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The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century. -
Exam Sample Question
Latin II St. Charles Preparatory School Sample Second Semester Examination Questions PART I Background and History (Questions 1-35) Directions: On the answer sheet cover the letter of the response which correctly completes each statement about Caesar or his armies. 1. The commander-in-chief of a Roman army who had won a significant victory was known as a. dux b. imperator c. signifer d. sagittarius e. legatus 2. Caesar was consul for the first time in the year a. 65 B.C. b. 70 B.C. c. 59 B.C. d. 44 B.C. e. 51 B.C. PART II Vocabulary (Questions 36-85) Directions: On the answer sheet provided cover the letter of the correct meaning for the boldfaced Latin word in the left band column. 36. doctus a. edge b. entrance c. learned d. record e. friendly 37. incipio a. stop b. speaker c. rest d. happen e. begin PART III Prepared Translation, Passage A (Questions 86-95) Directions: On the answer sheet provided cover the letter of the best translation for each Latin sentence or fragment. 86. Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres. a. The Gauls divided themselves into three parts b. All of Gaul was divided into three parts c. Three parts of Gaul have been divided d. Everyone in Gaul was divided into three parts PART IV Prepared Translation, Passage B (Questions 96-105) Directions: On the answer sheet provided cover the letter of the best translation for each Latin sentence or fragment. 96. Galli se Celtas appellant. Romani autem eos Gallos appellant. -
RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great
ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S. -
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome William E. Dunstan ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK ................. 17856$ $$FM 09-09-10 09:17:21 PS PAGE iii Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright ᭧ 2011 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All maps by Bill Nelson. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. The cover image shows a marble bust of the nymph Clytie; for more information, see figure 22.17 on p. 370. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dunstan, William E. Ancient Rome / William E. Dunstan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7425-6832-7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6833-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6834-1 (electronic) 1. Rome—Civilization. 2. Rome—History—Empire, 30 B.C.–476 A.D. 3. Rome—Politics and government—30 B.C.–476 A.D. I. Title. DG77.D86 2010 937Ј.06—dc22 2010016225 ⅜ϱ ீThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/ NISO Z39.48–1992. Printed in the United States of America ................ -
The Reception of Agrippina, Mother of Nero, in Handel's Opera Agrippina
In die Skriflig / In Luce Verbi ISSN: (Online) 2305-0853, (Print) 1018-6441 Page 1 of 6 Original Research Agrippina as prima donna: The reception of Agrippina, mother of Nero, in Handel’s opera Agrippina Author: This article examines the way in which Agrippina, the mother of the emperor Nero, is depicted 1 Betine van Zyl Smit in Handel’s opera Agrippina. The opera’s libretto, written by Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, Affiliation: draws upon the historical information in Suetonius’ biography of Claudius and upon the 1Department of Classics and events described in books 12 to 14 of Tacitus’ Annals. The article shows how Grimani juggled Archaeology, University of the chronology, events and relationships among the characters to omit the tragic and gruesome Nottingham, Nottingham, details, and to create a satirical comedy of succession. United Kingdom Keywords: Georg Friedrich Handel; Vincenzo Grimani; Agrippina Opera; Emperor Nero; Corresponding author: Betine Smit, Emperor Claudius; Empress Agrippina; Suetonius’ Biography of Claudius; Tacitus Annals [email protected] 12–14; Opera Libretto; Poppaea Sabina; Otho. Dates: Received: 07 June 2019 Accepted: 25 July 2019 Introduction Published: 31 Oct. 2019 The relationships and events at the heart of the Roman Empire in the middle years of the 1st century AD1 contain plenty of drama and intrigue. The accounts of Tacitus in his Annals and in the How to cite this article: Van Zyl Smit, B., 2019, biographies of the emperors Claudius and Nero by Suetonius, depict a series of marriages and ‘Agrippina as prima donna: murders that would make material for the most lurid fiction. Such events occurred at the courts The reception of Agrippina, of Claudius (41–54) and Nero (54–64). -
Objective and Subjective Genitives
