Rules for the Certification and Construction IV Industrial Services
7 Offshore Substations
3 General Safety
Edition 2013 The following Rules come into force on 1 October 2013.
Germanischer Lloyd SE
Head Office Brooktorkai 18, 20457 Hamburg, Germany Phone: +49 40 36149-0 Fax: +49 40 36149-200 [email protected]
www.gl-group.com
"General Terms and Conditions" of the respective latest edition will be applicable (see Rules for Classification and Construction, I - Ship Technology, Part 0 - Classification and Surveys).
Reproduction by printing or photostatic means is only permissible with the consent of Germanischer Lloyd SE.
Published by: Germanischer Lloyd SE, Hamburg Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Substations Chapter 3 General Safety Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Section 1 Risk Assessment / Hazard Identification A General ...... 1-1 B Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Process ...... 1-1
Section 2 Marking Platform A General ...... 2-1 B Substation Marking Equipment...... 2-1
Section 3 Means of Escape and Evacuation A General ...... 3-1 B Design Principles ...... 3-2 C Muster Area ...... 3-4 D Electrical Requirements...... 3-4 E Documentation...... 3-5
Section 4 Live-Saving Appliances A General ...... 4-1 B Survival Crafts...... 4-2 C Rescue Boats...... 4-3 D Lifejackets ...... 4-4 E Immersion Suits and Anti-Exposure Suits ...... 4-4 F Lifebuoys...... 4-4 G Radio Life-Saving Appliances...... 4-5 H Distress Flares ...... 4-5 I Line-Throwing Appliances ...... 4-5 J Emergency Warnings and Instructions ...... 4-5
Section 5 Access and Transfer A General ...... 5-1 B Boatlanding ...... 5-1 C Personal Transfer by Crane...... 5-2 D Helicopter Landing Facilities...... 5-5 E Safety Provisions for Helicopter Facilities...... 5-7 F Helicopter Winching Facilities...... 5-9
Section 6 Fire Safety - General A General ...... 6-1 B Fire Control Stations ...... 6-2 C Fire Control Plans ...... 6-2 D Definitions ...... 6-3 E Submission of Documents ...... 6-4
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Section 7 Passive Fire Protection A Materials and Definition of Spaces ...... 7-1 B Ventilation and Fire Dampers ...... 7-6
Section 8 Active Fire Protection A General ...... 8-1 B Arrangements in Machinery Spaces and Spaces Containing Fired Processes ...... 8-2 C Arrangements in Spaces Containing Large Oil Filled Electrical Equipment...... 8-2 D Additional Requirements for Specific Lockers and Galley Facilities...... 8-3 E Water Fire Extinguishing Systems...... 8-3 F Foam Fire Extinguishing Systems ...... 8-6 G Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems ...... 8-8 H Portable Fire Extinguishers and Fireman's Outfit ...... 8-13
Section 9 Fire and Gas Detection Alarm Systems A General ...... 9-1 B Manual Alarm ...... 9-2 C Arrangement of Fire Detectors and Alarm Loops ...... 9-2 D Public Address and General Alarm System...... 9-3
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Section 1 Risk Assessment / Hazard Identification
A General ...... 1-1 B Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Process ...... 1-1
A General
A.1 Scope This section provides general requirements for safety assessments, aiming for identifying and evaluating hazard and managing the risks.
A.2 Definitions HAZARD [ISO 17776:2000] A Hazard is a potential Source of harm, which may be related to • human injury, • damage to the environment, • damage to property or • a combination of these A HAZARDOUS EVENT [ISO 17776:2000] is an incident which occurs, when a hazard is realized. RISK [ISO 17776:2000] Risk is the combination of probability of an event and the consequence of the event.
A.3 Application For new installations or activities it is important to identify potential hazards as early as possible, in order that sufficient time can be given to the study and evaluation of the hazard before determining the most appropriate solutions to manage it. It is always easier to make modifications early in the design stage of a project, when changes can be made with minimal effect on cost and schedule. [ISO 17776:2000] Safety assessment comprised the application of recognized design standards. National and international standards will provide the basis for detailed engineering design by the application of, and findings from, the assessment. The basic principles of the assessment shall be applied to all aspects of the installation design including • arrangement, • structural and electrical design, • fire and explosion protection, • access and transfer as well as • emergency response.
B Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Process Hazard Identification and risk assessment involves a series of steps as described below: Step 1 Identification of the hazard This should be done based upon consideration of factors such as: • External hazards (e. g. ship collision, extreme environmental conditions, helicopter crash) • Arrangement of equipment
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• Substances handled on the substation • Operating and maintenance procedures and conditions Step 2 Assessment of the Risk This should be done based on the hazards identified and by consideration of the tolerability to personnel, the facility and the environment. This normally involves the identification of • initiating events, • identification of possible accident escalation • estimation of the probability • assessment of consequences The acceptability of the estimated risk must then be judged based upon criteria appropriate to the particu- lar situation. Such risk acceptance criteria, which are the limits above which the operator will not tolerate risk on the installation, shall be defined for each type of risk assessed. Step 3 Risk mitigation Where the risk level is deemed to be not acceptable, the definition of measures for mitigation of risk is required. This involves identifying opportunities to reduce the probability and/or consequence of a haz- ardous event. Different risk levels may require different strategies to manage them. For instance, major risks may re- quire quantitative assessment with detailed mitigation recommendations developed while negligible risks may be controlled by simple compliance with codes or standards. Codes & Standards: • [1] GL Rules for Fixed Offshore Installations (IV-6-3), Section 1, C.4 • [2] ISO 17776, 2000 • [3] BSH 7005, page 28 Risk assessment for the significant working phases • [4] MODU 2009 / SOLAS • Other codes and Standards may be accepted in case by case
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Section 2 Marking Platform
A General ...... 2-1 B Substation Marking Equipment...... 2-1
A General
A.1 Visual marking
A.1.1 The parts of substructure above the water level as well as the topsides of the installation shall be painted according to local authority requirements to facilitate best visibility for the ship traffic (e.g. yel- low, see e.g. IALA O-139).
A.1.2 The installation shall be also marked with nameplates for close-up range identification, visible from all sides of the platform. The identification marking shall be visible during day and night time and shall be illuminated during darkness. Identification shall be generally provided with black letters/numbers of 1m height on yellow background. Detailed font type, location and illumination of identification marking shall be agreed with the local author- ity. For the installation in German waters for example please refer to the requirements (WSD Richtlinie) for an approved “Kennzeichnungskonzept” and “Umsetzungsplan”.
B Substation Marking Equipment
B.1 Offshore units and installations fixed at the operation site are to be equipped with nautical facilities conforming to the IALA Recommendations for the Marking of Man-made Offshore Structures (IALA O-139) and the requirements for safety of navigation of the coastal state in whose waters the site is located. These may include signal lights and sound signaling devices for fog as well as other systems such as Radar beacons, Sonar or Automatic Identification System (AIS, see IALA A-126).
B.2 AIS, signal lights and sound signalling devices for fog which transmit a coded signal for the identification of the offshore structure are to be provided with their own emergency battery. The capacity of this battery, assuming simultaneous operation of all consumers, is to be rated to provide a supply for at least 96 hours, unless some other period is specified by national regulations.
B.3 The coding and range of the radio, visual and sound signalling equipment are governed by the national regulations relating to the site.
B.4 The switchboard for the signalling equipment is preferably to be sited in a permanently manned room, e.g. the control station or an equivalent location. The switchboard IP rating shall be in line with its installation location according to the requirements as set out in GL Rules for Electrical Equipment (IV-7-5).
B.5 Each signalling device is to be supplied from the switchboard by its own feeder which is to be protected by a fuse or automatic circuit breaker.
B.6 The failure of a signalling device is to be indicated visually and audibly and shall be also indi- cated in the station control system.
B.7 The switchboards are to be supplied from the emergency switchboard and a suitable emer- gency battery fulfilling the requirements as mentioned in GL Rules for Electrical Equipment (IV-7-5).
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In the event of a mains failure, the supply shall switch automatically to the emergency battery.
B.8 A charger is to be assigned exclusively to meet the needs of the battery. Failure of the charger and switch-over to the battery shall be indicated at the switchboard and in the station control system.
B.9 Where the signalling devices are switched on and off automatically, e.g. by photo-electric switches, remote control, radio signals or visibility sensors, the switchboard is to be provided with a man- ual/automatic selector switch. The operating mode at any time shall be indicated and controlled by the station control system.
B.10 Additionally to the above requirements concerning marine navigational aids, also the installa- tion of aviation obstruction lights shall be considered in case of elevated structures above a helicopter landing deck on the substation. Applicable rules and standards (e.g. ICAO, CAP437, etc.) as well as ap- plicable national regulations shall be observed. For details refer also to GL Rules for Electrical Equipment (IV-7-5).
B.11 Requirements for tests and type approvals of such marking equipment may be considered. Please note, that the local authorities may have the requirements for type approval of the Substation and Wind Farm marking equipment as well as for initial and/or periodical inspections of these items.
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Section 3 Means of Escape and Evacuation
A General ...... 3-1 B Design Principles ...... 3-2 C Muster Area ...... 3-4 D Electrical Requirements...... 3-4 E Documentation...... 3-5
A General
A.1 Scope In case of emergency both matters, escape and evacuation are subject to this Section which describes principles, requirements and guidance for the design of adequate and effective facilities for safe and con- trolled disembarkation of the personnel on the installation/unit. All matters respecting survivability shall be combined in an evacuation, an escape and a rescue strategy.
A.2 Codes and Standards Following codes and standards shall apply: • IMO SOLAS Chapter II-2, as amended • ISO 14122 Safety machinery – Permanent means of access to machinery – Part 1 to 4 • ISO 17631 Ships and marine technology – Ship-board plans for fire protection, life-saving appli- ances and means of escape • see also codes and standards in Section 5 Access and Transfer • National requirements are subject to the location of the installation/unit and to be observed
A.3 Definitions
A.3.1 Emergency lighting Lighting which will ensure adequate light conditions on the installation in the event of failure of the main power supply.
A.3.2 Escape The act of persons moving away from a hazardous event to a safer place.
A.3.3 Evacuation The planned and controlled method of leaving the installation without directly entering the sea.
A.3.4 Hazardous area Three-dimensional space in which a explosive gas atmosphere may be expected to be present at such frequencies as to require special precautions for the control of potential ignition sources.
A.3.5 Non-hazardous area Area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not expected to be present in quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus and equipment.
A.3.6 Muster area Area where mustering shall take place in the event of general and/or evacuation alarm.
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A.4 Abbreviations IMO International Maritime Organization PA Public address system SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea (IMO) UPS Uninterruptible power supply
B Design Principles
B.1 Escape Routing
B.1.1 General
B.1.1.1 In every area which is likely to be regularly or temporarily manned or in which personnel are accommodated at least two separate escape routes shall be provided, situated as far apart as practica- ble, to allow ready means of escape to the open decks and embarkation stations. Primary and secondary escape routes shall be foreseen. Exceptionally, GL may permit only one route of escape, due regard paid to the nature and location of spaces and to the number of persons who might normally be accommodated or employed there.
B.1.1.2 Two routes of escape shall be provided from every machinery space such as those containing major electrical equipment.
B.1.1.3 Every escape route shall be readily accessible and unobstructed and all exit doors along the route shall be readily operable. Dead-end corridors exceeding 7 m in length are not permitted. Switch- boards more than 7 m long shall not form dead end corridors.
B.1.1.4 Primary escape routes and stairways shall not be less than 1000 mm in clear width and 2.1 m in height (2050 mm for doors). It has to be ensured that access ways are sufficiently sized to allow for stretcher operation from all accessible parts of the platform.
B.1.1.5 Escape routes shall be well marked, including signs. Marking shall show the preferred direc- tion of escape.
B.1.1.6 Personnel shall be able to use the escape routes without being exposed to excessive toxic fumes, smoke or unacceptable heat loads, hot liquids or falling objects. Special consideration is to be given to routing of medium and high voltage cables in escape routes.
B.1.1.7 Escape routes should not be routed over hatches or lay-down areas.
B.1.1.8 Escape routes on deck shall be provided with non-skid coating or equivalent means.
B.1.1.9 In addition to these requirements of this chapter, national requirements, if applicable, for emer- gency escape and arrangement of stairs and ladders are to be observed.
B.1.2 Door arrangement
B.1.2.1 Doors in escape routes shall, in general, open in-way of the direction of escape, except that individual cabin doors may open into the cabins in order to avoid injury to persons in the corridor when the door is opened.
B.1.2.2 All doors shall be constructed so that one person can easily open them from either side. They shall open in the direction of escape, without blocking the outside escape route.
B.1.3 Stairs, ladders
B.1.3.1 Stairways shall normally be used for means of vertical escape, however, a vertical ladder may be used for secondary means of escape when the installation of a stairway is shown to be impracticable.
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B.1.3.2 Stairs and ladders are to be designed according to ISO 14122. Landings shall have the same size as the stairways.
B.1.3.3 Ladders, stairs and walkways shall be of steel or other equivalent material.
B.1.4 Lifts
B.1.4.1 Lifts shall not be considered as forming one of the required means of escape. However, it shall be possible to escape from the lift and the hoist way with the lift at any elevation. Upon loss of main power supply, lifts shall automatically go to next floor level and stop.
B.1.4.2 Any lift shall meet requirements of local regulations and shall be inspected, tested and main- tained by qualified persons.
B.2 Rescue and Recovery
B.2.1 General It shall be possible to rescue and recover persons from sea back to platform or to a safe place.
B.2.1.1 Opportunities to rescue and to recover persons shall be available in acc. to location, environ- mental conditions and number of persons.
B.2.1.2 A rescue and recovery philosophy and plan shall be prepared. Following items to be observed: • number of persons who may need to be rescued or recovered • capacity, remoteness and response time of the emergency services • potential limitations on availability, e.g. daytime, weather conditions and sea states • all stages of the operation to be covered • additional work activities are required, e.g. over side, under deck • additional tools for emergency situations
B.3 Evacuation
B.3.1 The purpose of the evacuation system is to ensure means of safe abandonment of the instal- lation/unit for the maximum personnel on board, following a hazardous incident and a decision to aban- don the installation/unit.
