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Master Reference Master Gros plan sur les méchantes. La figure du Mal au féminin au travers des longs métrages du cinéma d'animation de la production Walt Disney LEGERET, Marine, NICIC PORTELLI, Giuditt, VON AARBURG, Jill Abstract Notre travail de mémoire est une recherche de type théorique – documentaire. A l’aide de six longs métrages d’animation issus de la production Walt Disney (Blanche-Neige et les Sept Nains, Cendrillon, La Belle au bois dormant, Merlin l’enchanteur, La Petite Sirène et Kuzco l’empereur mégalo), nous analysons six représentations du Mal au féminin (La Reine, la Marâtre, Maléfique, Madame Mim, Ursula et Yzma), afin d’en extraire les caractéristiques de la figure de la méchante. Nous observons l’évolution de cette figure à travers le temps et les productions au moyen d’une grille d’analyse critérielle. De plus, et afin d’ancrer davantage notre mémoire dans les Sciences de l’Education, nous confrontons nos résultats aux avis de trois enseignants primaires. De cette manière, nous extrayons différentes pistes d’action et de séquences à mener en classe. Enfin, cette recherche présente de façon détaillée la figure de la méchante et apporte des outils pour l’analyse de l’image. Reference LEGERET, Marine, NICIC PORTELLI, Giuditt, VON AARBURG, Jill. Gros plan sur les méchantes. La figure du Mal au féminin au travers des longs métrages du cinéma d'animation de la production Walt Disney. Master : Univ. Genève, 2011 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:17946 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 TITRE/SOUS-TITRE "Gros plan sur les méchantes" "La figure du Mal au féminin au travers des longs métrages du cinéma d'animation de la production Walt Disney" MEMOIRE REALISE EN VUE DE L’OBTENTION DU/DE LA LICENCE MENTION ENSEIGNEMENT Veuillez vous référer à la dénomination officielle des titres figurant dans le guide des étudiants PAR Marine Légeret Giuditt Nicic Portelli Jill von Aarburg DIRECTEUR DU MEMOIRE Anne Perréard Vité Christophe Ronveaux JURY Isabelle Collet Katja Grimm Anne Perréard Vité Christophe Ronveaux LIEU, MOIS ET ANNEE GENEVE JUIN 2011 UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE FACULTE DE PSYCHOLOGIE ET DES SCIENCES DE L'EDUCATION SECTION SCIENCES DE L'EDUCATION Marine Légeret, Giuditt Nicic Portelli et Jill von Aarburg « Gros plan sur les méchantes » RESUME Notre travail de mémoire est une recherche de type théorique – documentaire. A l’aide de six longs métrages d’animation issus de la production Walt Disney (Blanche-Neige et les Sept Nains, Cendrillon, La Belle au bois dormant, Merlin l’enchanteur, La Petite Sirène et Kuzco l’empereur mégalo), nous analysons six représentations du Mal au féminin (La Reine, la Marâtre, Maléfique, Madame Mim, Ursula et Yzma), afin d’en extraire les caractéristiques de la figure de la méchante. Nous observons l’évolution de cette figure à travers le temps et les productions au moyen d’une grille d’analyse critérielle. De plus, et afin d’ancrer davantage notre mémoire dans les Sciences de l’Education, nous confrontons nos résultats aux avis de trois enseignants primaires. De cette manière, nous extrayons différentes pistes d’action et de séquences à mener en classe. Enfin, cette recherche présente de façon détaillée la figure de la méchante et apporte des outils pour l’analyse de l’image. 1 Marine Légeret, Giuditt Nicic Portelli et Jill von Aarburg « Gros plan sur les méchantes » Université de Genève FAPSE : Section des Sciences de l’Education Licence Mention « Enseignement » Année Académique 2010-2011 « Gros plan sur les méchantes » « La figure du Mal au féminin au travers des longs métrages du cinéma d’animation de la production Walt Disney » Mémoire de Licence Jury : Anne Perréard Vité (co-directrice) Christophe Ronveaux (co-directeur) Isabelle Collet Katja Grimm Giuditt Nicic Portelli Marine Légeret Jill von Aarburg Rue Saint-Ours 5 Ch. Du Vieux-Vésenaz 41 Rte de Vandoeuvres 84 1205 Genève 1222 Vésenaz 1253 Vandoeuvres [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 2 Marine Légeret, Giuditt Nicic Portelli et Jill von Aarburg « Gros plan sur les méchantes » Remerciements Tout d’abord, nous souhaitons remercier vivement Madame Anne Perréard Vité et Monsieur Christophe Ronveaux, co-directeurs de notre travail de mémoire, pour leur soutien, implication et disponibilité tout au long de notre démarche. Nous remercions également les membres de nos familles et nos amis pour leur compréhension, soutien et encouragements durant ces deux années de travail. Nos moments de doutes et de découragements ont, grâce à vous, été de courte durée. Nous tenons aussi à dire merci à Céline De la Cruz et Viviane Jalil pour leur aide lors de la réalisation de page de garde de notre mémoire. Leurs connaissances en informatique ont été d’une grande aide pour le montage photo de l’image. Ainsi qu’à Mme Magnenat pour ses apports sur l’analyse de l’image. Enfin, un grand merci aux enseignants de l’école primaire de Pré-Picot pour leur franchise, disponibilité et collaboration lors de l’entretien de recherche qui nous a offert un nouveau regard sur nos résultats. 