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Scientific Report 2005 / 2006 Max-Planck-Institut Für Eisenforschung Gmbh Max-Planck-Institut Für Eisenforschung Gmbh

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Scientific Report 2005 / 2006 Max-Planck-Institut Für Eisenforschung Gmbh Max-Planck-Institut Für Eisenforschung Gmbh Scientific Report 2005 / 2006 Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Scientific Report 2005/2006 December 2006 Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str. 1 · 40237 Düsseldorf Germany Front cover The SEM image reveals the morphology of melt-atomized and rapidly solidified eutectic iron-boron powder particles with composition Fe – 4wt.%B which experienced extre- mely high cooling rates of the order of 5·104 to 5·105 K/s by quenching in an argon inert gas jet. The small satellite particles of less than 3µm in size are in the amorphous state and have the composition Fe80B20. The „coarser“ powder particle consists of primarily solidified metastable borides Fe3B surrounded by a fine-grained eutectic of α iron and Fe3B borides. The metastable Fe3B crystals possess the orthorhombic D011 or tetragonal D0e crystal structures as determined by X-ray diffraction. In the centre of the borides the retained eutectic reveals a „Chinese script“ microstructure. Imprint Published by Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany Phone: +49-211-6792-0 Fax: +49-211-6792-440 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.mpie.de Editors Frank Stein Gerhard Sauthoff Graphics Petra Siegmund Layout and Typesetting Frank Stein Printed by Werbedruck GmbH Horst Schreckhase Spangenberg, Germany © December 2006 by Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf All rights reserved. PREFACE This report is part of a series summarising the scientific performance of the Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung. In particular, this volume covers the years 2005 and 2006. However, as this Scientific Report is also part of a Status Report presented to the President of the Max Planck Society every 6 years, the overviews of the departmental work given in Part II also include additional information on the years 2001 to 2004. Over the period of 6 years the institute has undergone a tremendous change. Nearly all of the existing scientific groups have been newly established and because of the ongoing major reconstruction of the institute all laboratories can be regarded as new. Most importantly, two of the directors, namely, Jörg Neugebauer and Anke Pyzalla have taken up their research in Düsseldorf during the last two years. As a result the scientific structure of the institute now differs largely from the period before 2000. Traditionally the institute has been divided into classical areas like metallurgy, forming, physical metallurgy, materials technology and surface properties. Today this traditional scheme has been given up. For instance a department for conventional metallurgy does not exist anymore and the department of materials technology will cease to exist at the end of 2008. The remaining departments have established a network-like structure with strong horizontal links. Each department has a strong scientific focus in itself, such as microstructures and mesoscopic modelling in the department of Dierk Raabe, ab-initio modelling in the department of Jörg Neugebauer, X-ray, neutron and synchrotron radiation based analytical techniques as diffraction and scattering in the department of Anke Pyzalla, and surface and interface science in the department of Martin Stratmann. In addition to these mainly departmental initiatives additional areas of common interest establish strong links between the departments. Each of these inter-departmental research fields is coordinated by one of the department heads. The areas are New Structural Materials (Anke Pyzalla), Microstructure-Related Materials Properties (Dierk Raabe), Stability of Surfaces and Interfaces (Martin Stratmann) and Scale-Bridging Simulation of Materials (Jörg Neugebauer). The institute is convinced that this matrix-like structure stimulates cooperation between the departments and furthermore is the adequate structure for the development and characterisation of new structural materials which in fact is the main focus of the institute’s mission. It is expected that after fully establishing all departments this kind of interaction will dominate the institute’s daily life. This report consists of four parts: - Part I deals with the organization of the institute including a short section on the recent developments as well as brief descriptions of the large-scaled and networking projects, outstanding laboratories and the central facilities of the institute. - Part II and Part III cover the research activities of the institute splitted into two parts. Part II gives a description of the departmental work and Part III contains selected papers which summarise major scientific achievements in the above mentioned four areas of common interest of the