John Bethune Carlyle, Professor of Latin, delivered the Alumni Association Address on "The Mission of the College Man in ." BULLETIN OF WAKE FOREST COLLEGE (midsummer number) NS Vol. VI, no. 2 July, 1911

John Bethune Carlyle 1858-1911

PROFESSOR CARLYLE WAS BORN AT ST. PAUL'S, ROBESON COUNTY, N. C., IN 1858 j HE PASSED INTO THE ETERNAL WORLD FROM THE COL­

fLEGE HOSPITAL AT 2:20 A. M., JULY 10, 1911. I, PREPARED FOR COLLEGE IN THE ACADEMY AT FAIRMONT, N. C., AND _.~ ENTERED WAKE FOREST COll.EGE THE FALL OF 1883, GRADUATING • MASTER OF ARTS IN 1887. .. TEACHER AT LUMBER BRIDGE, 1887-1888. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLW INSTRUCTION FOR ROBESON COUNTY,'1888, BUT RESIGNED BEFORE ENTERING UPON THE DUTIES OF THAT OFFICE TO ACCEPT A POSITION IN WAKE FOREST COLLEGE. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LANGUAGES, WAKE FOREST COll.EOE, 1888­ 1891. PROFESSOR OF LATIN J;.ANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, WAKE FOREST COL­ LEGE, 1891-1911. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE BAP­ TIST STATE CONVENTION, 1890-1891. TREASURER STUDENTS' AID. FUND, 1898-1908. FINANCIAL AGENT WAKE FOREST COLLEGE, SECUBING FUNDS FOR THE ERECTION OF TIlE · ALUMNI BUILDING, 1903-1905 j FOR THE COll.EOE HOSPITAL, 1905-1906 j FOR THE GENERAL ENDOWMENT OF THE COLLEGE, $117,798.56, 1907-1911. PRESIDENT NORTH CAROLINA TEACHERS' ASSEMBLY, 1904. PRESIDENT NORTH CAROLINA BAPTIST STATE CONVENTION, 1907 AND 1908. SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER AND DEACON WAKE FOREST BAPTIST .

PROFE ~S UH J. fi. CARLYLE, 1858-1911. Cv. lt l y~ e­

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See Wake Forest Student, Volume 31, pages 371-508.

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For Chapter

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Explanation of Symbols, P-Facts Secured From Primary Sources: 5-From Secondary Sources: Q-Quota From Primary Sources: QQ-Quota From Quota. Symbols Page

fh,q 1+ p~ / ~ OVER . Carlyle, Prof. John Bethune. "L". Born, 1859. Robeson County. He was graduated from Wake forest ~ollege and was from 1887 to 18YO Associate Pr~fessor of Latin and from 1a90 until his untimely death in 1911 he was full Professor of Latin.

·~nd wnat an inspiring teacner he wast Moreover he was deeply interested in pub­ lic affairs and often, as we recall, he shared witn his classes his insight into the meaning of current events. As a public speaker his personality cummanded attention and what he said provoked thought.

Apart from the class roem, he ma.de to the denomination two inportant contributions. For the year 1908 he was President of the Ccnvention, following

W.N.Jones of Raleigh and preceeding another layman, W.C.Dowd of Charlotte.

Probably an even greater contribution was his work in increasing the endowment of Wake Forest. And said his biographer: "His splendid life will ever live in the memory of his associates and the denomination throughout the State".

As a speaker he was a favorite among; tiLe students. and to this day we recall what he said to tnem upon the return of a victorious Debating Team. It was an honor to the team and a delight to the students • •, "With a bat and ball we often fall .", But in gas and brass we always pass".

We must record another great contribution. To the Churches and to the denomi­ nation he left two able sons. Irving E. has long bee n a J talw·SL't in his Church and a m0st useful Trustee of Wake Forest for some twenty five years. and is, in

1965, serving his fifth term as President of the Board. His brother, named after his eather, was a us~ful and beloved physician of note in Burlington until .he died in 1951, age 51 years.

See Wake Forest Student Feb. 1912, fur full account.

Minutes of Convention 1911 p. 75. I I

Biographical Dictionary of North American Classicists

Edited by Ward W. Briggs, Jr.

