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Tripura Towards Prosperity

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Tripura Towards Prosperity TRIPURA TOWARDS PROSPERITY Workshop on “Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Allied Sectors in North East” 27th to 29th March 2011, Pragna Bhawan, Pandit Nehru complex, Agartala. GOVERNMENT OF TRIPURA Department of Agriculture CONTENTS History of Agriculture in Tripura 1 Agriculture Profile of Tripura 4 Recent initiatives by the State Government 14 Significant Achievements 17 Yield maximization of Rice with less input and Investment 17 Production of HYV certified Seeds 24 Development of Irrigation 28 Floriculture - A blooming enterprise 30 Staggering of Pineapple - New hope to the producer 32 True Potato Seed (TPS) - A revolution in Potato Cultivation 35 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN TRIPURA Tripura, one of the smallest cultivation, was practiced in the states in the country is situated in the hillyareas as the only form of South-West corner of North Eastern agriculture. region of India and lies approximately in between 210-50' N Latitude and 910 The plough cultivation was -10' E Longitude. The name Tripura is probably introduced in Tripura during th believed to be coined from two Kokborok 15 century A.D. when the plain land words ‘twi’ and ‘pra’ meaning ‘water’ cultivators from adjoining districts of and ‘near’ respectively. It is believed Bengal came to this State. The Jhumias that the land was originally known as coming in contacts with immigrants “Twipra” meaning ‘a land near water’. learnt the benefits of plough cultivation It is believed that in ancient times the and became interested in owning land Bay of Bengal had its shores near for cultivation. This was evident from Tripura. a step taken by the then Maharaja of this State in 1913 T.E. (1930 A.D.) that The State was mainly hilly and he kept 28,490 hectares in Khowai extensively covered with forest during Sub-Division called “Kalyanpur the erstwhile Maharaja’s time and Reserve” for settlement of Jhumias. ‘Jhum’ popularly known as Shifting Subsequently the reserved areas for - 1 - Jhumia settlement was increased Husbandry, and Fisheries were being substantially in 1941. looked after by a small setup headed by one Superintendent. A Director of In 1895, Maharaja Birchandra Agriculture was appointed for the first Manikaya created an Agriculture wing time in 1950. He was assisted by a in his Ministry for encouraging people group of Officers of Agriculture and in settled Agriculture as well as Animal allied disciplines. In the year 1959, Husbandry, Fishery and Sericulture as Department of Animal Husbandry was these were the main source of carved out from the Department of livelihood. Shri Banga Chandra Agriculture with its own setup. Bhattacharjee was appointed as the chief of the Agriculture wing which was In the year 1963 the Department saw its first expansion by way of housed in the Lalbari (Red Mahal) of creation of three zone of operation the palace, for the first time. The namely Central Zone, North Zone and Minister in-charge of Education during South Zone with its headquarters at that period even wanted to include Agartala, Dharmanagar and Udaipur. agriculture in the curricula of senior Subsequently during 1970 these Zonal classes of the schools of the State. Offices were re-designated as District The Princely State acceded to the Offices co-terminating with the Indian union on 15th October, 1949 as administrative districts. The district a Union territory and attained offices were headed by a Deputy statehood in the year 1972. Before Director of Agriculture along with attaining Statehood the developmental supporting technical officers and activities of Agriculture, Animal ministerial staff. - 2 - With the rising population the started functioning as an independent demand for better service in the field Department. In the year 1983 further of agriculture and allied sectors was felt seven Agriculture Sub Divisions were which made way for the extensive created bringing the total number of expansion of the concerned Agriculture Sub Divisions to departments up to the grass-root level. 17(seventeen). Presently the total number of Agriculture Sub Divisions The year 1973 saw the expansion of the stands at 22(twenty two). Agriculture Department at the Sub Division level supported by Agricultural The good agro-climatic Sectors, each sector comprises of 10- conditions, deep fertile soils, sub- 15 Gram Panchayets. Ten Agricultural tropical humid climate with abundance Sub Divisions co-terminus with the of rainfall offer tremendous scope for Revenue Sub divisions of the state were development of Horticulture sector in set up. Each Agriculture Sub Division the state. To tap the immense potential of Horticulture and Plantation crops in office was headed by a Superintendent the state as well the urgent need for of Agriculture supported by appropriate undertaking soil and water technical and ministerial staffs and conservation activities