3 Marine Légeret, Giuditt Nicic Portelli et Jill von Aarburg « Gros plan sur les méchantes » Table des matières 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 2. Cadre théorique................................................................................................................. 9 2.1. Le méchant, une figure................................................................................................. 9 2.2. Le Mal au féminin, la méchante................................................................................. 10 2.3. Une encyclopédie culturelle ....................................................................................... 12 2.4. Formation générale et MITIC .................................................................................... 14 2.5. Un conte merveilleux ................................................................................................. 15 2.6. Le schéma quinaire et la structure narrative............................................................... 16 2.7. Walt Disney, sa vie, ses méchantes............................................................................ 17 2.8. Pour terminer.............................................................................................................. 20 3. Problématique et questions de recherche...................................................................... 21 3.1. Problématique de recherche ....................................................................................... 21 3.2. Questions de recherche............................................................................................... 22 4. Méthodologie.................................................................................................................... 23 4.1. Une recherche qualitative, deux volets complémentaires de recherche..................... 23 4.2. Déroulement et démarche d’analyse .......................................................................... 25 4.2.1. Le volet filmographique...................................................................................... 25 a. Fiches techniques .................................................................................................. 27 b. Explicitation des items (grille vierge en annexe).................................................. 34 c. Grille d’analyse détaillée ...................................................................................... 35 4.2.2. Le volet pratique................................................................................................. 37 a. Choix de démarche................................................................................................ 37 b. Méthodologie de récolte et de traitement des données ......................................... 37 4.3. Déroulement de la recherche...................................................................................... 40 5. Analyse des personnages................................................................................................. 44 5.1. Analyse des grilles produites...................................................................................... 44 5.1.1. Blanche-Neige et les Sept Nains : la Reine......................................................... 44 a. Résumé de la fabula .............................................................................................. 44 b. Interprétation ........................................................................................................ 45 5.1.2. Cendrillon : la Marâtre ........................................................................................ 53 a. Résumé de la fabula .............................................................................................. 53 b. Interprétation ........................................................................................................ 54 5.1.3. La Belle au bois dormant : Maléfique................................................................. 61 a. Résumé de la fabula .............................................................................................. 61 b. Interprétation ........................................................................................................ 61 5.1.4. Merlin l’enchanteur : Madame Mim ................................................................... 72 a. Résumé
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