B.3.2 The preferred methods of evacuation for installations/units have to be defined and may include the following: • helicopter • lifeboats, conventional or free-fall • escape chute with life rafts • life rafts, over board or davit launched • boat landing
B.3.3 Number, size and location of evacuation means shall be established based on manning, risk analyses (e.g. risk exposure of muster area and escape routes towards this area) and the evacuation, escape and rescue strategy. Primary and secondary means to be named.
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C Muster Area
C.1 General
C.1.1 At least one safe route of two from any position on the installation/unit to the muster area shall be available.
C.1.2 The muster areas and the access to the evacuation station shall be arranged and protected in order to evacuate the actual number of personnel in an organized and efficient way. Special consideration is to be made to movement of persons on stretchers.
C.1.3 The muster area shall be located at lifeboat embarkation point or in a protected area with di- rect access to lifeboats or other primary way of escape.
C.1.4 Muster and embarkation stations should be adequately illuminated by emergency lighting.
C.2 Communication and Control
C.2.1 The PA, alarm and communication system shall warn and guide personnel as quickly as pos- sible in the event of a hazardous or emergency situation.
C.2.2 Minimum following communication facilities are to be provided at primary muster station: • Two hand portable radios • Technical facilities to make PA announcements
C.2.3 Facilities to initiate emergency shutdown, if provided, are to be arranged in the vicinity of the muster station.
C.2.4 The PA, alarm and emergency communication systems depend on emergency power sys- tems, consisting of emergency generators and UPS.
D Electrical Requirements
D.1 Emergency lighting and power supply Details see Chapter 5.
D.2 Escape route lighting
D.2.1 In addition to the emergency lighting the means of escape in accommodation areas, including stairways and exits, should be marked by lighting or photo luminescent strip indicators placed not more than 300 mm above the deck at all points of the escape route, including angles and intersections. The marking should enable personnel to identify the routes of escape and readily identify the escape exits. If electric illumination is used, it should be supplied by the emergency source of power and it should be so arranged that the failure of any single light or cut in a lighting strip will not result in the marking being inef- fective. Additionally, escape route signs and fire equipment location markings should be of photo lumi- nescent material or marked by lighting.
D.2.2 Such lighting or photo luminescent equipment has been evaluated, tested and applied in ac- cordance with the SOLAS.
D.3 Public address, alarm and emergency communication Details see GL Rules for Electrical Equipment (IV-7-5).
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E Documentation
E.1 General All documents submitted for approval and/or review shall include all required details.
E.2 List of documents Following drawings are subject for review and approval: • safety plans showing escape and embarkation at each level of the installation/unit with routes and means for personnel protection with following details: ◦ primary and secondary means of escape to be mentioned ◦ width of stairways, doors, corridors and landing areas ◦ muster areas ◦ means of life-saving appliances ◦ location of personal protective equipment • arrangements drawings of stairs and ladders • lighting layouts including marked emergency lighting arrangement • lighting calculation
E.3 Evacuation analysis Escape routes shall be evaluated by an evacuation analysis early in the design process. The analysis shall be used to identify and eliminate, as far as practicable, congestion which may develop during aban- donment, due to normal movement of personnel and crew along escape routes, including the possibility that a rescue team may need to move along these routes in a direction opposite the movement of per- sonnel. In addition, the analysis shall be used to demonstrate that escape arrangements are sufficiently flexible to provide for the possibility that certain escape routes, assembly stations, embarkation stations or survival craft may not be available as a result of a casualty.
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Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Substations Chapter 3 General Safety Section 4 Live-Saving Appliances
Section 4 Live-Saving Appliances
A General ...... 4-1 B Survival Crafts...... 4-2 C Rescue Boats...... 4-3 D Lifejackets ...... 4-4 E Immersion Suits and Anti-Exposure Suits ...... 4-4 F Lifebuoys...... 4-4 G Radio Life-Saving Appliances...... 4-5 H Distress Flares ...... 4-5 I Line-Throwing Appliances...... 4-5 J Emergency Warnings and Instructions ...... 4-5
A General
A.1 Definitions For the purpose of this chapter, unless expressly provided otherwise, the terms used, relating to lifesav- ing appliances, are as defined in SOLAS regulation III/3.
A.2 Rules and Guidelines
A.2.1 Life-saving appliances should be evaluated, tested and approved, as provided in SOLAS regu- lations III/4 and III/5.
A.2.2 New and novel life-saving appliances should meet the applicable provisions of SOLAS chapter III, including those for servicing and maintenance.
A.2.3 Life-saving appliances and equipment shall comply with the relevant applicable International and/or National Regulations and GL Rules. All such equipment shall be type approved and tested in acc. to SOLAS and national requirements. Stricter requirements may be necessary to fulfill survivability requirements.
A.2.3.1 International regulations The following international regulations are relevant at the time of issue of these Guidelines: • International Maritime Organization (IMO): International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Chapter III - Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements, as far as practicable • International Life-Saving Appliances Code (LSA), IMO Resolution MSC.320(89) adopted 2011 enter- ing into force on the 1st January 2013
A.2.3.2 European regulations The following regulations of the European Communities are relevant at the time of issue of these Guide- lines: • Maritime Equipment Directive 96/98/EC (MED) Amended by 2008/67/EC of 30 June 2008
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B Survival Crafts
B.1 Manned installations
B.1.1 On each manned installation at least one lifeboat complying with the requirements of the LSA Code shall be provided. Depending on outcome of evacuation assessment more than one may be re- quired based on actual size of the installation, overall number of persons onboard and general platform arrangement. The lifeboat capacity has to be sufficient to accommodate the total number of persons on board.
B.1.2 Special consideration is to be given to retrieval of persons from sea. For this purpose a life- boat with MOB capabilities or a fast rescue boat shall be provided. A lifeboat may be accepted as a res- cue boat, provided that it and its launching and recovery arrangements also comply with the requirements for a rescue boat.
B.2 Manned and unmanned installations:
B.2.1 On each installation a launchable liferaft or liferafts, complying with the requirements of the LSA Code shall be provided. The liferafts shall be approved to the actual operating height, capable of being launched on either side of the unit. The total capacity available on each side shall be sufficient to accommodate the total number of persons on board, unless an analysis is presented and approved by GL to show that a smaller capacity can be accepted.
B.3 Unmanned installations
B.3.1 Special consideration is to be given to retrieval of persons from sea. This can be achieved • by installation of rescue boat on the platform; or • by having a vessel with MOB capabilities in the immediate vicinity of the installation when people are on board.
B.4 Survival craft launching stations
B.4.1 Survival craft launching stations should be in such positions as to ensure safe launching hav- ing particular regard to clearance from steeply overhanging portions of the platform. As far as possible, launching stations should be located so that survival craft can be launched down a straight side of the platform, except for: • survival craft specially designed for free-fall launching; and • survival craft mounted on structures intended to provide clearance from lower structures.
B.4.2 Operating instructions and illustrations should be provided on or in the vicinity of survival craft and their launching controls and should: • illustrate the purpose of controls and the procedures for operating the appliance and give relevant instructions or warnings; • be easily seen under emergency lighting conditions; and • use symbols in accordance with the recommendations of SOLAS, MODU Code, National Regula- tions, etc. as far as applicable
B.5 Stowage of survival craft
B.5.1 Each survival craft should be stowed: • so that neither the survival craft nor its stowage arrangements will interfere with the operation of any other survival craft or rescue boat at any other launching station; • as near the water surface as is safe and practicable; • in a state of continuous readiness so that two crew members can carry out preparations for embar- kation and launching in less than 5 min;
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• fully equipped as required by the LSA Code; however, in the case of platforms installed in areas such that, in the opinion of GL, certain items of equipment are unnecessary, GL may allow these items to be dispensed with; • as far as practicable, in a secure and sheltered position and protected from damage by fire, explo- sion ore crane operation.
B.5.2 Lifeboats should be stowed attached to launching appliances.
B.5.3 Liferafts should be so stowed as to permit manual release of one raft or container at a time from their securing arrangements.
B.5.4 Davit-launched liferafts should be stowed within reach of the lifting hooks.
B.6 Survival craft launching and recovery arrangements
B.6.1 Launching appliances complying with the requirements of the LSA Code should be provided for all lifeboats and davit-launched liferafts.
B.6.2 Only one type of release mechanism should be used for similar survival craft carried on board the unit.
B.6.3 Preparation and handling of survival craft at any one launching station should not interfere with the prompt preparation and handling of any other survival craft or rescue boat at any other station.
B.6.4 During preparation and launching, the survival craft, its launching appliance and the area of water into which it is to be launched should be adequately illuminated by emergency lighting.
B.6.5 Prevent any discharge of fluids on to survival craft during abandonment.
B.6.6 All lifeboats required for abandonment by the total number of persons permitted on board, should be capable of being launched with their full complement of persons and equipment within 10 min from the time the signal to abandon the unit is given.
B.6.7 Manual brakes should be so arranged that the brake is always applied unless the operator, or a mechanism activated by the operator, holds the brake control in the “off” position.
B.6.8 Consideration should be given to the location and orientation of the survival craft with refer- ence to platform design and environmental orientation, such that clearance of the unit is achieved in an efficient and safe manner having due regard to the capabilities of the survival craft.
C Rescue Boats
C.1 Rescue boats should be stowed: • in a state of continuous readiness for launching in not more than 5 min; • if of an inflatable type, in a fully inflated condition at all times; • in a position suitable for launching and recovery; • so that neither the rescue boats nor their stowage arrangements will interfere with the operation of any survival craft at any other launching station; • in compliance with section B.5, if they are also lifeboats.
C.2 Launching arrangements should comply with B.6
C.3 Rapid recovery of the rescue boat should be possible when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment. If the rescue boat is also a lifeboat, rapid recovery should be possible when loaded with its lifeboat equipment and the approved rescue boat complement of at least six persons.
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C.4 Rescue boat embarkation and recovery arrangements should allow for safe and efficient han- dling of a stretcher case. Foul weather recovery strops should be provided for safety if heavy fall blocks constitute a danger.
D Lifejackets
D.1 A lifejacket complying with the requirements of the LSA Code should be provided for every person on board of the platform. In addition, a sufficient number of lifejackets should be stowed in suitable locations for those persons who may be on duty in locations where their lifejackets are not readily acces- sible. In addition, sufficient lifejackets should be available for use at remotely located survival craft.
D.2 Each lifejacket should be fitted with a lifejacket light complying with the requirements of the LSA Code.
E Immersion Suits and Anti-Exposure Suits
E.1 On each installation immersion suits complying with the requirements of the LSA Code, and of an appropriate size, for each person on board shall be provided. In addition: • a sufficient number of immersion suits should be stowed in suitable locations for those persons who may be on duty in locations where their immersion suits are not readily accessible; and • sufficient immersion suits should be available for use at remotely located survival craft positions to the satisfaction of the Administration.
E.2 In lieu of immersion suits as required by paragraph E.1, an anti-exposure suit complying with the LSA Code, of an appropriate size, should be provided for every person assigned to crew the rescue boat or assigned to a marine evacuation system party.
F Lifebuoys
F.1 At least eight lifebuoys of a type complying with the LSA Code should be provided on each unit. The number and placement of lifebuoys should be such that a lifebuoy is accessible from exposed locations.
F.2 Not less than one-half of the total number of lifebuoys should be provided with self-igniting lights of an approved electric battery type complying with the LSA Code. Not less than two of these should also be provided with self-activating smoke signals Lifebuoys with lights and those with lights and smoke signals should be equally distributed and should not be the lifebuoys provided with lifelines in compliance with the provisions of paragraph F.3. Lifebuoys fitted with self-igniting lights or self-activating smoke signals should be located outside hazard- ous areas.
F.3 At least two lifebuoys in widely separated locations should each be fitted with a buoyant life- line, the length of which should be at least one-and-a-half times the distance from the deck of stowage to the waterline or 30 m, whichever is greater. The lifeline should be so stowed that it can easily run out.
F.4 Each lifebuoy should be marked in block capitals of the Roman alphabet with the name of the installation.
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G Radio Life-Saving Appliances
G.1 Two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus
G.1.1 All lifeboats should carry a two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus. In addition, at least two such apparatuses should be available on the installation, so stowed that they can be rapidly placed in any liferaft.
G.1.2 All two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus should conform to applicable performance stan- dards as adopted by IMO.
G.2 Search and rescue locating device
G.2.1 All lifeboats should carry a search and rescue locating device. In addition, at least two such apparatuses should be available on the installation, so stowed that they can be rapidly placed in any lif- eraft.
G.2.2 All search and rescue locating devices should conform to applicable performance standards as adopted by IMO.
H Distress Flares
H.1 Not less than 12 rocket parachute flares complying with the LSA Code should be carried and stowed on or near a permanently manned location. If the installation is not permanently manned, the flares should be stowed in a location acceptable to the Administration.
I Line-Throwing Appliances
I.1 A line-throwing appliance complying with the requirements of the LSA Code should be pro- vided.
J Emergency Warnings and Instructions For alarm and public address system see GL Rules for Instrumentation (IV-7-6).
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Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Substations Chapter 3 General Safety Section 5 Access and Transfer
Section 5 Access and Transfer
A General ...... 5-1 B Boatlanding ...... 5-1 C Personal Transfer by Crane...... 5-2 D Helicopter Landing Facilities...... 5-5 E Safety Provisions for Helicopter Facilities...... 5-7 F Helicopter Winching Facilities...... 5-9
A General The transfer of personnel is one of the hazardous activities for offshore operations. Purpose, scope and responsibilities shall be clearly defined, to avoid any damage and loss of life. Such transfers require risk assessment, training and competence, responsibility, equipment and communications.
A.1 Risk asessment citeria Any transfer of persons or cargo between vessel/installation and installation shall be observed under the following premises: • Review of transfer options and selection of most safety practice • Risk of weather and sea conditions, vessel stability and crew experience • Vessels outfitting with position control and holding capacities • Position and orientation of vessel relating to the installation • Communication facilities • Visibility of activities
A.2 Type of transfer Ship to offshore structures and vice versa • via boat landing • via cranes • via permanent structures • via temporary automatic devices like robot arm or equivalent • via helicopter
A.3 Life sving apliances rquirements During all personnel transfer operations LSA incl. fast rescue boat shall be available and in state of readi- ness onboard the platform and/or onboard the vessel as required.
