The University of Edinburgh Magazine Issue 15 Winter 1998/99

now we are one A MEAL TO REMEMBER NEWS Page 34 and change. the 21st century Professor Kath Melia on nursing, Close Quotes Page 28 puts his faith to the test following the Iain TartanWhyte, Army. chaplain, University On a Wing and a Prayer Page 24 and gets some answers. Dorsey, asks Kristy ‘Informatics? What’s that?’, Talking Technology Page 18 says Professor Lindsay Paterson. and Scotland, the University time for House Institute of Education comes at a critical with Moray The merger STORY COVER Page 14 Allan Little witnesses the final days of the Mobutu regime. What Goes Around Comes Around Page 8 for Ian Rankin writes ‘Edit’. Inspector Rebus goes underground. The Acid Test 22 Page record. photographic Atkinson’sRobert SUMMER 1938 ST KILDA, Page 4 Now We Are One OMNIANA Page 32 Page 7 LETTERS 14 e evr DNO at: EDINFO, Web server, Edit is available of Edinburgh’s on the University Issue 15 Winter 1998/99 Magazine of Edinburgh The University Page 33 24 http://www.ed.ac.uk

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h nvriyo dnug 98 except where © The University of Edinburgh 1998, otherwise stated. No part of this publication may be may No part of this publication otherwise stated. reproduced in any form without the prior written consent of reproduced in any form the publishers. Edit is printed on environment-friendly low Edit is printed on environment-friendly the publishers. chlorine content paper. dt h nvriyo dnug aaie is published The University of Edinburgh Magazine, Edit, wc er The views expressed in its columns are those twice a year. of the contributors and do not necessarily represent those of of the contributors and do not necessarily the University. Tel 0131 535 5555 Fax 220 1203 EH2 4PF.Edinburgh Street Lane, 43 Queensferry the insider group, Sales Advertising Agent John de Shaw Ally Palmer, W. Panel Advisory of Edinburgh University Visual Resources,The Ross Gillespie, Tricia Malley, Photography of Edinburgh The University Neil Dalgleish for Visual Resources, Design Richard Mellis David Eccles, Assistant Editors Editor EH8 9BE Edinburgh 7-11 Nicolson Street, Centre, of Edinburgh The University Communications & Public Affairs, Publisher Anne McKelvie

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three edit 18 four A Warm Reception service under one roof. service the entire drawing Pollock, new premises at housed in the are now staff and operations All Services Accommodation visitors. vacation for both students and new era of excellence” of reception as the physical manifestation “a the new said he saw Terry Cole, Services, Director of Accommodation tion of the centre. Pollockstudents at Halls during the construc- of the for their consideration Balfour Beatty, with a special thanks to builders work, Leonard’s Hall. underused basement area in adjoining St the skilful conversion of previously incorporates commercial visitors alike, for students and top-level service designed to provide £1million building, The attended by staff and invited guests. in a special ceremony Dr Martin Lowe, to the University,opened by the Secretary Centre at Pollock Halls has been officially state-of-the-art Reception The new, News

Dr Lowe paid tribute to all involved in the Dr Lowe edit and a prosperous society. successful business, the devolved Scotland to good government, to research the potential contribution which business can make in commissioned by Scottish Power and Bank of Scotland The Royal been has already whole range of the University’s activities, play a leading research role. academics already of the University’stourism and transport - areas in which many law, social work, planning, local government, education, health, housing, affecting people in Scotland - jobs, range of matters The Parliament will deal with a on the way Scotland is governed. support the work of Parliament a major impact which will have at Holyrood. Parliament building will be adjacent to the University precincts and the new University’s New College on the Mound, located in the middle of Scotland’s Assembly Hall, It will be housed temporarily in the Church of doorstep. The Parliament will be on the University’s Scottish Parliament. to the remarkable range of expertise it can offer the new entry a single point of of Scotland Forum to provide the Governance The University has seized a unique opportunity in establishing the new Parliament The University and h oenneo ctadFrm which will encompass the The Governance of Scotland Forum, to Edinburgh is ready As Scotland’s leading research university, oor,and a rich diversity of images. colours, in brilliant jewel-like world, of the natural Smith. of artist Gary under the direction dedicated creative work, sents the culmination of three years’ and repre- Stepping Stones, Health Project, of Edinburgh University Settlement’s Mental The window has been made by users Centre. to the Chaplaincy Principal of the University, and presented by Sir Stewart Sutherland, glass window which was recently unveiled ‘The Cycle of Life’ is the title a stained The Cycle of Life The window depicts the variety and harmony The window members of the public. as well from commercial sources, Robertson Trust and other charitable the contributions from the University, and Scotland Objective 2 programme, through the Eastern Development Fund, million by the European Regional This includes a grant of just over £1 target. so far raised £4.5 million of the £5.7 which has successful fundraising campaign, schools. nary among hospitals run by the UK’s six veteri- which will make it unique wildlife ward, ward for exotic animals and a dedicated It will also provide a theatres. operating and four three general wards, rooms, four specialist treatment consulting rooms, be the largest of its kind in UK with eight It will for small animals. cures and treatment and search for new medicine in the future, vets to meet the demands of veterinary train small animals, techniques for treating throughout the UK. and vets who refer difficult cases from but also to pet owners surrounding areas, not only to the people of Edinburgh and which is unsurpassed in the UK, service offers a veterinary founder William Dick, Veterinary Medicine named after its the University’s Faculty of Dick Vet, The the Easter Bush Veterinary Centre. Vet’s new Hospital for Small Animals at for the Dick the topping-out ceremony Stewart Sutherland recently performed ‘Animal Hospital’ and the Principal Sir David Grant from BBC Television’s Dog’s Work The building has been the subject of a The new hospital will use the most modern who was delighted by the news, now works in the United States. now who was delighted by the news, Dr Park, and presented him with copies for his family. Artificial Intelligence, from the Department of who graduated Dr Nam Seog Park, of the photograph, ceremonies. of the photo-feature Afore Ye Go on the University’s graduation it was part Visual Resources, University’s graphics and photography unit, Taken by Tricia Malley and Ross Gillespie of the Business Awards. Mono Picture prize at the 1998 British Association of Communicators in recently won the Best Issue 13, which appeared in Edit, This picture, Picture Perfect has advertised in excess of 4,300 jobs since October 1997. which 3,500 students are currently registered with the Service over Established in 1995, and full-time work over the vacations. also advertises regular part-time work the University-run service lectures.” “and which won’t distract from essays and said Tanya, or short-term jobs that suit your timetable during term time,” “You can usually find some one-off academic year 1997/98. call upon the Clearing House’s since the start of services the 20,000th student to Studies student Tanya Tskanyova, is 3rd year Business House Student Employment Service, Information Assistant at the Clearing Pictured with Iris Sloan, 20,000th Clearance

To celebrate this prestigious award, the photographers contacted the subject the photographers To this prestigious award, celebrate

Although one-off work has proved extremely popular with many,

five edit six thought of going to university. and who might never have opportunities in the past, adults who missed out on educational in particular, the University by encouraging, in Access contributes to widening participation and others in Divinity or Law. Sciences, the majority taking degrees in Arts or Social the University via Access course, particular needs of adult learners making a fresh start. and addresses directly some of the more traditional Higher or A-level courses, education who want to prepare for degree study; it offers an alternative the The course is designed for adult returners to celebrated its 10th anniversary. The University of Edinburgh/Stevenson College joint access course recently Access Means Success News