Prepared under the auspices of the American Philological Association

Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut. London CARLYLE, JOHN BETHUNE 85

. A Supplementary Hand-List ional prominence and to playa part in the history of his time. In this he is II'Tl"tUm (trans.), LCL (Cambridge comparable with Edward Everett and among the English with Sir George with H. H. King (Baton Cornewall Lewis and Gilbert Murray. said of him: "I , with H. H. King (Baton Rouge, would trust his judgment most of the time and his intentions always." . Mediaeval Rhetoric, ed. Anne DISSERTATION: "The Stage in the Greek Theatre" (yale, 1891); printed i81) 4-5; 1. M., "Harry Caplan as "The Greek Stage According to the Extant Dramas," TAPA 22 (1891) .981) 6-7; Editor, "Let us Now 5-80. ·uly 1981) 7; F. Solmsen, Gnomon PUBLICATIONS: "Vltruvius and the Greek Stage," U. Chicago Stud. Class. Phil. 1 (1895) 93-113; "The Chorus in the Later Greek Drama, Helen F. Nonh with Reference to the Stage Question" AlA n.s. 10 (1895) 287-325; "The Dramatic Synchoregia at Athens," AlP 17 (1896) 319-28; From Homer to Jacksonville, IL, to Stephen Reid Theocritus: A Manual of Greek Literature (New York, 1901); The Intro­ Grace Alexander, 20 July 1892. duction of Comedy into the City Dionysia (Chicago, 1903); "Chronological :I.D. Yale, 1891; study at Berlin, Studies in the Greek Tragic and Comic Poets," AlP 21 (1900) 38-61; lis Coil., 1911, U. Athens, 1937;; "Studies in Greek Agonistic Inscriptions," TAPA 31 (1900) 112-37; "The 931, Oxford, 1946; L.H.D. Har­ Roman Fragments of Athenian Comic Didascaliae," CP 1 (1906) 201-20; Coil., 1887-8; Lat. tutor "The 'More Ancient Dionysia'-at Athens-Thucydides ii.15," CP 2 19. and lit., 1892-1907; first mng. (1907) 25-43; "Epigraphica1 Problems in the History of Attic Comedy," .907-36; ed. LCL, 1914-50; pres. AlP 28 (1907) 179-99; "The Plot and Text of Menander's Epitrepontes," 10; Turnbull Lctr. Johns Hopkins, AlP 29 (1908) 410-31; Four Plays of Menander (Boston, 1910); Greek 1908-50; chrur, 1919-39; envoy Comedy, Columbia Lectures on Greek Literature (New York, 1912) . . to & Montenegro, 1920­ SOURCES: William M. Calder III, DAB Suppl. 4: 142-4 = Calder, ug. 1950, Princeton, NJ. Studies in the Modem History of Classical Scholarship, Antiqua 27 (Naples 1984) 43-46; G. H. Chase, AlA 55 (1951) 101; Louis E. Lord, "The . role in the history of American Chairmanship of Edward Capps," A History of the American School of until 1914, productive scholar, a Classical Studies at Athens 1882-1942: An Intercollegiate Project (Cam­ ities, that is, the ancient staging of bridge, 1947) 130-270; B. D. Meritt, TAPA 81 (1950) xiv-xv; NatCAB d the work of scholars like A. W. A:416-7; NYTimes (22 Aug. 1950); WhAm 3:136; Ulrich von Wilamowitz­ )ster. His edition of Menander Moellendorff, Menander Das Schiedsgericht (Epitrepontes) (Berlin, 1925~ source. According to Ulrich von repr. 1958) 8. :eted the newly discovered Epitre­ William M. Calder III prruse, with expertise and taste." successful scholar, rather than a : administration. Under his reign CARLYLE, John Bethune. Born: 29 Mar. 1859, St. Paul's, Robeson, ection and purchased the Athenian Co., NC, to Irvin & Annie Bethune C. Married: Dora Dunn. Education: Jarable only to that of the Roman M.A. Wake Forest, 1887. Prof Exp.: Elected supt. Public Instruction, dowment tenfold and was rightly RObeson Co., 1888 (did not serve); asst. prof. to prof. Lat., Wake Forest, ." Under his editorship American 1888-1911; pres. N.C. Teachers' Assembly, 1904; pres. N.C. Baptist ~ the English contributions. Com­ State Convention, 1907-8. Died: 10 July 1911, Wake Forest, NC. ipides! He was the last American .p with Woodrow Wilson, interna- 86 CARPENTER,RHYS CARP

