DOCSLIB.ORG

Variable Budbreak and Insect Folivory of Gambel Oak (Quercus Gambelii: Fagaceae) Author(S): Stanley H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Variable Budbreak and Insect Folivory of Gambel Oak (Quercus Gambelii: Fagaceae) Author(S): Stanley H Southwestern Association of Naturalists Variable Budbreak and Insect Folivory of Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii: Fagaceae) Author(s): Stanley H. Faeth and Robert F. Rooney, III Source: The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Mar., 1993), pp. 1-8 Published by: Southwestern Association of Naturalists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3671636 Accessed: 07/05/2010 20:37 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=swan. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Southwestern Association of Naturalists is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Southwestern Naturalist. http://www.jstor.org THE SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST 38(1):1-838(1): 1 -8 MARCH 1993 VARIABLE BUDBREAK AND INSECT FOLIVORY OF GAMBEL OAK (QUERCUS GAMBELH: FAGACEAE) STANLEY H. FAETH AND ROBERT F. ROONEY, III Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501 ABSTRACT-Budbreakof individualramets of clonal Gambeloak (Quercusgambelii: Fagaceae) was advancedexperimentally to test the effects of altered timing of budbreakand hence, leaf age, on patternsof folivory.Early-season folivory by leaf-chewinginsects was significantlygreater on younger leaves of controlramets than older leaves of experimentalramets. However, differences in cumulative folivory between control and experimentalramets disappearedby the end of the growing season. Colonization by three species of late-season leafminers was also unaffected by altered budbreak, indicatingthe impact of altered budbreakon folivoresis concentratedearly in the growing season. Analyses of nutritionaland allelochemicalcontent of experimentaland controlramets correspond to the patternsof folivory;leaves of experimentalramets were significantlyhigher in gallotannincontent than leaves of controlramets, but these differencesalso waned by the middle of the growing season. Our resultssuggest that variablebudbreak can alter degreeof folivoryon Gambeloak, but only early in the growing season.The evolutionaryimplications of, and constraintson, variationin budbreakin woody plants are discussed. Many folivorous insect species that feed on trition, and morphology (Haukioja et al., 1985; deciduous or semi-evergreen trees prefer and per- Tuomi et al., 1989). Despite the potential of vari- form better on younger leaves than old ones (e.g., able budbreak in altering folivore abundances on Feeny, 1970; Rockwood, 1974; Schweitzer, 1979; trees, relatively few studies of herbivore-plant in- Cates, 1980; Rauscher, 1981; Kraft and Denno, teractions have focused on this plant trait. Those 1982; Coley, 1980; Niemela and Haukioja, 1982; studies that have, have produced conflicting re- Niemela et al., 1982; Fowler and Lawton, 1984). sults. Feeny (1976) concluded that early or late As leaves age, they change in surface area, water flushing oaks harbor fewer insects than the pop- content, toughness, thickness, chemical compo- ulation in general. Defoliated branches of moun- sition and nutritional quality (Feeny, 1970; tain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) break Crawley, 1983; Raupp and Denno, 1983; Coley, bud later in the following year, and Tuomi et al. 1980; Faeth, 1985a). Therefore, the synchrony (1989) hypothesized that these branches should between budbreak of host trees and folivore emer- have less herbivory than branches that flush leaves gence from overwintering stages is critical to foli- earlier. Similarly, late breaking holly oaks (Quer- vore success. Insects that emerge too early may cus ilex) had less herbivory from the folivore Tor- starve (Futuyma and Wasserman, 1980; Hunter, trix viridana than early breaking trees (Du Merle, 1990), while insects that emerge too late may 1988). In contrast, experimentally retarded, encounter a suboptimal food source (Embree, younger foliage of Betula pubescens had more her- 1965; Feeny, 1970, 1976). bivory than older, control foliage (Fowler and Variation in timing of budbreak often occurs Lawton, 1984). Also, tropical plants with late, within populations of trees. For example, pedun- asynchronous leaf flush typically have higher rates culate oak (Quercus robur) trees vary in timing of herbivory (Rockwood, 1974; Lieberman and of budbreak by as much as two weeks within a Lieberman, 1984; Aide, 1988). given locality (Feeny, 1970). Because timing of We tested the influence of variable budbreak budbreak is at least partly determined by genetic on folivory by advancing the timing of budbreak factors (Kramer and Kozlowski, 1979), variation experimentally within clones of Gambel's oak in time of budbreak has been considered a plant (Quercus gambelii Nutt.). Since spring folivores defense against folivores, similar to other variable generally prefer and perform better on younger plant characteristics such as allelochemistry, nu- leaves than older leaves, presumably because of 2 The Southwestern Naturalist vol. 38. no. 1 TABLE 1-Budbreak phenology of experimental (E) Typical leaf flush of Gambel's oak at Aztec Peak and control (C) ramets. occurs in late April to early May. Most leaves remain on trees until late September to early November. No leaf flush occurred on the dur- Expo- Differ- secondary study genets the course of this Most leaves abscise Tree sure (E) (C) ence ing study. by mid-November, although some senesced leaves remain 1 N 16 April 30 April 14 days on the ramet until budbreak in the following spring. 