B Boatlanding
B.1 Boatlanding by vssel Boatlandings shall be built for fendering operations when a vessel docks or pushes against an installation structure.
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B.1.1 Design • The boat landings shall be designed to the expected loads from the largest expected size of service vessel. The maximum vessel size and approach speed shall be clearly marked on the boatlanding. • Two boatlandings should be considered, appropriately positioned to accommodate for prevailing wind, wave and tidal conditions.
B.1.2 Operation • As a minimum, all personnel shall be provided with appropriate personal protection equipment in- cluding safety harness, head protection and a high visibility life jacket. A survival suit shall always be available for use. • Cargo, tools and baggage shall not be carried by persons.
B.2 Boatlanding with gangway docking systems When a vessel mounted gangway which is connected directly or indirectly to the installation will be used, the following criteria should be applied:
B.2.1 Design • All parts (structure of the installation, the landing platform, the gangway and the docking arrange- ment) shall be designed to withstand loads and impacts from the largest expected size of service vessel. • The vessel shall have a dynamic positioning system. • The maximum vessel size and approach speed shall be clearly marked on the structure. Maximum safe working load and maximum number of people allowed on the gangway at any one time shall be clearly marked. • The docking system shall be certified by an independent certification body.
B.2.2 Operation • As a minimum, all personnel shall be provided with head protection and a high visibility life jacket. A survival suit shall always be available for use. • Cargo, tools and baggage shall not be carried by persons.
C Personal Transfer by Crane
C.1 Crane The crane shall be equipped with a special mode for personnel transfer. Range and operational loads are subject to the service requirements, mentioned in the specification and operations manual.
C.2 Type of personnel transfer system The selection of transfer system depends on Company’s knowledge and experiences. Various transfer system are available in the offshore market.
C.3 Location of boarding Several restrictions and requirements on board of the installation and on board the vessel shall apply for an easy boarding of personnel: • Size of area for both boarding and inspection for riggers as well as a free hoisting and lowering has to be safe and adequate. • Service range of lifting appliance during operation has to be considered. • Location of embarkation is to be marked. • Barriers to be installed to limit access only for authorized personal. • Area to be free of obstacles, e.g. each kind of piping, air vents, clamps, bollards etc.
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• Adequate illumination is to be provided. • Area to be wind-sheltered and spray protected. • Good visibility for both the crane operator and banksman. • Non-skid surface to be provided. • During transfer operation the required staff has to attend the operation permanently and without other duties. • In case of emergency safe exits for attending personnel is required.
C.4 Approval, tests and surveys All equipment required for personal transfer, such as cranes, personal transfer systems, wire and loose gear etc. shall be approved, surveyed and tested. Type approval of sophisticated transfer carriers is pref- erable. Generally it is not part of the Certificate or Classification procedure for ships or offshore structures, but lifting appliances and personnel transfer systems may be included in the general survey scheme upon Owner’s request.
C.5 Marking and identification
C.5.1 Lifting appliances The following items shall be permanently marked on the appliance: • manufacturer • year of construction • type • order or manufacturing number • characteristics like rated load etc. • certificate number of Certifying Body • testing date: Month/year • any other necessary details
C.5.2 Lifting equipment (personnel transfer system) The following items shall be permanently marked on the equipment: • manufacturer/ supplier • type • serial number • year of construction • weight of equipment in kilograms/tons • SWL/WLL in tons/kilograms • capacity of persons • minimum SWL for lifting appliance in tons • Certficate number of Certifying Body
C.5.3 Interchangeable components The following items shall be permanently marked on the equipment: • certificate number • stamp of Certifying Body • testing date : Month/year • WLL in tons
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C.6 Design requirements for lifting appliance Generally the crane shall be designed in compliance to DIN EN 13852-1 for loading and discharging goods in the applied range of service and applicable environmental conditions. The crane incl. ropes shall be approved for man-riding by recognized society. Due to higher safety aspects for personnel transfers additional requirements shall apply: • separate mode for personnel transfer started by a key-operated switch • this specific mode shall be able to guarantee both soft acceleration and retardation • normal lifting and lowering speed during personnel transfers shall be limited to 0.5 m/s maximum • secondary break circuit with an independent and separate control • range of service shall be limited to wind maximum 10 m/s sea and state maximum significant wave height of 2 m • connection to emergency power system in case of blackout or other defects • under all circumstances it shall be possible to lowering the load to a safe place • the activation switches or levers shall be of hold-to-run type and shall be marked clearly and perma- nently • the control station for emergency lowering shall be positioned in a place that gives the operator a clear view of the load and the lifting zone • communication system for the crane driver with the responsible person • specific transport appliance for personnel transfer • the automatic overload protection system (AOPS) shall not activated • a direct drive from the lifting equipment is not allowed
C.7 Design requirement for loose gear and interchangeable components For the purpose of these Regulations loose gear and interchangeable components includes following items: Hooks, swivels, rings, master links, shackles, pennants. The following shall be observed: • For personnel transfer services all loose gear tube calculated with a minimum static load of 10 times of the total load of the personnel transfer carrier, i.e. deadweight of equipment including loose gear plus weight of permissible load. • All loose gear shall be compatible with to both the lifting appliance and lifting equipment. • The crane hook has to be equipped with a safety latch or an additional secured safety device be- tween Crane hook and lifting equipment. • The pennant has to be manufactured with ferrules and thimbles. Wire grips are not allowed. For each appliance a separate pennant is required, minimum length 1000 mm. Multi-sling pennants (maximum 4) have to be combined in a ring or master link. All shackles shall be C-type.
C.8 Design requirements for personal transfer systems Several such carrier systems are available on the market with appropriated certification. The following design requirements are to be observed: • adequate fendering and shock absorbing system • to be equipped with suitable tag line • to be equipped with adequate rails and protective roof • to be equipped with adequate buoyancy devices to ensure self-righting in a stable condition when afloat • to be painted in bright color and marked with SWL and max. capacity of persons • to be equipped with fast click-buckle system and safe locking devices on access gates
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• to allow transport of stretchers in horizontal position for medevac purposes
C.9 Loads and load conditions
C.9.1 Loads Following loads to be considered: a) Accidental loads Are loads not normally occurring during installation and operating phases e.g. failing crane operations or falling dropped objects b) Dead load This is the self-weight of any component of the lifting appliance which is not included in any other load c) Design loads Load or load condition which forms basis for design and design verification d) Functional loads Loads due to normal operations including dynamic amplification e) Environmental loads Following influences and load effects have to be taken into consideration: Wind, waves (sea state, mainly significant wave height), temperature influences f) Permanent loads To be clearly documented and accounted for the design documents and calculations g) Static load For design of transfer units a calculation of all relevant forces shall apply including of load distribution of the equipment h) Test loads Required load for testing the lifting appliance and/or loose gear and/or lifting equipment. Safety factor is generally 2.2 × SWL.
C.9.2 Load conditions
C.9.2.1 Operating loads Operating loads include all loads occurring during normal operations, i.e. • permanent loads • defined limited environmental loads • functional loads, here especially crane loads
C.9.2.2 Limitation of operations Especially for cranes the change over to personnel lifting mode shall apply and extreme environmental loads, i.e. wind and sea state have to take into account. Furthermore any range limitation to be observed, if applicable.
D Helicopter Landing Facilities
D.1 Scope
D.1.1 This Section summarizes main design considerations relating to helicopter landing facilities. Details of facilities and aspects which are mostly aeronautically determined, like size and marking of the helicopter deck, clearances around the platform, sectors for approach and take-off have to be treated according to the relevant international and national regulations or codes.
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D.1.2 In this Section it is assumed that the structure of the helicopter deck is made of steel. If a structure made of aluminum alloys shall be provided, the design should follow international rules.
D.1.3 For electrical installations on helicopter facilities, e.g. obstruction, perimeter, windsock, flood and status lights see international standards. National requirements to be observed.
D.2 Standards and regulations Depending on the location of the offshore installation or the flag state of the offshore unit relevant national and international standards and regulations have to be fulfilled besides of these GL Rules. The following examples can be defined: • ISO 19901-3 Standard: Petroleum and Gas, Industries – Specific Requirements for Offshore Struc- tures – Topside Structure, 8.5 • IMO: Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU Code), Chapters 9 and 13 • IMO Res. A.855(20): Standards for on board Helicopter Facilities • ICS (International Chamber of Shipping): Guide to Helicopter/Ship Operations • CAP 437: Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas
D.3 Helicopter data For providing relevant helicopter facilities the Owner/Operator has to define the following information: types of helicopters to be operated • geometrical main dimensions, especially length of fuselage, number and diameters of rotors, etc. • total overall length of the helicopter when the rotors are turning (D-value) • weight, weight distribution and wheel or skid configuration • highest vertical rate of descent on the helicopter deck, e.g. because of a single engine failure, etc. • data for winching operations, if applicable • lashing systems to be provided • possibility of an unserviceable helicopter stowed on the side of the deck while a relief helicopter is required to land, if applicable • fuel used and type and capacity of refueling equipment to be provided • starting equipment, if applicable
D.4 Arrangement of the helicopter deck
D.4.1 For the arrangement of the helicopter deck the following aspects have to be considered: • location on the installation/unit with respect to prevailing wind conditions, air turbulence and quality of the air flow due to adjacent structures • hot gas thermal effects due to flare plumes or exhaust emissions, which may degrade helicopter per- formance by increasing the ambient temperature • clear approach and take-off sector as recommended in international or national standards, • helidecks should be at or above the highest point of the main structure • the obstacle-free sector should be positioned facing into the prevailing wind so that the helicopter can approach into wind with the deck in the right-hand quadrant as viewed from the helicopter and facilitating an into wind overshoot in the clear sector • ready and protected access to and from the accommodation area without the need to pass through working areas • effect of adjacent structures of one installation or vessel affecting the air quality and obstacle pro- tected surfaces of another installation or vessel
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D.4.2 In addition regarding the arrangement of the helicopter facilities within the whole installation or unit arrangement, applicable national regulations shall be observed.
D.5 Documentation to be submitted
D.5.1 Plans showing the arrangement, scantlings and details of the helicopter deck are to be submit- ted. The arrangement plan is to show the overall size of the helicopter deck and the designated landing area. If the arrangement provides for the securing of a helicopter or helicopters to the deck, the predeter- mined position(s) selected to accommodate the secured helicopter, in addition to location of deck fittings for securing the helicopter is to be shown.
D.5.2 The helicopter for which the deck is designed is to be specified and calculations for the rele- vant loading conditions are to be submitted.
D.5.3 Technical documentation for equipment, aviation fuel system and fire protection/fighting is to be provided.
E Safety Provisions for Helicopter Facilities
E.1 General This Section provides additional measures in order to address the fire safety objectives for units fitted with facilities for helicopters and meets the following functional provisions: • helideck structure should be adequate to protect the unit from the fire hazards associated with heli- copter operations; • fire-fighting appliances should be provided to adequately protect the unit from the fire hazards asso- ciated with helicopter operations; • refueling facilities and operations should provide the necessary measures to protect the unit from the fire hazards associated with helicopter operations. Helicopter facility operation manuals, have to be included in the operation manual. Appropriate training should be provided.
E.2 Construction The construction of the helidecks should be of steel or other equivalent materials. If the helideck forms the deck head of a deckhouse or superstructure, it should be insulated to “A-60” class standard. If alumi- num or other low melting point metal construction that is not made equivalent to steel is used, the follow- ing provisions should be satisfied: • after each fire on the helideck or supporting structure the helideck should undergo a structural analy- sis to determine its suitability for further use. • if the helideck is located above the units deckhouse or similar structure, the following conditions should be satisfied: • the deckhouse top and bulkheads under the helideck should have no openings; • windows under the helideck should be provided with steel shutters;
E.3 Escape A helideck should be provided with both a main and an emergency means of escape and access for fire- fighting and rescue personnel. These should be located as far apart from each other as is practicable and preferably on opposite sides of the helideck.
E.4 Fire fighting appliances In close proximity to the helideck, the following fire-fighting appliances should be provided and stored near the means of access to that helideck: • at least two dry powder extinguishers having a total capacity of not less than 45 kg; • carbon dioxide extinguishers of a total capacity of not less than 18 kg or equivalent;
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• a foam application system consisting of monitors or foam-making branch pipes capable of delivering foam to all parts of the helideck in all weather conditions in which the helideck is intended to be available for helicopter operations. The minimum capacity of the foam production system will depend upon the size of the area to be protected, the foam application rate, the discharge rates of installed equipment and the expected duration of application: • a minimum application rate of 6 l/m2 within a circle having a diameter equal to the D-value; • a minimum of 5 min discharge capability should be provided; • foam delivery at the minimum application rate should start within 30 s of system activation; • at least two nozzles of an approved dual-purpose type (jet/spray) and hoses sufficient to reach any part of the helideck; • in addition to the provisions in Section 8, H.2, two fire-fighter’s outfits; and other equipment should be stored in a manner that provides for immediate use and protection from the elements, see re- quirements of helideck regulations.
E.5 Drainage Drainage facilities in way of helidecks should be: • constructed of steel or other arrangements providing equivalent fire safety; • lead directly overboard independent of any other system; and • designed so that drainage does not fall onto any part of the unit.
E.6 Helicopter refueling Where the unit has helicopter refueling, national regulations and the following provisions should be com- plied with: • A designated area should be provided for the storage of fuel tanks which should be as remote as is practicable from accommodation spaces, escape routes and embarkation stations; and isolated from areas containing a source of vapor ignition;
E.6.1 The fuel storage area should be provided with arrangements whereby fuel spillage may be collected and drained to a safe location; tanks and associated equipment should be protected against physical damage and from a fire in an adjacent space or area;
E.6.2 Where portable fuel storage tanks are used, special attention should be given to: • design of the tank for its intended purpose; • mounting and securing arrangements; • electric bonding; and • inspection procedures;
E.6.3 Storage tank fuel pumps should be provided with means which permit shutdown from a safe remote location in the event of a fire. Where a gravity-fuelling system is installed, equivalent closing ar- rangements should be provided to isolate the fuel source;
E.6.4 The fuel pumping unit should be connected to one tank at a time. The piping between the tank and the pumping unit should be of steel or equivalent material, as short as possible, and protected against damage;
E.6.5 Electrical fuel pumping units and associated control equipment should be of a type suitable for the location and potential hazards;
E.6.6 Fuel pumping units should incorporate a device which will prevent over-pressurization of the delivery or filling hose;
E.6.7 Equipment used in refueling operations should be electrically bonded;
E.6.8 “NO SMOKING” signs should be displayed at appropriate locations.