Since it began, almost 500 students, mainly from the local community, have entered have mainly from the local community, almost 500 students, Since it began, edit pervades the Department. pervades and partnership which engineering professionalism and industrial awareness in both teaching and research; the culture of freedom to make innovations staff the individual maintained within the Department allowing academic leaders have environment which the succession of abilities of its staff members; the creative Funding Council for the quality of its teaching. Higher Education and which in 1994 was adjudged Excellent by the Scottish Academe Collaboration, (Engineering) in the Office of Science and Technology Competition for Industry- in 1995 won First Prize the top 5* Assessment Exercise was awarded A rating, Partnership Prizes. Highly Commended in the Department of Trade President’s and Industry has been nition of its success in building research partnerships with industry, in recog- The University’s Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Charged Up h temo ucs a etae otrekyfcos the combined intellectual The stream of success can be traced to three key factors: This continues a run of success for the Department which in 1996 Research in ‘Now We Are One’ on p 18) merged institution and its role in the new Scotland throughout their professional lives.” base of their skills and knowledge up-dating but a continuing not just high quality initial training, Teachers will need to further and higher education. through secondary, from primary, all levels, sions at the new needs of teaching and allied profes- tial if we are to make further progress in addressing “The merger is absolutely essen- said, of Education first-ever Dean of the new FacultyHouse and now former Principal of Moray Professor Gordon Kirk, comparison.” to stand international tion of teachers, excellence for Scotland in the professional educa- centre of we shall aim to build a national Together, of two strong partners. a marriage essence, in This is, and the teaching profession. education Scottish for Edinburgh, more importantly, tions but, as “good news not only for both institu- University, Principal of the Professor Sir Stewart Sutherland, of the proposed merger was described by June, be housed. part, for the most the new Faculty of Education will, of its location at Holyrood where anniversary Moray House has just celebrated the 150th 6,000 full-and part-time members of staff. over nearly 20,000 full- and part-time students institution of higher education in Scotland with Education and making the University largest establishing a new Faculty of 1 August 1998, merged with the University of Edinburgh on Moray House Institute of Education formally A Meeting of Minds (Professor Lindsay Paterson writes about the in for Scotland’s of State The Secretary approval, and information technology in education. technology and information of assessment and role examinations, the nature education, the future of teacher lifelong learning, wishes, employers’ modernising Scottish traditions in education, mic divide, the vocational-acade- discuss themes such as participation, who will will give a keynote address to delegates and training, author of the Dearing Report’s proposals on teacher education Professor Sir Stewart Sutherland, The Principal, Edinburgh. with the University of of Moray House Institute Education as well the merger of the Higher Still proposals, mentation and the imple- in the Learning Society, on Higher Education of the Dearing and Garrick reports the publication Parliament, in Scotland the light of establishment a Scottish education will look at theme in the New Scotland’, ‘Education as its which will have Head Secondary Teachers in Scotland, education system. now confronting the Scottish political and economic, both examine the implications of profound changes, which will organised by its Schools Liaison Service the University will host a major conference In November, Talking Heads Principal and Lady Sutherland. collection which he has donated to New College the Walls is seen showing an ancient parchment from the Professor Andrew most impressive of its type in the world. is one of the Andrew Walls African Christianity Library, the research and documentation collection, the Study of Christianity in Non-Western World whose lab - the Elizabeth Hewat Room as well Centre for a micro- a 24 hour access reading room, Graduate School, Church of Scotland and are home to the Faculty of Divinity are being leased from the Free next door to New College, The premises, Professor Sir Stewart Sutherland. Principal, has been officially opened by University New College, named after the first Principal of Thomas Chalmers House, Thomas Chalmers House The Inaugural University of Edinburgh Conference for OMNIANA O T No.6 of forty-eight. at the early age three years later, Major and died, the Army in 1880 with the rank of Surgeon- He retired from of history African nationalism. West secured for him a place in the Africa, government for the people and countries of looking ahead to self- and his political writings, he engaged in medical research, during this time, attaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.Also as one of the first African regular Army officers, but also only as one of the first African doctors, of British in most parts served West not Africa, During his 20 years with the year. Army he was published the same sketches of its botany', Topography of the West with Coast of Africa, entitled 'The Medical 1859 and his thesis, He graduated on 1 August Rankeillor Street. lodged at 50 While in Edinburgh Horton 1858 to study for an MD. the University of Edinburgh on 19 October James Africanus matriculated at Beale Horton taking his MRCS at King's College London, after suitable Africans as Medical Officers and, determined the British government to train rate among European doctors in West Africa high death- Society's Fourah Bay College.The where he progressed to the Church Missionary from Grammar School he attended in Freetown, the name Beale after headmaster of and took He adopted the name Africanus, Africa. and belonged to the Ibo people of WestLeone, The plaque is on the west side of Adam Ferguson Building. J h luetrvlae erFetw,Sierra near Freetown, Gloucester village, was born in 1835 at AMES HORTON e

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There was no great excitement when kicking at a stone. Arc lamps had been no foul play. could be established that there had been police involvement, too, at least until it Gates. And of course there had to be should be left in the hands of Professor whole collection of bones and dust But for now, it had been decided, the College had a case of their own to offer. heads. The lawyerly figures in Old ans wagged their fingers and shook the skeleton as their own, while histori- tory. The archaeologists were claiming amount of bickering overcertain terri- the university academics - along with a inside pages, there was interest among the body was first discovered. paragraphs on one of the had generated only a couple of and rocks. And though the story earth found here, covered with a thin layer of above them. The skeleton had been James Thin’s bookshop somewhere ran beneath Old College, probably with to Inspector John Rebus. course,’ Professor Sandy Gates explained generated in this place.’ money. Long time since any heat was ate had been heard to mutter: ‘Waste of bowels of the quad. As one undergradu- tion of a water-holding tank in the sprinkler system, requiring the construc- tion: they were installing a new work beneath Old College. Fire preven- ‘Not of thing,’ Rebus said, my sort They were in one of the tunnels that ‘Of course,’ Rebus said. ‘He meant intellectual heat, of It had been found during excavation

Scotsman’ the acid test deep in Old College. Inspector Rebus investigates graduate crime novelist and Edinburgh A short story by award-winning s IAN RANKIN barely legible. the scratch marks. Even so, they were on the wall. Rebus held a torch close to reason they were down here: the writing wall. ‘Is that it?’ ‘Unless you have a ouija board handy.’ would be a problem.’ He paused. no need for a murder inquiry.’ date and time.’ won’t be able to narrow it down to a glanced up at Rebus. ‘We probably years. The cloth’s gone for analysis.’ He the poor devil was down here.’ some blue material.’ the way of clothing. A few scraps frame. on the ground to help balance his huge remains He crouched down, one hand letting anyone but himself examine the GatesDepartment, had no intention of pathology lab. As head of the Pathology photographed, and removed to the is the spot.’ looked around. ‘This were any here though.’ He paused, know,’ Gates said. ‘Didn’t realise there spiralling shadows over the vaults. set up by the workmen, and threw huge ‘Wish I could take the credit,’ Gates ‘Wish ‘Someone had sharp eyes.’ ‘That’s it,’ Gates confirmed. The Rebus was pointing to a section of statements Gates nodded. ‘Witness let’sRebus smiled. ‘Then hope there’s ‘A hundred, maybe two hundred ‘Your best guess?’ Gates ‘Depends shrugged. how long the rest perished?’ ‘Think ‘One thing,’ he said. ‘Not much in The skeleton had been exhumed, are miles of these tunnels, you ‘There .

+ ‘What’s acid got to do with it?’ letters, spelling out the word ACID. uncovered.’ from where the corpse’s hand was yes. The scratches are less than a foot wall, seeking more clues. the body?’ Rebus ran the torch over the said. ‘But it was one of the workmen.’ know more about the history of know more about the history Look at the teeth: they’re intact. Others Probably a fairly healthy specimen. skeleton of a young adult male. from natural causes. Looks to be the the skin away.’ violent demise.’ fractures. Nothing consistent with a the rib-cage. ‘No obvious breaks or damage or injury.’ Ran his hand down He pointed to the skull. ‘No signs of question. ‘Intriguing though, isn’t it?’ been sent to one of the specialist labs. though samples of bone and soil had sense. The bones had yet to be cleaned, there’d in the usual be no post-mortem - transfer the skeleton to mortuary lab. It hadn’t to been thought necessary