institute. - Part IV summarises the statistically relevant information of the institute. Martin Stratmann Düsseldorf, November 2006 CONTENTS PART I. THE INSTITUTE 7 Management of the Institute 9 Scientific Organization 10 Recent Developments 12 Large-scaled and Networking Projects 13 Outstanding Scientific Laboratories 25 Central Facilities 29 PART II. THE DEPARTMENTS 39 Department of Computational Materials Design 41 Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering 53 Department of Material Diagnostics and Steel Technology 71 Department of Materials Technology 75 Department of Microstructure Physics and Metal Forming 87 PART III. INTER-DEPARTMENTAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES - 103 SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS New Structural Materials 105 Microstructure-Related Materials Properties 129 Stability of Surfaces and Interfaces 153 Scale-Bridging Simulations of Materials 173 PART IV. GENERAL INFORMATION AND STATISTICS 199 Boards, Scientific Members, Heads of Departments, and 201 Scientists at the Institute Scientific Honours 207 Participtation in Research Programmes 209 Collaborations with Research Institutes and Industrial Partners 212 Patents 219 Conferences, Symposia, and Meetings Organized by the Institute 220 Institute Colloquia and Invited Seminar Lectures 222 Lectures and Teaching at University 228 Oral and Poster Presentations 230 Publications 253 Habilitation, Doctoral, Diploma, Master, and Bachelor Theses 263 Budget of the Institute 265 Personnel Structure 266 The Institute in Public 268 PART I. THE INSTITUTE Management of the Institute 9 Scientific Organization 10 Recent Developments 12 Large-Scaled and Networking Projects 13 International Max Planck Research School SurMat 13 Triple M - Max Planck Inititative on Multiscale Materials 15 Modeling of Condensed Matter The Nature of Laves Phases – An Inter-Institutional Research 17 Initiative of the Max Planck Society Computational Mechanics of Polycrystals - CMCn – Joint Research 19 Group of Max Planck Society and Fraunhofer Society Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational 21 Engineering Science (AICES) Christian Doppler Laboratory for Polymer / Metal Interfaces 23 Outstanding Scientific Laboratories 25 High Resolution 2D and 3D Orientation Microscopy in SEM and TEM 25 T UHV Laboratoriy for in-situ Investigations 26 H Rapid Solidification Laboratory 27 E High-Performance Computer Cluster 28 I Central Facilities 29 N S T Materials Preparation 29 I Metallography 31 T Chemical Analysis 32 U Computer Network Centre 33 T Electronics Workshop 34 E Technical Services 35 Library 37 Administration 38 Management of the Institute The Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung (MPIE) Since 2002, all scientific members of the institute is a joint venture between the Max Planck Society and form an executive board of directors. The position of the Steel Institute VDEh. Since half of the institute’s a managing director will be filled, in rotation, by one budget is supplied indirectly through industry, this of the board members. A board, which supervises the institute is unique within the Max Planck Society. institution’s activities, consists of representatives from the federal government, the state of North Rhine- The institute was founded in 1917 by the Verein Westphalia, the Max Planck Society and the Steel Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute (VDEh) and incorporated Institute VDEh. A Scientific Advisory Board comprised into the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft, the predecessor of prominent scientists assists the institute in finding of the Max Planck Society. The institute was first the right balance between fundamental research and located in Aachen and was associated with the technological relevance. Technical University of Aachen. The institute later From 1971 until the present, the institute has opera- moved in 1934/35 to its present location on a site ted on the legal basis of a limited liability company donated by the city of Düsseldorf. (GmbH) and its budget is equally covered by the In 1946, the institute’s heavily damaged buildings Steel Institute VDEh and the Max Planck Society. were reconstructed, work resumed and the institute Nearly 100 employees on permanent positions in- was incorporated into the Max Planck Society. cluding scientists, technicians and administrative The institute rapidly expanded and new laboratory staff are working at the institute, and an additional buildings were erected in the early 1960s. Following 100 scientists are financially supported through third the appointment of H.J. Engell as director in 1971, a party funds and scholarships. complete reorganization of the institute was carried Since 2000, the institute is again under reconstruc- out. Up to 2002, the institute was headed by a tion. While currently the third stage of reconstruction chief executive director (1971-1990: Prof. Engell, is running
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