High Bandwidth Brain-Machine Implants to Recover from a Paralytical Stroke

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

High Bandwidth Brain-Machine Implants to Recover from a Paralytical Stroke INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 High Bandwidth Brain-Machine Implants To Recover From A Paralytical Stroke V.G.Hamsaveni, T.Monesh Kanth Abstract: The objective is to inculcate an artificial intelligence which drives the mechanical implantable brain computer interface which can rehabilate after a stroke as the paralysis is a uncurable and it takes lot of time till today and the recovery is based on their brain triggering this process includes special for rehabilitation where the neural chips inculcate the learning process by cognitive science. This system includes neural chip which its layer is implanted into the brain and monitored through the EEG signals. The system mainly built to induce the inactive nerves and after a stroke this process of inducing brain is studied in many phisiotherapical practices. This method involves the neural chips which are maintained by the AI data sets which induces the inactive cerebral nerve that will make the physically disabled person to rehabiliate. Index Terms: Brain Computer Interfaces,BCI,BMI, Neural-chips, AI ,EEG . ———————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION 3. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION The method of creating Artificial intelligence which could induce the inactive nerves after a stroke. The theoretical and 3.1. System Architecture observed approach on the ongoing researchers proves that an The propounded system architecture is built with the cognitive external device can induce inactive nerves and this approach science where the modules such as AI, neuro science and can inculcate an external device based on the EEG signal that linguistics. can make a brain computer interface comprises performing a training exercise, measuring a user potential and 3.1.1 BCI neural implanting technique understanding capability through a exercise, by mapping through the surgery the brain is made to opened and the specific signals of the user's brain signals to predefined tasks implant is placed on the brain and through the utah electrodes which can induce the inactive parts of a brain, and creating an are attached to the cortex of the brain which is capable of artificial intelligence comprising the user's brain signals establishing an constant communication with the brain- mapped through the EEG signals. The AI created can be used machine prosthesis. It records the cranial nerve pulse through in a method of creating a brain computer interface for a user the EEG signals and the system is made up of an propounded for an inhibitive learning process. This method comprises approach in order to make it more secure the BCI implant can accessing a user interface through a device comprising the be only active on one machine. This method of approach is user brain signals through EEG which mapps the current followed in the cognitive science to collect the data and store it strength of the brain signals, which further is maintained as a in a machine. constant database which an application profile is managed which comprises based on the signals obtained further the AI 3.1.2 Wireless power transfer (WPT) datasets are made to be trained and further the inactive nerves are triggered which createsa brain computer interface the wireless power transfer technique can be used to powerup accordingly. the device this approach is totally based on the electromagentic power through transmitter of WPT to the 2.RELATED WORK neural implant reciever inside the brain The system is made up of cognitive science which specifically is used to collect the data from the brain through EEG signals 3.1.3 Silicon/Graphene nano battery it is a method of rehabilitative physiotherapy which can be the system is made up of a tiny 1nm sized silicon/graphene used to trigger the inactive nerves with the external pulses based approach which is capable of functioning for weeks this there-in the system is characterized in:, comprises a with the approach is made possible through the nano implants structure (1), BCI implanting technique (2) Wireless power technique where the whole machine acts as a juice-up device transfer (WPT) (3), silicon/graphene battery (4) wireless for the implant. transmission through the connected machine (5),Inbuilt AI datasets (6), Triggering pulse generator (7), Neural chipset 3.1.4 wireless transmission to the connected machine (8),Rehabilation built in data sets (9), Removal method of connection based on the reciever and computer is made implants (10), the left/right thigh Triggering (11), the left/right wireless the pulse of the cerbral neural cells are analyzed and knee joint triggering the external output is made to display on a machine this makes an platform for the datasets to train based on the brain implant technique and the process is carried out with an high bandwidth BCI’s or neural chips which are