Rebus looked again. Four capital ‘Judging by position, I’d have to say ‘You think the writing connects with ‘I agree it’s unlikely our friend died else could the message mean?’ ‘What ‘Hmm.’ Gates sounded unconvinced. ‘Or acid, something that would strip ‘You’re thinking poison?’ ‘Doesn’t mean he wasn’t killed.’ Professor at Rebus’s Gates shrugged The two men were in the pathology

nine edit the acid test + a short story by IAN RANKIN

dentistry than I do, but I’m willing to ‘So he was buried in just his under- enough with arc-lamps and torches.’ He invitation from Professor Gates to meet graduated. But Candless wasn’t amongst bet if he’d been poor or malnourished, pants?’ looked to Gates, who nodded agreement. him at his office. The view from Gates’ them.’ This second sheet he now pushed teeth would have been missing.’ ‘An educated guess, I believe. From ‘Which leaves us not a great deal more windows was of McEwan Hall and Teviot towards Rebus, who was nodding agree- ‘Well, whatever happened to him, the tooth, we’re talking about an age enlightened,’ the pathologist added. Row. Rebus, whose own meagre view ment. someone buried the body.’ anywhere between mid-teens and mid- Then he saw the twinkle in Rebus’s eye. from the CID suite at St Leonard’s was ‘No one,’ the pathologist went on, ‘But that might have been later. twenties.’ ‘Except that you’ve done a bit more of the cop-shop car park, gazed out at ‘seems to know what happened to Maybe to avoid a scandal.’ ‘So a student rather than a lecturer?’ digging.’ another perfect late-spring day as he Candless. I’ve found what records I can, ‘What sort of scandal?’ ‘Or someone from outside.’ But Rebus shook his head. ‘I’m no waited for Gates. and it seems he just vanished into thin ‘Corpses found on college property - ‘An outsider who knew about those archaeologist, Sandy.’ He paused. ‘But I The pathologist bustled in with a air as far as the university was hardly a good advertisement. Could be tunnels?’ know someone who is.’ grunt of apology and set his weight down concerned.’ he committed suicide.’ ‘Ah, but only the killer needed to on an antiquated swivel-chair, motioning ‘Our skeleton?’ ‘In a tunnel? It’s an unlikely setting.’ know.’ for Rebus to be seated, too. ‘Possibly.’ Gates sighed. ‘You know me, John. Rebus chewed his lip. ‘True.’ Which wasn’t strictly true: Meg Gilfillan ‘I’m just grateful you lot haven’t been Rebus studied the sheets. ‘We’ll never I’m not given to speculation. And if this ‘Maybe there was work going on. was no archaeologist, but she was the keeping me too busy,’ Gates said. ‘Given prove it.’ were a contemporary case, I’d hold my One of the workmen at the time...?’ university’s archivist. Rebus visited her in me a chance to do some detective work ‘No. But let’s take the game a little tongue....’ ‘Buried in just his underwear?’ a third-floor office in Buccleuch Place. of my own.’ further.’ ‘But?’ ‘To make identification more ‘I’ve been following the story,’ she said, ‘Oh?’ Rebus sat back in his chair. There was ‘But seeing how we’re dealing here difficult.’ peering over her glasses. There were three Gates searched in his drawers for a excitement in Gates’ eyes. with a miscreant who’ll never be caught They were outside now. The day was desks in the room, each covered with folder, drew it out and slapped it onto ‘Another medical student,’ Gates or tried, and probably never identified clear and sunny, the buildings radiant. maps, plans and newspapers. She’d lifted the desk. He tapped it as he spoke. continued. ‘He set up as a consulting in the first place, I’d make the assump- Office workers were out hunting for a pile of bulging folders from a chair so ‘Poison and students, John. Students pathologist around 1877. By 1880, he tion that our friend here met an lunch. that Rebus could sit down. with a knowledge of poisons.’ was far from his alma mater, working on unnatural death. And poison would be ‘The other clothing couldn’t just have ‘Fascinating,’ she said, looking at him ‘Medical students?’ a whaling ship.’ He leaned forward in his my guess.’ disintegrated?’ Rebus asked. as though he were the object of her Gates nodded. ‘There were some great chair. ‘The writing on the wall, John. Rebus was thoughtful for a moment. Gates shook his head. ‘We’d have studies. men in the medical faculty. Lister, Bell That capital I, fainter than the other ‘So what now?’ found buttons, some fibres.’ ‘Your phone call was spot on. There and the rest. It was a time for experi- letters.’ He pushed the photograph ‘You’re making it your business?’ ‘Who made those scratches? The was building work going on at Old ments and research, great finds. Mind, towards Rebus. ‘What if it’s not an I? ‘Unlawful killing, Professor. Can we victim, right?’ Gates merely shrugged. College for a good part of the late- they weren’t always successful. The first What if it was meant to be the get a fix on the deceased’s age at time of ‘Let’s assume it was. What would he be 1800s.’ She saw the look of guinea-pigs to try laughing-gas... there downstroke for the D, only the author death?’ trying to tell us?’ disappointment on Rebus’s face. ‘Doesn’t were near-fatalities.’ He stared at Rebus. didn’t think it was deep enough, so tried Gates nodded. ‘Dental forensics can ‘The identity of his killer?’ help narrow things down, does it?’ ‘Accidental poisoning?’ again?’ do wonderful things. I’ll remove a tooth Rebus nodded. ‘But the body was ‘No.’ ‘Think for a moment. A group of Rebus blinked. ‘ACD?’ He looked or two for analysis.’ He turned to his buried.’ They’d stopped walking. ‘But this might.’ She slid a photo- students, doing their own work or just again at the graduation list. ‘Doyle, A C.’ colleague. ‘And meantime we wait?’ Pedestrians around them, catching copied sheet towards him. It was a page playing silly beggars. Testing cocktails of His finger tapped the name. ‘We wait,’ Rebus agreed. snatches of conversation, turned their from the Scotsman, dated February 12th drugs. It happened then as now.’ Gates was nodding, leaning back now, heads to stare. ‘The body had to be 1877. There was a story, one long narrow ‘What’s in the folder?’ hands together as if in prayer. buried after the scratches were made.’ column, concerning some artefacts found Gates smiled at Rebus’s impatience. ‘He covered up the mishap, hid the ‘You have a theory?’ Gates half- in a tunnel under Chambers Street. The ‘Let’s say one of their number dies, or body, then returned to give it more of a tenTheyedit waited. The world turned, and smiled. He guessed Rebus had been artefacts - jugs, utensils, wine bottles - seems to be dead. Maybe they can’t find a burial. Guilty conscience perhaps. Maybe fresh cases filled their days. A stabbing, a busy late into the night, thinking the were thought to date back to the seven- pulse. They see their whole careers he had his own way of dealing with that suicide leap. Rebus had a few domestics case over. teenth century. Rebus looked up at her. crumbling, even before they’ve begun. So dark secret in later life. Maybe it never to sort out, a court case to attend. After ‘The body’s left in the tunnel. Then She was nodding. what do they do?’ left him.....’ giving his evidence, he bumped into the killer thinks better of it, and comes ‘The problem,’ she said, ‘is that from ‘Hide the body,’ Rebus stated. Rebus saw at last. The sheet fell from Professor Gates. back to bury it. He doesn’t want it the evidence of this, not many people in ‘Precisely.’ his hand. ‘ACD,’ he said. ‘Arthur Conan ‘The McMurdo case?’ Gates guessed. found. Maybe he removes the clothing Edinburgh wouldn’t have known about ‘But what about the acid?’ Rebus Doyle.’ Rebus nodded. Gates explained that at the same time.’ those tunnels.’ asked. Gates applauded silently. ‘Elementary, he’d already given his own evidence. ‘But is too delicate to remove every- Gates opened the folder, slid out isn’t it?’ he said with the merest ghost of ‘Any progress with Piltdown Man?’ thing?’ Rebus passed the information on to photocopies: old faculty records. ‘I was a smile. Rebus asked as they walked from the Rebus nodded. ‘Someone with a Professor Gates, then prepared an glad Miss Gilfillan came up with that High Court. shred of decency. But here’s my point... interim report, stating that as far as a news cutting. It narrowed my search. In © IAN RANKIN 1998 ‘A little. The scrap of cloth yielded between times, the victim wasn’t quite solution was concerned, the Procurator- 1877, there were a dozen students train- something. Its age for one thing. Best dead. There was enough spark for him fiscal’s office might as well forget it. A ing with particular emphasis on Ian Rankin graduated MA from the University of estimate is mid-nineteenth century. The to pick up a stone and scratch the Edinburgh in 1982. His first Rebus novel, Knots & press release was issued, and barely taken pathology. One of them was called John Crosses, was published in 1987. Ian Rankin is a material is cotton, maybe underwear of message.’ up by the media. Candless. This is the faculty roll for past winner of the prestigious Chandler-Fulbright some kind. Long johns or whatever they ‘And the killer didn’t see it?’ Award, as well as two Crime Writers Association The story, such as it was, had died. 1877.’ He pushed the sheet towards short story ‘Daggers’ and the 1997 CWA Macallan wore back then.’ ‘By candlelight, no. It was hard Ten days later, Rebus received an Rebus. ‘Three years later, the students Gold Dagger for Fiction.

eleven edit

familiar in African politics. warning of events all too reminder and a fore- The diary is both a The diary into the conflict. neighbouring countries time threatening to draw aia nemr,this capital once more, may be closing in on the gis i.Rebellion against him. of Congo are rising the Democratic Republic Laurent Kabila to power in those who helped to bring rca ia as Now, crucial final days. in Kinshasa during the describing the atmosphere Allan Little wrote a diary the Mobutu regime, Zaire on the collapse of reporting for the BBC from Eighteen months ago,