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F Helicopter Winching Facilities
F.1 Winching operations
F.1.1 For any fixed offshore installation or any mobile offshore unit, for which helicopters are a nor- mal mode of transport of personnel, a helicopter landing area should be provided. Winching should not be adopted as a normal method of personnel transfer.
F.1.2 If a regular delivery of supplies by winching, like provisions, spare parts, etc., is planned, measures for a convenient material flow from the winching area has to be provided.
F.1.3 If winching operations are required, they shall be conducted in accordance with procedures agreed between the helicopter Operator, the Owner/ Operator of the offshore installation/unit and GL and shall be contained in the Operating Manual.
F.2 Winching areas
F.2.1 A winching area should, for operational effectiveness and safety, be located at the side or one end of an offshore installation/unit so that a large part of the maneuvering zone of the helicopter can ex- tend outside the installation/ unit. The position of the operating area shall enable the pilot of the helicopter hovering over the winching area to have an unobstructed view of the installation/unit and be in position which will minimize the effect of air turbulence and flue gases. The area shall, as far as possible, be posi- tioned clear of accommodation spaces, provide an adequate deck area for material and provide for safe access to the area from different directions.
F.2.2 In selecting a winching area the desirability of keeping the winching height to a minimum shall also be borne in mind. In routine operations a winching height greater than 12 m shall be avoided.
F.2.3 A winching area shall provide a “maneuvering zone” in which a clear zone shall be centered. The sizes of these areas are to be defined by the responsible national authority or flag state of the off- shore installation/ unit.
F.3 Winching above accommodation areas Some installation/units may only be able to provide winching areas which are situated above accommo- dation spaces. Due to the constraints of operating above such an area only twin-engine helicopters shall be used for such operations and the following procedures adhered to: • personnel shall be cleared from all spaces immediately below the helicopter operating area and from those spaces where the only means of escape is through the area immediately below the operating area • safe means of access to and escape from the operating area shall be provided by at least two inde- pendent routes • all doors, ports, skylights, etc. in the vicinity of the helicopter operating area shall be closed. This also applies to deck levels below the operating area. • fire and rescue parties shall be deployed in a ready state but sheltered from the helicopter operating are
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Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Substations Chapter 3 General Safety Section 6 Fire Safety - General
Section 6 Fire Safety - General
A General ...... 6-1 B Fire Control Stations ...... 6-2 C Fire Control Plans ...... 6-2 D Definitions ...... 6-3 E Submission of Documents ...... 6-4
A General
A.1 Safety Philosophy and Design Principles This Section provides principles for the design, construction and installation of fire protection for offshore substations. Minimum requirements will be described. Requirements for definition of fire scenarios and determination of safety criteria have to be defined in project specific documents, e.g. safety philosophy ore similar. For paint stores and battery rooms references to hazardous area classification and applicable codes and standards for protective measures (especially ventilation and gas detection) will be made.
A.2 Governmental Authority Attention is directed to the appropriate governmental Authority of the country in which the unit or installa- tion is to be registered, operated or installed, as there may be additional requirements depending on the size, type and intended service of the unit or installation as well as other particulars and details.
A.3 Application
A.3.1 The requirements in this Section apply to fire safety on fixed offshore installations; they are intended to make reference to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 2012 (SOLAS), as amended and to the MODU Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2009 or other applicable guidelines.
A.3.2 The term “Approved” relates to a material or construction, for which GL or other recognized authority has issued an Approval Certificate. A Type Approval Certificate can be issued on the basis of a successful standard fire test, which has been carried out by an independent and recognized fire testing institute.
A.4 Fire safety objectives The fire safety objectives of this chapter are to: • prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion; • reduce the risk to personnel caused by fire; • reduce the risk of damage caused by fire to the unit, its equipment and the environment; • contain, control and suppress fire and explosion in the compartment of origin; and • provide adequate and readily accessible means of escape for personnel.
A.5 Functional requirements In order to achieve the fire safety objectives, the following functional requirements are embodied in the regulations of this chapter as appropriate: 1. division of the unit into main vertical and horizontal zones by thermal and structural boundaries;
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2. separation of accommodation spaces from the remainder of the unit by thermal and structural boundaries; 3. restricted use of combustible materials; 4. detection of any fire in the zone of origin; 5. containment and extinction of any fire in the zone of origin; 6. protection of means of escape and access for fire-fighting; 7. ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances;
B Fire Control Stations
B.1 Arrangement At least one control station, which is to be permanently manned or remote controlled, shall be provided in the safe area. Depending on the design of the offshore installation or unit, a second control station may be required. The arrangement of the control station(s) is to be determined from case to case.
B.2 Equipment In the control station with the central fire alarm consoles the following items shall be provided: a) Means of communication between the stations essential to the safety of the installation/unit; b) arrangements for starting the fire pumps; c) manual means to set off the general and fire alarms; d) means of indicating whether fire doors are closed; e) the fire alarm central consoles, lists and location plans/tables of fire detectors and the control plans; f) the electric and electronic equipment as defined in GL Rules for Instrumentation (IV-7-6), Section 9, C
C Fire Control Plans A fire control plan to be submitted with following details: • control systems and stations • fire sections for “A” and “B” class divisions boundaries of fire areas • fire detectors and manual call points • fire detection system • fire alarm sounders, e.g. bells, loud speakers, etc. • fixed fire systems including release stations for accommodation, boiler and/or engine rooms, lockers, work shop, etc. • portable fire extinguishing appliances • ventilation systems with dampers, control stations for fans, stopping of forced ventilation and closing appliances for inlets and outlets • emergency escape breathing devices (EEBD) • fire pumps (main and emergency), fire main, hydrants, hoses and nozzles • remote stop of fuel pumps and quick closing valves for fuel tanks • locations of fire control plans • remote closures of fire doors, if required Additionally following drawings required:
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• general arrangement with all levels of the installation/unit indicating the purpose of each area or room and the arrangements of machinery and equipment • categories of fire sections horizontally and vertically including typical details of each category
D Definitions
D.1 Non-combustible material Non-combustible material means a material which neither burns nor gives off flammable vapours insuffi- cient quantity for self-ignition when heated to approximately 750 °C, this being determined to the satisfac- tion of GL by an established test procedure. Reference is made to the Fire Test Procedure Code, Annex 1, Part 1 adopted by IMO by Resolution MSC.307(88). Any other material is a combustible material.
D.2 Standard fire test A standard fire test is a test in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks are exposed, in a test furnace, to temperatures corresponding approximately to the standard time-temperature curve. Reference is made to the 2010 Fire Test Procedure Code (FTP Code).
D.3 "A" class divisions "A" class divisions are divisions formed by bulkheads and decks which comply with the following require- ments.
D.3.1 "A" class divisions shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material.
D.3.2 "A" class divisions shall be suitably stiffened.
D.3.3 "A" class divisions shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flames to the end of the one-hour standard fire test.
D.3.4 "A" class divisions shall be insulated with approved non-combustible materials such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140 °C as per FTP Code above the original temperature, nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180 °C above the original temperature within the time listed below: Class "A-60" 60 minutes Class "A-30" 30 minutes Class "A-15" 15 minutes Class "A-0" 0 minutes
D.4 "B" class divisions "B" class divisions are divisions formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings or linings which comply with the following requirements.
D.4.1 "B" class divisions shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flames until the end of the first half of the standard fire test. Reference is made to the 2010 Fire Test Pro- cedure Code.
D.4.2 "B" class divisions shall have an insulation value such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140 °C above the original temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225 °C above the original temperature, within the time listed below: Class "B-15" 15 minutes Class "B-0" 0 minutes
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D.4.3 "B" class divisions shall be constructed of approved non-combustible materials, and all mate- rials entering into the construction and erection of "B" class divisions shall be non-combustible, with the exception that combustible veneers may be permitted, provided they meet other requirements of this Sec- tion.
D.5 "C" class divisions "C class divisions" are divisions constructed of approved non-combustible materials. They need meet neither requirements relative to the passage of smoke and flame nor limitations relative to the tempera- ture rise. Combustible veneers are permitted, provided they meet other requirements of this Section.
D.6 Low flame spread Low flame spread means that the surface thus described will adequately restrict the spread of flame, this being determined to the satisfaction of GL by an established test procedure.
D.7 Steel or other equivalent material Where the words "steel or other equivalent material" are used, "equivalent material" means any noncom- bustible material which, by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the applicable exposure to the standard fire test (e.g. aluminium alloy with appropriate insulation).
E Submission of Documents The following documents shall be submitted for approval: • General arrangement plans, indicating the intended purpose of the installation or unit, the purpose of each area or room and the arrangements of machinery and equipment. • Plans and documents detailing the arrangements of structural fire protection measures. • Plans and documents detailing fire extinguishing as well as fire detection and alarm systems. • Plans and documents detailing the relevant control system for the remote closure of fire doors and relevant valves. • Ventilation system plans showing the ducts and fire dampers and the positions of the controls for stopping the system. • Fire control plans.
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Section 7 Passive Fire Protection
A Materials and Definition of Spaces ...... 7-1 B Ventilation and Fire Dampers ...... 7-6
A Materials and Definition of Spaces
A.1 Scope Passive fire protection shall ensure that relevant structures, piping and equipment components have ade- quate fire resistance with regard to load bearing properties, integrity and insulation properties during a dimensioning fire, and contribute in reducing the consequences in general. Fire divisions shall ensure that a dimensioning fire and explosion does not escalate into surrounding ar- eas. Passive fire protection shall prevent or mitigate serious consequences from fire also to protect personnel (heat and smoke) and make escape or evacuation possible.
A.2 Definitions of spaces
A.2.1 Control stations Spaces which contain the following equipment are considered as Control Stations: • operational control systems • radio and telephone systems including emergency communication • fire detection and fire control systems • emergency source of power • fire extinguishing systems serving various locations
A.2.2 Corridors Corridors are spaces which serve the purpose of connecting other areas in order to provide carriage of personnel.
A.2.3 Accommodation spaces Accommodation spaces are those used as public spaces, corridors, lavatories, cabins, offices, hospitals, cinemas, recreational rooms, pantries containing no cooking appliances and similar spaces. Public spaces are those portions of the accommodation which are used for halls, dining rooms, lounges and similar permanently enclosed spaces.
A.2.4 Stairways Stairways are internal stairways, lifts and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the ma- chinery spaces) and enclosures thereto. In this connection a stairway, which is enclosed only at one level, shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door.
A.2.5 Service spaces (low risk) Service spaces (low risk) are lockers, laundries, store rooms and working spaces, in which no flammable materials are stored.
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A.2.6 Machinery spaces of category A Machinery spaces of Category A are all spaces which contain internal combustion type machinery where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power of not less than 375 kW or machinery spaces which contain any fuel-fired boiler or heated oil fuel units; and trunks to such spaces.
A.2.7 Other machinery spaces Other machinery spaces are all machinery spaces except those of Category A containing boilers and other electrical process equipment, oil fuel units, internal combustion engines, generators and major elec- trical machinery, filling stations, refrigerating, ventilation and air-conditioning machinery and similar spaces and trunks to such spaces.
A.2.8 Hazardous areas Hazardous areas are all those areas where, due to the possible presence of a flammable atmosphere arising from the process operations, for example batteries ore stored and handled substances, the use of machinery or electrical equipment without proper consideration may lead to fire hazard or explosion.
A.2.9 Service spaces (high risk) Service spaces (high risk) are lockers, store rooms and working spaces in which flammable materials are stored, galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint rooms and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery space.
A.2.10 Open decks Open decks are spaces which are not enclosed and which are fully subject to natural ventilation.
A.2.11 Sanitary and similar spaces Sanitary and similar spaces are communal sanitary facilities such as showers, baths, lavatories, etc. and isolated pantries containing no cooking appliances. Sanitary facilities which serve a space and which have an access only from that space, shall be consid- ered as a portion of the space in which they are located.
A.3 Materials
A.3.1 The requirements of this Section have been formulated principally for installations/units having their structural bulkheads and decks constructed of steel.
A.3.2 Installations/units constructed of other materials may be accepted, provided that, in the opin- ion of GL, they provide an equivalent standard of safety.
A.3.3 Material on the installation / unit shall be non-combustible. If it is justified from safety point of view to make use of materials that do not meet the requirements to non-combustibility, such materials shall have limited flame-spread properties, low smoke development and heat generation. Documentation shall be available to support the basis for the decision regarding selection of materials. An assessment shall be made of the toxicity of gas emitted in the event of fire.
A.4 Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks
A.4.1 In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks in this Section, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in Tables 7.1 and 7.2. In areas with large oil containing equipment such as oil filled transformers critical items shall be designed to withstand a pool fire (150 kW/m2) for 60 minutes. (At least A60) The following critical items shall be designed to withstand the specified design heat load: • protective walls • structures supporting oil pressure vessels • structures capable of blocking escape ways
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• essential safety systems • main structure. Special assessment of local conditions to terminate further critical items has to be carried out and agreed with GL.