implanted in the ———————————————— brain which helps in monitoring the data from the signals Hamsaveni, Associate professor, SITAMS, Chittoor, India. obtained using the electroencephalogram technique. [email protected] E-mail: Monesh kanth, Student, SITAMS, Chittoor, India. E-mail: [email protected] 3.1.5 Inbuilt AI datasets the datasets are analyzed from the electroencephalography technique where the data is stored in the form of analyzed 3070 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 and structured data. The datasets are analyzed on a machine 3.2 Implementation and then the inactive cerebral cortex nerves are induced by The implementation technique for the present invention the triggering technique. provides a competitive game is less than the artificial intelligence which requires the cognitive science of the 3.1.6 Triggering the implant External triggering is passed through the brain implants which triggers striatum in the brain which triggers the inactive cells in order to re-activate an inactive nerve the external triggering can be applied the implanted electrode array makes the device to work and it makes the de-activated nerves to work properly. 3.1.7 Neural chipset an neural chipset is manufactured in a nano scale which comprises of probe electrodes which is used to implant the chipset silicon LSI chip placed on a flexible film makes the implant more flexible and through the antenna neural signals are carried out to the device. This chipset comprises the WPT(Wireless Power Transfer) which triggers the implant which is placed in the brain through the transfer of power. The signals are sent to the probes through high bandwidth which can give the power to the internal neural implant. 3.1.8 Rehabilation built in data sets Based on the generated pulsated signals from EEG the data sets are trained on particular area where the rehabilation is nessesary and the analyzed datasets are instructed to induce the infuctionality of that particular area where the triggering should be done. The particular trained datasets using artificial propounded system dedicated rehabilitative process. intelligence will be sent to the implant and the replacement of damaged can be recovered. Fig 1 Schematic sketch of the implanting process with the implant on with the prosthetic design. 3.1.9 Removal method of implants removing method can be done by removing the splitting the This research is a competitive process of the rehabilitative cortex area but this technique is not preferable. This device in physiotherapical induction of brain -machine interface the brain will not cause any disfunctions the strip will be made specifically cognitive science implantable BCI’s system, to off and it will act as another layer which is covering the comprises a implant, wireless power transfer (WPT), the brain. silicon/graphene nanobattery, a central processing machine, right thigh triggering system, the left knee joint triggering. the 3.1.10 the left/right thigh Triggering internal system is provided with a nano battery pack which the cervical vertibrae C1-C8 (the nerve in Brain) to the lumbar recieves wireless power supply system according to the BCI vertibrae L1-L5 (the thigh nerve) both the nerves connects the implant,the implant is powered up and it monitors the cereral BCI implant which identifies the inactive nerve where the blood functionality through the electro encephalography where a flow is not available the triggering is done this activates the central processing machine works on the brain implant, the inactive nerve and this process cures the thigh portion by total power intake is totally based on the power consumed on passing high bangwidth triggering pulses to the brain. a single charge the wireless power is transmitted , the research based on bci implants for the paralysis stroke 3.1.11 the left/right knee joint triggering rehabilation is mainly used for the patients who wants to the cervical vertibrae C1-C8 (the nerve in Brain) to the sacral recover from a stroke this includes artificial intelligence based vertibrae S1-S4 (the knee joint nerve) both the nerves on cognitive science rehabilitation techniques. The implantable connects the BCI implant which identifies the inactive nerve BCI implants controlled by artificial intelligence system may where the blood flow is not available the triggering is done this allow the training data sets to be more complex and analyzing activates the inactive nerve and this process cures the thigh their paths by markov decision process where implant is portion by passing high bangwidth triggering pulses to the instructed by certain defined algorithms and that triggers the brain.Fig 1: Device fabrication process flow. A) Metal data sets into the inactive nerves. The present invention electrodes and traces are patterned on glass. B) Polyimide is cognitive science based implantables for Brain machine used as a passivation layer for the traces. C) A polystyrene interfaces which triggers the impulsive response of the cervical well and Omnetics connector are attached.