Objective and Subjective Genitives To this point, there have been three uses of the Genitive Case. They are possession, partitive, and description. Many genitives which have been termed possessive, however, actually are not. When a Genitive Case noun is paired with certain special nouns, the Genitive has a special relationship with the other noun, based on the relationship of a noun to a verb. Many English and Latin nouns are derived from verbs. For example, the word “love” can be used either as a verb or a noun. Its context tells us how it is being used. The patriot loves his country. The noun country is the Direct Object of the verb loves. The patriot has a great love of his country. The noun country is still the object of loving, but now loving is expressed as a noun. Thus, the genitive phrase of his country is called an Objective Genitive. You have actually seen a number of Objective Genitives. Another common example is Rex causam itineris docuit. The king explained the cause of the journey (the thing that caused the journey). Because “cause” can be either a noun or a verb, when it is used as a noun its Direct Object must be expressed in the Genitive Case. A number of Latin adjectives also govern Objective Genitives. For example, Vir miser cupidus pecuniae est. A miser is desirous of money. Some special nouns and adjectives in Latin take Objective Genitives which are more difficult to see and to translate. The adjective peritus, -a, - um, meaning “skilled” or “experienced,” is one of these: Nautae sunt periti navium. -
University of Pretoria an INVESTIGATION for POSSIBLE PARALLELS of the ROMAN IMPERIAL CULT (CAESAR-NERO) in the NEW TESTAMENT B
University of Pretoria AN INVESTIGATION FOR POSSIBLE PARALLELS OF THE ROMAN IMPERIAL CULT (CAESAR-NERO) IN THE NEW TESTAMENT BOOK OF HEBREWS Masters Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Masters of Theology New Testament Studies by Ryan D. Chivington October 2006 Summary This thesis is an investigation of possible significant parallels of the Roman imperial cult (Caesar-Nero) in the book of Hebrews. The book of Hebrews was no doubt greatly impacted by Jewish influence, context, and background. Yet there may be other significant influences that have formed the New Testament book of Hebrews. One such possible influence to the book of Hebrews is the Roman Empire, and more specifically, the Roman imperial cult, the worship of living Roman emperors in god- like terms and the deification of dead emperors. The writer of Hebrews may have used language, forms, and images of the Roman ruler cult to contrast, compare, or clarify their theology and interpretation of Jesus and God. There is the possibility of correspondences between worship of the Roman emperors and the book of Hebrews. Are there significant parallels of the worship of the Caesars to God in the book of Hebrews? Did the writer of Hebrews use illusions, motifs, and images of the Roman emperor cult in parallel to Jesus Christ? Is the Roman imperial cult influence portrayed in the book of Hebrews? If yes, how and to what degree are they portrayed? If no, what are some of the divergences? This thesis attempts to answer these questions in an investigation for possible parallels of the Roman imperial cult (Caesar-Nero) in the New Testament book of Hebrews. -
Let's Review Text Structure!
Grade 6 Day 18 ELA q I Grade 6 Day 18 ELA Grade 6 Day 18 ELA W o Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math pl Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math P2 Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math 173 Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math 104 Grade 6 Day 18 Science pl Grade 6 Day 18 Science P2 Grade 6 Day 18 Science 123 Question for you to turn in. Describe how processes were used to form a landform. Use vocabulary and evidence from the passage to support your answer. RACE. Grade 6 Day 18 Social Studies Grade 6 Day 18 Social Studies to . I ] l n n t t e o o r n n m i i i t r r t t a a p t t h e e a a . r r m h h 1 o o m m t t E r r 0 p p O O e o o n s f f m m r n a i i i l n n o i i r m e e o m p i R t / l m ? ? d d e l l a l l E e e h a a , ci s s T f f s e u u n n n a a m o sp w w o i C C r o o s/ f t t ct t n D D a a e n a s h h s s e i i t m e W W h h n o h r t / co s o t e d r i n n s s p o a i e e e e t i i m s v v n e p r r m m / e i l t e e e e g t c r s s n n a e e o o l E E R R e s. -
Vespasian's Apotheosis
VESPASIAN’S APOTHEOSIS Andrew B. Gallia* In the study of the divinization of Roman emperors, a great deal depends upon the sequence of events. According to the model of consecratio proposed by Bickermann, apotheosis was supposed to be accomplished during the deceased emperor’s public funeral, after which the senate acknowledged what had transpired by decreeing appropriate honours for the new divus.1 Contradictory evidence has turned up in the Fasti Ostienses, however, which seem to indicate that both Marciana and Faustina were declared divae before their funerals took place.2 This suggests a shift * Published in The Classical Quarterly 69.1 (2019). 1 E. Bickermann, ‘Die römische Kaiserapotheosie’, in A. Wlosok (ed.), Römischer Kaiserkult (Darmstadt, 1978), 82-121, at 100-106 (= Archiv für ReligionswissenschaftW 27 [1929], 1-31, at 15-19); id., ‘Consecratio’, in W. den Boer (ed.), Le culte des souverains dans l’empire romain. Entretiens Hardt 19 (Geneva, 1973), 1-37, at 13-25. 2 L. Vidman, Fasti Ostienses (Prague, 19822), 48 J 39-43: IIII k. Septembr. | [Marciana Aug]usta excessit divaq(ue) cognominata. | [Eodem die Mati]dia Augusta cognominata. III | [non. Sept. Marc]iana Augusta funere censorio | [elata est.], 49 O 11-14: X[— k. Nov. Fausti]na Aug[usta excessit eodemq(ue) die a] | senatu diva app[ellata et s(enatus) c(onsultum) fact]um fun[ere censorio eam efferendam.] | Ludi et circenses [delati sunt. — i]dus N[ov. Faustina Augusta funere] | censorio elata e[st]. Against this interpretation of the Marciana fragment (as published by A. Degrassi, Inscr. It. 13.1 [1947], 201) see E. -
Why Does Theology Matter?
