Lab.Int1 2016 Handbook.2 CS5 Copy.Indd

Course Handbook

lab.int.1 The Network and the lab.int.1 Public Interior Architecture of Interiors Design Studio 1 Scuola di Architettura Urbanistica Ingegneria delle costruzioni Politecnico di Milano aa 2015 / 2016

Mark Pimlott Leonardo Belladelli Gennaro Postiglione

Tutors Alessandra Dall’Angelo Fabio Introzzi

lab.int.1 / The Network and the Public Interior / Handbook / 003

Index

005 General Informations

012 Assignments and delivery informations 026 Brief calendar 028 Parallel works

031 Suggested readings

Contacts 004

Brussel, 1994 Mark Pimlott lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 005

General informations

Topic The topic of the studio is the network, or more precisely, the public interiors of our distended cities whose characteristics arise from networks. These interiors are of great structural importance to cities, and of great social importance, too. It is almost impossible to think of the historical centre of Milano without considering the significance of the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, its radical transformation of the centre by short-cutting the medieval street network, and its effect on the public sphere. The other gallerie and arcaded passages that followed its construction, connecting to it and spreading out around it, have created a network of public streets entirely devoted to people on foot (well before the phenomenon of pedestrianisation): a public interior realm. In the 1960s, the creation of a new network for mass transit––the Metropolitana Milanese––was intended to reduce traffic in the centre, connect workers in outlying districts to the centre, and to make travelling across the centre much faster. It changed the character of the city, and its size, simultaneously enlarging and shrinking it. Like the construction of the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, it short-circuited the experience of the city, and created an image for the new city that emerged: that of a metropolis. This image was of a different character than that of the Galleria: people did not display themselves as a coherent bourgeoisie in an ideal street crossing preserved under glass; rather, they moved in new spaces as an apparently classless public. The disparities illustrated in Italian New Realist cinema––such as Luchino Visconti’s ‘Rocco e i suoi fratelli’(1960) were to be eroded by the spaces of such networks. The MM was considered in the framework of a system, and studied 006

scientifically so that it could be ‘accessed’ with maximum efficiency. It was also designed with a high degree of attention to spatial, visual, material and haptic qualities. Its information design was in the new orthodoxy of the Milanese avant-garde, adjusted to be legible by an obliquely passing public. The whole system was considered from the inside, from the tracks to the platforms, to the staircases up to the mezzanines (almost like the streets and squares of the system), and finally, up to the street, where it made its appearance discreetly in the form of a low wall, the red-lacquered steel handrail, and the sign indicating the MM. There, it ended, surrendering its identity to those parts of the city in which it surfaced.

Planning urgency As demand on the Metropolitana Milanese network has increased, so has the demand on the provision of the mezzanine level streets and squares, which are becoming ever more useful parts of an increasingly three-dimensional urban realm. Unlike the provisions of the original project of Franco Albini, Franca Helg and Bob Noorda, accommodation of the extra capacity is being approached in an ad hoc way, apparently without any strategy other than fulfilling immediate needs, leading to an increasingly chaotic experience subject to small-scale concerns, or the exigencies of the market, which impose an entirely different character on the interior, which takes advantage of their ‘invisibility’ or ‘illegitimacy’. The spaces of this layer––which are public interiors––are of course, neither invisible nor illegitimate: they have simply been starved of attention or investment of late, and urgently require further consideration regarding their own qualities, and furthermore, their relation to the legitimated spaces of the city above ground which themselves require re-appraisal and re-characterisation, and their integration with them.

Manifesto The idea of the project is therefore to find ways of ‘restoring’ the public interior as projected by Albini/Helg/Noorda in response to very real contemporary demands, for contemporary ticketing and security, more provision for services and retail facilities, and requirements of a public interior; and furthermore, finding ways of integrating this interior with lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 007

the public space above ground, which is, in fact if not in impression, closely tied to both the urban transit network and the physical network of below-ground interiors. The project sees an opportunity to legitimate these interiors again, but not merely as underground spaces in the service of mass transit, but as spaces integral to the experience of the city. The project also sees an opportunity to revitalise the spaces of the street attendant on the Metropolitana Milanese where it is necessary: their material, their equipment, their information, their experience, their qualities as public interiors. For this reason, we have chosen a series of stations of the MM at a variety of sites in the Milanese conurbation, each with their own atmospheres, publics, interiors: these will be prototypes for an early twenty-first century approach to the public interior that takes advantage of the communicative traces of the networked city.

