Update of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan of the Czech
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III. April 2017 Update of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan of the Czech Republic pursuant to Article 24(2) of Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency Contents 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................3 2 Overview of national energy efficiency targets and savings .............................. 10 2.1 National 2020 energy efficiency targets ...................................................... 10 2.2 Other energy efficiency targets ................................................................... 12 2.3 Savings in primary energy consumption and final energy consumption ..... 16 2.4 Final energy savings pursuant to Article 4 of Directive 2996/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council .......................................... 18 3 Policy measures to implement the Directive...................................................... 21 3.1 Horizontal measures ................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Energy efficiency obligation schemes and alternative measures ......... 21 3.1.2 Energy audits and energy management systems ................................ 32 3.1.3 Metering and billing .............................................................................. 37 3.1.4 Consumer awareness programmes and professional training programmes ......................................................................................... 39 3.1.5 Availability of qualification, accreditation and certification schemes ..... 40 3.1.6 Energy services .................................................................................... 41 3.1.7 Other energy efficiency measures of a horizontal nature ......................... 46 3.2 Energy efficiency of buildings ..................................................................... 46 3.2.1 Building Renovation Strategy ............................................................... 46 3.2.2 Further improvements in the energy efficiency of buildings .................... 49 3.3 Energy performance of the buildings of public bodies ................................ 52 3.3.1 Buildings of central government institutions ......................................... 52 3.3.2 Buildings of other public bodies ............................................................ 58 3.3.3 Purchasing by public bodies ................................................................. 61 3.4 Further measures to improve energy efficiency in industry and transport ... 62 3.4.1 Measures in industry ............................................................................ 62 1 3.4.2 Measures to promote energy efficiency in transport ............................. 64 3.5 Promotion of efficient heating and cooling .................................................. 66 3.5.1 Comprehensive assessment ................................................................ 66 3.5.2 Other measures for efficient heating and cooling ................................. 68 3.6 Energy transformation, transmission, distribution, and demand response ..................................................................................................... 70 3.6.1 Energy efficiency criteria for network tariffs and regulations associated with network use ................................................................ 70 3.6.2 Facilitation and promotion of demand response ................................... 72 4 List of annexes .................................................................................................. 74 Annex 1: List of alternative policy measures according to Article 7 and prediction of the energy savings in final consumption made by such measures .. 75 Annex 2: Detailed description of individual energy-saving measures under Article 7 ...................................................................................................... 78 Annex 3: Methodology for reporting energy savings achieved by means of alternative policy measures ................................................................................ 151 Annex 4: Building renovation strategy ................................................................ 169 Annex 5: Assessment of the potential for high-efficiency cogeneration and efficient district heating and cooling for the Czech Republic ....................... 217 2 1 Introduction Developments in the energy intensity of the Czech economy Energy intensity is one of the factors affecting the competitiveness of undertakings, as well as the economy as a whole. The period up to 1989 was characterised by high energy intensity of the economy, and in particular industry. This situation was the result of under- investing in production installations, giving priority to the development of heavy industry and state-regulated energy pricing that did not reflect global changes. The economic transformation after 1989 included a sharp increase in energy efficiency. Due to the changes in the structure of the economy, the Czech Republic is rapidly catching up with the EU average in terms of energy efficiency. At the same time, however, it must be noted that this change is accompanied by two contradictory processes (the ‘rebound effect’). Reducing the technological intensity of the economy is accompanied by an increase in the standard of living of the population, which is below the levels of developed Western European countries. As the standard of living rises, the consumption of energy by households is going up as a result of improved housing conditions. If we compare the period during which the economy’s energy intensity deteriorated (about 50 years) with the period since the transformation to a market economy began (about 25 years), we find that energy efficiency improvements have been very swift and that substantial progress has been achieved. The downward trend in energy intensity since 1990 has been uninterrupted. The energy intensity of the Czech economy has fallen by 30% since 2000. The rate at which energy intensity has fallen since 1990 (2.5% at PPP, IEA Czech Republic 2010 Review) is one of the fastest in Europe (the European average during that period was 1.5%). In 2000, the energy intensity of the economy reached 560 GJ / CZK million; in contrast, in 2015 it stood at 389 GJ / CZK million. Despite the increasing energy efficiency, the Czech Republic has the third most energy intensive economy among the EU member states. The energy intensity of the Czech economy is more than twice the EU average. Broken down by sector, industry accounts for the largest share of the economy’s energy intensity. This is followed by the transport and housing sectors. The energy intensity of industry has been consistently decreasing, the energy consumption in this sector having fallen by 17% compared to 2004. On the other hand, consumption in the housing and services sectors was relatively stable; in contrast, energy intensity in transport varied considerably. The energy consumption in transport increased year-on-year in 2013-2015. This increase was due to an increase in industrial production over the period, the consequent increase in exports of manufactured goods and the resulting increase in freight and rail transport demand. In addition to the impact of industry on energy consumption in the transport sector, account must also be taken of the fact that the transport sector itself has recently increased its contribution to gross domestic product creation, which explains the increased energy consumption. 3 The relatively higher energy intensity of the Czech economy is due to the fact that despite the transformation of the economy, the share of industry (including the energy sector) in gross value added remains at about 30%. The share of heavy industry (e.g. metallurgy and mechanical engineering) is large in the Czech Republic. 4 Source: Eurostat 5 Source: Eurostat 6 Source: Eurostat 7 Source: Eurostat Source: Eurostat 8 State of play and the situation of the Czech energy sector The national energy sector has undergone long-term development. The Czech Republic has made considerable progress in the energy sector in recent years. The OECD particularly appreciates the efforts of the Czech government to improve its energy and climate policies, progress in providing for oil and gas security, a significant shift in the liberalisation of the electricity market, and its contribution to the development of the electricity market in the Central European region. At present, however, the Czech Republic is obliged to implement policies addressing, in particular, energy efficiency. The Czech transmission system is strongly interconnected with all neighbouring countries. The total disposable transmission capacity in relation to the maximum load of the Czech Republic is more than 35% in the export and 30% in the import direction; in addition, an increasing amount of electricity in the north–south direction transits over the transmission system, equivalent to up to 30% of the maximum load of the Czech Republic. Domestic primary energy sources cover more than 50 % of the Czech Republic's current energy consumption. The Czech Republic's energy import dependency level (including nuclear fuel) is therefore under 50% and thus one of the lowest in the EU. The current EU average is approximately 60%. In terms of sources, the Czech Republic is fully self-sufficient in the production of electricity and heat. The Czech energy sector is dominated by coal,