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What Is Advanced Logo?

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What Is Advanced Logo? What Is Advanced Logo? In This Issue by Dorothy Fitch When you are 10 years old, 15 seems old. When you are 20 years old, 30 What Is Advanced Logo? : ,. 1 seems old. When you are 30 years old, 45 seems old. "Old" is always older than By Seymour Papert 4 you are. Age is a moving target. So is "Advanced Logo". When you first begin Logo Tool Box 6 with Logo, the idea of writing procedures seems advanced. Then variables Logo Users Groups 8 seem advanced. Then words and lists. Then interactive programming. Then New Product Information 8 recursion, the non-tail-end kind. Book Review 9 Advanced Logo is what you don't yet understand. It's something you have Advanced Logo Bibliography 10 to work at, a hurdle, something new to your experience that grinds you to a What is "advanced Logo"? I asked halt. Learning new things can be frustrating, but it's exhilarating when you Dorothy Fitch, Brian Harvey, Brian figure them out, understand them, and can use them. Silverman, Alberto Caiias, Sharon It is easy to say that advanced Logois a set oftechnically obscure primitives. Yoder, and Mitchel Resnick. Their These are the less intuitive programming tools, the fancier ''bells and answers comprise the lead article of whistles" of the language. You are probably on your own as you learn these this issue ofLogo Update. As far as I primitives, not generally covered in a typical first Logo course or book. Even know, none of them discussed the experienced Logo users can find "advanced" primitives that they haven't fully question with each other, at least not explored or with which they don't feel totally comfortable (property lists, specifically in connection with this arrays, stream 110, machine language interfacing, bitwise operations). article . Yet there are certain However, in a deeper sense, advanced Logo is not the language, but what viewpoints that several ofthe authors you do with it. People sometimes call Terrapin and ask for our "easy" version share. Seymour Papert reflects on of the language. There is no "easy" version. There is no "advanced" version. those themes in his commentary There are just "easy" or "advanced" things you can do with Logo,just as there beginning on page 4. are "easy" and "advanced" things you can do with a hammer, nails, and wood, If you are about to put this issue of or with a needle, thread, and fabric. Logo Update aside because "advanced What makes a project "advanced?" It might require more complex problem- Logo"is not for you, I suggest that you solving strategies. It might be a program with scores of procedures, creating give it a chance. The various many paths through it, more opportunities for bugs to creep in, and more perspectives ofthe authors collectively testing routines. It may be an elegant but simple program that shows a full convey a view of advanced Logo that comprehension of recursion. is inclusive and not at all elitist or An "easy" Logoproject can become an "advanced" project simply by changing obscure. the rules: "Do this using only five instructions." "Find a way to solve this Carol Sperry's Book Review recursively." "Do this without using the following primitives: ... " "Solve this continues that theme with a look at problem in three different ways." Sometimes advanced projects push you into several advanced Logo books. learning primitives you might not have otherwise investigated, bringing Accompanying the review is a together both ways of looking at "Advanced Logo". bibliography of books and papers Logois a set oftools. You learn to use them at your own pace; you make with suggested by Carol and by the other them what you want. And if your Logo contains the tools for the projects you authors. want to complete, then that's all you need. Unlike most computer environments, I puzzled for a while about how to Logo continually offers new challenges to those who seek them. sequence the six pieces that form the main article. Since my name begins by Brian Harvey with "T" I never liked the idea of This feels like a funny question to me, since the party line these days is that listing authors in alphabetical order. In Logois a tool to be used for studying other things, and if that's so, the emphasis the end, I arranged them randomly. should be on, let's say, advanced math rather than advanced Logo. (Yes,ofcourse Iused aLogoprocedure. Nevertheless, there's a paradox in Logo-as-tool, namely that unless you It's on page 7,but why don't you try it study Logo itself, it's not a very transparent tool. Logo beginners can get for yourself before looking there?) trapped in small details of syntax, which make it hard to get past the mechanics of programming into the math or whatever else you're trying to learn about. If you say "I'm not interested in Logo itself," you never overcome this vulnerability to the syntax. There are two ways to solve the problem of programming details. One is for some expert, a teacher or a Logo implementor, to build a simplified interface (Continues on next page) page 2 Logo Foundation as long as you can remember every as successive versions of Logo have 250 West 57th Street detail of your program. But as let more and more things be New York, NY 10107-2603 programs get larger, they get much:" increasingly concrete. (For instance, Telephone: 212765-4918 harder to debug, because the result of when LogoWriter came out I started FAX: 212765-4789 this instruction depends on some printing to the page to keep lists of email: [email protected] leftover result from another results instead of using sentence to instruction 300 lines away. Partly keep lists of results.) What's grown Board of Directors Seymour Papert, Chair this kind ofadvancement comes from instead is the sophistication of the Clotilde Fonseca practice: from writing lots of ideas I've let myself explore and the Tessa R. Harvey programs. But there are ideas that range of interests that I've mucked Geraldine Kozberg programmers can learn to help control about with using the computer. Over Michael Tempel the complexity oftheir programs; the the last couple of years the projects Takayuki Tsuru most important of these ideas is have usually had something to do The Logo Foundation is a nonprofit abstraction, which means extending with experimental mathematics or educational organization incorporated the vocabulary ofyour programming evolutionary biologyor whatever else in New York State. language by inventing new features, managed to catch my interest. new data types, and so on, and then Using programming as part of an Logo Update is published three times using those extensions to make your exploration requires a certain amount yearly by the Logo Foundation. program shorter and cleaner. (It was of fluency. Fluency in the sense of Subscription is free. because BASIC didn't provide the being able to create Logo programs © 1994 Logo Foundation language extension tools needed for while thinking about the exploration You may copy and distribute this abstraction that Logo people fought rather than thinking about Logo or document for educational purposes against it back in the early days of the computer. This comes with provided that you do not charge for educational computing.) practice, with looking at examples, such copies and that this copyright notice is reproduced in full. Finally, of course, some of those with discussing "neat hacks" and extra features that help you write tricks of the trade with friends and (Continued from page 1) more complex programs are already mentors, with essentially the same that you can use to get at some set of in Logo, so "advanced Logo" also kind oflearning strategies that you'd ideas without really using the Logo means learning about property lists, use to pick up any other non-trivial _ language.Il'he.other.iand.here is.the, about-procedun~"as-data.(define-and -sk-ill.-Thekind-offl-uefl.BYthat-lets you paradox, is to invest some effort into text), about nonlocal exit (catch and express yourself without thinking Logoas an object ofstudy, so that the throw), about parallelism in LCSI's about the language is for me what language truly does become a MicroWorlds, about object-oriented advanced Logo really is. transparent means of access to ideas programming in Paradigm Software's about other things. Object Logo, and so on. by Alberto Canas So I'd say that one meaning of Advanced Logo can refer to an "advanced Logo"is reaching a state of by Brian Silverman advanced use of Logo or to an mind in which the syntax rules feel It's often hard to get a handle on advanced version of the language. I sensible rather than arbitrary. Why what "advanced" means. I remember propose that any truly advanced do you put quotes in front of the someone telling me a story about version of Logo must lead to an variable name with make but a colon asking a bunch of children what they advanced use of the language. in front with print? A beginner will thought advanced mathematics were. The first idea that too often comes say, "Generally you use the colon for The answer was usually something to mind when considering the phrase variables, but make is an exception." like doing sums. But it was sums of "advanced use ofthe language" is the An advanced Logoite will say, "It has really big lists of really big numbers. complexity of the instructions used nothing to do with make or print, I suppose we could use reasoning in programming: the more complex really.
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