Method To design the new public interiors, it will be necessary to study what exists and how it works, and furthermore, to understand what was originally built and how it worked in its many contexts. An extensive study of the Metropolitana Milanese is therefore necessary, to achieve a thorough, informed and contextualised understanding of the fundamental project as a basis for future work. This is part A.

The network as an essential aspect of the city and the public interior has a deep history. To understand the network beyond that of the MM, and to open up perspectives on models that may serve the design project, it will be necessary to study other networks, their attributes and qualities. It will be necessary to describe these models, how they work, how they have fit into their culture, their effects on their contexts, and what kinds of public interiors they offer. A series of historical and more recent examples are proposed for study. This is part B.

Historical examples are: 01/ Uffizi, Firenze/ Giorgio Vasari (1570) 02/ Rialto, Venezia 03/ Centro storico, Bergamo 04/ Passages (Paris) and Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II 008

05/ Paris-Haussmann 06/ Milano centro storico (passages)

More contemporary examples are: 01/ Grand Central Terminal, New York/ Warren and Wetmore (1910) 02/ Stazione Milano Centrale/ Ulisse Stacchini; Alberto Fava (1931) 03/ Stazione Termini, Roma/ Calini, Montuori; Castelazzi, Fadigati, Pintonello, Vitellozzi (1960) 04/ Metropolitana Milanese, Stazione San Babila/ Franco Albini, Franca Helg, Bob Noorda (1962-1963) 05/ Place Ville-Marie; Central Station; Place Bonaventure; Métro Bonaventure, Montréal/ I M Pei; ARCOP; Victor Prus (1962-1967) 06/ De Meerpal, Dronten/ Frank van Klingeren (1967) 07/ No-Stop City/ (Andrea Branzi) Archizoom (1969) 08/ Sergels Torg/ David Helldén (1967) and Kulturhuset, Stockholm/ Peter Celsing (1974)

The studies will be used as references for development of the design project, which will concern itself with the plan of the mezzanine of the MM, the street level of the immediate context, including the interiors of buildings. All will require integration, and consideration of the continuity of material treatments, spatial aspects, atmosphere, artificial and natural lighting, commercial frontages, equipment and furniture, signage and information design, in order to arrive at a total project for a multi-level public interior developed in three dimensions. This is part C. lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 009

Stages and delivery The project that interests the Metro Stations in Milan and the concerning network of public interior is structured in five stages. Every stages consist of lectures, developement of the project and corrections. Stage 1, 3 and 5 will end in a Public Seminar with Students’ work Exhibition and Presentation and a closing Discussion.

STAGE 0 | 07.03 Kick-off STAGE 1 | 11.03-11.04 (public seminar) Investigation of MM Stations Buildings, current situation, and proposal concept 1st Delivery on 11th April - public seminar

STAGE 2 | 15.04-16.05 Developement of the Project 1:200 2nd Delivery on 16th May (no more lectures, only design work in the class)

STAGE 3 | 20.05-20.06 (public seminar) 1) Places of the Project 1:100 2) Material/constructive focus 1:50 - 1:20 3rd Delivery on 20th June - public seminar

STAGE 4 | 04.07 First Exam date and The Last revision - all work assembled (Stage 1-3 together)

STAGE 5 | 22-24.07 (public seminar) FINAL EXAMS - public seminar 010

Exams at Biennale Session in Venice from 22nd to 24th of June with a Public Seminar.

Practical Informations, schedule and classroom The couse will be active on - Monday (9:15-17:30, classroom B5.1) - Friday (9:15-13:15, classroom B.3.3) lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 011

Stansted GB, 1992 Mark Pimlott 012

Assignments and delivery informations

At the end of each stage each group has to deliver its own production, both presented in its original formats and assembled in a Booklet in a form of A5 collection of postcards. The booklet has to be intended as the collection of the whole work: it may contain both working materials (for istance sketches, pictures, vision atmospheres and settings, text, drawings, diagrams, maps, …), and more defined documents. Infact, it might include a presentation/ summary of the production originally arranged in the other formats. The A5 format postcards of the Booklet, have to be presented placed side by side; furthermore, the flanked postcards might be either two different images with a thematic connection, or one single image. There’s a fixed number of pages for the Booklets, in relation of the complexity degree of the specific assignment. In the case of easy assignments, the number of pages is fixed about 32. That is 8 sheets of paper, front and back printed. In the case of more articulated assignments, the number of pages is fixed about 64. That is 16 sheets of paper, front and back printed. The Booklet to present at the Exam, that is intended as the collection of the whole previous production, might contain a free number of pages.