Recommended publications
  • Neural Lace" Company
    5 Neuroscience Experts Weigh in on Elon Musk's Mysterious "Neural Lace" Company By Eliza Strickland (/author/strickland-eliza) Posted 12 Apr 2017 | 21:15 GMT Elon Musk has a reputation as the world’s greatest doer. He can propose crazy ambitious technological projects—like reusable rockets for Mars exploration and hyperloop tunnels for transcontinental rapid transit—and people just assume he’ll pull it off. So his latest venture, a new company called Neuralink that will reportedly build brain implants both for medical use and to give healthy people superpowers, has gotten the public excited about a coming era of consumer­friendly neurotech. Even neuroscientists who work in the field, who know full well how difficult it is to build working brain gear that passes muster with medical regulators, feel a sense of potential. “Elon Musk is a person who’s going to take risks and inject a lot of money, so it will be exciting to see what he gets up to,” says Thomas Oxley, a neural engineer who has been developing a medical brain implant since 2010 (he hopes to start its first clinical trial in 2018). Neuralink is still mysterious. An article in The Wall Street Journal (https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon­musk­launches­ neuralink­to­connect­brains­with­computers­1490642652) announced the company’s formation and first hires, while also spouting vague verbiage about “cranial computers” that would Image: iStockphoto serve as “a layer of artificial intelligence inside the brain.” So IEEE Spectrum asked the experts about what’s feasible in this field, and what Musk might be planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Superhuman Enhancements Via Implants: Beyond the Human Mind
    philosophies Article Superhuman Enhancements via Implants: Beyond the Human Mind Kevin Warwick Office of the Vice Chancellor, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; [email protected] Received: 16 June 2020; Accepted: 7 August 2020; Published: 10 August 2020 Abstract: In this article, a practical look is taken at some of the possible enhancements for humans through the use of implants, particularly into the brain or nervous system. Some cognitive enhancements may not turn out to be practically useful, whereas others may turn out to be mere steps on the way to the construction of superhumans. The emphasis here is the focus on enhancements that take such recipients beyond the human norm rather than any implantations employed merely for therapy. This is divided into what we know has already been tried and tested and what remains at this time as more speculative. Five examples from the author’s own experimentation are described. Each case is looked at in detail, from the inside, to give a unique personal experience. The premise is that humans are essentially their brains and that bodies serve as interfaces between brains and the environment. The possibility of building an Interplanetary Creature, having an intelligence and possibly a consciousness of its own, is also considered. Keywords: human–machine interaction; implants; upgrading humans; superhumans; brain–computer interface 1. Introduction The future life of superhumans with fantastic abilities has been extensively investigated in philosophy, literature and film. Despite this, the concept of human enhancement can often be merely directed towards the individual, particularly someone who is deemed to have a disability, the idea being that the enhancement brings that individual back to some sort of human norm.
    [Show full text]
  • Coalcrashsinksminegiant
    For personal non-commercial use only. Do not edit or alter. Reproductions not permitted. To reprint or license content, please contact our reprints and licensing department at +1 800-843-0008 or www.djreprints.com Jeffrey Herbst A Fare Change Facebook’s Algorithm For Business Fliers Is a News Editor THE MIDDLE SEAT | D1 OPINION | A15 ASSOCIATED PRESS ***** THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 2016 ~ VOL. CCLXVII NO. 87 WSJ.com HHHH $3.00 DJIA 17908.28 À 187.03 1.1% NASDAQ 4947.42 À 1.55% STOXX 600 343.06 À 2.5% 10-YR. TREAS. À 6/32 , yield 1.760% OIL $41.76 g $0.41 GOLD $1,246.80 g $12.60 EURO $1.1274 YEN 109.32 What’s Migrants Trying to Leave Greece Meet Resistance at Border Big Bank’s News Earnings Business&Finance Stoke Optimism .P. Morgan posted bet- Jter-than-expected re- sults, delivering a reassur- BY EMILY GLAZER ing report on its business AND PETER RUDEGEAIR and the U.S. economy. A1 The Dow climbed 187.03 J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. de- points to 17908.28, its high- livered a reassuring report on est level since November, as the state of U.S. consumers J.P. Morgan’s earnings ignited and corporations Wednesday, gains in financial shares. C1 raising hopes that strength in the economy will help banks Citigroup was the only offset weakness in their Wall bank whose “living will” plan Street trading businesses. wasn’t rejected by either the Shares of the New York Fed or the FDIC, while Wells bank, which reported better- Fargo drew a rebuke.