Table 7.1 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces
Spaces 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 4 5 Control stations 2.1 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60 A-60 A-0 Corridors C B-0 B-0 B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 5 B-0 2.2 2 A-0 Accommodations C B-0 B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 5 C 2.3 2 spaces A-0 Stairways B-0B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 5 B-0 2.4 2 2 2 A-0 A-0 A-0 Service spaces C A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 5 B-0 2.5 (low risk) Machinery spaces of 1, 5 A-0 1 A-60 A-60 5 A-0 2.6 category A Other machinery A-0 1, 3 A-0 A-0 5 A-0 2.7 spaces Hazardous areas 2.8 -- A-0 -- A-0 Service spaces A-0 3 5 A-0 2.9 (high risk) 5 Open decks 2.10 -- Sanitary and similar C 2.11 spaces
Remarks 1 Where the space contains an emergency power source or components of an emergency power source adjoining a space containing a service generator or the components of a service generator, the boundary bulkhead or deck between those spaces shall be an A-60 class division 2 For clarification as to which note applies see A.5.4 and A.5.7 3 Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript 3 appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the Tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose, e.g. in category 2.9. A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but a galley next to a paint room requires an A-0 bulkhead. 4 Bulkheads separating the communication- and control room from each other may be B-0 rating. 5 The division is required to be of steel or equivalent material, but need not be of A class standard
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Table 7.2 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces Spaces 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 above Spaces below Control stations 2.1 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 A-0 Corridors 2.2 A-0 3 3 A-0 3 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 3 Accommodations 2.3 A-60 A-0 3 A-0 3 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 3 spaces Stairway 2.4 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 A-0 Service spaces 2.5 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 A-0 (low risk) Machinery spaces of 2.6 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 1, 3 A-60 A-60 A-60 3 A-0 category A Other machinery 2.7 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-01 1, 3 A-0 A-0 3 A-0 spaces Hazardous areas 2.8 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 -- A-0 -- A-0 Service spaces 2.9 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-02 3 A-0 (high risk) Open decks 2.10 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -- 3 -- 3 Sanitary and similar 2.11 A-0 A-0 3 A-0 3 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 3 spaces Remarks 1 Where the space contains an emergency power source or components of an emergency power source adjoining a space containing a service generator or the components of a service generator, the boundary bulkhead or deck between those spaces shall be an A-60 class division 2 Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript 3 appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the Tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose, e.g. in category 2.9. A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but a galley next to a paint room requires an A-0 bulkhead. 3 The division is required to be of steel or equivalent material, but need not be of A class standard. However, where a deck is penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes and vent ducts, such penetrations shall be made tight to prevent the passage of flame and smoke.
A.4.2 Application of the tables
A.4.2.1 Tables 7.1 and 7.2 apply respectively to the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces.
A.4.2.2 For determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between ad- jacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as show in A above in Categories 2.1 to 2.11. The title of each category is intended to be typical rather than restrictive. The number preceding each category above refers to the applicable column or row in the Tables.
A.4.3 In general, accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations should not be located adjacent to hazardous areas. However, where it is not practicable, an engineering evaluation should be performed to ensure that the level of fire protection and blast resistance of the bulkheads and decks separating these spaces from the hazardous areas are adequate for the likely hazard.
A.4.4 Bounderies to to external escape routes may have to constructed to A-60 standard depending on specific conditions, such as fire load, escape routes, number of personnel etc., to be agreed with GL.
A.5 Structural requirements for doors, windows, stairways, ceilings, linings, etc.
A.5.1 Fire and external doors External doors shall be constructed to "A-0" class division and be self-closing, where practicable. The construction of all doors and frames in "A" class divisions, including the means of securing them when
Edition 2013 Germanischer Lloyd Page 7–4 Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Substations Chapter 3 General Safety Section 7 Passive Fire Protection closed, shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flames, as far as practica- ble, equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which the doors are situated. Such doors and door frames shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material. Doors in "A" class divisions must be capable of being opened and closed from each side of the bulkhead by one person only.
A.5.2 Intersections and penetrations In approving fire protection details, GL will have regard to the risk of heat transmission at intersections and thermal points of required thermal barriers. Where "A" class divisions are pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc., or for girders, beams or other structures, arrangements shall be made to ensure that the fire resistance is not impaired. Penetrations to be of approved type. If a space is divided with a deck or bulkhead of “A” class standard having insulation of different values, the insulation with the higher value should continue on the deck or bulkhead with the insulation of the lesser value for a distance of at least 450 mm.
A.5.3 Windows GL permits windows outside hazardous areas to be of opening type.
A.5.4 Corridors All bulkheads required to be "B" class divisions shall extend from deck to deck and to the deckhouse side or other boundaries, unless continuous "B" class ceilings or linings are fitted on both sides of the bulk- head, in which case the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining. In corridor bulkheads, ventilation openings may be permitted only in and under the doors of cabins, public spaces, offices and sanitary spaces. The openings shall be provided only in the lower half of the door. Where such an opening is in or under a door, the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 m2. When such an opening is cut in a door it shall be fitted with a grille made of noncombus- tible material. Such openings shall not be provided in a door in a division forming a stairway closure.
A.5.5 Stairs Stairs shall be constructed of steel or equivalent material.
A.5.6 Stairways and lifts Stairways which penetrate only a single deck shall be protected at least at one level by "A" or "B" Class divisions and self-closing doors so as to limit the rapid spread of fire from one deck to another. Stairways and lift shafts which penetrate more than a single deck shall be surrounded by "A" class divi- sions and protected by self-closing doors at all levels. Self-closing doors shall not be fitted with hold-back hooks. However, hold-back arrangements incorporat- ing remote release fittings of the fail-safe type may be utilized. Personnel lift trunks shall be protected by "A" class divisions.
A.5.7 Air spaces Air spaces enclosed behind ceilings, paneling’s or linings shall be divided horizontally by close fitting draught stops spaced not more than 14 meters apart. In the vertical direction, such enclosed air spaces, including behind linings of stairways, trunks, etc. should be closed at each deck.
A.5.8 Insulation Except for insulation in refrigerated compartments, insulation material, pipe and vent duct lagging, ceil- ings, linings and bulkheads shall be of non-combustible material. Insulation of pipe fittings for cold ser-
Edition 2013 Germanischer Lloyd Page 7–5 Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Substations Chapter 3 General Safety Section 7 Passive Fire Protection vice1 systems and vapor barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation need not be non- combustible but they shall be kept to a minimum and their exposed surfaces should have low flame spread characteristics. In spaces where penetration of flammable liquids is possible, the surfaces of the insulation shall be impervious to the liquid or its vapors.
A.5.9 Framing The framing, including supports and the joint pieces of bulkheads, linings, ceilings and draught stops, shall be of non-combustible material.
A.5.10 Surfaces The following surfaces shall have low flame spread characteristics: • exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures • surfaces in concealed or inaccessible spaces in accommodation, service spaces and control sta- tions • exposed surfaces of ceilings in accommodation, service spaces and control stations
A.5.11 Veneers Bulkheads, linings and ceilings may have combustible veneers provided that the thickness of such ve- neers shall not exceed 2 mm within any space other than corridors, stairway enclosures and control sta- tions, where the thickness should not exceed 1.5 mm. Alternatively veneers which have a caloric value not exceeding 45 MJ/m2 of the area for the thickness used may be accepted by GL, irrespective of the thickness of those veneers.
A.5.12 Deck coverings Primary deck coverings, if applied, shall be of approved materials, which will not readily ignite or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures.
A.5.13 Paints and varnishes Paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed interior surfaces shall not offer an undue fire haz- ard in the judgment of GL and shall not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke or toxic fumes.
B Ventilation and Fire Dampers
B.1 Materials Ventilation ducts shall be of steel or equivalent material. Short ducts, however, not generally exceeding 2 m in length and with a cross-sectional area not exceeding 0.02 m2 need not be non-combustible, subject to the following conditions: • these ducts shall be made of heat resisting non-combustible material, which by be faced internally and externally with membrances having low flame-spread characteristics and, in each case, a calo- rific value not exceeding 45 MJ/m2 of their surface area for the thickness used • they may only be used at the end of the ventilation device • they shall not be situated less than 600 mm, measured along the duct, from where it penetrates any "A" or "B" class division including continuous "B" class ceilings
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1 Cold service is understood to mean refridgration systems and chilled water piping for air-conditioning systems (MSC/Circ.1120)
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B.2 Ducts
B.2.1 Where ventilation ducts with a cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 pass through class "A" bulkheads or decks, the opening shall be lined with a steel sheet sleeve unless the ducts passing through the bulkheads or decks are of steel in the vicinity of penetrations through the deck or bulkhead, the ducts and sleeves at such places shall comply with the following:
B.2.2 The ducts or sleeves shall have a thickness of at least 3 mm and a length of at least 900 mm. When passing through bulkheads, this length shall be divided preferably into 450 mm on each side of the bulkhead. These ducts, or sleeves lining such ducts, shall be provided with fire insulation. The insulation shall have at least the same fire integrity as the bulkhead or deck through which the passes. Equivalent penetration protection shall be provided to the satisfaction of GL.
B.2.3 Ducts with a cross-sectional area exceeding 0.075 m2, except those serving hazardous areas, shall be fitted with fire dampers in addition to meeting the requirements of B.2.2. The fire damper shall operate automatically but shall also be capable of being closed from both sides of the bulkhead or deck. The damper shall be provided with an indicator which shows whether the damper is open or closed. Fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces without serving these spaces, provided those ducts have the same fire integrity as the divisions which they pierce. GL may, given spe- cial considerations, permit operation from one side of a division only.
B.2.4 A full cross-sectional area of a duct is to be considered for the above requirements. Splitting of ducts before the penetration and merging afterwards does not relax the requirements.
B.3 Ventilation of machinery spaces, galleys and hazardous areas
B.3.1 Ducts provided for the ventilation of machinery spaces of category "A", galleys and hazardous areas shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations. However, GL may permit a relaxation from this requirement, except for the ducts serving hazardous areas provided that:
B.3.2 Ducts are constructed of steel having a thickness of at least 3 mm for ducts of 300 mm in width or less and of at least 5 mm for ducts of 760 mm in width and over; in the case of ducts the width or diameter of which is between 300 mm and 760 mm, the thickness shall be obtained by interpolation.
B.3.3 Ducts are fitted with automatic fire dampers close to the boundaries penetrated, and
B.3.4 Ducts are insulated in "A-60" standard from the machinery spaces or galleys to a point at least 5 m beyond each fire damper. Or alternatively:
B.3.5 Ducts are constructed of steel in accordance with B.3.2.
B.3.6 Ducts are insulated to "A-60" standard throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations.
B.4 Ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations
B.4.1 Ducts provided for the ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not pass through machinery spaces of category A, galleys or hazardous areas. However, GL may permit a relaxation from this requirement, except for the ducts passing through hazardous areas, provided that:
B.4.2 The ducts where they pass through a machinery space of category A or a galley are con- structed of steel in accordance with B.3.2.
B.4.3 Automatic fire dampers are fitted close to the boundaries penetrated.
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B.4.4 The integrity of the machinery space or galley boundaries is maintained at the penetrations. Or alternatively:
B.4.5 The ducts where they pass through a machinery space of category A or a galley are con- structed of steel in accordance with B.3.1.
B.4.6 Ducts are insulated to "A-60" standard within the machinery space or galley.
B.5 Ducts passing "B" class bulkheads Ventilation ducts with a cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 passing through "B" class bulkheads shall be lined with steel sheet sleeves of 900 mm in length divided preferably into 450 mm on each side of the bulkhead unless the duct is of steel for this length.
B.6 Ducts from galley ranges Where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, the ex- haust ducts from galley ranges shall be of equivalent fire integrity to "A" class divisions. Each such ex- haust duct shall be fitted with: • a grease trap readily removable for cleaning • a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct and in addition a fire damper in the upper end of the duct • arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust fans, and • fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct.
B.7 Inlets and outlets The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems shall be capable of being closed from outside the spaces being ventilated.
B.8 Power ventilation Power ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations, machinery spaces and hazardous areas shall be capable of being stopped from an easily accessible position outside the space being served. The accessibility of this position in the event of a fire in the spaces served shall be specially considered. The means provided for stopping the power ventilation serving machinery spaces or hazardous areas shall be entirely separate from the means provided for stopping ventilation of other spaces.
B.9 Accommodation spaces and control stations • The ventilation of the accommodation spaces and control stations shall be arranged in such a way as to prevent the ingress of flammable, toxic or noxious gases or smoke from surrounding areas.
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Section 8 Active Fire Protection
A General ...... 8-1 B Arrangements in Machinery Spaces and Spaces Containing Fired Processes ...... 8-2 C Arrangements in Spaces Containing Large Oil Filled Electrical Equipment...... 8-2 D Additional Requirements for Specific Lockers and Galley Facilities...... 8-3 E Water Fire Extinguishing Systems...... 8-3 F Foam Fire Extinguishing Systems ...... 8-6 G Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems...... 8-8 H Portable Fire Extinguishers and Fireman's Outfit ...... 8-13
A General
A.1 Scope The purpose of fire-fighting system (Active Fire Protection) is to provide quick and reliable means for fighting fires and mitigate explosion effects. They have to be installed in areas where the major fire risk are present. Every offshore installation/unit shall be equipped with a general water fire extinguishing system in accor- dance with E and with portable and mobile extinguishers as specified in H. For helideck safety requirements incl. firefighting see Section 5, D.
A.2 Fire-resistance of components in fixed fire-extinguishing systems Unless otherwise specified in this Section, piping, pipe fittings and related components except gaskets of fixed fire-extinguishing systems inside in the protected spaces shall be designed to withstand a tempera- ture of 925 °C.
A.3 Approval of fire-extinguishing appliances and equipment Approvals of Administrations or other Certifying Bodies if applicable to the specific application, are gener- ally accepted for fire-fighting equipment and components such as fire-extinguishers, fire-hoses, foam concentrates, etc.
A.4 Codes and standards Following codes and standards shall apply: • IMO – Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU Code) • SOLAS • IMO -International Code for -Fire Safety System (FSS Code) • ISO 13702 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines • ISO 1776 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment • other international codes and standards can be agreed, such as VdS, NFPA or others • National Rules to be observed
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B Arrangements in Machinery Spaces and Spaces Containing Fired Processes
B.1 Extinguishing equipment
B.1.1 Spaces containing internal combustion machinery with a total power output of not less than 750 kW, oil or gas fired boilers, heaters or incinerators of not less than 75 kW thermal rating, or spaces containing oil fuel units or settling tanks, shall be provided with one of the following fixed firefighting sys- tems: • a pressure water spraying system 1
• a CO2 system or a system using an extinguishing gas other than CO2 • a high expansion foam system
B.1.2 They are, in addition, to be furnished with one mobile foam type extinguisher of not less than 45 litres capacity or equivalent and one approved portable foam extinguisher or equivalent for each 750 kW of engine power output or part thereof. The total number of portable extinguishers shall not be less than 2 and need not exceed 6.