The Booklet will be both printed and digital for playing a slide-show presentation (max 10 minutes per group) in occasion of pulic seminars. lab.int.1 / The Network and the Public Interior / Handbook / 013

Booklet Font: Helvetica, 14 for body text and 24 for titles (Work more graphic and very little testual).

STAGE 0 | Downloading background material from GDrive folder 07.03

- Material download available for the students, at the following links:

- Lab Info Management of the course (communications, announcements, agenda updates, …) At https://drive.google.com/open?id=0By69YP7JrLWyYTY5 MTQ4MGVxMUE

- Selected Stations Documentation Drawings and pictures of the Metro Station. At https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleiLTZyd 2ItWmhJQWc

- Case Study List of case studies. At https://drive.google.comopen?id=1iuJsKALCJVFM6VMC 0eB1mpQOemFdbqkXpA0T3GAMDc

- Tools That is a Gdoc containing links to tools for students to be update progressively. At https://drive.google.com/open?id=1aRkrcQZCeE1hMM4- NUMDFbSmGMFVBTGQxLlP681IylA

Those informations are intended such as open and shared tools for the students: every group is welcome in giving a contribute adding their own files and references such as title 014

of the work, maker/author, year and opportune links. - Kick-off.

- Station assignemts. The students will work on 6 stations grouped by theme, as listed below (about 12-16 working groups > ca. 2-3 groups per MM station)

Commercial context 1- Loreto 2- Porta Venezia

50’s context 3- Missori 4- Moscova

Historical context 5- Cairoli

”No man land” 6- Bisceglie

STAGE 1 | Investigation of MM Stations Buildings, current situation, and proposal concept 07.03 - 11.04 (delivery date!)

Assignment A | Understanding the existing Metro Stations

Three of the following assignments for each group

1 | The built object Metric survey; revision and update plans and sections of the Metro Stations drawings in dwg working format; map of the use; pictures; … Work materials: - Metric survey; lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 015

- Plans and sections at 1:200 scale; - Map of use and diagrams; - Pictures.

Format: - A2/ A1 printed tables.

2 | The social connotation Social- urban investigation; interviewing inhabitants/ retailer/ cooperations, etc. …; demographic structure and distribution analysis; populations investigation; etc. …

Work materials: - Sound and video recordings; - Interviews recordings; - Sketches and notes; - Report: text, pictures and diagrams.

Format: - AVI files; - A5 printed postcards.

3 | The environment and the urban context Analyse the relation between the Metro Stations and the city/ district area (boundaries, public accessibility, roads praticability, centrality and attractive places). Analyse the relation between open spaces/ built spaces, urban fabric and tipology.

Work materials: - Sketches and notes; - Text, pictures and diagrams. - Maps;

Format: - A2/ A1 printed tables. 016

4 | The structure Constructive investigation of elements, technique and materials.

Work materials: - Survey sketches and notes; - Constructive details at 1:50/ 1:20 scale; - Text, pictures, diagrams, 3D views;

Format: - A2/ A1 printed tables

5 | Working maquette 1:50 The students has to elaborate a materic model through a project of representation.

Work materials: - Maquette - Pictures of the maquette making & materials; - Pictures of maquette.

Format: - Material model; - A5 printed postcards.

6 | Working digital maquette The students has to elaborate a digital modlel through a project of representation, wich has a register of materials, information design and furniture.(Rhino or 3D studio Max)

Work materials: - Video of 3d animation; - Working file for a virtual navigation; - Pictures of digital maquette.

Format: - AVI file; lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 017

- A5 printed postcards.

The following assignment is addressed to all groups.

The essence of architecture and spatial potentilaity of assigned station Analysis of spatial features (rithm, full-voids, perspective views, sequences, light, … In general all those salient and characterizing topics in the analized structure) General references: Gestaltung studies; Bruno Zevi, Saper vedere l’archtiettura; …

Work materials: - Sketches and notes; - Video recordings; - Text, pictures, diagrams; - Picture of maquette.

Format: - AVI file; - A2/A1 printed tables

Assignment B | Case Studies analysis. Analysis of a case study in its features, as: facts background, construction, landscape, building, interior; bibliography redaction.