    [Show full text]
  • Maybe Not--But You Can Have Fun Trying
    12/29/2010 Can You Live Forever? Maybe Not--But… Permanent Address: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=e-zimmer-can-you-live-forever Can You Live Forever? Maybe Not--But You Can Have Fun Trying In this chapter from his new e-book, journalist Carl Zimmer tries to reconcile the visions of techno-immortalists with the exigencies imposed by real-world biology By Carl Zimmer | Wednesday, December 22, 2010 | 14 comments Editor's Note: Carl Zimmer, author of this month's article, "100 Trillion Connections," has just brought out a much-acclaimed e-book, Brain Cuttings: 15 Journeys Through the Mind (Scott & Nix), that compiles a series of his writings on neuroscience. In this chapter, adapted from an article that was first published in Playboy, Zimmer takes the reader on a tour of the 2009 Singularity Summit in New York City. His ability to contrast the fantastical predictions of speakers at the conference with the sometimes more skeptical assessments from other scientists makes his account a fascinating read. Let's say you transfer your mind into a computer—not all at once but gradually, having electrodes inserted into your brain and then wirelessly outsourcing your faculties. Someone reroutes your vision through cameras. Someone stores your memories on a net of microprocessors. Step by step your metamorphosis continues until at last the transfer is complete. As engineers get to work boosting the performance of your electronic mind so you can now think as a god, a nurse heaves your fleshy brain into a bag of medical waste. As you —for now let's just call it "you"—start a new chapter of existence exclusively within a machine, an existence that will last as long as there are server farms and hard-disk space and the solar power to run them, are "you" still actually you? This question was being considered carefully and thoroughly by a 43-year-old man standing on a giant stage backed by high black curtains.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multi-Channel, Impedance-Matching, Wireless, Passive Recorder for Medical Applications (2019 Version)
    A Multi-Channel, Impedance-Matching, Wireless, Passive Recorder for Medical Applications (2019 Version) Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Wei-Chuan Chen, B.Eng. Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee: Asimina Kiourti, Co-Advisor John L. Volakis, Co-Advisor Liang Guo Daniel Rivers © Copyright by Wei-Chuan Chen 2019 Abstract This dissertation presents a new technology for batteryless and wireless neu- rorecording system which can be applied clinically. Two clinical issues of this type of neural implant are the 1) multichannel operation and 2) high impedance and DC voltage offset from the brain electrode impedance. To resolve these two problems, one wireless multichannel system and one brain electrode interface impedance-matching system are proposed respectively. To achieve multichannel operation, one photo- activated multiplexer is employed in the implant circuit. The interrogator additionally sends an infrared control signal for channel selection. Experimental results show that the proposed neuropotential recorder exhibits 20 µVpp sensitivity at all eight channels. The system is also in compliance with the strictest Federal Communications Com- mission standards for patient safety. Notably, the proposed approach is scalable to a much higher number of channels. On the other hand, to mitigate the high impedance and DC voltage offset of the brain-electrode interface, one self-biasing PNP Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is adopted in the brain circuits. This self-biasing PNP BJT increases the overall system's impedance and maintains the system sensitivity while the high impedance is present.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Impact of an Active 3-D Microelectrode Array Implanted in the Brain Sohee Kim, Member, IEEE, Prashant Tathireddy, Richard A
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, VOL. 15, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2007 493 Thermal Impact of an Active 3-D Microelectrode Array Implanted in the Brain Sohee Kim, Member, IEEE, Prashant Tathireddy, Richard A. Normann, Member, IEEE, and Florian Solzbacher, Member, IEEE Abstract—A chronically implantable, wireless neural interface lism, or induce physiological abnormalities [1]–[4]. As an ex- device will require integrating electronic circuitry with the inter- treme clinical case, it is reported that a patient with an implanted facing microelectrodes in order to eliminate wired connections. deep brain stimulator (DBS) suffered significant brain damage Since the integrated circuit (IC) dissipates a certain amount of power, it will raise the temperature in surrounding tissues where it after diathermy treatment, and subsequently died [5], [6]. In is implanted. In this paper, the thermal influence of the integrated their study, postmortem examinations showed acute deteriora- 3-D Utah electrode array (UEA) device implanted in the brain was tion in the tissue near the lead electrodes of the DBS induced investigated by numerical simulation using finite element analysis by excessive tissue heating. Even more moderate temperature (FEA) and by experimental measurement in vitro as well as in increases in tissue can cause significant damage to various cel- vivo. The numerically calculated and experimentally measured temperature increases due to the UEA implantation were in lular functions. A temperature increase of more than 3 above good agreement. The experimentally validated numerical model normal body temperature has been reported to lead to physiolog- predicted that the temperature increases linearly with power ical abnormalities such as angiogenesis or necrosis [2].