B.1.3 Spaces containing oil or gas fired boilers or equivalent shall be furnished, in addition, with at least two approved portable foam extinguishers or equivalent in each space containing a fired process installation or part of the oil fuel installation, and at least one extinguisher of the same description with a capacity of 9 liter for each burner, provided that the total capacity of the additional extinguishers need not exceed 45 litres for each space.
B.2 Stopping of ventilating fans and pumps
B.2.1 Means are to be provided for stopping ventilating fans serving machinery and working spaces, and for closing all doorways, ventilation ducts, annular spaces around funnels and other openings to such spaces. These means are to be capable of being operated from outside such spaces in case of fire.
B.2.2 Machinery driving forced and induced draught fans, electric motor pressurization fans, fuel transfer pumps, fuel unit pumps and other similar fuel pumps are to be fitted with remote controls situated outside the space concerned, so that they may be stopped in the event of a fire arising in the space in which they are located.
B.3 Fuel shut-off valves Every fuel suction pipe from a storage, settling or daily service tank is to be fitted with an independent, manual released shut-off valve close to the tank capable of being closed from outside the space con- cerned in the event of a fire occurring in the space in which such tanks are situated.
C Arrangements in Spaces Containing Large Oil Filled Electrical Equipment
C.1 Extinguishing equipment C.1.1 Spaces containing oil immersed transformers, reactors or others, shall be provided with one of the following fixed fire fighting systems: • a pressure water spraying system 1 • an inert gas system • a high expansion foam system
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1 Water mist systems which are type approved in accordance with MSC/Circ.1165 may be used.
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C.1.2 Spaces containing oil immersed transformers or reactors are, in addition, to be furnished with one mobile CO2 type extinguisher of not less than 45 kg capacity or equivalent and one approved portable CO2 extinguisher or equivalent. The total number of portable extinguishers shall not be less than 2 and need not exceed 6.
C.2 Stopping of ventilating fans, pumps and energy supply
C.2.1 Means are to be provided for stopping ventilating fans serving such spaces, and for closing all doorways, ventilation ducts, annular spaces around funnels and other openings to such spaces. These means are to be capable of being operated from outside such spaces in case of fire. The high voltage facilities shall be de-energized before the beginning of fire fighting.
D Additional Requirements for Specific Lockers and Galley Fa- cilities For paint lockers or similar flammable liquid lockers and galley range exhaust ducts or deep-fat cooking facilities, specific fire-extinguishing systems shall be provided in acc. to international rules and appropri- ated approval certifications.
E Water Fire Extinguishing Systems
E.1 Fire water system
E.1.1 Fire pumps
E.1.1.1 At least two independently driven power pumps have to be provided, each arranged to draw directly from the sea or a tank and discharge into a fixed fire main. However in cases with high suction lifts, booster pumps and storage tanks may be installed, provided such arrangements will satisfy all the requirements of E.1.1.1 to E.1.1.10. At least one of the required pumps is to be dedicated to firefighting duties only and shall be available for such duties at all times and shall be also connected to the emer- gency power supply.
E.1.1.2 The pumps, their power supply and the associated pipes and valves are to be so arranged throughout for the platform that a fire in any space does not compromise the proper function of all the fire pumps.
E.1.1.3 Each pump shall be capable of delivering at least one jet simultaneously from each of any two fire hydrants, hoses and 19 mm nozzles while maintaining a minimum pressure of 0.35 N/mm2 at any hydrant. In addition, where a foam system is provided for protection of the helicopter deck, the pump shall be ca- pable of maintaining a pressure of 0.7 N/mm2 at the foam installation. If the water consumption for any other fire protection or fire-fighting purpose should exceed the rate of the helicopter deck foam installa- tion, this consumption shall be the determining factor in calculating the required capacity of the fire pumps.
E.1.1.4 The capacity of the required pumps shall be appropriate to the firefighting services supplied from the fire main. The capacity of each pump is not to be less than 70 m3/h. It shall be possible to oper- ate the fire-water pumps engines when the ventilation to the rooms has been shut-off.
E.1.1.5 Centrifugal pumps used as fire pumps are to be connected to the fire main by means of screw- down non-return valves or a combination of non-return and shut-off valve.
E.1.1.6 Relief valves are to be provided in conjunction with all pumps connected to the fire main, if the pumps are capable of developing a pressure exceeding the design pressure of the fire main, hydrants
Edition 2013 Germanischer Lloyd Page 8–3 Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Technology Chapter 3 General Safety Section 8 Active Fire Protection and hoses. Closure of any single isolating valve or combination of isolating valves shall not leave any part of the main unprotected against overpressure.
E.1.1.7 The water supply for the fire main should be drawn directly from the sea or a tank and only self-priming pumps shall be installed. However, in installations/ units with high suction lifts, booster pumps and intermediate storage tanks may be installed.
E.1.1.8 Where either of the required pumps is located in a space not normally manned and relatively far away from working areas, provisions are to be made for remote start-up of the pump and remote op- eration of associated suction and discharge valves.
E.1.1.9 Except as provided in E.1.1.1, sanitary, bilge or general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps, provided that they are not normally used for pumping oil.
E.1.1.10 Fire pumps shall start automatically when there is a pressure drop in the firewater main.
E.1.2 Fire mains
E.1.2.1 A fixed fire main shall be provided.
E.1.2.2 The diameter of the fire main and water service pipes shall be sufficient for the effective distri- bution of the maximum required discharge from the required fire pumps operating simultaneously.
E.1.2.3 With the required fire pumps operating simultaneously, the pressure maintained in the fire mains shall be adequate for the safe and efficient operation of all equipment supplied therefrom.
E.1.2.4 The fire main is to be routed clear of hazardous areas as far as practicable and be arranged in such a manner as to make maximum use of any thermal shielding or physical protection afforded by the structure of the unit.
E.1.2.5 The fire main shall be provided with isolating valves located so as to permit optimum utilization in the event of physical damage to any part of the main.
E.1.2.6 The fire main shall not have connections other than for fire-fighting purposes.
E.1.2.7 All practical precautions should be taken to protect the fire main against freezing, in order to have water readily available.
E.1.2.8 Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for fire mains and hydrants unless adequately protected. Hydrants shall be so placed that the fire hoses may be easily connected.
E.1.2.9 A cock or valve is to be fitted to serve each fire hose so that any fire hose may be removed while the fire pumps are at work.
E.1.3 Monitors, hydrants, hoses and nozzles
E.1.3.1 The unit or installation shall be equipped with a sufficient number of strategically located hy- drants, hose stations, fire hose reels and monitors.
E.1.3.2 Monitors Monitors shall be installed, if applicable depending on designed hazardous areas. Details of monitors to be subject of relevant fire load of the hazardous area.
E.1.3.3 Hydrants Hydrants are to be so distributed, that at least two water jets not emanating from the same hydrant can reach any point of the platform which would normally be accessible to the crew. One jet may be delivered by a single length of hose and the second by a joint hose length of not more than 30 m.
E.1.3.4 Fire hoses Fire hoses shall be of an approved type and be sufficient in length to project a jet of water to any of the spaces in which they may be required to be used. Their maximum length should not exceed 15 m. For open decks, also length of fire hoses of 20 m are acceptable.
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Every fire hose shall be provided with a dual purpose nozzle and the necessary couplings, and together with any necessary fittings and tools be kept ready for use in appropriate positions near the water service hydrants or connections. Standardized couplings in acc. to national regulations shall be used.
E.1.3.5 Nozzles Nozzles shall comply with the following requirements: • Standard nozzle sizes should be 12 mm, 16 mm and 19 mm or as near thereto as possible. Under special circumstances the use of larger nozzles may be considered. • For accommodation and service spaces, a nozzle size greater than 12 mm need not be used. • For machinery and exterior locations, the nozzle size shall be 19 mm.
E.2 Fixed pressure water systems for firefighting and cooling
E.2.1 Deluge systems
E.2.1.1 Areas, which require water protection, e.g. transformers or reactors should be covered by deluge systems. The deluge system shall discharge water through all nozzles at the same time and will be started automatically or manually by opening the deluge valve. The deluge system shall provide adequate coverage for the relevant fire and explosion scenarios, with respect to both volume and area coverage, horizontal and vertical surfaces. The deluge nozzles will receive water at design pressure not later than 30 s after a confirmed fire signal has been given. Where deluge systems are installed, the following requirements apply:
E.2.1.2 The nozzles are to be of an approved type.
The number and arrangement of the nozzles is to be such as to ensure an effective average distribution of water of at least 5 l/m2 per minute in the spaces to be protected.
E.2.1.3 The system may be divided into sections, the distribution valves of which shall be operated from easily accessible positions outside the spaces to be protected, not likely to be cut off by a fire in the protected space.
E.2.1.4 The system shall be kept charged at the necessary pressure up to the deluge valve and the pump supplying the water for the system shall be put automatically into action by a pressure drop in the system.
E.2.1.5 The pump shall be capable of simultaneously supplying at the necessary pressure all sections of the system in any one compartment to be protected. The pump, its controls and deluge valves shall be installed outside the space or spaces to be protected. It shall not be possible for a fire in the space or spaces protected by the water spraying system to put the system out of action.
E.2.1.6 The pump may be driven by an independent internal combustion engine but, if it is dependent upon power being supplied from the emergency generator, that generator shall be so arranged as to start automatically in case of main power failure, so that power for the pump required by E.2.1.5 is immediately available. When the pump is driven by an independent internal combustion engine, it shall be so situated that a fire in the protected space will not affect the air supply to the engine.
E.2.1.7 Precautions shall be taken to prevent the nozzles from becoming clogged by impurities in the water or by corrosion of piping, nozzles, valves and pump. Carbon steel and galvanized steel shall not be used in the deluge system.
E.2.1.8 Suitable provisions shall be made for the system to be tested without detracting from its opera- tional efficiency or disrupting the operational routine of the installation.
E.2.1.9 Upon use of the system, an audible and visual alarm is to be activated in the control centre, indicating the section affected.
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E.2.2 Automatic sprinkler systems
E.2.2.1 Every normally or intermittently manned offshore installation/ unit shall be provided with an automatic sprinkler system for the accommodation spaces. This system shall apply fire-extinguishing water through nozzles if heat is detected and is charged with pressurized water up to every nozzle. Only fire exposed nozzles will discharge water.
E.2.2.2 Each sprinkler section is to be equipped with an detection device which, when a sprinkler is activated, actuates a visual and audible alarm at the control center, indicating the section concerned. A pressure gauge is to be provided at each section. Any electrical equipment shall be self-monitoring and each section shall be capable of being for water flow tested individually.
E.2.2.3 Installations/units equipped with an automatic sprinkler system are to be additionally provided with a fire detection and alarm system with automatic smoke/heat detectors and manual call points with displays in the control room.
E.2.2.4 Where sprinkler systems are installed in the accommodation and day rooms, the alarm de- vices are to conform to the following requirements: Automatic devices shall be mounted which give an audible and visual alarm as soon as a sprinkler is activated. Activation shall be indicated in the control room. With regard to the self-monitoring function, the alarm system is to be designed similarly to a fire detection system.
E.2.2.5 The system is normally to be supplied by a pressurized fresh water system, capable, once actuated, of operating automatically for 30 minutes at a sufficient water pressure to enable it to operate efficiently. Other arrangements are to be approved on a case by case basis.
E.2.2.6 In the event of a pressure drop in the system, a pressure water pump used solely for this pur- pose shall start up automatically before the pressure water tank has been exhausted.
E.2.2.7 The pressure water tank and sprinkler pump are to be located in a safe area outside the spaces to be protected.
E.2.2.8 A changeover arrangement to a fire water main shall be provided.
E.2.2.9 Piping shall be heat-resistant and shall be either inherently corrosion-resistant or be suitably protected against corrosion.
E.2.2.10 The spray nozzles are to be grouped into sections. They are to be so arranged, that not less than 5 l/m2/min is sprayed over the area to be protected. Inside the accommodation spaces the nozzles shall be activated within a temperature range of 68 °C to 79 °C. The nozzles are to be made of corrosion-resistant material. Nozzles of galvanized steel are not permitted.
F Foam Fire Extinguishing Systems
F.1 Foam type Only approved foam concentrates are to be used. The systems shall be protected against freezing.
F.2 High expansion foam High expansion foam systems for the protection of enclosed spaces are to be so designed, that the larg- est space to be protected can be filled with foam at the rate of at least 1 m depth per minute without al- lowance for machinery and equipment. The supply of foam solution shall be sufficient to fill completely at least 5 times the largest space to be protected. The expansion ratio of the foam shall not exceed 1000 : 1.
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F.2.1 Foam generator The foam generator with tanks, pipe system, ducts, etc. is to be permanently installed and shall be capa- ble to attain full foam production within 2 minutes after fire alarm. The foam generator with equipment is to be placed in a safe area, separated from areas to be protected. If there is no access from the open deck, two separate means of access are to be provided.
F.2.2 Foam ducts The foam ducts are to be dimensioned according to the size of the foam generator outlet, and are to be so located, that an even distribution of foam is obtained throughout the room to be protected. The ducts are to be made of steel and protected against corrosion. A shut-off device is to be fitted between the foam generator and the distribution system.
F.3 Low expansion foam
F.3.1 Enclosed spaces If low expansion foam is used for local protection in enclosed spaces, the system is to be so designed, that the largest area over which fuel can spread, can be covered within 5 minutes with a 150 mm thick layer of foam. The expansion ratio shall not exceed 12:1.
F.3.2 Exterior locations
F.3.2.1 Fixed low-expansion foam systems for use in exterior locations shall be capable of supplying foam solution to the monitors and foam applicators at a rate which shall be at least the greater of the fol- lowing quantities, but not less than 1250 l/min: 1. 0.6 l/min per square meter of the total area to be protected 2. 1.5 l/min per square meter of a circular area with the radius of 75 % of the nominal length of throw of the largest monitor provided.