1 S 16 April 30 April 14 days Gambel oak exists in clones (genets) composed of many 1 E 16 April 30 April 14 days individual shoots (ramets), connected to the same root 30 14 1 W 16 April April days system. By using clones, we could manipulate budbreak of adult trees in the while for 2 N 26 April 5 May 9 days field, controlling genetic treatment and control ramets in 2 S 30 April 5 May 5 days variability between to 2 E 26 April 5 May 9 days resistance folivory. To of Gambel's oak 2 W 26 April 5 May 9 days advance budbreak, four genets were selected on the basis of similar size (approxi- 3 N 30 15 May 15 days April mately 10 m in height and 10 m in diameter) and 3 S 30 15 May 15 days April exposure (level ground in full sunlight). All genets were 3 E 30 15 15 days April May apparently healthy and located within a 300-m radius. 3 W 30 15 15 days April May Clonal Gambel's oak in this area grows as large, dis- 4 N 26 April 12 May 16 days tinct genets composed of 10-50 ramets, which range 4 S 30 April 12 May 12 days from less than 1 m to over 10 m in height. Study genets 4 Eb were divided into four quadrants corresponding to the 4 W 26 April 12 May 16 days four cardinal compass points to account for variation in budbreak within clones due to different sun expo- a Mean difference in budbreak between experiment sure. One experimental and one control ramet were (E) and control (C) ramets = 12.8 ? 3.28 days. selected from the pool of ramets within quad- b Ramet 4EX was snow on 17 randomly destroyed by April, rants of 1.5-3 m in and not more 1988. approximately height than 2 m from the outermost ramets, giving a total of 16 control and 16 experimental ramets. lower amounts of allelochemicals and degree of On 29 March 1988, all experimental ramets were and amounts of nutrients (Feeny, toughness higher enclosed in 1 m x 2 m bags of 2.5 mm thick polyeth- we that older leaves 1970), predicted produced ylene to increase temperatures sufficiently to induce leaf flush should have lower rates of by early early budbreak. All enclosed and control ramets were folivory than control (normal budbreak) leaves. inspected twice weekly for time of budbreak. Bags were We monitored nutrition (protein) and allelo- removed from experimental ramets when the control chemistry (tannins) to determine phytochemical ramet from paired controls broke bud, so that exposure differences between advanced and control leaves time to folivores was equivalent on experimental and control ramets. The ramets broke bud an that might explain any differences in folivory. experimental of 12.8 earlier than the control We also examined the distribution of late-season average (+3.28) days ramets (Table 1). Some frost damage was recorded on leaf-mining insects to determine whether differ the experimental ramets of Trees 1 and 2 on 12 May, ences in the advanced leaves and experimental resulting in the loss of some leaves. A late snowstorm the control leaves for late-season younger persist on 17 April resulted in the loss of ramet 4EX due to folivores. breakage caused by accumulation of snow on the bag. Ramet 4EX was therefore treated as a missing value MATERIALS AND METHODS-Experiments and ob- in all statistical analyses. The frost damage to Trees 1 servations were conducted on clones of Gambel oak and 2 was ignored since loss of leaves was minimal. (Quercus gambelii) at Aztec Peak (2,225 m elevation), Leaves were scored for leaf-chewing insect damage Tonto National Forest, Gila County, Arizona, from on 29 May, 7 July, and 5 August 1988.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Clonality and Dynamics of Leaf Abscission of Gambel Oaks at Small Spatial Scales in Utah
    For. Sci. 61(●):000–000 FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-204 Copyright © 2015 Society of American Foresters forest ecology Clonality and Dynamics of Leaf Abscission of Gambel Oaks at Small Spatial Scales in Utah Jacob W. Chalmers, Karen E. Mock, Kevin D. Kohl, Katelin J. Madsen, and Nalini M. Nadkarni The Intermountain West of the United States supports a mosaic of Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii Nutt.) clumps interspersed with grassland. Both the tree and shrub forms of Gambel oak are typically found in distinct clumps that have often been presumed to be single clones, although quantitative evidence to support this is minimal. We examined the patterns of clonality within and between oak clumps and explored the variance in phenology of leaf abscission within and among clones and clumps in a study site in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah, USA. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, we genotyped multiple stems within 10 clumps of Gambel oaks in Red Butte Canyon. Nine of the 10 clumps were monoclonal (each a single distinct genet). The 10th clump was composed of 2 genets. To characterize the genetic influence on leaf abscission phenology, we compared the timing of abscission of individually marked leaves among genets, ramets, and branches. Of these three levels of organization, genet membership had the greatest influence on timing of leaf abscission, and branch membership had the smallest influence. Our results suggest that clonal diversity may be an important metric of phenotypic and ecological diversity in Gambel oak landscapes. Keywords: genet, ramet, abscission, Gambel oak lant communities often comprise genetic mosaics at multiple trait variances are partitioned among genets (clones) versus ramets spatial scales because species in the communities reproduce (stems).
    [Show full text]
  • The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
    The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico
    [Show full text]
  • Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist
    Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist Prepared by J.A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. For a description of the Big Creek Lepidoptera Survey, see Powell, J.A. Big Creek Reserve Lepidoptera Survey: Recovery of Populations after the 1985 Rat Creek Fire. In Views of a Coastal Wilderness: 20 Years of Research at Big Creek Reserve. (copies available at the reserve). family genus species subspecies author Acrolepiidae Acrolepiopsis californica Gaedicke Adelidae Adela flammeusella Chambers Adelidae Adela punctiferella Walsingham Adelidae Adela septentrionella Walsingham Adelidae Adela trigrapha Zeller Alucitidae Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus Arctiidae Apantesis ornata (Packard) Arctiidae Apantesis proxima (Guerin-Meneville) Arctiidae Arachnis picta Packard Arctiidae Cisthene deserta (Felder) Arctiidae Cisthene faustinula (Boisduval) Arctiidae Cisthene liberomacula (Dyar) Arctiidae Gnophaela latipennis (Boisduval) Arctiidae Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) Arctiidae Lophocampa maculata Harris Arctiidae Lycomorpha grotei (Packard) Arctiidae Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval) Arctiidae Spilosoma vestalis Packard Argyresthiidae Argyresthia cupressella Walsingham Argyresthiidae Argyresthia franciscella Busck Argyresthiidae Argyresthia sp. (gray) Blastobasidae ?genus Blastobasidae Blastobasis ?glandulella (Riley) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.1) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.2) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.3) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.4) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.5) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.6) Blastobasidae Holcocera gigantella (Chambers) Blastobasidae
    [Show full text]
  • 2017, Jones Road, Near Blackhawk, RAIN (Photo: Michael Dawber)
    Edited and Compiled by Rick Cavasin and Jessica E. Linton Toronto Entomologists’ Association Occasional Publication # 48-2018 European Skippers mudpuddling, July 6, 2017, Jones Road, near Blackhawk, RAIN (Photo: Michael Dawber) Dusted Skipper, April 20, 2017, Ipperwash Beach, LAMB American Snout, August 6, 2017, (Photo: Bob Yukich) Dunes Beach, PRIN (Photo: David Kaposi) ISBN: 978-0-921631-53-7 Ontario Lepidoptera 2017 Edited and Compiled by Rick Cavasin and Jessica E. Linton April 2018 Published by the Toronto Entomologists’ Association Toronto, Ontario Production by Jessica Linton TORONTO ENTOMOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION Board of Directors: (TEA) Antonia Guidotti: R.O.M. Representative Programs Coordinator The TEA is a non-profit educational and scientific Carolyn King: O.N. Representative organization formed to promote interest in insects, to Publicity Coordinator encourage cooperation among amateur and professional Steve LaForest: Field Trips Coordinator entomologists, to educate and inform non-entomologists about insects, entomology and related fields, to aid in the ONTARIO LEPIDOPTERA preservation of insects and their habitats and to issue Published annually by the Toronto Entomologists’ publications in support of these objectives. Association. The TEA is a registered charity (#1069095-21); all Ontario Lepidoptera 2017 donations are tax creditable. Publication date: April 2018 ISBN: 978-0-921631-53-7 Membership Information: Copyright © TEA for Authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be Annual dues: reproduced or used without written permission. Individual-$30 Student-free (Association finances permitting – Information on submitting records, notes and articles to beyond that, a charge of $20 will apply) Ontario Lepidoptera can be obtained by contacting: Family-$35 Jessica E.
