and organophosphates can enter the food chain and groundwater resources. Floods and Floods and extreme weather D4 Long term The project will promote the Directly funded Project ADB extreme events are prevalent in the rural enhancement of community under project output weather events districts of Cambodia, and will based DRR and disaster output and affect subproject areas. management programs at the supported by irrigation and drainage SSPs communes with particular reference to flooding and other natural disasters.

Conflict of This will occur between water D4 Long term  It should be avoidable with Directly funded Project ADB water use and users of downstream and support of FWUG and under project Output sharing upstream in case of un- proper O&M manual. output and appropriate management and  Educational program for supported by equitable share with water saving uses should be SSPs understanding. also provided. Hence concepts of water equitable share and effective management should be applied

ADB = Asian Development Bank; CC = commune council; CRVA = climate risk and vulnerability assessment; EMP = environmental management plan; ESCC = Environmental Safeguards and Climate Change Specialist (of PIC); IA = implementing agency; IPM = Integrated Pest Management; IWR = irrigation water requirement; m = meter; O&M = operation and maintenance; PST = provincial support team; SSP = special service provider. a There is a range of numbers used ranging from: D1 = little significance to D4 = significant impact. Source: PPTA team.

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ANNEX 1: CATEGORIZATION CHECKLIST

បមន ទ ប បក ច កប ន

ជន ខ បង ឃ/ ក

កង ក ខ ង ខកឃ

នគង បយបង ម កងឃក កង ខបង

ងទ . ទនគង ទនគង (Magnitude/Scale Questions) ន (Yes) មនន (No)

នគងបពន (Irrigation Subproject)  នគងបពន នបងបពគ ម? (បងប , គ Does the irrigation subproject involve construction or ម) rehabilitation of canals with a total length greater than 4 km?  នគង នងនកនងផ ចពព ( ច) ច ទ? Will the irrigation subproject increase the irrigated area by more than 500 ha?

នគងផ ថ (Road Subproject) នគងនបងផព គ មទ? (Is the road rehabilitation or realignment subproject longer than 5 km?)

នគងបកងបងទកព កនង ទ? (Will the proper drainage design of the road subproject require 10 or more culverts?)

ងទ . ផបប ន

ចក បនប «ន» ប ចន បន

កង ចន ច ប (Impact Questions) ទ?(ន/មន បងង បនយន ន) ? ទ? (ន/មនន) ទ ង នគង (Sub-project Siting)

ទងនគងចបនបមឈ មន ន - - បភទ «គ» នងពកងទងនគងទ?

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ចក បនប «ន» ប ចន បន

កង ចន ច ប (Impact Questions) ទ?(ន/មន បងង បនយន ន) ? ទ? (ន/មនន) Will the siting of the subproject cause the removal of native trees and shrubs

ទងនគងនងងនបយក ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» ខទ (មនទកជនន ង ) Is siting of the subproject likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

បបន (Potential Environmental

Impacts)

គងនងប (Will the subproject cause…)  នបបទកទផនកន ន ន ន បភទ ងនកក កងបយ យកនងន «គ» នង (Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways resulting in increased បយមន sediment in streams affected by increased soil នបង erosion at construction site?) ព គ .ម

 កខក/បពទក យទកនង ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» ចញពងង (Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and wastes from construction?)

 កនងនបពខ យង ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» ងនងបបបនគង (Increased air pollution due to subproject construction and operation?)

 នយង នង ញ យ ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» ងងនងបបបនគង (Noise and vibration due to subproject construction or operation?)

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ចក បនប «ន» ប ចន បន

កង ចន ច ប (Impact Questions) ទ?(ន/មន បងង បនយន ន) ? ទ? (ន/មនន)  បងង នង/បកបយក ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» (Generation of solid waste and/or hazardous waste?)

 បគម (use of chemicals?) ន ន ន បភទ «គ»  បងកងងពងង នងបប ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» (Generation of wastewater during construction or operation?)