Thursday 15 May dac,i’ re But they are it’s true. advance, They are afraid of the rebel home as quickly they can. The people want to get early. Shops and offices are closing heading into town. pumped up Zairean troops, with swarming is crazy now, The airport road miles from town. Nsele is only 30 to 40 airport. the from Nsele towards retreat army has been routed and is in the sources simultaneously that At 1230 we hear from two from mounting paranoia. balanced concern legitimate, fact from fancy,separate to and we try counter rumour, gripped by rumour and feverish wait in the highly charged city, We imminent their strike. how or far they are, how don’t know but we decisive and immediate, when they descend it will be that and we know take the city, the rebels are coming to know We closing on its prey by stealth. a stalking night-hunter unheard, menacing for being unseen and and it is all the more paths, the same silent hidden travelling The rebel advance is out there, and dug-out canoe. boat ferry river by steamer and the great along the teeming tributaries of and menacing legion, silent, immensity of the rain forest in damp It comes out of the dense, and rising apprehension. rumour, and of hearsay, the shape disembodied form - it comes in Rebellion enters the city first in Wed 14 May 1997

What goes around comes

There will be an attack and a There will be an attack ilg.I ol etngt When It could be tonight. pillage. the news from Nsele reaches eei ilsttect neg.It here it will set the city on edge. is the end for Zairean army, the last defensive position has oe olpe.The airport is collapsed. gone, et then the city. next, diary: Today I wrote in my Lubumbashi. in in Kisangani, Goma, in It happened machine gun fire. in a volley of down mown who gets in the way risks being in which anyone and pillaging to embark on a frenzy of looting is their habit to ransack the city, It been paid properly in months. The army hasn’t near. draws troops will do when the end own their much more afraid of what it’s out of control. rumour is the currency here and But it means. what knows No-one has been carried out. come until a certain cremation the end will not chilling - that abroad and it is bizarre There is a new rumour comes. be murdered before the end there is a hit list of people to that convinced are going into hiding, The radical opposition negotiated. kind of surrender must be some defend the city and that they are not able to tell him that The generals must coup. military here is a a bloodbath can avoid The only way we Mobutu regime. the last twenty four hours of living I am convinced we are now

text illustration

ALLAN LITTLE

FIONA STEWART

are heading into the city. abandonned their positions and presidential guard - have the rank and file The army - both collapsed. have Defensive positions there falls. News from the airport as night courage. extraordinary It is an act of Mahele’s people. between them and General channels of communication been clandestinethere have mobile phone range of the city, since the rebels got to within Rumour is rife that Kabila’s men. prepared to do a deal with he is way of signalling that It is his Those days are over.” city for the future of one man. sacrificing an entire contemplate he cannot view is that “The General’s His staff brief us. summons the BBC to his office. the army chief of staff, Mahele, General But there is hope. vacuum. power departure has left a dangerous The dictator’s the hiatus. But now continued presence here. transition to rebel control was his only obstacle to a peaceful the not defend the city and that last night and told him they could the generals went to him that Our sources tell us in confidence He won’t be back. It’s over. dawn. the crack of city unannounced at sneaking out of the entourage he and his northern Zaire, in the jungle home village his Mobutu has left for Gbadolite, Friday 16 May

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sixteen

Intercon - not only do they know booked three floors of the alliance has audaciously block The rebel neighbouring Congo. in them to Brazzaville to ferry assisting by finding small boats is wisely The manager entourage. and those of his escape his own Mobutu has arrived to organise Congolu journalists report that a group of print the river, which sits on the south bank of From the Intercontinental Hotel, night air.through the still heavy rolling across the roof tops machine gun fire, dug of heavy and the deep dug-a-dug-a- city, shots echoing through the empty arms fire - single resounding The streets are ringing with small last price. has paid the it seems, and who, with the rebels of communication risked his life to open a channel He was the man who handover. was our hope of a peaceful General Mahele tightens. throat My stomach and chest. my legs, chill spread from my feet through pulse quickening cold, and that unwelcome knot in my stomach I feel the familiar shivering. and am instantly awake I hours. in its dying fragmenting has turned in on itself, The regime line Mobutu loyalists. by hard- has been assassinated General Mahele to the marrow. and his news chills me morning, three in the phone call at George wakes me with a Alagiah My friend and BBC colleague Saturday 17 May edit What goes around comes

tyranny. toppled another great African last at have assassination that from The shock waves full circle. It has come Mobutu Sese Seko. and the protection of Zaire, lost the war and fled to eastern The genocidal regime murdered. Tutsis Hutus were and moderate genocide in which up to a million triggered the immediately death His on assassinated 6 1994. April who was Habyarimana, Juvenal president of Rwanda, were the remains of late They them into exile with him. he could take so that cremated, and Camp at grave Tshatshi, old friend disinterred from their Mobutu had the remains of an President hours in the city, In his last week - to cremation. delphic reference - earlier in the The One rumour stands up. they will be here. when they’re coming - they know liberation through the smoke. liberation sang songs of freedom and flesh filled the air crowds While the reek of burning return.” do evil in whom evil is done, Those to school children learn. all what and the public know “I with petrol and are burning. been dowsed have piled together, Their bodies, the mob and killed. been set upon by have service of the old secret intelligence seven members suburban street, In a there is retribution. And now legs. weary into this city on bare feet and hope has marched of the river, and along the tributaries forest, impenetrable vastness of the rain From the people’s uprising. It was a This was not a war. it feared. spared the bloodbath Kinshasa was not put up a fight. and could was rotten to the core, worked to its benefit - the army has finally reduced the country which Mobutu’s regime has The dereliction to fired a shot. They scarcely man can march. which a the pace at at country through the heart of this huge progressed and they have on the shores of Lake Tanganyika far away had come from Kalemie, They the hill to Camp Tshatshi. disciplined - snaked its way up exhausted men - earnest and A single-file column of empire. corrupt centre of the Mobutu walked with the rebels to Today I and the war is won. over, The long march from the east is Sunday 18 May Moscow. correspondent in He is currently BBC in 1982. of Edinburgh MA from the University Allan Little graduated

2: 1:

twenty two ST KILDA, SUMMER 1938 edit sat about. It was like waiting for a train.’ carted all our gear down to the jetty and lightest blue, hardly coloured. We hot glare from a sky of unbroken fresh dew-drenched dawn, opening to ‘There was the same flat mazy calm and Going’*, he wrote of that morning: left the island on steamer Hebrides. summer weeks. On 9 August, all four returned from the mainland for a few their own request from the island, when the St Kildans were evacuated at mother, had, as in every year since 1930 together with Mrs John Gillies Snr, Neil's MacQueen, 'the oldest inhabitant', who jetty by Neil Gillies and Finlay Dunara Castle. He was greeted on the the island of St Kilda by steamer occasion by John Ainslie, was landed on Atkinson, unaccompanied on this School of Scottish Studies. now in the archives of University's photographic account of that journey is coast of Scotland. Robert Atkinson's deserted islands off the North West Oxford to many of the remote and often journey took them from their base in Leach's Fork-tailed Petrel. Their 12 year *published by Birlinn Ltd, 1995. I In his account of the journey ‘Island After dark on 23 July 1938, Robert ornithological quest for the rare John Ainslie embarked on an N JULY 1935 Robert Atkinson and 5: 3: 7: 3: 1: 7: 5: crops, hay or fuel) Finlay MacQueen and Neil Gillies with goods for sale. Aug 3 1938 Finlay MacQueen. Aug 8 1938 Cleit above village. Factor's House left, Manse beyond. Aug 1938 (Cleit: small drystone hut roofed with living turf, used for s Finlay MacQueen outside his house, No 2. Aug 9 1938 8: St Kilda jetty. Aug 9 1938. Mrs Gillies, Neil Gillies and Finlay MacQueen waiting for the ship. 2: Mrs Gillies scraping crotal. Carn Mor July 26 1938 (Crotal: a grey lichen used for dying wool) 6: Interior of Factor's House. Living room and self-portrait. Aug 3 1938 4: 6: 4: 8: Finlay MacQueen snaring puffins. Carn Mor July 26 1938 kind permission to reproduce these photographs. kind permission to reproduce of the School Scottish Studies for their help and With Mackay and Ian MacKenzie thanks to Dr Margaret