    [Show full text]
  • Oaks for Nebraska Justin R
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Statewide Arboretum Publications Nebraska Statewide Arboretum 2013 Oaks for Nebraska Justin R. Evertson University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/arboretumpubs Part of the Botany Commons, and the Forest Biology Commons Evertson, Justin R., "Oaks for Nebraska" (2013). Nebraska Statewide Arboretum Publications. 1. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/arboretumpubs/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Statewide Arboretum at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Statewide Arboretum Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Oaks for Nebraska Justin Evertson, Nebraska Statewide Arboretum arboretum.unl.edu or retreenebraska.unl.edu R = belongs to red oak group—acorns mature over two seasons & leaves typically have pointed lobes. W = belongs to white oak group— acorns mature in one season & leaves typically have rounded lobes. Estimated size range is height x spread for trees growing in eastern Nebraska. A few places to see oaks: Indian Dwarf chinkapin oak, Quercus Cave State Park; Krumme Arboretum Blackjack oak, Quercus prinoides (W) in Falls City; Peru State College; marilandica (R) Variable habit from shrubby to Fontenelle Nature Center in Bellevue; Shorter and slower growing than tree form; prolific acorn producer; Elmwood Park in Omaha; Wayne most oaks with distinctive tri- can have nice yellow fall color; Park in Waverly; University of lobed leaves; can take on a very national champion grows near Nebraska Lincoln; Lincoln Regional natural look with age; tough and Salem Nebraska; 10-25’x 10-20’.
    [Show full text]
  • TREES for WESTERN NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson
    THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS TREES FOR WESTERN NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson. For more plant information, visit plantnebraska.org or retreenbraska.unl.edu The following species are recommended for areas in the western half of Nebraska and/or typically receive less than 20” of moisture per year. Size Range: The size range indicated for each plant is the expected average mature height x spread for Nebraska. Large Deciduous Trees (typically over 40 feet tall at maturity) NOTE ON ASH SPECIES: Native American ash trees are being decimated by Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) and the insect is now in Nebraska. NSA recommends that native ash species no longer be planted in Nebraska. 1. Ash, Manchurian - Fraxinus mandshurica (from Asia; upright growth; drought tolerant; may be resistant to EAB; 40’x 30’) 2. Catalpa, Northern - Catalpa speciosa (native; tough tree; large, heart-shaped leaves, showy flowers and long seed pods; 50’x 35’) 3. Coffeetree, Kentucky - Gymnocladus dioicus (native; amazingly adaptable; beautiful winter form; 50’x 40’) 4. Cottonwood, Eastern - Populus deltoides (majestic native; not for extremely dry sites; avoid most cultivars; 80’x 60’) 5. Cottonwood, Lanceleaf - Populus acuminata (native; naturally occurring hybrid; narrow leaves; for west. G.P.; 50’x 35’) 6. Elm, American - Ulums americana (disease resistant varieties include ‘Valley Forge’ and ‘New Harmony’; 50’x50’) 7. Elm, Japanese - Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (cold tolerant; rounded; glossy green; ‘Discovery’ is a cultivar from Manitoba Canada; 45’x 45’) 8. Elm, Rock - Ulmus thomasii (distinctive corky stems; upright habit; DED resistance in west; 50-60’x 30-40’) New Elm, Hybrids - many disease resistant hybrid elms have been developed and show promise, including: 9.
