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THE JAINA UNIVERSE By J. L. Jaini Memorial Series—Vol. IX. THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAlNAS Vol. XIII THE JAINA UNIVERSE By RAI BAHADUR J. L. JAINI, M.A. (Oxon), Bar-at-Law, some time Chief Justice, Indore High Court, and later President Legislative Assembly, Indore State, Author of Outlines of Jainism, Jaina Law, Jaina Gem Dictionary, and Editor and translator of Tattwartha-dhiguma Sutra, Gommatsara Jiva Kanda and Karma Kanda, Atmanushasana and Samayasara and founder and Editor of the Jaina Gazette. Published by Pandit Ajit Prasada, M.A., LL.B., Director, The Central Jaina Publishing House, Ajitashram, Lucknow (India) 1948 By the Publisher. This brochure by Mr. J. L. Jaini, is the result of a close study for years. The unthinkable vastness of the subject, the staggering complexity of calculations, and yet the concise, definite statement of size, age, complexion, bodily constitution and social organisation, prevailing in the Heavens above, would be found interesting to a research scholar. Mr. J. L. Jaini, revised this work for the last time on the 8th November, 1926, at Indore, where he was the President of the Legis­ lative Council. The delay of 22 years in its presentation to the public requires explanation. J. L. Jaini died suddenly in July 1927. By his will he left the whole of his estate to a Board of Trustees with directions to apply the income thereof for the propagation of Jaina Literature. Gommatsara Jiva Kanda and its companion volume Karma Kanda by Shri Nemichanclra Siddhanta Chakravarti were published with preface, exhaustive introductions, English translation and commentaries by J. L. Jaini himself in 1927, at a cost of Rs. 2,200/- and Rs. 1,500/- respectively paid by J. L. Jaini himself, as volumes of V and VI of the Sacred Books of the Jainas series. Purushartha Siddhyupaya with an introduction, translation and commentaries in English by my humble self was published in 1933 as volume IV of the Sacred Books of the Jainas, at a cost of Rs. 1,000/- paid by the Trustees of J. L. Jaini Memorial Trust. Atmanushasana and Samayasara by J. L. Jaini, Niyamsara by Uggar Sain of Rohtak, and Gommatsara Karma Kanda Part II by Brahmachari Sital Prasada and Pandit Ajit Prasada, and Pareeksha Mukham by Mr. S. C. Ghoshal were published respectively in 1928, 1930, 1931, 1937 and 1940 costing Rs. 750/-, 1,225/- 800/-, 2,000/- and 1,900/- respec­ tively, as volumes VII, VIII, IX, X and XI of the Sacred Books of the Jainas Series. The total cost of Volumes IV to XI paid by Mr. J. L. Jaini himself and by the Trustees after his death has come up to Rs. 11,375/-. World War conditions have unduly delayed the publication of the ‘Jaina Universe’. Ajitashram, Lucknow : AJIT PRASADA. Vir Samvat 2474=1948, • • i M s «% t • ■ ■ • - I | 1 • • • i •- ■ • ■ WRI 3. / TAe Map of the iLTuw&m ( Th* Three Worlds) Scale '~ v I sc+Le of Hell& .*- fjf » i*$ooi> Km*w4* / PLATE.1 Explanation of the Map of the Universe, Plate I. The Mobile Channel. SMnnMS, the square-sectioned rectangle, is the Mobile Channel. The map represents only a section of the Universe taken in the middle of its East to West side. In its North to South side, the Universe has an uniform thickness of 7 Rajus, i.e., the Universe has the form given in the Map, if we look at it facing its East to West side. If we look at it facing its North to South side, we face a uniform thickness of 7 Rajus. The Mobile Channel [Teas a Nali or Nadi) is that part of the Universe to which Mobile (Trasa) Souls are limited. That is, ordinarily, Mobile Souls are not found outside the Mobile Channel. This Channel is a square-sectioned-rectangle, its section being a square of one Raju, and it has a height which is generally given as 14 Rajus. In the Map S n has a length of 13 Rajus and 8,000 Yojanas only, because the lowest, the Seventh Earth, which is the Thule of Mobile Souls, is 8000 Yojanas thick. But the height is given as 14 Rajus, for easy memory or for the reason that the highest embodied souls in the highest Heavens have a visual knowledge, Avadhi Jnana, which extends down to 13 Rajus 8,000 Yojanas in the Mobile Channel and then to one Raju minus 8,000 Yojanas of Nigoda below it, thus making a total of 14 Rajus. The Abode of the Liberated. S S is the Sidha Shila or Kshetra or Abode of the Liberated. It is self-luminous with the light of Infinite, Pure Liberated Souls. It is the