J. B. Carlyle is remembered not only as a vital and engaging professor of 1932, he almost singlehandedly Latin, but also as an energetic financial agent of the College, an inspirer of a very early dating of the Greel his students, accomplished orator and political enthusiast. Among his stu­ now generally accepted 8th-centt dents were Hubert Poteat, Latinist at Wake Forest, and Harry Trantham, the Parthenon pediments broke J Latinist at Baylor. pedimental composition and the r on Homer expanded in various ' SOURCES: Biographical Sketches of John Bethune Carlyle: MemOrial new insights in the uses of myth Number of Wake Forest Student 35 (Feb. 1912) 371-508; Dictionary of geography. The years after his r North Carolina Biography; L. W. Fuqua, Dictionary of N. C. Biography 1 tive. All who were lucky enoug l (1979) 325-6; Robert C. Lawrence, Here in Carolina (Lumberton, NC, ber with intense enjoyment the s 1939) 113-7; idem, The State ofRobeson (Lumberton, NC, 1939) 161-6. nowledged no diSCiplinary bound, Robert W. Ulery, Jr. sacred cows of classical scholarsh

DISSERTATION: "The Ethics 0 CARPENTER, Rhys. Born: 5 Aug. 1889, Cotuit, MA, to William as Archives of Philosophy VII (Ne Henry, provost of Columbia U., & Anna Morgan Douglass C. Married: PUBLICATIONS: The Aesthetic B Eleanor Houston Hill, 23 Apr. 1918. Education: A.B. Columbia, 1908; Centuries B. C. (New Y or k, 1921 Ph.D" 1916; B.A. Oxford (Balliol Coli.) (Rhodes Scholar), 1911; M.A., AlA 25 (1921) 18-36; The Greeks 1914; Litt. D. Rutgers, 1941; study at ASCSA, 1912-3. Prof Exp.: Instr. Guide to the Excavations and Muse to prof. class. arch., Bryn Mawr, 1913-55; dir. ASCSA, 1927-32, 1946­ Nike Temple Parapet (Cambridge, 8; vis. prof. 1956-7; in charge of class., AAR, 1939-40; Sather prof., Praxiteles?," AJA 35 (1931) 249­ 1945. Died: 2 Jan. 1980, Devon, PA. ment of the Parthenon," Hesperia Archeology (Cambridge, 1933); " A poet in his youth, an aesthetician to the last, and always an ardent stu­ AlA 37 (1933) 8-29; "The Lost dent of Greek archeology and literature, Rhys Carpenter initiated great and Parthenon," Hesperia 2 (1933) 1­ originative changes in all the many fields of his interest by the very breadth (1935) 291-301; Corinth III. ii. of his view and the depth of his understanding. Happily ignoring dis­ Lower Town with A. Bon & A. W. ciplinary boundaries, he imported into classical purviews new methods and Alphabet Again," AJA 42 (1938) . showed the ways in which light from other sources could be focused on the (Bryn Mawr, 1940); Observations 0 1 dark corners of some particular field. Because of his extraordinary range ofthe American Academy in Rome, ] and creative comprehension he gave to every subject that he touched a Italy," AJA 49 (1945) 452-464; " stimulus toward new and productive growth. (1945) 353-57; Folk Tale, Fiction, (. During his year at the American School in Athens, following his Lectures 20 (Berkeley & Los Angel Rhodes Scholarship at Balliol, he began to find in the study of archaeology the Black Sea," AJA 52 (1948) 1-10; a way of seeing from the inside, as it were, the manx-sided genius of the 54 (1950) 177-83; "Tradition and Greeks. In his first archeological publication (1921) his induction of (1950) 323-36; "A Contribution to d general aesthetic principles from an examination of Greek scul?ture ar: Hesperia 20 (1951) 34-44; "The Pm architecture showed the kind of originality that was to charactenze all hIS AJA 58 (1954) 1-12; "A Trans-San work in a variety of fields. At this same time he entered the lists ag~in~t AlA 60 (1956) 231-42; "Houses B the stylish but improbable theory of dynamic symmetry as a characterIstIc "Phoenicians in the West," AJA 6' of Greek vases, wielding his weighty arguments of practicality ~d Critical Review (Chicago, 1960); Gre aesthetics with devastating effect. Returning to Bryn Mawr from Athens m tion of Style (Philadelphia, 1962); Art