    [Show full text]
  • A Closed-Loop Brain-Computer Interface Software for Research and Medical Applications
    The Braincon Platform Software – A Closed-Loop Brain-Computer Interface Software for Research and Medical Applications Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der technischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau vorgelegt von Jörg Daniel Fischer aus Oberndorf am Neckar Freiburg 08/2014 Dekan Prof. Dr. Georg Lausen Referenten Prof. Dr. Gerhard Schneider (Erstgutachter) Prof. Dr. Thomas Stieglitz (Zweitgutachter) Datum der Promotion 11. Mai 2015 ii iii Comment on References This work contains text and figures from Fischer, J., Milekovic, T., Schneider, G. and Mehring, C. (2014), “Low-latency multi-threaded pro-cessing of neuronal signals for brain-computer interfaces”, Frontiers in Neuroengineering, Vol. 7, p. 1, doi 10.3389/fneng.2014.00001 that were slightly adapted to fit in smoothly with the whole text. Such text passages are marked in cursive font in the text body and in cursive font in figure captions. This work also contains text and figures from Kohler, F., Fischer, J., Gierthmuehlen, M., Gkogkidis, A., Henle, C., Ball, T., Wang, X., Rickert, J., Stieglitz, T. and Schuettler, M., Long-term in vivo validation of a fully-implantable, wireless brain-computer interface for cortical recording and stimulation, in preparation that were slightly adapted to fit in smoothly with the whole text. Such text passages are marked in cursive font in the text body and in cursive serif font in figure captions. iv Zusammenfassung Gehirn-Computer Schnittstellen (brain-computer interfaces, BCIs) bieten eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit zur Wiederherstellung der Bewegungsfähigkeit von schwerstgelähmten Menschen, zur Kommunikation mit Patienten, die in ihrem eigenen Körper gefangen sind oder zur Verbesserung der Wirkung von Maßnahmen zur Schlaganfallsrehabilitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless, Battery-Free, and Fully Implantable Electrical
    Burton et al. Microsystems & Nanoengineering (2021) 7:62 Microsystems & Nanoengineering https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-021-00294-7 www.nature.com/micronano ARTICLE Open Access Wireless, battery-free, and fully implantable electrical neurostimulation in freely moving rodents Alex Burton1,SangMinWon 2, Arian Kolahi Sohrabi3, Tucker Stuart1, Amir Amirhossein1,JongUkKim4, ✉ ✉ ✉ Yoonseok Park 4, Andrew Gabros3,JohnA.Rogers 4,5,6,7,8,9 , Flavia Vitale10 ,AndrewG.Richardson 3 and ✉ Philipp Gutruf 1,11,12 Abstract Implantable deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems are utilized for clinical treatment of diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and chronic pain. However, long-term efficacy of DBS is limited, and chronic neuroplastic changes and associated therapeutic mechanisms are not well understood. Fundamental and mechanistic investigation, typically accomplished in small animal models, is difficult because of the need for chronic stimulators that currently require either frequent handling of test subjects to charge battery-powered systems or specialized setups to manage tethers that restrict experimental paradigms and compromise insight. To overcome these challenges, we demonstrate a fully implantable, wireless, battery-free platform that allows for chronic DBS in rodents with the capability to control stimulation parameters digitally in real time. The devices are able to provide stimulation over a wide range of frequencies with biphasic pulses and constant voltage control via low-impedance, surface-engineered platinum electrodes. The devices utilize off-the-shelf components and feature the ability to customize electrodes to enable 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; broad utility and rapid dissemination. Efficacy of the system is demonstrated with a readout of stimulation-evoked neural activity in vivo and chronic stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in freely moving rats to evoke characteristic head motion for over 36 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain-Computer Interfaces: U.S. Military Applications and Implications, an Initial Assessment
    BRAIN- COMPUTER INTERFACES U.S. MILITARY APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT ANIKA BINNENDIJK TIMOTHY MARLER ELIZABETH M. BARTELS Cover design: Peter Soriano Cover image: Adobe Stock/Prostock-studio Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2996. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0523-4 © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation Summary points of failure, adversary access to new informa- tion, and new areas of exposure to harm or avenues Brain-computer interface (BCI) represents an emerg- of influence of service members. It also underscores ing and potentially disruptive area of technology institutional vulnerabilities that may arise, includ- that, to date, has received minimal public discussion ing challenges surrounding a deficit of trust in BCI in the defense and national security policy commu- technologies, as well as the potential erosion of unit nities. This research considered key areas in which cohesion, unit leadership, and other critical inter- future BCI technologies might be relevant for the personal military relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • FLEXIBLE NEURAL PROBES with a FAST BIORESORBABLE SHUTTLE: from in Vitro to in Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings
    Flexible neural probes with a fast bioresorbable shuttle : From in vitro to in vivo electrophysiological recordings Jolien Pas To cite this version: Jolien Pas. Flexible neural probes with a fast bioresorbable shuttle : From in vitro to in vivo elec- trophysiological recordings. Other. Université de Lyon, 2017. English. NNT : 2017LYSEM040. tel-01852012 HAL Id: tel-01852012 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01852012 Submitted on 31 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°d’ordre NNT : 2017LYSEM040 THESE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON opérée au sein de l’Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne Ecole Doctorale N° 488 Sciences, Ingénierie, Santé Spécialité de doctorat : Microélectronique Discipline : Bioelectronique Soutenue publiquement/à huis clos le 11/12/2017, par : Jolien Pas Flexible neural probes with a fast bioresorbable shuttle From in vitro to in vivo electrophysiological recordings Devant le jury composé de : Lang, Jochen Professeur Université de Bordeaux Président du Jury et Reporteur Green, Rylie Professeur associé L’imperial
    [Show full text]
  • Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology
    philosophies Article Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology Woodrow Barfield 1 and Alexander Williams 2,* 1 Professor Emeritus, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98105, USA; [email protected] 2 140 BPW Club Rd., Apt E16, Carrboro, NC 27510, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-919-548-1393 Academic Editor: Jordi Vallverdú Received: 12 October 2016; Accepted: 2 January 2017; Published: 16 January 2017 Abstract: As we move deeper into the twenty-first century there is a major trend to enhance the body with “cyborg technology”. In fact, due to medical necessity, there are currently millions of people worldwide equipped with prosthetic devices to restore lost functions, and there is a growing DIY movement to self-enhance the body to create new senses or to enhance current senses to “beyond normal” levels of performance. From prosthetic limbs, artificial heart pacers and defibrillators, implants creating brain–computer interfaces, cochlear implants, retinal prosthesis, magnets as implants, exoskeletons, and a host of other enhancement technologies, the human body is becoming more mechanical and computational and thus less biological. This trend will continue to accelerate as the body becomes transformed into an information processing technology, which ultimately will challenge one’s sense of identity and what it means to be human. This paper reviews “cyborg enhancement technologies”, with an emphasis placed on technological enhancements to the brain and the creation of new senses—the benefits of which may allow information to be directly implanted into the brain, memories to be edited, wireless brain-to-brain (i.e., thought-to-thought) communication, and a broad range of sensory information to be explored and experienced.
    [Show full text]
  • Wordperfect Office Document
    THE INTERNET OF BODIES ANDREA M. MATWYSHYN* ABSTRACT This Article introduces the ongoing progression of the Internet of Things (IoT) into the Internet of Bodies (IoB)—a network of human bodies whose integrity and functionality rely at least in part on the Internet and related technologies, such as artificial intelligence. IoB devices will evidence the same categories of legacy security flaws that have plagued IoT devices. However, unlike most IoT, IoB technolo- gies will directly, physically harm human bodies—a set of harms courts, legislators, and regulators will deem worthy of legal redress. As such, IoB will herald the arrival of (some forms of) corporate software liability and a new legal and policy battle over the integrity of the human body and mind. Framing this integrity battle in light of current regulatory approaches, this Article offers a set of specific innovation-sensitive proposals to bolster corporate conduct safe- guards through regulatory agency action, contract, tort, intellectual property, and secured transactions and bankruptcy. Yet, the challenges of IoB are not purely legal in nature. The social integration of IoB will also not be seamless. As bits and bodies meld and as human flesh becomes permanently entwined with hardware, * Associate Dean of Innovation and Professor of Law and Engineering Policy, Penn State Law (University Park); Professor of Engineering Design, Penn State Engineering; Founding Director Penn State Policy Innovation Lab of Tomorrow (PILOT); Affiliate Scholar, Center for Internet and Society, Stanford
    [Show full text]