has resulted in Agricultural Sector Offices headed by creation of a separate Directorate for Agriculture Graduates as Sector Horticulture and Soil conservation in Officers to facilitate effective the year 1985 and a State Land Use implementation of all development Board in the year 1988. The expansion programmes. Simultaneous the in the Horticultural sector was also services of all the Village Level Workers subsequently taken up with the setting who were working under the up of Subdivision level Horticulture and administrative control of the Block Soil conservation offices. Development Officer as per the The Department of Agriculture structure of Community Development since its inception not only saw the Programme were withdrawn and placed setting up of offices but a number of under the Superintendent of Seed production farms, progeny Agriculture. Each Agriculture Sub orchards along with State Agricultural Division was further divided into Research Station and Horticultural Agriculture Sectors comprising of VLW Research Station were set up. The state circles to ensure the delivery of services had also set up an Up-Graded Gram and facilities right up to farmers at the Sevak Training Centre way back in the grass-root level. In the year 1978 the year 1957 for imparting training to the discipline of Fishery was separated Village Level Workers on modern from the Agriculture Department and agricultural technology. - 3 - AGRICULTURE PROFILE OF TRIPURA The hilly State of Tripura has a use. The demographic features of geographical area of 10, 49, 169 population in Tripura based on the hectares. There are several parallel hill Census, 2001 also reflect on the ranges that run from North to South. increase in population density per Sq The alluvial plains of Tripura include km. which has gradually grown from the narrow valleys locally known as 148 in 1971 to 305 in 2001. “lungas” that lie between two hills mainly in the western part of Tripura. Tripura has very low level of These lungas are fertile and rice based urbanization combined with a very cropping system is followed. About 60% uneven regional distribution of of the total area of the State is classified population (a big divide between the as forest. The State has 6(six) major West District and the rest). Only 17 % rivers. A number of West, North and of the population is urban (national South –flowing rivers originate in the 20%). The proportion of rural hills of Tripura and flow into population to the total ranges from 73 Bangladesh. The riverbeds are shallow percent in the West District to an and narrow are not navigable. During overwhelming 94 percent in the Dhalai rainy season the rivers are in spate and district. The population of Tripura is flood their valleys although in winter characterized by social diversity. they almost run dry. Specifically, people of the Scheduled Tribe (ST) comprises about one-third Demographic Features : of the population. The population of the state since its accession to the Indian Union has Growth of Population in Tripura been consistently on the rise resulting Tripura India in the increasing demand for food grain. Census Decennial Decennial Population Population Information on the growth of year Growth Growth (in lakhs) (in lakhs) Rate (%) Rate (%) population is presented in the table. 1961 11.42 76.86 4392.3 21.64 With the rise in the population the 1971 15.56 36.28 5481.6 24.8 pressure on the land available for agriculture has raised immensely as 1981 20.53 31.92 6833.3 24.66 more and more agricultural land are 1991 27.57 34.3 8464.2 23.87 being converted into non agricultural 2001 31.99 16.03 10286.1 21.52 - 4 - Climate : Area, Production and Yield of crops during 2009-10 Yield in Area in Production Crops Kg/ ha or The state of Tripura enjoys a Hectares in MT bale/ha typical climate with variation ranging Aush Rice 21289 46619 2190 from sub–tropical to temperate Aman Rice 146488 406031 2772 conditions in hilly areas. The climate Jhum Rice 14552 14423 991 of Tripura exhibits a strong seasonal Boro Rice 63209 172961 2736 rhythm. The year is divided into 4 Total Rice 245538 640034 2607 characteristic seasons - Winter Maize 2018 2030 1006 (December–February), Pre-monsoon Wheat 667 1323 1984 Arhar 987 716 725 (March-April), Monsoon (May- Kharif Pulses 2388 1541 645 September), Post Monsoon (October – Rabi Pulses 2755 2066 750 November). The average annual rainfall Total Foodgrains 254353 647710 2547 in the state is 2,428 mm (Long Term Sesamum 1532 873 570 Average) The maximum and minimum Kharif Groundnut 236 255 1080 temperature during winter season are Rape & Mustard 1495 1147 767 270C and 110C and during summer Rabi Groundnut 187 208 1112 season are 330C and 230C Jute * 468 3777 8.07 respectively. The maximum and Mesta * 779 5633 7.24 minimum relative humidity is 85% and Cotton ** 965 1438 1.49 57% in the month of July and January Sugarcane 879 44913 51096 respectively. Potato 5682 94554 16641 * indicates Production in Bales of 180 Kg each.
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