F.3.2.2 Foam capacity The supply of foam concentrate is to be sufficient for at least 30 minutes of operation of the system at maximum capacity as specified in F.3.2.1.
F.3.2.3 Foam monitors Foam monitors are to be so arranged that the protected area can be covered from at least two monitors, which shall as far as practicable be located opposite to each other.
F.3.3 Foam hydrants Foam hydrants are to be so arranged that any part of the protected area can be reached with at least one foam applicator and hose. One foam hydrant is to be arranged at the access to any area to be protected. The total of foam applica- tors available shall not be less than four.
F.3.4 Location of the system
F.3.4.1 Foam storage tanks, associated pumps, proportioners and controls shall be located in a safe area not likely to be cut off in the event of a fire in a protected area. The system is to be designed for rapid readiness.
F.3.4.2 In centralized systems shut-off valves are to be provided in order to isolate damaged sections of the foam main.
F.4 Influence to water fire fighting The operation of the foam system shall not impair the simultaneous use of any water fire fighting installa- tion required by these Rules.
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G Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems
G.1 CO2 fire extinguishing systems
G.1.1 Initiation The system is to be arranged for manual initiation of release only. If, in addition to manual release option also an automatic release is provided, suitable measures have to be implemented and approved by GL to ensure that no personnel is present in the protected space when the gas is released.
G.1.2 Design
CO2 cylinders, associated pressure components and piping shall be approved in respect of materials, design and manufacture. Special attention is to be paid to the risk of icing of quick-flooding lines.
G.1.3 Pipes
G.1.3.1 The pipes for conveying the gas shall be provided with control valves so marked, as to indi- cate clearly the compartments to which the pipes are led.
G.1.3.2 Wherever possible, welded pipe connections are to be used for CO2 systems. For detachable connections which cannot be avoided and for valves and fittings, flanged joints are to be used. For pipes with a nominal bore of less than 50 mm, welded compression type couplings may be used. Threaded joints may be used only inside protected spaces.
G.1.3.3 All pipes are to be suitably protected against corrosion.
G.1.3.4 In piping sections where valve arrangements introduce sections of closed piping (e.g. mani- folds with distribution valves), such sections shall be fitted with a pressure relief valve and the outlet of the valve shall be led to the open deck.
G.1.4 Valves and fittings Valves and fittings in the lines from the cylinders to the control valves have to be designed for a nominal pressure of 100 bar, the lines from the control valves to the nozzles for a nominal pressure of 40 bar.
G.1.5 Nozzles Discharge nozzles and piping shall be arranged so as to provide effective distribution of gas.
G.1.6 Quantity of gas
G.1.6.1 The quantity of gas carried shall be sufficient to give a minimum quantity of free gas equal to 35 % of the entire volume of the largest space to be protected.
If two or more adjacent spaces protected by CO2 are not entirely separate, they shall be considered as forming one space.
3 G.1.6.2 The calculation is to be based upon a gas volume of 0.56 m per kg of CO2.
G.1.6.3 The system is to be so designed that 85 % of the required gas can be discharged into the space within 2 minutes.
G.1.7 Gas storage
G.1.7.1 Gas cylinder storage rooms or areas shall be situated at a safe and readily accessible position and be effectively ventilated in acc. to an applicable standard used for the design of the system. Any en- trance to storage rooms should preferably be from the open deck and in any case shall be independent of the protected space. Access doors shall be gastight and open outward. Bulkheads and decks, which form the boundaries of such rooms, shall be gastight and adequately insulated to prevent a temperature ex- ceeding 45 °C inside the CO2 room. Any of the boundaries which are contiguous with the protected space are to be A-60 Class divisions.
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G.1.7.2 Pressure relief devices associated with CO2 cylinders, tanks or manifolds are to be so ar- ranged, that when operated there will be no danger to personnel from the resultant discharge of CO2.
G.1.7.3 Provision is to be made for changing the cylinders and checking the contents by weighing or by other approved means.
G.1.8 Warning
Means shall be provided for the automatic giving off audible and visual warning of the release of CO2 gas into any space to which personnel normally has access. The alarm shall operate before the gas is released for a period of time suitable to evacuate the space to be flooded, but not less than 20 s.
G.1.9 Control The means of control of any such fixed gas fire extinguishing system shall be readily accessible and sim- ple to operate and shall be located in a release box in a safe area outside the protected space. Two con- trols shall be provided, one for opening the distribution valve and one for opening the CO2 gas cylinders.
G.1.10 Ventilation Means shall be provided for stopping automatically all ventilation fans and closing openings serving the protected spaces, before the medium is released.
G.1.11 Arrangement plan
A general arrangement plan has to be exhibited in the Control Centre, the operating stations and the CO2 rooms, showing the arrangement of the CO2 system.
G.1.12 Warning signs
Warning signs shall be displayed at the accesses to the CO2 room and to spaces protected by the sys- tem.
G.1.13 Tests After completion of the system, pressure and tightness tests in acc. to an applicable standard used for the design of the system and free passage tests have to be performed.
G.2 Extinguishing systems using gases other than CO2
G.2.1 General
G.2.1.1 Systems using extinguishing gases other than CO2 shall be type approved in accordance with a standard acceptable to GL.
G.2.1.2 No fire extinguishing gas shall be used which is carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenicity at concentrations expected during its use or which is not considered to be environmentally acceptable. No fire extinguishing gas shall be used in concentrations greater than the cardiac sensitization level NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level), without the use of the release arrangements and alarms as provided in G.2.6. In no case an extinguishing gas is permitted to be used in concentrations above its LOAEL (Lowest Ob- served Adverse Effect Level) nor its ALC (Approximate Lethal Concentration).
G.2.1.3 New installations of halogenated hydrocarbon (halon) systems are not permitted.
G.2.1.4 For systems using halocarbon clean agents the system shall be designed for a discharge of 95 % of the design concentration in not more than 10 s. For systems using inert gases, the discharge time shall not exceed 120 s for 85 % of the design concen- tration.
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G.2.2 Calculation of the supply of extinguishing gas
G.2.2.1 The supply of extinguishing gas shall be calculated based on the net volume of the protected space, at the minimum expected ambient temperature using the design concentration specified in the system's type approval Certificate.
G.2.2.2 The net volume is that part of the gross volume of the space which is accessible to the free extinguishing gas including the volumes of the bilge and of the casing. Objects that occupy volume in the protected space shall be subtracted from the gross volume.
G.2.2.3 The volume of free air contained in air receivers located in a protected space shall be added to the net volume unless the discharge from the safety valves is led to the open air.
G.2.2.4 For systems with centralized gas storage for the protection of more than one space the quan- tity of extinguishing gas available need not be more than the largest quantity required for any one space so protected.
G.2.3 Gas containers
G.2.3.1 Containers for the extinguishing gas or a propellant needed for the discharge shall comply in respect of their material, construction, manufacture and testing with the relevant Rules on pressure ves- sels.
G.2.3.2 The filling ratio shall not exceed that specified in the system's type approval documentation.
G.2.3.3 Means are to be provided for the installation’s/ unit's personnel to safely check the quantity of medium in the containers.
G.2.4 Storage
G.2.4.1 Centralized systems Gas containers in centralized systems are to be stored in a storage space complying with the require- ments for CO2 storage spaces, see G.1.7, with the exception that storage temperatures up to 55 °C are permitted, unless otherwise specified in the type approval Certificate.
G.2.4.2 Modular systems G.2.4.2.1 All systems covered by these requirements may be executed as modular systems (with the gas containers, and containers with the propellant if any, permitted to be stored within the protected space) provided the conditions of G.2.4.2.2 through G.2.4.2.9 are complied with. G.2.4.2.2 Inside a protected space, the gas containers shall be distributed throughout the space with bottles or groups of bottles located in at least six separate containers. Duplicate power release lines have to be arranged to release all bottles simultaneously. The release lines shall be so arranged that in the event of damage to any power release line, five sixth of the fire extinguishing gas can still be discharged. The bottle valves are considered to be part of the release lines and a single failure shall include also fail- ure of the bottle valve. For systems that need less than six containers (using the smallest bottles available), the total amount of extinguishing gas in the bottles shall be such that in the event of a single failure to one of the release lines (including bottle valve), five sixth of the fire extinguishing gas can still be discharged. This may be achieved by for instance using more extinguishing gas than required so that if one bottle is not discharg- ing due to a single fault, the remaining bottles will discharge the minimum five sixth of the required amount of extinguishing gas. This can be achieved with minimum two bottles. However, the NOAEL value calculated at the highest expected engine room temperature may not be exceeded when discharging the total amount of extinguishing gas simultaneously. Systems that cannot comply with the above (for instance where it is intended to locate only one bottle inside the protected space) are not permitted. Such systems shall be designed with bottle(s) located out- side the protected space, in a dedicated room complying with the requirements for CO2 storage spaces (see G.1.7).
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G.2.4.2.3 Duplicate sources of power located outside the protected space shall be provided for the re- lease of the system and be immediately available, except that for machinery spaces, one of the sources of power may be located inside the protected space. G.2.4.2.4 Electric power circuits connecting the containers shall be monitored for fault conditions and loss of power. Visual and audible alarms shall be provided to indicate this. G.2.4.2.5 Pneumatic or hydraulic power circuits connecting the containers shall be duplicated. The sources of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure shall be monitored for loss of pressure. Visual and audible alarms shall be provided to indicate this. G.2.4.2.6 Within the protected space, electrical circuits essential for the release of the system shall be heat resistant, e.g. mineral-insulated cable or equivalent. Piping systems essential for the release of systems designed to be operated hydraulically or pneumati- cally shall be of steel. G.2.4.2.7 Not more than two discharge valves shall be fitted to any container. G.2.4.2.8 The containers shall be monitored for decrease in pressure due to leakage or discharge. Vis- ual and audible alarms in the protected space and in the control station stand shall be provided to indicate this. G.2.4.2.9 Each container is to be fitted with an overpressure release device which under the action of fire causes the contents of the container to be automatically discharged into the protected space.
G.2.5 Piping and nozzles
G.2.5.1 Wherever possible, pipe connections are to be welded. For detachable pipe joints, flange con- nections are to be used. For pipes with a nominal internal diameter of less than 50 mm threaded welding sockets may be employed. Threaded joints may be used only inside protected spaces.
G.2.5.2 Flexible hoses may be used for the connection of containers to a manifold in centralised sys- tems or to a rigid discharge pipe in modular systems. Hoses shall not be longer than necessary for this purpose and be type approved for the use in the intended installation. Hoses for modular systems are to be flame resistant.
G.2.5.3 Only nozzles approved for use with the system shall be installed. The arrangement of nozzles shall comply with the parameters specified in the system's type approval Certificate, giving due considera- tion to obstructions. In the vicinity of passages and stairways nozzles shall be arranged such as to avoid personnel being endangered by the discharging gas.
G.2.5.4 The piping system shall be designed to meet the requirements stipulated in G.2.1.4.
G.2.5.5 In piping sections where valve arrangements introduce sections of closed piping (manifolds with distribution valves), such sections shall be fitted with a pressure relief valve and the outlet of the valve shall be led to the open deck.
G.2.6 Release arrangements and alarms
G.2.6.1 The system is to be designed for manual release only. If, in addition to manual release option also an automatic release is provided, suitable measures have to be implemented and approved by GL to ensure that no personal is present in the protected space when the gas is released. The controls for the manual release are to be arranged in lockable cabinets (release stations), the key being kept conspicuously next to the release station in a locked case with a glass panel. Separate release stations are to be provided for each space which can be flooded separately. The release stations shall be arranged near to the entrance of the protected space and shall be readily accessible also in case of a fire in the related space. Release stations shall be marked with the name of the space they are serving.
G.2.6.2 Centralized systems shall be provided with additional means of releasing the system from the storage space.
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G.2.6.3 The mechanical ventilation of the protected space is to be stopped automatically before the discharge of the extinguishing gas.
G.2.6.4 Audible and visual alarms shall be provided in the protected space and additional visual alarms at each access to the space.
G.2.6.5 The alarm shall be actuated automatically by opening of the release station door. For installa- tions with a design concentration in excess of the NOAEL, see G.2.1.3, means shall be provided to safe- guard that the discharge of extinguishing gas is not possible before the alarm has been actuated for a period of time necessary to evacuate the space but not less than 20 s.
G.2.6.6 Audible alarms shall be of horn or siren sound and be clearly distinguishable from other audi- ble signals.
G.2.6.7 Electrical alarm systems shall have power supply from the main and emergency source of power.
G.2.6.8 For the use of electrical alarm systems in gas dangerous zones refer to GL Rules for Instrumentation (IV-7-6).
G.2.6.9 Where pneumatically operated alarms are used the permanent supply of compressed air is to be safeguarded by suitable arrangements.
G.3 Tightness of the protected space
G.3.1 Apart from being provided with means of closing all ventilation openings and other openings in the boundaries of the protected space, special consideration shall be given to G.3.2 through G.3.4.
G.3.2 A minimum agent holding time of 15 min shall be provided.
G.3.3 The release of the system may produce significant over pressurization in the protected space.
G.3.4 Escape routes which may be exposed to leakage from the protected space shall not be ren- dered hazardous during or after the discharge of the extinguishing gas. Control stations and other loca- tions that require manning during a fire situation shall have provisions to keep the concentrations of prod- ucts below values considered hazardous for the required duration of exposure.
G.4 Warning signs and operating instructions
G.4.1 Warning signs are to be provided at each access to and within a protected space as appropri- ate: • "WARNING! This space is protected by a fixed gas fire extinguishing system using ...... Do not en- ter when the alarm is actuated!" • "WARNING! Evacuate immediately upon sounding of the alarm of the gas fire extinguishing system."
G.4.2 Brief operating instructions are to be posted at the release stations.
G.4.2.1 A comprehensive manual with the description of the system and maintenance instructions is to be provided. The manual shall contain an advice that any modifications to the protected space that alter the net volume of the space will render the approval for the individual installation invalid. In this case amended drawings and calculations have to be submitted to GL for approval.