    [Show full text]
  • 25. Utah Serviceberry-Saskatoon Serviceberry Ecological Series
    G. NON-RIPARIAN TALL SHRUBLANDS (SA) 25. Utah Serviceberry-Saskatoon Serviceberry Ecological Series Table 25-1. Full and short names for the ecological types in the Utah-Saskatoon Serviceberry Ecological Series. Ecological Type Plant Association Code Name Code Short Name Utah serviceberry/dryland sedge-sun sedge–Deep Utah serviceberry/sedge– SA1 Argiborolls–Leeward upper backslopes and shoulders, AMUT/CAGE-CAPEH Dark clay soils–Leeward < 9,100 ft Utah serviceberry-mountain-mahogany/dryland sedge-sun Utah serviceberry-mountain- AMUT-CEMO2/ SA2 sedge–Argiborolls–Protected colluvial backslopes and mahogany/sedge–Dark clay CAGE-CAPEH shoulders, < 8,700 ft soils–Protected Serviceberry-Gambel oak/Sedge–Deep Argiborolls, little AMELA-QUGA/ Serviceberry-oak–Dark clay SA3 coarse on surface–Lees or other protected slopes, CAREX soils–Protected 7,600 - 8,600 ft Serviceberry/green needlegrass-spike-fescue–Deep Serviceberry/green SA4 Argiborolls, sometimes Pachic–Lee sides of ridges and AMELA/NAVI4-LEKI2 needlegrass–Deep clay soils– mesas, 8,000-9,300 ft Lees Saskatoon serviceberry/elk sedge–Deep Argiborolls and Argic Saskatoon serviceberry/elk SA5 Cryoborolls, often Pachic–Lee slopes on ridges and mesas, AMAL2/CAGE2 sedge–Deep dark soils–Lees 8,500-9,900 ft Saskatoon serviceberry/Thurber fescue–Deep Argic Serviceberry/Thurber fescue– SA6 Cryoborolls, loam surface–subalpine slopes, AMAL2/FETH Deep dark cold loamy soils– 8,700-10,000 ft Subalpine The Amelanchier utahensis-Amelanchier includes part of the Mountain Mahogany-Mixed alnifolia series is described as new here, based on Shrub series of Dick-Peddie (1993), but it is not the the Amelanchier alnifolia series of Komárková same as the eastern slope Cercocarpus montanus (1986-1988) and on the Quercus gambelii series of series of Hess (1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Communities of Gambel Oak: a Descriptive Analysis
    United States Department of Agriculture Bird Communities Forest Service Rocky Mountain of Gambel Oak: A Research Station General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-48 Descriptive Analysis March 2000 Andreas Leidolf Michael L. Wolfe Rosemary L. Pendleton Abstract Leidolf, Andreas; Wolfe, Michael L.; Pendleton, Rosemary L. 2000. Bird communities of gambel oak: a descriptive analysis. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-48. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 30 p. Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii Nutt.) covers 3.75 million hectares (9.3 million acres) of the western United States. This report synthesizes current knowledge on the composition, structure, and habitat relationships of gambel oak avian communities. It lists life history attributes of 183 bird species documented from gambel oak habitats of the western United States. Structural habitat attributes important to bird-habitat relationships are identified, based on 12 independent studies. This report also highlights species of special concern, provides recommendations for monitoring, and gives suggestions for management and future research. Keywords: Avian ecology, bird-habitat relationships, neotropical migrant, oakbrush, oak woodlands, scrub oak, Quercus gambelii, Western United States The Authors ______________________________________ Andreas Leidolf is a Graduate Research Assistant in the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Utah State University (USU). He received a B.S. degree in Forestry/Wildlife Management from Mississippi State University in 1995. He is currently completing his M.S. degree in Fisheries and Wildlife ecology at USU. Michael L. Wolfe is a Professor in the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at USU. He received a B.S. degree in Wildlife Management at Cornell University in 1963 and his doctorate in Forestry/Wildlife Management at the University of Göttingen, Germany, in 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Texas Lepidoptera Knudson & Bordelon, Jan 2018 Texas Lepidoptera Survey