នងបងន (From earthworks will there be)

 ធយ នងពកមពងង ( ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» construction dust and erosion)  បងទជកកងកមចចបជចមកង មន ន - - បភទ «គ» បន(loss of micro-habitat for local biodiversity)  កប/បងបពនកងបន (changes to local មន ន - - បភទ «គ» drainage)

កងធបង បចបពន នង ប (In the upgrade or establishment of an irrigation system, will there be  មននននពនបបភពទកកងបន មន ន - - បភទ «គ» (Unsustainable use of local water resources)  ជកងបទក (Water use conflicts) ន ន ន បភទ «គ» បងបយ ប , គ.ម  ប បធននទក (Cumulative ន ន ន បភទ «គ» impacts on limited water resource) បងបយ ប , គ.ម

ចងងផ បនបមយនង (For road construction will there be problems with)

 បនងបនន បភពទកផង (location (too close to residences / waterways))  បកងពងង ចយធ ង ន (construction impacts - dust, noise)

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ចក បនប «ន» ប ចន បន

កង ចន ច ប (Impact Questions) ទ?(ន/មន បងង បនយន ន) ? ទ? (ន/មនន)  បកងពបប យធ ន យង (operational impacts – dust, noise)

ចប ទកក កជ ន នងក ទក នងបពជ កនឈ ជ នងកកម នងច ប (For use, handling, transport, and storage of materials and inputs of seeds, seedlings, fertilizers and chemicals will there be)

 មននគបគងជ នងកកមនម ន ន ន បភទ «គ» នកនងប នងនងទក បង (application of chemicals and fertilizer not carefully បយ managed - increased volumes enter soil and water) , គ.ម

 នយង ធយ យ ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» បនងទកក (noise, dust, pollution from haulage, handling and storage of materials)

 យយ ក នងទក (Extensive ន មន ន ន បភទ «គ» residue of plastic mulch material in soil and water.)

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បពទ នពបន នងងមនបក ងបនគង

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ANNEX 2: MINUTE OF MEETING AND LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING

pg. 29 pg. 30

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ANNEX 3: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

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GRM Objectives Public grievances related to project construction may include damage to commune or private property, damage to vegetation, interruption of public services, dust emissions, noise, soil erosion, inappropriate disposal of waste materials, and safety for the general public and construction workers. Traditionally, complainants at the village level address their concerns to the village leader, commune leader or staff. The NCDD also has a complaints unit, but its focus is on land issues and resettlement rather than environmental concerns. Additionally, there are sanctions the 1996 Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management which can be sought by affected people or villages through the district offices of the MoE. The main weaknesses of these systems are: h. The lack of a specialized unit to address environmental grievances; and i. The lack of a specific timeframe for the redress of grievances. During project implementation stage, a project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been developed in compliance with ADB’s SPS (2009) requirement to address the weaknesses in existing complaints systems and provide an easy and immediate complaint-and-response link between affected persons and the contractors/implementing agencies. The project GRM is designed to achieve the following objectives: j. Provide channels of communication for local communities to raise concerns about environmental grievances which might result from the project; k. Prevent and mitigate adverse environmental impacts to communities caused by project construction and operation; l. Improve mutual trust and respect and promote productive relationships between the implementing agencies and local communities; and m. Build community acceptance of the project. The GRM is accessible to all members of the community, including women, youth, and poverty-stricken residents. Multiple points of entry are available, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, e-mail, and social media. E2. GRM System The NCDD and MAFF, as the EA of the TSSP-AF will establish the GRM. The setup shall be made before commencement of site works and have members from the NCDD, MAFF, PST, district authority and commune councils. Grievances can be filed in writing or verbally with any entry point of the GRM. The committee will have 14 days to respond with a resolution. The project environment safeguard officer (ESO) will oversee the implementation/observance of the mechanism and will be responsible for keeping the NCDD&MAFF informed. The Safeguards Focal Point at Provincial Level (PST-Safeguards Focal Point) will be responsible for ensuring GRM implementation at the sub-project level. The GRM will accommodate both informally and formally lodged eligible, grievances. Informally lodged grievances are those received by the contractor during construction. Formally lodged grievances are those received at District and Commune Council offices or direct to the PST. Commune Councils evaluate complaints for eligibility and then report to PST. The PST and ESO maintain record of all grievances, informally and formally lodged, eligible and ineligible. The ESO will inform the NCDD and MAFF, as necessary, and report on the observance/implementation of the GRM in line with the quarterly project progress reports and in the periodic Environmental Monitoring Report that will be submitted to the NCDD and MAFF. 1. Access to Mechanism Any person who has environmental issues pertaining to the subproject during construction and operation phases will have access to the mechanism free of charge. The implementing agency (NCDD & MAFF) has established a complaints unit which will act as a central recording and