G.5 Documents Prior to commencing of the installation the following documents are to be submitted to GL for approval: • arrangement drawing of the protected space showing machinery, etc. in the space, and the location of nozzles, containers (modular system only) and release lines as applicable • list of volumes deducted from the gross volume • calculation of the net volume of the space and required supply of extinguishing gas
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• isometrics and discharge calculations release schematic • drawing of the release station and of the arrangement in the installation/unit • release instructions for display at the release station • drawing of storage space (centralized systems only) • alarm system schematic • parts list • manual on board of unit or on installation
G.6 Testing After completion of the system, pressure and tightness tests in acc. to an applicable standard used for the design of the system and free passage tests have to be performed.
H Portable Fire Extinguishers and Fireman's Outfit
H.1 Portable and mobile fire extinguishers
H.1.1 General
Water, dry powder, CO2 or foam should be used as extinguishing agents for the portable and mobile fire extinguishers to be provided. Portable extinguishers shall on principle also be suitable for fighting fires in electrical installations. Water extinguishers may be used in accommodation spaces.
H.1.2 Capacity
H.1.2.1 The capacity is limited by the following requirements: • the capacity of required portable fluid extinguishers is to be not more than 13.5 liters and not less than 9 liters • the weight of the charge in dry powder and gas filled portable extinguishers shall be at least 5 kg • the total weight of a single portable extinguisher ready for use shall not exceed 23 kg • mobile extinguishers shall be designed for a standard dry powder charge of 50 kg or for a foam solu- tion content of 45 or 135 liters
H.1.2.2 Spare charges are to be provided for each portable extinguisher capable of being recharged. One spare extinguisher is to be provided for each portable extinguisher which cannot be recharged on the installation/unit.
H.1.3 Location
H.1.3.1 With regard to the number and the recommendations for the location of portable and mobile extinguishers, the following has to be observed: a) at least one portable extinguisher has to be located in every division enclosed by fire bulkheads; b) one of the portable extinguishers to be provided in any space has to be located at the access to such space; c) for small spaces the number of portable extinguishers may be reduced; d) portable CO2 extinguishers shall not be located in accommodation spaces.
H.1.3.2 At least two portable CO2 extinguishers have to be provided in the vicinity of electrical installa- tions.
H.1.3.3 For the accommodation area, the distance between extinguishers shall not be more than 20 m, and at least one extinguisher shall be provided on each level.
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Table 8.1 Firefighting systems and equipment
Permanently installed fire extinguish- Portable and mobile extinguish- ing systems ing equipment portable mobile
2 CO hoses
2 Foam system Foam system Pressure water Connect. of fire- Connect. of Areas and spaces to protected system spraying Dry powder, 5 Dry powder, kg CO Dry powder, 50 kg Foam, 45 liters
> 360 kW 1 dry Machinery spaces with < 750 kW 2 1 internal combustion powder or 1 foam engines total outputs: min. 2 ≥ 750 kW CO2 or pressure water 1 system or high expansion 1 dry powder or Boiler rooms 2 foam system 1 foam Oil filled equ.: CO or del- Spaces with ≥ 1.000 kW 2 3 2 1 uge or foam electrical machinery, min. 2 total output: < 1.000 kW 3 2
Spaces for emergency diesels, aux. CO or pressure water sys- 2 1 Diesel with > 750 kW tem
Galley: CO in the hoods 1 in Store rooms and galleys 2 1 about stoves galley 1 every 20 m + Acomodation areas Automatic sprinkler system at each exit
Control rooms with radio or electrical 1 2 switchgear
Motor lifeboats 1 x 6 kg
H.2 Fireman's outfits
H.2.1 Type of outfit Each fireman’s outfit shall consist of at least: a) breathing apparatus of an approved type which may be either: • a smoke helmet or smoke mask which shall be provided with a suitable air pump and a length of air hose sufficient to reach from the open deck, well clear of doorway to any part of the machinery spaces. If, in order to comply with these Rules, an air hose exceeding 36 m in length would be nec- essary, a self-contained breathing apparatus shall be substituted or provided in addition as deter- mined by GL, or • a self-contained compressed-air-operated breathing apparatus, the volume of air contained in the cylinders of which shall be at least 1200 l, or other self-contained breathing apparatus which shall be capable of functioning for at least 30 minutes. At least two spare fillings have to be provided for each breathing apparatus. b) a fire proof lifeline of sufficient length and strength, capable of being attached by means of a snap- hook to the harness of the breathing apparatus or to a separate belt in order to prevent the breathing apparatus becoming detached when the lifeline is operated;
Edition 2013 Germanischer Lloyd Page 8–14 Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Technology Chapter 3 General Safety Section 8 Active Fire Protection c) protective clothing of material to protect the skin from the heat radiating from the fire and from burns and scalding by steam. The outer surface shall be water resistant; d) boots and gloves of rubber or other electrically non-conducting material; e) a rigid helmet providing effective protection against impact; f) an electric safety lamp (hand lantern) of approved type with a capacity for at least three hours; g) an axe with high-voltage insulation to the satisfaction of GL.
H.2.2 Number At least two fireman’s outfits shall be provided.
H.2.3 Storage The fireman’s outfits have to be stored in a safe area, readily accessible and ready for use, in at least two locations as far apart from each other as practicable.
H.2.4 Communication For internal communication one portable VHF radio set for each set of fireman’s equipment, for the fire fighting supervisor, the technical supervisor and the safety control center are to be provided.
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Rules IV Industrial Services Part 7 Offshore Technology Chapter 3 General Safety Section 9 Fire and Gas Detection Alarm Systems
Section 9 Fire and Gas Detection Alarm Systems
A General ...... 9-1 B Manual Alarm...... 9-2 C Arrangement of Fire Detectors and Alarm Loops ...... 9-2 D Public Address and General Alarm System...... 9-3
A General
A.1 Fire detection system
A.1.1 Every offshore installation/unit shall be provided with an automatic fire detection and alarm system for all accommodation and service spaces. The following types of fire detectors / detection units may be used in different locations on the substation: • ionization/smoke detectors for all enclosed operating areas, store rooms sleeping quarters, stair- ways, passageways and escapes within accommodation areas • heat detectors, preferably in galleys and day rooms • differential and flame detectors for operating areas subject to high air speeds and for areas on the open deck • Aspirating smoke detection systems with assigned detection units and sampling pipes in those ar- eas, where other detector types are not recommended, e.g. for reasons of easy test and mainte- nance, i.e. in high rooms such as High Voltage Switchgear rooms.
A.1.2 For details concerning arrangement and layout of fire detectors refer to C further below.
A.1.3 Eventually, a dedicated Closed Circuit TV system (CCTV) should be installed additionally for remote surveillance.
A.2 Gas detection system
A.2.1 A fixed automatic gas detection and alarm system may be required depending on the detailed design of an Offshore Wind Farm Substation. Such gas detection system is to be so arranged as to moni- tor continuously all areas where an accumulation of flammable gas or explosive gas mixture could occur. An accumulation of hazardous gas on an Offshore Wind Farm Substation may e.g. be possible in the following locations, as applicable: • in battery rooms (H2 generation due to faulty batteries or chargers) • in locations with Hypochlorite Generation Plants (if H2 leakage is possible due to the design) • in paint stores • in fuel tanks or at fuel tank openings, depending on the flashpoint of the respective fuel stored • at Helicopter refueling units • in ventilation outlets from above hazardous area spaces Depending on their location, it may be also required to install gas detectors in intakes for ventilation air, e.g. in living quarters or emergency shelters.
A.2.2 Additionally, the possibility of an SF6 leakage in the MV/HV switchgear rooms should be taken into account. Such gas is used as an insulator in gas insulated switchgear (GIS). SF6 is normally non-toxic and odorless, however, it is known as the strongest greenhouse gas and toxic fluoride compounds could develop from SF6 during long term operation of the GIS.
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Rooms located underneath the GIS rooms which are not properly segregated from or sealed to the GIS room shall be sufficiently ventilated during attendance of personnel, as SF6 is heavier than air and will replace breathable air in case of a major leakage after a release to lower locations/decks. For the above reasons, any leakage or loss of SF6 shall be avoided and SF6 containments are to be appropriately monitored during operation or maintenance with suitable technical measures, e.g. Gas sen- sors, SF6 leakage/pressure monitoring, etc. National regulations concerning safe SF6 handling shall be observed (e.g. BGI 753 for Germany).
A.2.3 Concerning the arrangement of Gas Sensors, the specific properties of the Gases to be de- tected shall be observed, e.g. Hydrogen is very fugitive and will accumulate right underneath the ceilings, as being much lighter than air.
A.3 Fire & gas alarm system The Fire and Gas Detection and Alarm systems shall be capable of indicating at the main control station by audible and visual means the presence and location of a fire and an accumulation of hazardous gas. Fire and Gas Alarms shall be also transmitted to the Onshore Control Room to facilitate consecutive ac- tion, especially in the case of normally unmanned Offshore Substations.
A.4 Equipment For technical details of fire or gas sensors and controllers as well as public address and general alarm system components, please refer to GL Rules for Instrumentation (IV-7-6), Section 1.
B Manual Alarm
B.1 Manual fire alarm
B.1.1 Sufficient manual fire alarm stations (Manual Call Points, MAC’s) shall be fitted at suitable locations throughout the installation/unit. The locations of MAC’s shall include the exits from day rooms, stairways, control stations, passageways and escapes.
B.1.2 The distance between MAC’s shall not exceed 20 m wherever possible.
B.1.3 If MAC’s are not sufficiently well lit by emergency lighting close-by, they are to be provided with an indicator lamp.
B.1.4 Manual Call Points may be part of a fire detection loop (see C.6, below).
B.2 Man-overboard alarm Additionally to the Manual Call Points, Man-overboard alarm pushbuttons shall be installed at suitable locations on open deck areas on the Offshore Substation.
C Arrangement of Fire Detectors and Alarm Loops
C.1 Every alarm loop shall not cover more than one fire zone and, as far as practicable, not more than one deck or a stairway connecting more than two decks.
C.2 Where there are arrangements for the separate flooding with fire extinguishing media of two or more adjoining spaces, separate fire alarm loops have also to be provided.
C.3 A fire alarm section monitoring a service area or an accommodation area shall not include a machinery space of category A.
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C.4 For areas provided with automatic pressure water spray systems, separate alarm loops per section are to be allocated.
C.5 Generally the number of the detectors shall not exceed 20 per alarm loop. The number of de- tectors grouped in each loop within a machinery space should not exceed 10.
C.6 Manually actuated alarms, i.e. Manual Alarm Call points (MAC), may be incorporated in a loop together with automatic alarms.
C.7 The arrangement and number of fire detectors have to be such that all areas with an in- creased fire risk are covered. This applies in particular to Transformer and Reactor rooms/areas, Medium and High Voltage Switchgear Rooms, Machinery spaces (e.g. Generator enclosures/rooms and control and working spaces).
C.8 Detectors should not be mounted close to ventilation outlets or in positions where the flow of air may affect their operation, or where they are liable to suffer mechanical damage.
C.9 Ceiling-mounted detectors shall normally be located at least 0.5 m from walls.
C.10 The maximum distance between detectors (and the maximum area monitored) shall not ex- ceed the following figures: • for heat detectors: 9 m (37 m2) • for smoke detectors: 11 m (74 m2) The distance from walls shall not exceed • for heat detectors: 4.5 m • for smoke detectors: 5.5 m
C.11 The installation of a type tested aspirating smoke detection (ASD) system can be approved by GL. The arrangement and setup of an ASD system shall be such that a detected fire can be clearly as- signed to a fire zone. Concerning the arrangement and dimensioning of the sampling pipes of the ASD system the manufac- turer requirements shall be strictly followed.
D Public Address and General Alarm System
D.1 Public address system
D.1.1 In addition to the general emergency alarm a public address (PA) system is generally required on all normally or temporarily manned Offshore Substations. The PA system shall be operable from stra- tegically important locations and from the central control station. It shall be audible throughout the ac- commodation area, at the crew’s normal working places and at the strategically important locations.
D.1.2 If the public address system is used to transmit the general emergency alarm (PA/GA system), the following requirements shall be fulfilled: • The requirements for the general emergency alarm shall be satisfied. • At least two amplifiers are to be provided, each of them separately supplied and fused. • At least two loudspeaker circuits, supplied from separate amplifiers, are to be installed in each fire zone, respectively in its subdivisions. • The loudspeaker circuits are to be so arranged that transmission at a reduced loudness is main- tained in the event of a failure of an amplifier or loudspeaker circuit. • Where loudspeakers with built-in volume controls are used, the volume controls must be disabled by the release of the alarm signal.
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• It shall be possible to transmit the undistorted and clearly audible alarm signal at all times. Other si- multaneous transmissions must be automatically interrupted. • It shall be possible to operate all loudspeakers at the same time. • The loudspeaker system shall be designed under observance of the minimum required sound level. • Announcement via microphone shall be free of acoustical feedback and other disturbances.
D.1.3 The installation of a public address system may be dispensed for normally unmanned OSS. In such case, the operator is responsible to provide suitable communication equipment to the crew for inter- nal communication during the temporary attendance on the installation, e.g. wireless radio. Please refer also to GL Rules for Instrumentation (IV-7-6), Section 2.
D.2 General alarm system
D.2.1 On all units or installations an alarm system shall be provided to alert the crew or to call them to the assembly points. It shall be possible to release the alarm from the central control station and also from strategically important locations.
D.2.2 Generally, the following alarms shall be established: • general emergency alarm • fire alarm • gas alarm, if required according to A.2.1and A.2.2 • abandon unit/installation The alarms shall be defined in an alarm philosophy document, which shall be submitted for certification.
D.2.3 The elements of the alarm system have to be designed independently, but shall be connected by a bus system. The use of a common control panel is permitted.
D.2.4 Means for announcement shall be provided in a sufficient number to ensure that all persons inside the installation/unit and on deck are alerted. In noisy rooms, additional visual means of alarm may be necessary.
D.2.5 Once released, the alarm shall sound continuously until it is switched off manually or is tempo- rarily interrupted for an announcement through the public address system.
D.2.6 Cables for general emergency alarm installations and for loudspeaker systems shall be fire- resistant according to IEC 60331.
D.2.7 If the main electrical power source fails, the general emergency alarm system shall be fed by the emergency power source (uninterruptible power supply fed by the emergency generator).
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