Tiling Window Manager 的应用与设计
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Linux on a Stick Everyone Knows You Can Boot Linux from a Live CD, but Have You Thought About Putting Linux on a Compact and Highly Portable USB
KNOW HOW Memory Stick Linux Booting Linux from a USB Memory Stick Linux on a Stick Everyone knows you can boot Linux from a live CD, but have you thought about putting Linux on a compact and highly portable USB memory stick? BY FABRIZIO CIACCHI bootable “live” CD like Knoppix much more common. Part of our pur- ent from DSL, but it includes more [1] or Kanotix [2] gives the user a pose is to create an inexpensive system, software (about 14 MB plus), and it Afully portable operating environ- so I will base this discussion on the stan- has already been refined and tested for ment. You can carry your system with dard and very common 128 MB size. USB devices. you and boot it from anywhere. However, the procedure I describe in this • Flonix [8]: Flonix is also based on Your tools, your files, and your work- article can also be used to put a larger DSL, but it uses some different pro- space will follow you wherever you go – Knoppix-based distribution on a larger grams (for instance, IceWM instead even to another PC with a different USB memory stick. of Fluxbox). The Flonix project also operating system. Live CDs are also used Assuming you want room to work and introduced a useful web install by system administrators for trouble- store documents, it is a good idea to only process. Ultimately, Flonix was so shooting computers that won’t boot use half of the available space (64 MB) successful that it become a commer- normally. for the Linux system and related tools. -
Web Vmstat Any Distros, Especially Here’S Where Web Vmstat Comes Those Targeted at In
FOSSPICKS Sparkling gems and new releases from the world of FOSSpicks Free and Open Source Software Mike Saunders has spent a decade mining the internet for free software treasures. Here’s the result of his latest haul… Shiny statistics in a browser Web VMStat any distros, especially Here’s where Web VMStat comes those targeted at in. It’s a system monitor that runs Madvanced users, ship an HTTP server, so you can connect with shiny system monitoring tools to it via a web browser and see on the desktop. Conky is one such fancy CSS-driven charts. Before you tool, while GKrellM was all the rage install it, you’ll need to get the in the last decade, and they are websocketd utility, which you can genuinely useful for keeping tabs find at https://github.com/ on your boxes, especially when joewalnes/websocketd. Helpfully, you’re an admin in charge of the developer has made pre- various servers. compiled executables available, so Now, pretty much all major you can just grab the 32-bit or distros include a useful command 64-bit tarball, extract it and there line tool for monitoring system you have it: websocketd. (Of course, Here’s the standard output for vmstat – not very interesting, right? resource usage: vmstat. Enter if you’re especially security vmstat 1 in a terminal window and conscious, you can compile it from copy the aforementioned you’ll see a regularly updating (once its source code.) websocketd into the same place. per second) bunch of statistics, Next, clone the Web VMStat Git Then just enter: showing CPU usage, free RAM, repository (or grab the Zip file and ./run swap usage and so forth. -
Part II, Window Managers and Desktop Environments
Part II Window Managers and Desktop Environments The window manager is responsible for managing application windows and application- independent behavior, such as pop-up menus appearing in the background. The window manager manages the placement, borders, and decorations of all windows, and is responsible for the look and feel of your particular X session. Desktop environments typically include an integrated window manager, some sort of control panel, applications, and a consistent look and feel across applications. The chapters in Part II, Window Managers and Desktop Environments, are: Overview This chapter provides a conceptual introduction to window managers and desktop environments and briefly surveys some of the many window managers and desktop environments available for Linux. FVWM FVWM is a traditional window manager for Linux systems. It is now into its second major version, FVWM2. Window Maker Window Maker is an elegant X11 window manager designed to give integration support to GNUstep-based applications. It emulates the look and feel of OpenStep, the NeXTSTEP GUI. Enlightenment Enlightenment, often shortened to just E, may be the most elaborate and bizarre window manager available. Enlightenment’s motto, “time to rethink everything,” provides a good indication of the uniqueness and flashiness behind Enlightenment. Using GNOME GNOME, which stands for GNU Network Object Model Environment, is a freely available desktop environment that can be used with any of several window managers, including Enlightenment and Sawfish. Using KDE KDE, the K Desktop Environment, is another freely available desktop environment. KDE includes an assortment of games and utilities, as well as an integrated suite of office productivity applications.. -