Why Does Theology Matter? 1. Theology: You’re Already Doing It! Julian A. Davies The University Church Toledo, Ohio 43615 Theology: You’re Already Doing It! Theos – God Logia – utterances [c.f. Logos – word] Theologia - Utterances about God The Greek, theologia, becomes, in English, theology Theology: You’re Already Doing It! Augustine of Hippo described theology as: “de divinitate rationem sive sermonem” “reasoning or discussion concerning the Deity” Augustine, City of God, 8.1 “reasoning or discussion concerning the Deity” … is going on all around us! Theology as … A conversation that helps to shape and guide a way of life … A component of the lens through which we see, experience, and understand the world … Communicated through words, symbols and praxis … Worldview Questions that shape our worldview • Who – Who are we? • Where – Where are we? • What – What’s wrong? • How – How do we get out of this mess? • When – What time is it? • Why – Why do we think this way? N. T. Wright Questions that shape our worldview Rudyard Kipling – I Keep Six Honest Serving Men I keep six honest serving-men (They taught me all I knew); Their names are: What and Why and When and How and Where and Who. I send them over land and sea, I send them east and west; But after they have worked for me, I give them all a rest. Questions that shape our worldview Rudyard Kipling – I Keep Six Honest Serving Men I let them rest from nine till five, For I am busy then, As well as breakfast, lunch, and tea, For they are hungry men. -
Lecture 5: Roman Comedy: Plautus Pseudolus
MDS1TRW: The Roman World Lecture 5: Roman Comedy: Plautus Pseudolus h"p://www.utexas.edu/courses/moorecomedy/comedyimages/naplesrelief.jpg ROMAN COMEDY fabula palliata – story in Greek dress • Plautus (c. 254 to 184 BCE) – 20 comedies including Pseudolus • Terence (195-160 BCE) - 6 comedies Italian influences on the fabula palliata • Fescennine Jesng – obscene abuse, verbal duelling [e.g. Pseudolus and Simia (Pseud. 913-20 – pp. 251-2)] • Saturnalia 17 December - overturning of social norms [e.g. slave in charge mo\f] • Atellan Farce: innuendo, obscenity, visual comedy [everywhere! – see Ballio and slaves scene] Plautus vs. Terence • Terence: v Athenian New Comedy v family drama • Plautus: v Roman elements • e.g. Aulularia (Pot of Gold 107): Euclio visits the Roman magistrate v Farce v Metatheatrics Performing Plautus’ Pseudolus • 191 BCE • Ludi Megalenses • Plautus = 63 years old Mosaic of two actors with masks Sousse Museum, Tunisia http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/theater/pctheater40.jpg Plautus: use of stock characters • Young man (adulescens) • Slave (servus, ancilla) • Old man (senex) • Pros\tute (meretrix) • Pimp, bawd (leno) • Soldier (miles) • Parasite (parasitus) Mosaic of comic masks: flute girl and • Nurse (nutrix) slave, Conservatori Museum, Rome http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/theater/pctheater.30.jpg Plautus: stock characters in Pseudolus • Young man (adulescens) - Calidorus • Slave (servus) – Pseudolus [and Simia] • Old man (senex) – Simo • Pimp, bawd (leno) – Ballio • Cook (coquus) –unnamed • Pros\tute (meretrix) - Phoenicium Mosaic of comic masks: flute girl and slave, Conservatori Museum, Rome http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/theater/pctheater.30.jpg Names with meaning • Slaves: Pseudolus; Harpax; Simia • Soldier: Polymachaeroplagides = lit. -
Omens in Regime Change
Omens versus Merit in Regime Change: How an Emperor Retains Power A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Classical Studies at the University of Michigan by Inna Dykman April 2008 Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to make it clear that none of this would have been possible without the help of Professor David Potter. Were it not for him, I would still be wandering around the library. He guided me through the disciplines of history and classics with which I was mostly unfamiliar and showed me just how much fascinating scholarship there is. I hope I have done him justice as my advisor. Second, I must thank my boyfriend, James, who has put up with me for the past year. Not only did he spend one whole day proofreading and trying to understand what I was talking about, but he spent many days listening to my whining and frustration. I let myself be distracted by him a fair few times to play a game of poker or watch a movie when I should have been working, but he was the one who made me sit down and write all the other times. His love and support led me in large part to believe I was capable of such a thing at all. The rest of my family was also greatly responsible for encouraging me and listened to more than its fair share of whining as well. They have pushed me all my life to engage in this world of academia, and while my thesis contains many fewer equations and lab results than they might have liked, it would never have come into existence if they had not known that this was the world I would so enjoy.