toring

twenty three edit The merger of Moray House Institute of Education with the The integration of Moray House schools. It already takes large is available at other levels (for from a variety of disabilities, University will have benefits far beyond the enlarged institution. Institute into the University as its numbers of graduates from example, the University’s highly community education, sport, Faculty of Education creates the courses at the University onto its rated postgraduate course in leisure studies, and educational largest University in Scotland. postgraduate certificates in social work). policy. Bringing this experience That alone would make it an event secondary education, primary There is more overlap at taught together with existing expertise in worth noting. But there are education and community postgraduate level: for example, the University, the merger will deeper reasons to mark the education. It has undergraduate work is in hand to integrate the allow some significant new areas change - reasons to do with the degrees which prepare students two masters degrees in of research to develop - for impact it could have on the for primary teaching and for education. But Moray House is, example, into further and higher University, on Scottish education, community education. There are again, distinctive because of the education, into educational and on Scottish culture. degrees for teaching kinds of students it attracts, testing, and into computer- To start with, though, what does technological subjects and for mainly professionals studying aided learning. Moray House bring? It adds some teaching computing. And Moray part-time. But if the merger were merely a 1,500 undergraduates to the House is the only place in The staff teaching these courses matter of tacking on a few now University’s existing 13,000; Scotland that offers training to be have a broad range of expertise in thousand students and a few we are In Scotland, the major professions have always received most of their education in the universities... teaching has been the notable exception

eighteen oneedit

1,600 postgraduates to the a physical education teacher. education, sport, leisure studies, hundred staff, then it would be of University’s 4,000; and 350 staff There are also undergraduate and associated topics. There are limited interest beyond the Professor Lindsay Paterson, in a personal view, looks ahead toto the University’s 6,000. And it degrees in sport science, leisure particular research strengths in University’s walls. There are five adds an annual budget of £17 studies, teaching English to school discipline and ethos, particular ways in which the the vitally important role the University can play in the newmillion to the University’s speakers of other languages, and expert systems in education, pre- merged institution can make an devolved Scotland. £230 million. social work. Most of this does not school and early primary impact externally, each recovering The spread of academic exist anywhere else in the education, educational philosophy, aspects of Scottish educational expertise largely complements the University, and so all these teachers’ careers, gender and traditions whose desuetude has University’s. Moray House’s main courses are additions to what the education, education for travelling weakened the quality of the educational role is the preparation University does, in some cases people and for refugee children, Scottish educational system of students for teaching in augmenting provision that already special educational needs arising as a whole.

nineteen edit

twenty ‘‘ o eaeone are we now links with Scottish education the University to strengthen its is the second: merger allows classes could encourage. which attending such introductory contact with subject specialists Moray House will learn from the undergraduate teaching degrees at Correspondingly, students taking classes in educational studies. philosophy through introductory of pedagogy and educational learn some elementary principles might soon have the opportunity to students in a variety of faculties a result of the merger, many something about how to teach. As contribution to debate is learn of ensuring an effective tested in debate, and the best way modern concerns. Knowledge is traditions that are relevant to recover the parts of these notable exception. time. Teaching has been the part of the University for a long ministers and engineers have been the universities: doctors, lawyers, received most of their education in major professions have always also a reason why, in Scotland, the debate about public affairs. It is laboratory, and they engaged in audience beyond the specialist seriously a duty to talk an ideas: they wrote well, took effective at popularising scientific James Clerk Maxwell were graduates of the University as such intellectually distinguished physics. That is one reason why communicating ideas about entail learning also to be good at be a good physicist, say, would taken for granted that learning to commonly until the 1920s, it was the 19th century, and still quite way of doing higher education. In This was the traditional Scottish teach at the heart of all learning.

A consequence of this first point The merger is an opportunity to The first is to place learning edit

students to take the knowledge and skills they have acquired into wider community An educational institution contributes most to social development when it encourages its acquired into the wider community. knowledge and skills they have encourages its students to take the social development when it institution contributes most to the proposition that an educational known as the democratic intellect - historical terms, that is better learning society. In Scottish significantly to developing a House already contributes postgraduate courses, Moray University. Through its part-time which the merger offers to the institution is the third opportunity Bringing educators into the excellence. then the reputation for academic important reason why it gained century which was probably an school education in the 19th university, a feature of Scottish school teacher had with the local recurrent contact which the parish It is a modern version of the return to an old Scottish tradition. or cultural studies. That, too, is a information technology, language knowledge, say in science, upgrade their specialist teachers to enable them courses could be offered to school proposed that new postgraduate process. For example, it has been merger offers will help this community education which the The link with schools and through its international networks. cultural capital which it acquires returns to Scotland some of the eminent will be that the University continue to be internationally that will allow Edinburgh to indeed, part of the political bargain to what is going on around them; Edinburgh that they pay attention international universities such as context. It will be expected of Parliament changes the whole but the imminence of Scottish much controversy since the 1980s, generally. This topic has generated scholarship should not be carried democratic intellectualism - that another aspect of the old idea disseminating research was education. Such means of issues about Scottish higher series), allowing them to debate and 7 November (the first in a take place in the University on 6 secondary headteachers which will example of this is a conference for professionals. One immediate readily to policy makers and University researchers to talk more system, that in turn also allows established links to the educational House already has many well- University offers. Because Moray academic networks which the benefit from the rigour and allows Moray House research to opportunity. On the one hand, it of research - the fourth happen through the dissemination educational practitioners can between University expertise and than teaching. Making links society also happen in ways other have graduated. dissertation supervisors after they retain links with their tutors and colleagues need, and they can knowledge which they and their to the body of professional dissertation in order to contribute undertake the research for their professional lives, they can which concern them in their their course essays on topics communities. They tend to write established members of professional jobs, and living as members are working in when large proportions of course attenuated. Dialogue is guaranteed have with society is then dialogue which a university can mostly disappear thereafter. The the problem is that these people from school - and there are many courses for young people straight Whatever the merits of providing The University’s contributions to Government in Scotland. convener of the University’s Unit for the Study of and Vice-at the University of Edinburgh, Policy Studies in the new Faculty of Education of Educational Lindsay Paterson is Professor own Parliament is about to embark. journey on which Scotland with its radically new political and cultural response from the University to merger promises, then, to be a fitting some such impact is likely. The most staff for the merger ensures that to happen. But the enthusiasm of outcomes of the merger is guaranteed politicians. questions to a panel of senior debate Scottish policy and to put from all over Scotland will come to be held on 13 October: young people school students of Modern Studies, to an annual series of conferences for education and democracy is the first in help to maintain links between example of how the University can be the most fundamental. One Scottish tradition, it could be said to policy area for the Parliament. In policy will not only be just another a common citizenship. So educational underpinning democracy, a means to tradition of seeing education as Canongate. Scotland has a long eventual home, at the foot of be on the doorstep of Parliament’s based in due course) also happens to (where the whole Faculty will be on educational policy. Its main campus links because of its range expertise good position to contribute these new Parliament. Moray House is in a encourage links between staff and the Governance of Scotland Forum, to University has established the makers - the fifth opportunity. The through talking to national policy be able to have an impact will particular way in which research will inaugurate from next May, one which the Scottish Parliament will In the new political situation councils. requirements of the modern research conveniently, in harmony with the Upholding that moral principle is also, be developed in dialogue with them. out remotely from its users, but should