Introduction to the Enlightenment Foundation Libraries
Introduction to the Enlightenment foundation libraries. An overview of EFL Kostis Kapelonis Introduction to the Enlightenment foundation libraries.: An overview of EFL Kostis Kapelonis Abstract The target audience of this document are UNIX programmers who are interested in the Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL). You must already know C programming. You will not however learn how to program using the EFL. Instead, you will learn why you should program with the EFL. If you ever wanted to evaluate the EFL but did not see any advantages over previous graphic libraries then this document is for you! Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 A little History ...................................................................................................................1 Related documentation ......................................................................................................... 2 Obtaining the EFL libraries ................................................................................................... 2 2. The EFL structure .................................................................................................................... 4 Organization of the Libraries ................................................................................................. 4 Brief description of each EFL library ...................................................................................... 5 3. -
NCD Thin Client Xware User's Guide
NCD NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Part Number 5401612 June 1998 Network Computing Devices, Inc. 350 North Bernardo Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043-5207 Technical support: 503/641-2200 Technical support FAX: 503/641-2959 Email: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.ncd.com Copyright Copyright © 1998 by Network Computing Devices, Inc. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. NCD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS CONTAINED HEREIN OR FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MATERIAL. This document contains information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Made in the U.S.A. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of NCD. Title to and ownership of the Software, and all copies thereof, shall at all times reside with NCD and its licensors, and is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Trademarks Network Computing Devices is a registered trademark of Network Computing Devices, Inc. NCDnet, NCDware, and Thin Client Xware FTP are trademarks of Network Computing Devices, Inc. Apple and LaserWriter are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Citrix, WinFrame, and ICA are registered trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. DECnet, DECwindows, VMS, VT, and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation. Hewlett-Packard and LaserJet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. HP-UX is a trademark of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. -
Lightweight Distros on Test
GROUP TEST LIGHTWEIGHT DISTROS LIGHTWEIGHT DISTROS GROUP TEST Mayank Sharma is on the lookout for distros tailor made to infuse life into his ageing computers. On Test Lightweight distros here has always been a some text editing, and watch some Linux Lite demand for lightweight videos. These users don’t need URL www.linuxliteos.com Talternatives both for the latest multi-core machines VERSION 2.0 individual apps and for complete loaded with several gigabytes of DESKTOP Xfce distributions. But the recent advent RAM or even a dedicated graphics Does the second version of the distro of feature-rich resource-hungry card. However, chances are their does enough to justify its title? software has reinvigorated efforts hardware isn’t supported by the to put those old, otherwise obsolete latest kernel, which keeps dropping WattOS machines to good use. support for older hardware that is URL www.planetwatt.com For a long time the primary no longer in vogue, such as dial-up VERSION R8 migrators to Linux were people modems. Back in 2012, support DESKTOP LXDE, Mate, Openbox who had fallen prey to the easily for the i386 chip was dropped from Has switching the base distro from exploitable nature of proprietary the kernel and some distros, like Ubuntu to Debian made any difference? operating systems. Of late though CentOS, have gone one step ahead we’re getting a whole new set of and dropped support for the 32-bit SparkyLinux users who come along with their architecture entirely. healthy and functional computers URL www.sparkylinux.org that just can’t power the newer VERSION 3.5 New life DESKTOP LXDE, Mate, Xfce and others release of Windows. -
