Emergency Food Security and Market Assessment in Ghana
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Emergency Food Security and Market Assessment Ghana June 2016 Data Collected in March 2016 1 Emergency Food Security and Market Assessment in Ghana Data collected in February/March 2016 Draft Report in June 2016 Assessment team: Wuni Dasori: VAM Officer, [email protected] Moses Korbli: Programme Assistant (M&E), [email protected] Raul Cumba: VAM Officer, [email protected] June 2016 Data Collected in March 2016 For more information, contact: Mutinta Chimuka: Country Representative, [email protected] Alessia Decaterina: Head of Programme, [email protected] Dominique Ferretti, Food Security Specialist – WFP Regional Bureau Dakar [email protected] 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Emergency Food Security Assessment (EFSA) report is the product of a joint effort led by the World Food Programme and the Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Throughout the EFSA process, several partners and individuals contributed to the success of the survey. We would like to express our gratitude to the Regional Directorates of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in the Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta and Brong Ahafo Regions of Ghana and their staff, who were key to the success of data collection for the EFSA. Throughout the survey field work, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture provided essential technical and logistical support to ensure success of the data collection exercise. We would also like to express our sincere appreciation to Raul Cumba for his dedication to the training and coordination of the data collection for the EFSA. The staff of WFP Ghana Country Office in Accra and the Sub-Office in Tamale also made an immense contribution towards the success of the EFSA. Special appreciation goes to the management of the WFP Country Office in Accra, notably Mutinta Chimuka Country - Director, and Magdalena Moshi – Deputy Country Director, for their support throughout the EFSA exercise. We are equally grateful to staff at the WFP West Africa Regional Bureau in Dakar for their technical support at various stages of the survey, particularly to Dominique Ferretti, Simon Renk, Matthieu Tockert, Malick Ndiaye, Mariam Katile and Eric Branckaert. Lastly, we would like to express our profound appreciation to the 6,118 households throughout northern Ghana who spared a significant amount of their time to respond to the long list of questions posed in this survey. WUNI DASORI AND MOSES KORBLI 3 Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive summary ........................................................................................................................................ 8 How many people are food insecure? ........................................................................................................ 8 Where are the food insecure households?................................................................................................. 8 Who are the food insecure households? .................................................................................................... 8 Why are they food insecure? ..................................................................................................................... 9 Are market conditions favorable for the implementation of cash-based programs? ................................ 10 How can they be supported/assisted? ..................................................................................................... 10 1. Context and Objectives of the Evaluation ............................................................................................. 11 1.1. Context ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.2. Goal and Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 12 2. Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Training of enumerators .............................................................................................................. 13 2.2. Sampling ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3. Traders survey design .................................................................................................................. 14 2.4. Data collection ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.5. Limitations of the assessment ...................................................................................................... 14 3. Agriculture and Food availability .......................................................................................................... 15 4. Results ................................................................................................................................................. 17 4.1. Food security situation in Northern Ghana, Brong Ahafo and Volta Regions ................................ 17 4.1.1 Who are the food insecure .......................................................................................................... 18 4.1.1.1 Female headed households ................................................................................................. 18 4.1.1.2 Agriculturalist ....................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1.3 Agro-pastoralist ................................................................................................................... 20 4.1.1.4 Traders ................................................................................................................................. 20 4.1.1.5 Artisans ................................................................................................................................ 20 4.1.1.6 Food processors ................................................................................................................... 21 4.1.2 Food consumption and diversity of foods consumed ................................................................... 21 4.1.2.1 Sources of food .................................................................................................................... 22 4.1.2.2 Nutritional quality of foods consumed ................................................................................. 23 4.1.3 Coping strategies ......................................................................................................................... 24 4.1.3.1 Consumption-based coping strategies ................................................................................. 24 4 4.1.3.2 Livelihood-based coping strategies ...................................................................................... 24 4.1.4 Livelihood strategies of the survey population ............................................................................. 25 4.1.5 Causes of food insecurity ............................................................................................................. 26 4.1.5.1 Shocks .................................................................................................................................. 26 4.1.5.2 Insufficient funds and poor access to inputs ........................................................................ 26 4.1.5.3 Poor agro-meteorological conditions ................................................................................... 27 4.2. Knowledge of fortified foods ........................................................................................................ 27 4.3. Market assessment ...................................................................................................................... 28 4.3.1 Price trends .................................................................................................................................. 28 a) Maize ............................................................................................................................................... 28 b) Local rice .......................................................................................................................................... 28 c) Cassava ............................................................................................................................................ 28 d) Imported rice ................................................................................................................................... 28 4.3.2 Price volatility .............................................................................................................................. 29 4.3.3 Market integration ....................................................................................................................... 29 a) Maize price integration ................................................................................................................ 29 b) Cassava price integration ............................................................................................................. 30 c) Imported rice integration ............................................................................................................