None of these five beneficial

citizenship common means to a eorc,a democracy, underpinning education as of seeing long tradition Scotland has a university exam timetable. in the context of setting a Professor Fourman explains it things we do them with. things, rather than altering the will change the way we do to be born in this areathe fruit homes. However, the bulk of children’s or grandchildren’s become commonplace in your tangible gadgets that could informatics will yield some maths?” Well, yes and no. tion?” or “Is of sort it a new something to do with automa- possibly heard of. “Has it terms that we might have one of those vaguely familiar loop, informatics sounds like people and society. that will interact naturally with systems our to make artificial computer engineering endeav- cognition to mathematics and from psychology and human academics in subjects ranging Edinburgh, where an array of Informatics at the University of heads up the Division of says Michael Fourman. He it has solved a lot of problems,” accordingly. and can shape its own actions of how people think and act, understand and take account say, is a computer that can What we need, the futurists yet to see such a computer. from the film ‘2001’, we have famous fictional computer A Research into the field of For those who are out of the you look to biology,“When birthday of HAL, the birthday saw celebrations of the lthough January 1998 something to be shared with colleagues University for whom conversing with computers is Kristy Dorsey meets three new recruits to the talking technology sprightly American who left this term is Johanna Moore, a chief funder of AI research. Projects Agency, America’s Defense Advanced Research from the US to get support researchfew groups outside the also happens to be one of the programmes in the world. It intelligence (AI) artificial example, one of the oldest the years. It contains, for have managed to build up over various components within it international reputation which This is notwithstanding the the best-kept secrets around. Informatics is probably one of Edinburgh’s Division of dream come true. these problems on its own is a programme that works through each term, a computer this daunting task undertake but to the administrators who making of student nightmares, schedules may sound like the timetable.” until you’ve got a good through several generations procreate, and you do that and allow the goods ones to We kill off the bad solutions and allowing them to mate. are initially quite bad solutions can solve this by evolving what any given day,” he said. “We has more than one exam on and making sure no student the exam room is large enough problems such as making sure solve all of the logistical Settling in to a Chair of AI At home, the University of The idea of fornicating exam “It’s like using evolution to society. with people and interact naturally systems that will make artificial endeavour to academics An array of interesting things about here and people will know academia. trickle down to the rest of US quite good, but that doesn’t There are places that are a few frustrated. US who are very work in a lot of places the great deal of interdisciplinary “I know many people who do a happen,” Professor Moore said. change, it would never to that Edinburgh is trying to change in the way trying University of Pittsburgh) tionally being blurred. between the sciences are inten- Division, where the boundaries at the University’s Informatics people such as herself is better the environment for edge former employers, she admits loathe to speak ill of her nent on a whim. But while would uproot to another conti- there are people who few sional motivations. After all, mixture of personal and profes- reasons for her decision are a come to Scotland. Technologies - she chose to likes of Bell Labs’ Lucent or in the private sector for the in the US - either academia Despite the lure of better pay overlapping disciplines. works at the boundaries of an ‘edge person’; that is, she colleagues, she is all of her new Division of Informatics. Like take up a job within the University of Pittsburgh to her tenured post at the

“I can knock on every door “I can knock on every I think about (the “When As you would expect, the

twenty five edit twenty six of way.in a human sort needs to interact with humans variety. In the computer short, the ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ spitting out canned answers of themselves, rather than just through problems for prods students into thinking responds to individuals and together a programme that The problem lies in putting a computer to fill that role. to go around, what we need is there are not enough teachers one-to-one teaching. Since respondsthat everyone best to ligent tutoring. she is most interested in, intel- benefit work in one of the areas walls will greatlyartificial Centre, believes tearing down Communication Research heads up the Human Professor Moore, who also one of the keys to this coup. reverse brain drain. what some have described as a Pennsylvania - to be drafted in Steedman of the University of Bonnie Webber and Mark recruits - Professorsnew Professor Moore and two other discipline. It also allowed ing people off by academic traditional structure of cordon- lar problems, rather than the centred around solving particu- organisation into a division led to increased funding for re- the Informatics Planning Unit what was previously known as assigned “excellent” ratings to language department.” to a place with thriving to me, come important very language processing. That was the world working in natural the best - group of people in of the best - some would argue language. Edinburgh has one talking technology

The central notion to this is Re-organisation has been Recent reviews which edit medical care,” Professor about the application of to make consistent decisions neously. towards multiple goals simulta- the machine needs to work language and computers, bridge between human that you need to span the creating an intelligent tutor, in presented by the challenge of here are similar to those room. Many of the obstacles atmosphere of an emergency in the hectic particularly gives consistent medical advice, analyses specific situations and creation of a programme that Webber would like to see the gence in medicine. Professor intelli- application of artificial us would ever realise it – is the anyone’s of life – although few interested in which could affect call him back.” from now?’ I told him would going to affect my life ten years it that you’re working on that is accountant. “He is said, ‘What had some years ago with her She recalls a conversation she exactly what it is that she does. cult to explain people Systems admits it is often diffi- taken a Chair of Intelligent and psychologists is essential. The input of cognitive linguists place behind the spoken words. thought processes are taking communicate and what understanding of how humans ers need an in-depth such a programme, the design- logical face value. To create at its literal and everything interpret, rather than taking computer must be able to way people use it. The understand language and the “The computer can be used “The One of the things she is Professor Webber, who has To do this, it needs to me think this was a good place increased funding that made with this re-organisation and doing some exciting things presence in this field, they’re strong always had a very similar reasons. ics - and he returns now for of people working in informat- where they had a strong team University of Pennsylvania - ing his horizons” at the 1988. He continued “broaden- left to go Philadelphia in then again at Edinburgh, he periods at Sussex, Warwick and Edinburgh in 1968 and, after Masters Degree from of Informatics. forerunner to today’s Division science programme, the University’s first cognitive than 10 years ago set up the of the original team that more of a homecoming. He was part Cognitive Science is something post as a Chair of new be much more informative.” you need, but the results would just give you the information Itmachine interrupting. would be done in a way without the Webber said. “But this would homes. grandchildren’s your children’s or commonplace in that could become tangible gadgets will yield some field of informatics Research into the “While Edinburgh has “While The Watford native got his For Professor Steedman, his Kristy Dorsey is a freelance journalist. needs change.” free to move around as research some others. But people will be projects, and it won’t help encourage some research things will happen that way. people, because we think new interaction among different to do is get moreare trying we languages,” she said. “What cognitive sciences or natural only about AI, or people worry world up into divisions where integration one step further. recruits will be to take that new her job and that of the other in the re-organisation, of part environment. Now with a hand not exist as an interdisciplinary Division of Informatics would University today because the she wouldn’t be at the Mark Steedman and his peers, without the previous work of harder.” already quite difficult, even speech into text, which is makes the task of translating the intonation. That actually speech recognition throws away knows what it is talking about. sound like a machine that machine, but at least it will right, it will still sound like a said. “If you get the intonation wrong,” Professor Steedman because the intonation is sised speech sounds so bad is computers. and synthesised speech from improving speech recognition work will be focused on past several years, much of his syntax and intonation for the Steedman said. Having studied for me to be,” Professor “Whatever we do will “Whatever “We don’t want to break the Professor Moore reckons “At the moment, most “One of the reasons synthe- 7. TOOTHLESS 8. CREATIVE 3. INSPIRED 2. GUTSY 4. COMFORTABLE 6. BACKBONE 10. BRILLIANT 11. PHYSICAL 4. FAITHFUL 9. LETHAL 1. SURVIVOR 1. UNBEATEN 11. CLINICAL 9. MISSING 2. SKILFUL 7. WORTH £12m 5. BRAVE 8. CLASSY 5. ORGANISED 3. UNLUCKY 6. ATHLETE 10. 110% “ U when surveying his troops, “I don’twhen surveying know Napoleon, the Duke of Wellington, words of that scourge the cryptic is anyone’s guess, but I was reminded of engineer would have made of it century famous landmark in Paris. What its 19th giant pillars of the most the space between four ‘See you, Jimmy’ wigs filled crosses and scores of ginger Rampants and St.Andrew hundreds of Lion upon row of tartan, full song and often led by a piper. Row arriving through the Champ de Mars, in arrived and were striking camp. Park.Hampden The Tartanhad Army that would not have disgraced the old drowned out by a cacophony of sound man was Craig Brown began to be my own lack of kilt and what kind a Edinburgh Church. Her questions about companion was minister of a prominent discover that my bearded and kilted nel on their radios. to find another chan- desperately trying mind’s eye countless French motorists Auld Alliance began - I could see in my the worst piece of Franglais since the with me must have produced interview for Radio Franceis a reporter and her under the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Laurence the mighty Brazil, and we were standing hours before Scotland’s opener against With divisions were each minute new Laurence was even more surprised to FELLOW FOOTSOLDIERS, JUST CAN’T BREAK FAITH WITH THE SCOTLAND TEAM. UNIVERSITY CHAPLAIN AND MEMBER OF THE TARTAN ARMY, morning of 10 June, six incredulously. It was the Mondial?” said Laurence n pasteur d’Université au a prayer On a wing & For Scotland fans the script is always that of hope deferred and then dashed. For Scotland fans the script is always that of hope deferred Association hailed me from a pub near Edinburgh University Students of PresidentVice equipped. The the journey. Others were better and, ticketless, had just decided to make had been let down by a travel agency MP for Paisley South. He, like so many, University Rector’s Assessor who is now Alexander Snr, father of the former turned out to be an old friend - Douglas aperitif in a bar at the Gare du Nord dressed French businessman sipping an than others. What I took to be a neatly Paris that week, some were more obvious were all solidly behind Scotland. Charlton’s lads at this World Cup, they assured us that, in the absence of St.Jack of a party convent schoolgirls and from a nun from Dublin who had charge round to receive a good luck message brew. I bought her a cup and turned Belfast accent would secure the right and I advised her that ordering it with a watching the spectacle was thirsty work anxious to have a cup of tea, since day and I never expected this!” She was great, son (sic)! I came here for my holi- is in the queue for coffee and said, “This wee woman from Glasgow turned to me goodwill and peaceful celebration. One enemy, but, by God, they frighten me.” what effect these men will have upon the If there were corner of Scots in every But this time the troops brought IAIN WHYTE hands with each one as they passed - “olá stand for half an hour at a time shaking photos on their chests. passport You could the stadium with plastic name tags and and miles of fans two abreast striding to school crocodile lines, there were miles were that organised) and, like the old people (no group from the Tartan Army groups, massive flags held by 30 or 40 with panache and style. There were samba pitch in moving together and linking up on the for the Scots as their counterparts the Eiffel Tower were as much a match coloured strips at massed ranks of canary ball fans can outpace them by far. The South East Asia. No longer. Brazil’s foot- ed groups of tourists were a speciality of reward last June. for travelling to Belarus permits and this was my the rare entry priority to loyal fans in the allocation of the Scottish Football Association gave vided me with a ticket. Not so. For once, me about whether divine influence pro- leagues in the University have quizzed my late mother-in-law. Suspicious col- them,” would have been the comment of steep. “They’re the coos get no feart from a three figure note. family to seats that gave little change Ferguson Building. She had brought her someone I normally see in the Adam the ground minutes after I had spoken to We used to imagine that well regulat- The prices charged by FIFA were