GNU Guix Cookbook Tutorials and Examples for Using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager
GNU Guix Cookbook Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager The GNU Guix Developers Copyright c 2019 Ricardo Wurmus Copyright c 2019 Efraim Flashner Copyright c 2019 Pierre Neidhardt Copyright c 2020 Oleg Pykhalov Copyright c 2020 Matthew Brooks Copyright c 2020 Marcin Karpezo Copyright c 2020 Brice Waegeneire Copyright c 2020 Andr´eBatista Copyright c 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber Copyright c 2021 Joshua Branson Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". i Table of Contents GNU Guix Cookbook ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Scheme tutorials ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1.1 A Scheme Crash Course :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2 Packaging :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1 Packaging Tutorial:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1.1 A \Hello World" package :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1.2 Setup:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.1.2.1 Local file ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.1.2.2 `GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH' ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.1.2.3 Guix channels ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 2.1.2.4 Direct checkout hacking:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 2.1.3 Extended example :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
1 What Is Gimp? 3 2 Default Short Cuts and Dynamic Keybinding 9
GUM The Gimp User Manual version 1.0.0 Karin Kylander & Olof S Kylander legalities Legalities The Gimp user manual may be reproduced and distributed, subject to the fol- lowing conditions: Copyright © 1997 1998 by Karin Kylander Copyright © 1998 by Olof S Kylander E-mail: [email protected] (summer 98 [email protected]) The Gimp User Manual is an open document; you may reproduce it under the terms of the Graphic Documentation Project Copying Licence (aka GDPL) as published by Frozenriver. This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANT- ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the Graphic Documentation Project Copying License for more details. GRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION PROJECT COPYING LICENSE The following copyright license applies to all works by the Graphic Docu- mentation Project. Please read the license carefully---it is similar to the GNU General Public License, but there are several conditions in it that differ from what you may be used to. The Graphic Documentation Project manuals may be reproduced and distrib- uted in whole, subject to the following conditions: The Gimp User Manual Page i Legalities All Graphic Documentation Project manuals are copyrighted by their respective authors. THEY ARE NOT IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. • The copyright notice above and this permission notice must be preserved complete. • All work done under the Graphic Documentation Project Copying License must be available in source code for anyone who wants to obtain it. The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. -
Development Version from Github
Qtile Documentation Release 0.13.0 Aldo Cortesi Dec 24, 2018 Contents 1 Getting started 1 1.1 Installing Qtile..............................................1 1.2 Configuration...............................................4 2 Commands and scripting 21 2.1 Commands API............................................. 21 2.2 Scripting................................................. 24 2.3 qshell................................................... 24 2.4 iqshell.................................................. 26 2.5 qtile-top.................................................. 27 2.6 qtile-run................................................. 27 2.7 qtile-cmd................................................. 27 2.8 dqtile-cmd................................................ 30 3 Getting involved 33 3.1 Contributing............................................... 33 3.2 Hacking on Qtile............................................. 35 4 Miscellaneous 39 4.1 Reference................................................. 39 4.2 Frequently Asked Questions....................................... 98 4.3 License.................................................. 99 i ii CHAPTER 1 Getting started 1.1 Installing Qtile 1.1.1 Distro Guides Below are the preferred installation methods for specific distros. If you are running something else, please see In- stalling From Source. Installing on Arch Linux Stable versions of Qtile are currently packaged for Arch Linux. To install this package, run: pacman -S qtile Please see the ArchWiki for more information on Qtile. Installing -
Editors Desk ...2