Home, Sweet Home, of the mundane, deluded soul. It is the only place which is absolutely wantless, imperfectionless, defectless, full of perfection and of all that can be desired. It is the only country from which no traveller ever returned. It may be asked. Why the absolute, pure, liberated Soul does not go beyond this or come down from it? The answer is: It is tlie free soul’s nature to move upward. Being freed from the weight of Karmic non-soul matter, there is nothing to bring it down. It also cannnot go beyond as the Beyond is all pure non-Univcrse Space (Aloka-Akashia)which contains no substances, including Dharma, the necessary medium of motion. Therefore the SOULS rest in pure soulhood in Siddha-Shild. S S is one Raju square, it is in the Sth earth; and it is 8 Tojanas thick. The Upper World. S M M S represents the Upper World or Celestial region. It consists of 16 Heavens, 9 Graiveyakas, 9 Anudishas, and 5 Anuttaras, with a total of 63 layers. The layers 1 to 52 represent the 16 Heavens. The spaci enclosed is a square of one Raju with a height of 6 Rajus. E E is the middle and the broadest part of the Upper World. It represents the top limit of the 16th Heaven. It is 5 Rajus broad. It is situated 3| Rajus below Siddha Shila, and 3j Rajus above the Middle World. “ E E represents the Space between the elbows of the headless man, standing akimbo with legs wide apart, which is the figure of the Universe as given in Jaina books. The 9 layers 53 to 61 arc the 9 Graivcyakas. The layer 62 represents the 9 Anudishas. The last layer 63 represents the 5 Anuttaras. Explanation 1 :—The dots in the breadth of the Mobile Channel represent the many vehicles, abodes or cars (Vimanaj of the Celestial beings. The Celestial region has no layers of Earth like the Abode of the Liberated, the Middle and Lower Worlds. Explanation 2 :—It is easy to understand the arrangement of the Upper World by remembering the following:— The upper world has in all 63 Patala, strata or layers. Each layer is co-extensive with the mobile channel (Trasa Nadi), which is a square of one Raju or W of the height of the whole Universe. In the centre of each Patala is the centre abode or car or Indraka Vimana. The Indraka Vimana of the first patala is a circle of a diameter of 45 lacs yojanas; then it goes on decreasing in size till it becomes a circle of one lac yojanas diameter in the sixty-third Patala. In the 4 Cardinal directions of these 63 patalas, there are other Vimanas. In the first patala there are 62 in each direction; in the second 61, and so on till in the sixty-second we have only 1 in each direction. In the sixty-third also there is only one. In the intermediate directions and all over the rest of the Patala, there are a great number of other Vimanas. The 16 heavens have 52 layers (patala) i.e., 31, 7, 4, 2, 1, 1 res­ pectively for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th pairs of heavens and 6 for the 7th and the 8th pairs. There are 9 for the 9 Graiveyakas. 1 for the 9 Anudisha. I for the 5 Anuttara. There are thus 63 layers ^patalaj in all. The Middle World. M M is the Middle World, with its innumerable rings of Continents and Oceans, with Mount Meru, in its Centre. iii It is 7 Rdjus below Siddha Shila and 7 Rajus above the Base or foot of the Universe. The Upper World begins immediately at one hair’s breadth height from Mount Meru, which is 99040 Yojanas high, 40 Yojanas of which are tapering to the top; and 1000 1 Yojanas of it are embedded in the Earth. Lavana Samudra, the Salt Ocean, has four huge Patalas or Reservoirs in the four Cardinal points. Each of these is 1 lac Yojanas deep. The surface of the Reservoirs is level with the lowest point of Meru on the Earth. Therefore the Middle World may be said to be 990404-100000 = 199040 Yojanas thick. The Lower World. M Ei Ej M is the first Earth. It is 180000 Yojanas thick. It has 3 parts. (1) Khara Bhaga or the crust part, 16000 Yojanas thick; (2) Panka Bhaga, clay or mud or soft part, 84000 Yojanas thick; and (3) Awahula Bhaga, or the lowest part 80000 Yojanas thick. H4 H4 is the first Hell one square Rdju of 78000 Yojanas thickness, with its 13 layers {Patalas'}. E2 E2 is the second Earth. It is 32000 Yojanas thick. H2 H2 is the second Hell, one square Rdju 30000 Yojanas thick with 11 layers. Es E3 is the third Earth, 28000 Yojanas thick* H3 H3 is the third Hell 26000 Yojanas thick with 9 layers.
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