    1 Checklist of Texas Lepidoptera Knudson & Bordelon, Jan 2018 Texas Lepidoptera Survey ERIOCRANIOIDEA TISCHERIOIDEA ERIOCRANIIDAE TISCHERIIDAE Dyseriocrania griseocapitella (Wlsm.) Eriocraniella mediabulla Davis Coptotriche citripennella (Clem.) Eriocraniella platyptera Davis Coptotriche concolor (Zell.) Coptotriche purinosella (Cham.) Coptotriche clemensella (Cham). Coptotriche sulphurea (F&B) NEPTICULOIDEA Coptotriche zelleriella (Clem.) Tischeria quercitella Clem. NEPTICULIDAE Coptotriche malifoliella (Clem.) Coptotriche crataegifoliae (Braun) Ectoedemia platanella (Clem.) Coptotriche roseticola (F&B) Ectoedemia rubifoliella (Clem.) Coptotriche aenea (F&B) Ectoedemia ulmella (Braun) Asterotriche solidaginifoliella (Clem.) Ectoedemia obrutella (Zell.) Asterotriche heliopsisella (Cham.) Ectoedemia grandisella (Cham.) Asterotriche ambrosiaeella (Cham.) Nepticula macrocarpae Free. Asterotriche helianthi (F&B) Stigmella scintillans (Braun) Asterotriche heteroterae (F&B) Stigmella rhoifoliella (Braun) Asterotriche longeciliata (F&B) Stigmella rhamnicola (Braun) Asterotriche omissa (Braun) Stigmella villosella (Clem.) Asterotriche pulvella (Cham.) Stigmella apicialbella (Cham.) Stigmella populetorum (F&B) Stigmella saginella (Clem.) INCURVARIOIDEA Stigmella nigriverticella (Cham.) Stigmella flavipedella (Braun) PRODOXIDAE Stigmella ostryaefoliella (Clem.) Stigmella myricafoliella (Busck) Tegeticula yuccasella (Riley) Stigmella juglandifoliella (Clem.) Tegeticula baccatella Pellmyr Stigmella unifasciella (Cham.) Tegeticula carnerosanella Pellmyr
    [Show full text]
  • Quercus (Fagaceae) in the Utah Flora
    Great Basin Naturalist Volume 46 Number 1 Article 7 1-31-1986 Quercus (Fagaceae) in the Utah flora Stanley L. Welsh Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Welsh, Stanley L. (1986) "Quercus (Fagaceae) in the Utah flora," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 46 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol46/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. — QUERCUS (FAGACEAE) IN THE UTAH FLORA Stanley L. Welsh' Abstract —Reviewed are the oak taxa as they are presently understood in Utah. Keys and descriptions are included, occurrences are cited, and problems of hybridization are discussed. Named as new varieties from Utah are Qticrcus gambelii Nutt. var. honina Welsh and Qucrcus havardii Rydb. var. tuckeri Welsh. Both varieties occur in southeastern Utah. Qttercus eastwoodicie Rydb. is proposed as a hybrid. The native oaks have been a source of con- ella Greene, and Q. havardii Rydb. Within fusion ahnost from the beginning of botanical those complexes the species concepts are mostly exploration, and a huge bibliography has ac- clear and unarguable, but they have no really cumulated dealing with the oaks of Utah and apparent barriers to hybridization, and interme- the West (Harper et al. 1985). Collection of diates are known between nearly all of them, the materials serving in typification of the ear- The following taxonomic treatment is based liest known portion of the complex of species on the examination of more than 300 specimens existing in Utah confounded interpretation "i Utah herbaria and more than three decades of from the beginning.
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks
    Article An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus): Review of the Contribution of Phylogenomic Data to Biogeography and Species Diversity Paul S. Manos 1,* and Andrew L. Hipp 2 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, 330 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708, USA 2 The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, 4100 Illinois 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the Citation: Manos, P.S.; Hipp, A.L. An Quercus Updated Infrageneric Classification white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus . We also distill emerging evolutionary and of the North American Oaks (Quercus biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple Subgenus Quercus): Review of the species complexes and instances of hybridization.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Uses, Management, and Restoration of Oaks of the Far Western United States
    United States Technical Note No. 2 Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service National Plant Data Center Indigenous Uses, Management, September 2007 and Restoration of Oaks of the Far Western United States Issued September 2007 Cover photo: Shelled acorns from the California black oak (Quercus kel­ loggii) (Courtesy of Kat Anderson, NRCS) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, re­ prisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should con­ tact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250–9410, or call (800) 795–3272 (voice) or (202) 720–6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Acknowledgments This publication was authored by M. Kat Anderson, ethnoecologist, National Plant Center, Davis, California, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and reviewed by Scott Peterson, director, National Plant Data Center, NRCS; Michael Johnson, anthropologist, NRCS; Reina Rogers, American Indian liaison, NRCS; Pat Shaver, rangeland management specialist, NRCS; Pedro Tor­ res, tribal liaison, NRCS; and Sarah Bridges, national cultural resources specialist, NRCS.
    [Show full text]