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Resumen Ejecutivo GOBIERNO DE CHILE MINISTERIO DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE AGUAS DEPARTAMENTO DE CONSERVACIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS ANÁLISIS Y REFORMULACIÓN RED DE MONITOREO DE LAGOS REGIÓN DE LOS RÍOS RESUMEN EJECUTIVO REALIZADO POR: CENTRO EULA, UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN S.I.T. N0 395 SANTIAGO, Enero de 2017 MINISTERIO DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Ministro de Obras Públicas Sr. Alberto Undurraga Vicuña Director General de Aguas (T.P.) Sr. Carlos Estévez Valencia Jefe de Dpto. de Conservación y Protección de Recursos Hídricos Sra. Mónica Musalem Jara Inspector Fiscal Sra. Viviana Bustos Contreras NOMBRE CONSULTORES: Director del Proyecto Sr. Roberto Urrutia (Biólogo, Dr. en Ciencias Ambientales) Profesionales: Sr. Alberto Araneda (Biólogo Marino, Dr. en Ciencias Ambientales) Sr. Oscar Parra (Licenciado en Biología, Dr. Recursos Naturales) Sra. Alejandra Stehr (Ingeniero Civil, Dr. en Ciencias Ambientales) Sr. Ricardo Figueroa (Biólogo, Dr. en Ciencias Biológicas) Sr. Jorge Feléz (Licenciado en Geografía, MsC. SIG y Teledetección) Sr. Pablo Pedreros (Biólogo Marino, Dr. en Ciencias Ambientales) Sra. Viviana Almanza (Biólogo Marino, Dr. en Ciencias Ambientales) Srta. Niela Araneda (Ingeniero Ambiental) Srta. María Elisa Díaz (Biólogo, Dr. (c) en Ciencias Ambientales) Resumen Ejecutivo “Análisis y Reformulación de Red de Monitoreo de Lagos Región de los Ríos” INDICE 1 INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................... 1 2 OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Objetivo general ..................................................................................... 3 2.2 Objetivos específicos .............................................................................. 3 3 METODOLOGÍA............................................................................................. 4 3.1 Calidad de agua y sedimentos .................................................................. 4 4 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................... 6 4.1 PARÁMETROS MORFOMÉTRICOS .............................................................. 6 4.2 LAGO CALAFQUÉN .................................................................................. 7 4.2.1 Parámetros físicos-químicos............................................................... 8 4.2.2 Fitoplancton................................................................................... 14 4.2.3 Calidad del agua tributarios ............................................................. 15 4.2.4 Estado trófico ................................................................................ 17 4.2.5 Balance de nutrientes ..................................................................... 18 4.2.6 Determinación de carga crítica ......................................................... 21 4.3 LAGO NELTUME .................................................................................... 22 4.3.1 Parámetros físico-químicos .............................................................. 23 4.3.2 Fitoplancton................................................................................... 29 4.3.3 Calidad del agua tributarios ............................................................. 30 4.3.4 Estado trófico ................................................................................ 32 4.3.5 Balance de nutrientes ..................................................................... 33 4.3.6 Determinación de carga crítica ......................................................... 37 4.4 LAGO PIREHUEICO ............................................................................... 39 4.4.1 Parámetros físico-químicos .............................................................. 40 4.4.2 Fitoplancton................................................................................... 46 4.4.3 Calidad del agua tributarios ............................................................. 47 4.4.4 Estado trófico ................................................................................ 49 4.4.5 Balance de nutrientes ..................................................................... 50 4.4.6 Determinación de carga crítica ......................................................... 52 4.5 LAGO PANGUIPILLI ............................................................................... 54 4.5.1 Parámetros físico-químicos .............................................................. 55 4.5.2 Fitoplancton................................................................................... 61 4.5.3 Calidad del agua tributarios ............................................................. 62 iii Resumen Ejecutivo “Análisis y Reformulación de Red de Monitoreo de Lagos Región de los Ríos” 4.5.4 Balance de nutrientes ..................................................................... 65 4.5.5 Determinación de carga crítica ......................................................... 69 4.6 LAGO RIÑIHUE ..................................................................................... 70 4.6.1 Parámetros físico-químicos .............................................................. 71 4.6.2 Fitoplancton................................................................................... 77 4.6.3 Calidad del agua tributarios ............................................................. 78 4.6.4 Estado trófico ................................................................................ 80 4.6.5 Balance de nutrientes ..................................................................... 81 4.6.6 Determinación de carga crítica ......................................................... 84 4.7 LAGO PUYEHUE .................................................................................... 85 4.7.1 Parámetros físico-químicos .............................................................. 86 4.7.2 Fitoplancton................................................................................... 92 4.7.3 Calidad del agua tributarios ............................................................. 93 4.7.4 Estado trófico ................................................................................ 95 4.7.5 Balance de nutrientes ..................................................................... 96 4.7.6 Determinación de carga crítica ....................................................... 100 4.8 ANÁLISIS INTEGRADO CALIDAD DEL AGUA ........................................... 102 4.9 SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS ............................................................... 107 4.9.1 Identificación de servicios ecosistémicos y presiones actuales ............ 107 4.9.2 Caracterización Socio ecosistema 1: Calafquén-Pirehueico-Riñihue. .... 108 4.9.3 Caracterización Socio ecosistema 2: Puyehue .................................. 119 5 PLAN DE GESTIÓN ..................................................................................... 129 5.1 Objetivos de la propuesta de gestión .................................................... 130 5.2 Diagnóstico participativo ..................................................................... 130 5.2.1 Identificación de actores ............................................................... 131 5.2.2 Usos actuales y potenciales identificados por los participantes de los talleres 131 5.2.3 Problemáticas ambientales identificados por los participantes de los talleres 132 5.2.4 Propuesta de integrantes para formar el futuro Comité de Gestión para la implementación del plan de gestión ............................................................ 132 5.3 Programas específicos de gestión ......................................................... 134 6 PROGRAMA DE MONITOREO ....................................................................... 138 6.1 Objetivo general ................................................................................. 138 6.2 Objetivos específicos .......................................................................... 138 iv Resumen Ejecutivo “Análisis y Reformulación de Red de Monitoreo de Lagos Región de los Ríos” 6.3 Actividades ........................................................................................ 138 7 CONCLUSIONES GENERALES ...................................................................... 150 8 EQUIPO DE TRABAJO ................................................................................. 153 v Resumen Ejecutivo “Análisis y Reformulación de Red de Monitoreo de Lagos Región de los Ríos” 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Los lagos se originan principalmente por la obstrucción del drenaje superficial debido particularmente a procesos morfogenéticos, conformando una estructura temporal, en la historia erosional de los sistemas geográficos (Bellair & Pomero, 1977; Mosetti, 1977). Ellos reciben aportes sólidos y líquidos de su cuenca de drenaje, mediante escurrimiento lineal, laminar y subterráneo, razón por la cual las características de la calidad del agua y de las comunidades biológicas allí presentes, reflejan los efectos acumulados de todos los aportes de agua y materiales procedentes del entorno. Debido a la acumulación gradual de nutrientes en los sistemas acuáticos, se va produciendo de manera paulatina una degradación en estos sistemas, caracterizándose por incrementos de la biomasa algal, pérdida de biodiversidad (reducido número de especies con una proporción de cianobacterias superior a la de las aguas oligotróficas) y la generación o establecimiento de condiciones
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