The content of this magazine is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. For more information visit user http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 TM Issue #1 - April 2009 EDITORS DESK ................................ 2 COMMUNITY NEWS ........................ 3 CHOOSING A DE/WM ...................... 4 HARDENING SSH IN 60 SECONDS .................................... 6 GAMERS CORNER .......................... 9 TIPS & TRICKS ............................... 10 PIMP MY ARCH .............................. 11 SOFTWARE REVIEW ......................12 Q&A ..................................................14 EEDDIITTOORRSS DDEESSKK Welcome to the first issue of Arch User Magazine! ARCH USER STAFF Daniel Griffiths (Ghost1227) ........... Editor ello, and thank you for picking up issue #1 of Arch User Magazine! While David Crouse (Crouse) .......... Contributor the vast majority of you probably know me (or have at least seen me H around the forums), I feel that I should take a moment to introduce myself. My name is Daniel Griffiths, and I am a 26-year-old independent contractor in Delaware, US. Throughout my life, I have wandered through various UNIX/Linux systems including (but not limited to) MINIX, RedHat, Mandrake, Slackware, Gentoo, Debian, and even two home made distributions based on Linux From Scratch. I finally found Arch in 2007 and instantly fell in love with its elegant simplicity. Some of our more attentive readers may note that Arch already has a monthly newsletter. With the existence of the aformentioned newsletter, what is the point of adding another news medium to the mix? Fear not, newsletter readers, I have no intention of letting Arch User Magazine take the place of the newsletter. In fact, Arch User Magazine and the newsletter are intended to fill two very different needs in the Arch community. -
Debian 1 Debian
Debian 1 Debian Debian Part of the Unix-like family Debian 7.0 (Wheezy) with GNOME 3 Company / developer Debian Project Working state Current Source model Open-source Initial release September 15, 1993 [1] Latest release 7.5 (Wheezy) (April 26, 2014) [±] [2] Latest preview 8.0 (Jessie) (perpetual beta) [±] Available in 73 languages Update method APT (several front-ends available) Package manager dpkg Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC, SPARC, ARM, MIPS, S390 Kernel type Monolithic: Linux, kFreeBSD Micro: Hurd (unofficial) Userland GNU Default user interface GNOME License Free software (mainly GPL). Proprietary software in a non-default area. [3] Official website www.debian.org Debian (/ˈdɛbiən/) is an operating system composed of free software mostly carrying the GNU General Public License, and developed by an Internet collaboration of volunteers aligned with the Debian Project. It is one of the most popular Linux distributions for personal computers and network servers, and has been used as a base for other Linux distributions. Debian 2 Debian was announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock, and the first stable release was made in 1996. The development is carried out by a team of volunteers guided by a project leader and three foundational documents. New distributions are updated continually and the next candidate is released after a time-based freeze. As one of the earliest distributions in Linux's history, Debian was envisioned to be developed openly in the spirit of Linux and GNU. This vision drew the attention and support of the Free Software Foundation, who sponsored the project for the first part of its life. -
Shells and Processes
Shells and Processes Bryce Boe 2012/08/08 CS32, Summer 2012 B Outline • Operang Systems and Linux Review • Shells • Project 1 Part 1 Overview • Processes • Overview For Monday (Sor>ng Presentaons) OS Review • Operang systems – Manages system resources: cpu, memory, I/O – Types: single/mul>-user and single/mul>-process – Provides Fairness, security Self Check Quesons • What is the primary benefit oF a mul>-process OS over a single process OS? How is this accomplished? • Explain the difference between mul>programming and mul>tasking Self Check Answers • What is the primary benefit oF a mul>-process OS over a single process OS? How is this accomplished? – Increased resource u>lizaon (primarily oF the CPU) accomplished by scheduling other processes when the currently running process requires I/O SelF Check Answers cont. • Explain the difference between mul>programming and mul>tasking – Mul>programming systems switch the running process when that process requires I/O. – Mul>tasking systems periodically switch the running process aer some (typically minute) period of me Linux Architecture Shells What is a shell? • A shell is a program that provides the interFace between the user and the operang system • Can be used to tell the OS to: – Execute programs (as processes) – Stop, or pause processes – Create, copy, move, remove files – Load or unload device drivers Types of Shells • Command line shells: – Provide a textual input as the user-interFace – Bourne shell (sh), C shell (csh), Bourne-Again shell (bash), cmd.exe • Graphical shells – Provide a point-and-click