John Bethune Carlyle, Professor of Latin, delivered the Alumni Association Address on "The Mission of the College Man in North Carolina." THE STATE OF ROBESON BY: Robert C. Lawrence

h?-Mr. Caldwell had t and GET IT DONE. ised it, and upon him :cr the material welfare in the erection of the JOHN BETHUNE CARLYLE ,as his interest confined rs. He was an earnest, "Let me live in a house by the side of the road e Man of Galilee, and And be a friend to man." Samuel Walter Foss. ~r:t ~",'ith his v:ife and n Lumberton. And in THESE two lines from Foss's great poem epitomize the lame is held in higher life and character of the man who wielded a greater influ­ ICaldwell. ence for good in North Carolina and throughout the ther, a good neighbor, world, than any other Robesonian-JOHN BETHUNE very presence radiated CARLYLE. r knew defeat. He was Among the Scotch emigres fleeing English oppression t, nor did I ever know after the was Alexander Carlyle, great­ of the distressed, the grandfather of John Bethune Carlyle, who settled in the orphan. Following the fertile fields along Ten Mile swamp in what is now Robe­ ervant of his fellows­ son county. Here was established the seat of the Carlyle . onward and upward family and here it remained. Here was born Elias Carlyle, . I I grandfather of John B., who died as recently as I88!. th even when passing j wife whom he adored Here also in 1821 was born Irvin Carlyle, father of John Ie to look up through B. He married Annie Bethune, and to them were born e." He questioned not the following children: the sunniness of his (a). Sarah M. Carlyle. Married Archibald ·Willis. Left disposition. Issue. ell allowed his servant (b). Eleanor J. Carlyle. Married Ebenezer J. Biggs. eritage to his children, Left issue. nd inspiration to all (c). Mary T. Carlyle. Married Jonathan Ratley. Left issue. ee a new Heaven and (d). Athesia B. Carlyle. Died unmarried. (e). Amantha B. Carlyle. Married Richard Humphrey. Left issue. [ 161 ] '\ t ., , I

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(f). John Bethune Carlyle. Born March 29th, 1859. he took the medal for, Subject of this sketch. he took the Greek med. (g). Dennis D. Carlyle. Died unmarried. salutatorian of his cla~ The Carlyles were once affluent and owned broad and any competitive task, I fertile acres along the Ten Mile, but large families di­ competitor. If a light \ vided their holding until the inheritance of the individual to work. His college r had dwindled. And to this should be added the havoc of young freshmen can ai the Civil war and the wreck and ruin of reconstruction. Leaving college he ta It is no wonder that when young Carlyle came along, his and was then elected a! father was having a hard struggle to provide for his large tion of Robeson count)' and growing family. A higher education for John B. was was elected as assistant not considered. He was destined for the farm, and in that Forest college. This ch age it was thought that a farmer needed no more educa­ tion than to be able to read and write. But after an when he was elected as accident in which young Carlyle and a runaway mule he held until his lame figured intimately, the health of the lad was frail and it 1888 until his death, was determined to give him some schooling. So to Ashpole passion of his life, and academy, at what is now Fairmont, he went, and there he ory will never. die. sat at the feet of the principal, Stinson Ivey, from whom John Bethune Carlyl. he received (as he told the writer) the inspiration for his is possible to express w: life's work. And he was held steady in that inspiration by this. The college had his younger brother Dennis. The nature of John B. was thinkers. B lit she neveIi rash and impulsive; that of his brother Dennis calm and college the practical al meditative. John B. never undertook any task after he Carlyle rendered. WhiJ reached maturity without first consulting Dennis. Stinson or pondered the depth Ivey is now remembered by few, and Dennis Carlyle by gunning for money or s even fewer, but their names are written-in the book of with bothI lifel They live on and on in the lives of the hundreds of He was not only a cal North Carolinians whose lives were moulded by John fessor of Latin, but for Bethune Carlyle. agent for the college. Fl • Borrowing the money, young Carlyle entered Wake lina, then suffering the 2 Forest college, from which he was graduated in 1887 from hundreds of peopl Master of Arts. Here he assimilated learning and oratory. lyle cajoled (that's the He represented his society both as debator and as orator: alumni building; mone) [ 162 ]