, LIKE HIS

twenty nine edit What is it that drives intelligent and rational people to travel to see Scotland play in an all too predictable exercise in masochism?

Carlos, olá Carla” - and we did! medicine of a glorious defeat. Hearts Norway had ousted them by an incredi- There was an incredible atmosphere went out to captain Colin Hendry and ble defeat of Brazil in injury time. of friendship and I saw no example of to the luckless Tom Boyd as the Tartan With the exit of the team once again sourness between the different fans. Army marched back to the city to cele- we could only cherish some of the great Crowd segregation was irrelevant and brate. Yes, celebrate!! We found a quiet moments of the later rounds. Who can the swopping of emblems, drinking and bistro where stood a middle-aged forget Denis Bergkamp’s last-minute dancing together was unaffected by the Brazilian couple who insisted on buying winner against Argentina, for my result of the match. It sounds too good us beers with the genuine air of com- money the outstanding goal of the tour- nament? Nigeria’s power and talent Suspicious colleagues in the University have quizzed me about failed to deliver, but new boys Croatia whether divine influence provided me with a ticket. Not so. did so in style and Suker won the Golden Boot. The Laudrups’ Denmark were desperately unlucky. England were to be true, but it wasn’t. And this infec- forters. They were on their way home probably victims of their own overcon- tious spirit was caught by other groups after a European holiday and, interest- fidence, but France were not. Despite anxious to be in on the biggest party in ingly, were the only ones of their coun- the tragedy of Ronaldo and the embar- the world. The Mexicans were keen to tryfolk who expressed doubt that the rassing sight of seeing old lions humili- be photographed with everyone else and golden trophy would be on its way to ated (a fate Brazil shared with they perhaps won the prize for the most Rio in a month’s time. Germany), it was heroes such as Zidane classy flag. For one who has supported For Scotland fans the script is always and Thuram who managed to unite the sanctions for decades, it was an unusual that of hope deferred and then dashed. host nation and counter, for the time but delightful experience to wish black Qualifying for eight World Cup Finals being, the racist propaganda that has and white supporters of the ‘Bafana is a better record than Holland holds, been such an ugly feature in its political Bafana’ from South Africa good luck for but there the similarity ends. Eight and public life. And that can’t be bad. their Group. And even cross-dressing times we have failed to make the second What is it that drives intelligent and took on a new meaning. I pho- round, a feat unparalleled by any other rational people to travel to see Scotland tographed a trio wearing ginger wigs finalists. Even if now we are more realis- play in an all too predictable exercise in and Nigeria strips. “Are you from tic than the madness of ‘Ally’s Army’ in masochism? I asked myself that ques- Nigeria?” I asked. Stupid question. In ‘78 we still harbour thoughts above our tion last year on the Minsk/Warsaw broad Glaswegian and with equally station. night train as we left Belarus. And I broad grins they chorused “Aye, we’re Scots punters must be the best math- asked it again on the Eurostar when all Nigerians!” ematicians in the world. Everyone some of the footsoldiers were planning What of the game itself? The magnif- always knows all the permutations their return to France the next week. I icence of the Stade de France made it before each final game - “If A beats B have no answer. But I’m already looking seem a bit unreal. Two soft goals con- by two goals and we get a score draw for an excuse to go to Sarajevo or ceded by Scotland was an all too famil- with C then we’re through” is a familiar Tallinn in the closing stages of the qual- iar experience. But the emotional chatline inside the ground. But, of ifiers for Euro 2000. wringer took another twist when John course, it never happens. We went out Perhaps the last word should go to a Collins stepped up to the penalty spot. on goal averages in ‘74, ‘78 and ‘82, but bemused citizen of Bordeaux after the I only dared watch through the mostly we just go out because the other Norway game. “You Scots,” he said, viewfinder of my camera. The woman teams get results and we don’t. This “you party when you lose, you party behind me was in floods of tears (joy, time, it took a good North African when you draw, what in the world do relief, or disbelief?) when it was 1-1 and I team to bury our hopes comprehensive- you do when you win?” One day, we tried my best pastoral technique in assur- ly. But, true to the spirit of this World (and he) might just find out. And that’s ing her that it was, for the moment, time Cup, the defeated Scots fans turned to real faith. to celebrate. But not for long. console their devastated Moroccan The Reverend Iain Whyte is Chaplain Once again we had the bitter sweet friends when they, in turn, learned that to the University

thirty edit

T A Meal To Remember thirty two When The Cock Crowed But next morning the cock crowed and that it was best to say nothing. decided I must have been mistaken leader, as teachers were described, I crowing. have expected, but by a cock the sound of seagulls as I might way across the North Sea, not by next morning I was awakened half from Tilbury aboard Dunera and tal and later a troop ship. over by the government as a hospi- school ship, SS Uganda, was taken the Falklands War when the last and early 80s, until scuppered by much to education in the 60s, 70s schools, which contributed so floating co-educational boarding had launched the idea of their India Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. This was three years after British Education, took place in 1964. at Moray House College of my teacher training year survived graduated from Edinburgh and

Mystified, young party as a very we sailed On that first cruise

edit panied pupils after I on which I accom- cruises, he first of many school ship by Bill Fyfe Hendrie and along with the captain his ered that I was the only passenger, When I arrived, however, I discov- the honour conferred on me. crew’s deck to share in the feast. invited me to come the Asian my steward night of the cruise, paid off, because on the second last Uganda. But for me, my interest Dunera, Devonia, Nevasa and aboard all four school ships, service who were such a feature of the finding out about the Indian crew colleagues appeared to bother the month of dawn to dusk fasting. crew’s quarters to mark the end of in the which would be served ter to become part of the feast cabin awaiting ceremonial slaugh- board, in cages just astern of my imagination but were indeed on cockerels were no figment of my Ramadan and that the young I was hearing things. tea, I plucked up courage to ask if steward brought my early morning again and, when my Indian At the time, I did not appreciate Sadly, of my teaching few It was then that I learned about Torphichen, West Lothian Bill Fyfe Hendrie, MA 1962 aboard Dunera. Ramadan all those years ago the feast which marked the end of forget the cock which crowed or visits. But, looking back, I’ll never strongly disapproved of any such learned later that British India to the crew’s and I quarters, enough to be invited below decks Africa, I was never again lucky North Cape in Norway to North a dozen more from school cruises the ship’s dining saloon. nightly in course dinners served than any of the six and seven contributed, was more delicious to which the cockerels had curry delicacies, including the chicken cooking and the banquet of Indian Lascar crew did all their own porated into that shipping line, the P&O ships, when they were incor- As on all British India and later lights. garlands and strings of fairy the ship, which was decorated with in the crew’s totally Asian area of senior officers the only Europeans Although I sailed on more than Glenrothes, Fife Andrew C. Ferguson LLB 1984, DipLP 1985 nation with no past has future? about Scottish history. Who was it that said a have as much access possible to learning just around the corner, students from all faculties but I hope that, with Scotland’s new Parliament lot of my time up to elbows in dull law books; history. When I was at Edinburgh had to spend a there is much still to be discovered about Scottish traditions. Scottish, and Templarist, accent in its mysterious Freemasonic movement which has a strong century political upheavals gave birth to a aristocracy such as Dunfermline. The same 18th legacy informed the actions of key members imagination even to this day. In Jacobite times, this have such a strong grip on the Scottish with the powerful Bruce/Wallace myths which winning the day for Scots - became bound up reserve division at a crucial stage Bannockburn, tradition that they appeared at the head of a Templar legacy in Scotland - and particular a closely connected to the Setons. Alexander Montgomerie, Earl of Eglintoun, a family Aytoun’s book of poems was dedicated to Killiecrankie to be wearing Templar emblems. himself was allegedly found after his death at rich with Templar connections. Viscount Dundee the Earl of Dunfermline, Alexander Seton, a family preferred leader of Dundee’s men in France was families. been supported by a network of Scots noble dissolution by the Pope in 1312 - seems to have Templars in Scotland - long after their official influence on Freemasonry. A covert survival of involvement at Bannockburn, to their eventual their introduction by David I in 1128, through Scotland, and especially the Lothian area, from strange secret history of the Knights Templar in true Victorian fashion. Scots romanticizes Dundee’s officers’ last battle in Bruce Hunter. Aytoun’s poem The Island of the just finished co-writing with American author, C. was peripheral to my researches on a book I have Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, which I bought as it Dundee’s men. account of the true further adventures Bonnie Gentlemen in the latest issue of Edit, and its I PARTICULARLY ENJOYED OFFICERS AND BACK TO THE FUTURE The Edit Prize Letter