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coordinating unit for all subprojects under the project. Each PST will consist of a Safeguard Focal Point (PST-Safeguard Focal Point). Each subproject commune council will ensure that the GRM is publicized locally so that the community is fully aware of the mechanism and the local points of entry to it. The setting up of the GRM in the implementing agency and its initial implementation through the commune councils is supported by the environmental consultant of the loan implementation consultancy services. When construction starts, a sign will be erected at each construction site providing the public with updated project information and summarizing the GRM process including details of the GRM entry points. The contact persons for different GRM entry points; commune councils, contractors, and operators of project facilities, will be identified prior to construction. The contact details for the entry points (e.g., phone numbers, addresses, e-mail addresses, etc.) will be publicly disseminated on information boards at construction sites and commune council noticeboards. The preferred action sequence for complaints handling is that the complaint should be investigated and resolved by the unit receiving the complaint. The complaints unit will maintain records of complaints and actions taken to correct them. This data will be included in the implementing agencies reports to the ADB. The complaints unit will establish a GRM tracking and documentation system. The system will include the following elements: n. Tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); o. Staff to update the database routinely; p. Systems with the capacity to analyze information so as to recognize grievance patterns, identify any systemic causes of grievances, promote transparency, publicize how complaints are being handled, and periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; q. Processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and r. Procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes in the periodic reports to the ADB. 2. GRM Steps and Timeframe The grievance redress mechanism process is described as bellow: Stage 1 – Contractors/Village Heads, Commune Council – One Week: If a concern arises during construction, the affected person will submit a written or oral complaint to the contractor/village heads/Commune Council directly. Whenever possible, the contractor/village heads/Commune Council will resolve the issue directly with the affected person. The contractor/village heads/Commune Council will give a clear reply within one week. If successful, the contractor/village heads/Commune Council will inform the complaints unit accordingly (See Appendix 2: GRM – Complaint Recording Form).

Stage 2 – District/Provincial Level (Project Supporting Team – PST) – 5 Working Days: If no appropriate solution can be found, the contractor/village heads/Commune Council should forward the complaint to the PST within 5 working days it may also submit a written or oral complaint to the PST. The PST will investigate and identify the solution and provide a clear reply for the complainant within 5 working days. The environment consultants of the loan implementation consultancy service will assist the PST in replying to the affected person. The PST will timely convey the complaint/grievance and suggested solution to the contractors/village heads/Commune Council or operators of facilities. The contractors during construction and the operators during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the complaints unit within 7 working days.

Stage 3 – Key Implementation Agency (NCDD & MAFF) – 10 Working Days. This level has 10 working days within which meets with the aggrieved party and tries to resolve the situation. Within 10 working days of submission of the grievance, the Key Implementation Agency (NCDD pg. 35

& MAFF) must make a written decision and submit copies to the PST, Contractor/Village Head/Commune Council and the APs. If the complaint still not be solved at this stage, the complaint may be brought to ADB, the following steps will be taken:

o Special Mission or Judicial System: the IA (NCDD & MAFF) will inform ADB to convene a special mission to attempt a resolution prior to use of the Cambodian judicial system;

o Accountability Mechanism of the ADB. In addition, APs may always contact the Complaints Receiving Officer of the ADB Through ADB Cambodia Residential Mission; 29 Suramarit Blvd. (St.268), Sangkat Chatomuk, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; (+855) 23 215 805; (+855) 23 215 807; www.adb.org/cambodia. During construction, the complaints unit will be informed by contractors and construction supervisors, commune council’s staff, if people complain about the project. During operation, the complaints unit will be advised of complaints by the commune council. The complaints unit will also inform the ADB project team and submit all relevant documents such as contact persons for the sub- project provided to affected persons and including the sign boards at construction sites, camps and each village that show the contact person information.

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Figure 5: GRM System

Grievances/complaints by APs, Groups or Institutions

Oral or written complaint Solution Found

Stage 2: District/Provincial Level (Provincial Support Stage 1: Contractor/Village Team – PST) Head/Commune Council Reporting Inform if solved; Forward if not solved

Complaints Unit under IA solved Forward if not not ifForward Reporting Inform solved; if Reporting Stage 3: Key Implementation Agency (IA) (NCDD & MAFF)

Record complaint, inform relevant stakeholders, including ADB

Investigation, consultation and coordination as appropriate Reporting

Solution found

Implement Solution

During During Construction Operation

Contractor Commune

ADB = Asian Development Bank; AP = affected person; CC = commune council; GRM = grievance redress mechanism; IA = implementing agency Contact Number 1. Mr. Han Sihip, Head of Provincial Support Team, 017 766 636 2. H.E Ny Kimsan, Project Manager, NCDD, 011 970 565 3. Asian Development Bank, Phnom Penh, tell: 023 215 805

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