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)rn March 29th, 1859. he took the medal for oratory and that for the best essay; he took the Greek medal; he took the Latin medal; he was nmarried. salutatorian of his class. At midnight, when engaged in : and owned broad and any competitive task, he would look at the room of his , .I . but large families di­ competitor. If a light was shown there, Carlyle went back I f 'itance of the individual to work. His college record is a mark at which aspiring l be added the havoc of young freshmen can aim! ruin of reconstruction, Leaving college he taught for a year at Lumber Bridge, Carlyle came along, his and was then elected as superintendent of public instruc­ to provide for his large tion of Robeson county, but before he could take office he lcation for John B. was was elected as assistant professor of languages at \Vake or the farm, and in that Forest college. This chair he held from 1888 until 18g1, needed no more educa­ when he was elected as full professor of Latin. This chair nd write. But after an he held until his lamented death on July 10, Ig11. From e· and a runaway mule 1888 until his death, Wake Forest was the consuming the lad was £rail and it passion of his life, and within her classic shades his mem­ schooling. So to Ashpole ory will never.die. t, he went, and there he John Bethune Carlyle meant more to Wake Forest than tinson Ivey, from whom is possible to express within the limits of such a sketch as ') the inspiration for his this. The college had greater scholars; more profound 1 iy in that inspiration by thinkers. But she never had a man who could render the , nature of John B. was • I rother Dennis calm and college the practical and efficient service that Professor took any task after he Carlyle rendered. While others mul,led over the classics, lsulting Dennis. Stinson or pondered the depths of metaphysics, Carlyle was out and Dennis Carlyle by gunning for money or students. He always returned home Hitten-in the book of with both! ives of the hundreds of He was not only a capable and thoroughly efficient pro­ ere moulded by ] ohn fessor of Latin, but for many years he also served as fiscal agent for the college. From an impoverished North Caro­ Carlyle entered Wake lina, then suffering the after effects of the Cleveland panic, as graduated in 1887 £rom hundreds of people and in small gifts, Professor Car­ I learning and oratory. lyle cajoled (that's the proper word) money to build the debator and as orator; alumni building; money to build the college hospital; and [ 163 ]

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in years following his personal efforts added S125,000 to knew men and he also kn the endowment. Here is truly a great recordI edge for the advantage 0 But he rendered his greatest and most lasting service " Thile education was 11 as the encourager and inspirer of youth. Rarely did he fail ca tion. Had he adopted to preface his morning lecture with a short account of him will agree that he some act of heroism, some deed of kindness, some poem of senator. He inspiration. He begat in his students a restless desire to bture. I have known qui DO THINGS-to get out and hitch their wagon to the time, but none quite so stars. And many of them did. Therefore his memory is his lobbying was ever in green in the lives of hundreds of "Wake Forest alumni cause-prohibition, the scattered all over the world. It will continue to live in moral issue. their descendants, and they and their children even unto And he loved to address the third and fourth generation, will rise up to call him the people did love to h( blessed .. I cannot find the language wherewith to acknowl­ convention hall, and no edge my personal indebtedness to him. form the cry would go 1 Despite multitudinous duties pressing in upon him, he Carlyle." Nor did he ev( yet found time to serve as secretary of the board of educa­ occasion. tion; as treasurer of the students' aid fund (and he made In June, 1911, a wire fr many personal loans to needy students); as president of I31ack Mountain. The wf the State Teachers assembly; as president of the Baptist hands upon him. He kne\ State convention; as life long Sunday-school teacher and his will written. But his Ii church deacon. And he spoke frequently-in every county He had been promised a ! and in almost every town in North Carolina. On the side, but the money had not b he was an excellent man of business, an officer of the Bank letter and send a wire abou of Wake, and a director in the local cotton mill. He then sat dejected, nor He was one of the most compelling orators I have ever morning a wire came sayi heard.. He never needed preparation for a speech at any The sparkle came once mc time on any subject. Inform him what the subject was. ancy into his speech. and he was instantly ready. Men sat enthralled at the They took him home ani oratory of John B. Carlyle. hllilt, the peaceful end cam And he was the kindliest, the friendliest of men. He OYer to ca tch his last consa never forgot either a name or a face, and in my judgment ':; uiding hand rest upon its I. he had the largest personal acquaintance, and the largest finished, for the soul of a g personal following of any man in North Carolina. He [ 164]