What does all this tell us? Perhaps only that What seems to have happened is that the It was interesting to note, for example, that the The book I was researching deals with the About a year ago I came across W. E. Aytoun’s

Here is a selection of the responses to Issue 14. Readers’ letters are welcome and should be addressed to the Editor. LETTERS Voyage to and Residence in the wrote two Journals - ‘Journal of a physician on 39 plantations. He 1825 to 1830, working as a for Tobago, where he remained from as a medical doctor c. 1825 and left at Caledonia in Scotland; qualified McTear is as follows. He was born mentioned below. the importance of McTear’s journals, also intend to publish an essay on a chapter on the slavery period. I Tobago, 1838-1938, which includes entitled The Evolution of Society in completing a book on Tobago between 1825 and 1830. I am Caribbean island of Tobago practised as a physician on the James McTear, a Scotsman who search for information about Rev Dr assistance of your readers in my to ask the I AM WRITING McTEAR? DID YOU HEAR OF MA 1938, Edinburgh M. Knox, Professor Emeritus Henry coincidence? J. Dover Wilson 1935-45 Herbert Grierson 1915-35 George Saintsbury 1895-1915 David Masson 1865-95 W.E. Aytoun 1845-65 within that period. They were: into exactly completed decades their individual terms of office fell precisely a century (1845-1945) but did they cover among them intrigued to discover that not only Biographical Dictionary, and I was time at University. English Literature) down to my own Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (later successors in the Regius Chair of up Aytoun and his four immediate Island of the Scots, sent me to look a passage from W.E. Aytoun’s The article (Edit, Issue 14), prompted by interesting JAMES ROBERTSON’S TIDY MINDS The information I have on Rev Surely this must be a unique All five are noticed in Chambers Email: [email protected] Street, Edinburgh EH8 9BE. Edinburgh Centre, 7-11 Nicolson Public Affairs, The University of Editor, Edit, Communications & be addressed to Anne McKelvie, prize for their efforts. letter to the next issue will win a The writer of the most distinctive the issues raised by contributors. EDIT WANTS to hear your views on Write to Edit; win a prize Elizabeth Talbot Rice, London type in an unreadable colour. approach of overlays, underlays and goodness you have given up the arty And I could read it all! Thank longer articles of general interest. snippets of information followed by have at last got it right with little the latest issue of Edit. For me you I am writing to congratulate you on THAT'S BETTER! to Dr Craig-James.) have to the Editor, Edit, who will forward it (Ed.: Please send any information you may Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies Dr Susan E. Craig-James, MA 1970 Thank you in advance for your help. gratefully acknowledged in my work. Tobago. religion some time after leaving Glasgow. He became a minister of and Co., Buchanan Street, addressed to Messrs A.G. Hunter DC, USA. The 1831 Journal was Library of Congress, Washington (1831). These are lodged in the Slaves in the British Colonies’ Year 1830, with Observations on the Tobago, from the Year 1825 till the and Residence in the Island of (1826) and ‘Journal of a Voyage to Island of Tobago, 1825-1826’

All letters are welcome and should Any assistance received would be

thirty three edit

’’ thirty four still called a nurse. It is the context, social main carer, whether or not this person is still be a major feature of the work of the to some resolution or accommodation will through experiences of altered health state much the same, insofar as seeing patients is likely to be system of the 21st century Scottish health care system. Devolution may offer real change for the between hospital and community. and continuity of carepartnerhsip system, putting an emphasis on changes in the health careoutlined further health care. The Labour government has 1991 brought the internal market into the NHS and Community Care Act managerialism, Working for Patients, and isational changes in the 1980s. New century. great organ- The NHS underwent force as we draw to the close of this that have presented themselves with some cal, economic and technological changes the demographic, epidemiological, politi- familiar to us all and can be summed up as two decades of this century. These are changes that have come about in the last nursing in the 21st century, are the settings. work in either hospital or community producing practitioners who could do programme for nursing with the aim of practice. It created a new education 2000 Report delivered a claim for new in the early 1980s. In 1986, the Project Nursing into the higher education sector - traditional hospital-based Colleges of began its Project 2000 - the move of the and possibilities for the future. Nursing T

The role of nursing in the health care However, more perhaps for important edit

become preoccupied with change millennium societies tend to even more towards the end of a owards the end of centuries and Close Quotes for the nursing profession looks at the prospects Professor KATH MELIA end-of-millennium series, In the first of an just appeared on the horizon. A more some brighter, newer, shinier model has with the credentials that they have because climate in which no-one is ever satisfied There is a danger of producing a catch-up get away from through Project 2000. sional qualifications that we to were trying kind of hierarchy of academic and profes- nursing seems to be producing the same the future. care led, consumerist scenario of primary evidence-based community dominant, of the place graduate in view on a much smaller scale and with clearer on the agenda in 2006, it will have to be If an all graduate nursing profession is still littered with degree and diploma courses. ground to plough - that ground is now be about. The 1956 model had new picture of what the graduate nurse should to have a cleareredge is and to start prise - to work out where the next cutting to look the second phase of enter- declared, need the established departments launched and the outcome yet to be mic nursing. Now, with Project 2000 clear job to do, namely, to establish acade- Nursing out in 1956 there started was a nity care will be in the lead this scenario. a firm grounding in the ways of commu- capacity to adapt; the graduate nurse with yield nurses with analytic skills and a tion. The education process will have to practice is more important than specialisa- more generalised idea of care and nursing produce a nursing profession in which a provision to the community is likely tion. The shift in emphasis health care social context, and with an ageing popula- can plan and effect care in a changing and geographical, which is likely to differ. The current approach to education in When Edinburgh’s of Department It that we educate nurses who is crucial year 2000.’ infirmaries. But no use to talk about the abolition of all hospitals and workhouse the sick in their own homes....I look to the destination of all nursing is the in 1867, Bonham Carter which they were admitted. of dying from the diseases with certain hospital patients could be reasonably that not until well into the 19th century places to be in. It has been said that it was hospitals were not always regarded as safe syphilis and plague. earlier infectious diseases, such as TB, responses were similar to those made which was arguably new, but nursing’s HIV/AIDS resulted in a moral panic have been seen before. For example, are new,decades of this century many some of the challenges closing exploit what it already knows, for while the community should allow nursing to nursing. them without mounting border raids on is in need of assistants, let it find and train cheap doctoring. If the medical profession role expansion and extension if it means Nursing should not be duped by talk of blurring being high on the agenda. professionals, with teamwork and role context of the roles of other health care organisation are often discussed in the effect patient care. to work together in multi-skilled teams to different backgrounds and qualifications with a skill mix which allows nurses with collegial approach might be preferable, University of Edinburgh of Nursing Studies at the Kath Melia is Professor ‘My view, you know, is that the ultimate As Florence Nightingale wrote to Henry We are indeed coming full circle, for shift in emphasis to Any 21st century Changes in nursing practice and its