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Ut r knew men and he also knew how to trade upon this knowl­ :fforts added $125,000 to edge for the advantage of the cause of his devotion. · t ~eat record! I and most lasting service While education was his vocation, politics was his avo­ youth. Rarely did he fail cation. Had he adopted a political career, all who knew q with a short account of him will agree that he could have been governor or • !t United States senator. He loved to lobby around the legis­ J f kindness, some poem of ! dents a restless desire to lature. I have known quite a few expert lobbyists in my litch their wagon to the time, but none quite so expert as Professor Carlyle. But rherefore his memory is his lobbying was ever in the interest of some worthwhile of Wake Forest alumni cause-prohibition, the public schools, or some great will continue to live in moral issue. their children even unto And he loved to address political conventions-and how will rise up to call him the people did love to hear himl But let him enter the convention hall, and no matter who occupied the plat­ ~e wherewith to acknowl­ :> him. form the cry would go up all over the hall, "Carlyle, Jressing in upon him, he Carlyle." Nor did he ever fail to fully live up to the ry of the board of educa­ occasion. In June, 1911, a wire from Professor Carlyle took me to , aid fund (and he made q :udents); as president of Black Mountain. The white plague had laid its dread president of the Baptist hands upon him. He knew the end was near; he wished mday-school teacher and his will written. But his life-long passion was still strong. iuently-in every county He had been promised a gift of $2,000 for Wake Forest, fl · ! th Carolina. On the side, but the money had not been paid. He had me write a ~ss, an officer of the Bank letter and send a wire about it. Then the will was written. Ical cotton mill. He then sat dejected, nor could I cheer him. But next :lling orators I have ever morning a wire came saying the $2,000 would be paid. tion for a speech at any The sparkle came once more into his eye; the old buoy­ n what the subject was, ancy into his speech. :n sat enthralled at the !hey took him home and there, in the hospital he had bUIlt, the peaceful end came July 10, 1911. His nurse bent friendliest of men. He ov~r. to catch his last conscious words: "Oh God, let thy tce, and in my judgment gu~dmg hand rest upon its leaders." But his prayer was not tintance:-and the largest fimshed, for the soul of a great Captain had passed to its in North Carolina. He [ 165 ]

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reward. He lived with Wake Forest upon his lips; and so he died. "Great souls pass on, and in the whelming sense of night We sit appalled." REVEREN Professor Cailyle married Miss Dora Dunn, of Lead· "1 hav ville, Tenn., and his elect widow still lives. His spirit also lives in two sons who bear right worthily the name of their distinguished sire: Irvin Carlyle of Winston, one of the NORTH CAROLINA ablest of younger North Carolina lawyers, destined for such as Vance and Ayeo the heights of his profession; and Dr. John Bethune, Jr., ers, such as Clarence Di of Burlington, well furnished physician. has produced great e Professor Carlyle was the uncle of Kenneth M., John Murphy, Calvin H. Wi T. and Dennis W. Biggs, and Mrs. Pearl McIntyre, all of produced great lawyers, Lumberton. He has a large number of relatives in the Ruffin and Clark. She h Saddletree section of Robeson. Josiah Turner, J. P. Ca Professor Carlyle loved the Odes of Horace, and in the sephus Daniels; gTeat pl­ thirtieth Ode will be found an epitaph fit for John and Paul Green. She ho Bethune Carlyle: such as Washington D "Non omnis moriar, multaque pars mei vitabit Cannon, John F. McN ~ Libitinam. Usque postera crescam ventors, such as Richard Laude recens." philanthropists such as J (I shall not altogether die; a great part of me will force North Carolina eve escape death.) preacher-arbiter of pu life. Shubal Stearns, countI1 (he Baptist Empire in No built such men as Georgt Marsh, of Granville; Jos Jordan, of Transylvania; An d on this foundation of Rcbesori.. His paternal grandpare Apsie Lowe H edgpeth; hi [ 166] . . -: .. - ..: ~

HUb-G INS COL-t.. Pe., ItS See Wake Forest Student, Volume 31, pages 371-508.

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