Work materials: - Text, pictures, diagrams;

Format: - A4 printed report N. pages: 16 pages, cover and back included.

Consider the following references as Samples of Case Study report:

01-Seagram Building-Mies van der Rohe_sample), at: 018

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0By69YP7JrLWyZ1ZQdzZKMEgta0k

02-UnionCarbideCorporateHeadquarters-John Dinkeloo K. Roche, at: https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleia3FOMkpHU2tNa3c

03-John Deree Headquarters-Eero Saarinen Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo, at: https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleiM213VDcwMGpV MG8

DELIVERY deadline: 16.05 (next stage)

Assignment C | Developement of the Concept

1 | The agenda of the project Elaboration of abstract, diagrams, layout.

Work materials: - Sketches and notes; - Text, pictures, diagrams and maps;

Format: - A2/A1 printed tables.

2 | Atmosphere of use Elaboration of visions atmosphere of the use, following emulation and inspiration. At least n.3 visions.

Work materials: - Visions of atmospheres (perspectives & photomontages)

Format: - A5 printed tables. lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 019

DELIVERY DATE STAGE 1 | PUBLIC SEMINAR 1 The 11th of April

Complete list of the work to submit (both digital and printed versions) for Assignments A and C

- Tables in different formats; - Phisical model and digital version on AVI file; - Printed Booklet (A5); - Digital version of the Booklet.

For the digital format delivery, upload the whole work to submit at 01_ Stage Delivery 1| (https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleiT GVMUHNVRkVWcFU)

STAGE 2 | Developement of the project 1:200 15.04 - 16.05 (delivery date!)

Assignment D | Project developement.

1 | Progam & lay-out Definition of the use.

Work materials: - Sketches and drawings; - Text, pictures, diagrams and maps.

Format: - Free format tables.

2 | Design proposal Definition of maps, plans & sections at 1:200 scale.

Work materials: 020

- Drawings; - Study maquette, 1:200 scale (material and digital)

Format: - Free format tables; - Phisical model and digital version on AVI file.

3 | Visions Definition of the setting visions of the project (at least three visions)

Working materials: - Visions (photo maquette & perspectives)

Format: - A5 printed postcards.

Assignment E | Project’s manifesto

The manifesto of the project Define a synthetic collection of the delivered production, articulate in a title, a picture, and an abstract.

Working materials: - Manifesto (miscellaneous of previous works)

Format: - A3 vertical format.

DELIVERY DATE STAGE 2 The 16th of May

Complete list of the work to submit (both digital and printed versions) for Assignments D and E + Assignment B of STAGE 1

- Tables in different formats; lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 021

- Study maquettes: phisical model and digital version on AVI file; - Printed Booklet (A5); - Digital version of the Booklet.

For the digital format delivery, upload the whole work to submit at 02_ Stage Delivery 2| (https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleiN 0pUdHRJVlJZWFU)

STAGE 3 | Developement of the project - Places of the Project 1:100 - Constructive and material focus 1:50 - 1:20 20.05 - 20.06 (delivery date!) Pre- exams stage

Assignment F | Definition of Substantial Settings and Locations of the Project.

1 | Design proposal Define maps, plans & sections at 1:100 scale.

Working materials: - Drawings; - Maquette at 1:100 scale of the project (material and digital)

Format: - Free format tables; - Phisical model and digital version on AVI file.

2 | Visions Definition of the places visions of the project (at least three visions)

Working materials: - Picture of places visions (photo maquette & perspectives)

Format: 022

- A5 printed postcards.

Assignment G | Focus and detailed study (both spatial and material) of one single setting previously selected.

Detail Define constructive details (section view) at 1:50 - 1:20 scale.

Working materials: - Sketches and drawings. - Maquette at 1:50 scale.

Format: - Free format tables. - Phisical model and digital version on AVI file.

DELIVERY DATE STAGE 3 | PUBLIC SEMINAR 3 The 20th of June

Complete list of the work to submit (both digital and printed versions) for Assignments F and G

- Tables in different formats; - Study maquettes: phisical model and digital version on AVI file; - Printed Booklet (A5); - Digital version of the Booklet. For the digital format delivery, upload the whole work to submit at 03_ Stage Delivery 3| Link: https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleiVjYwUk0wQkh TWlE

STAGE 4 | First exam date and the last Public Seminar: all work assembled (Stage 1-3 together) lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 023

27.06 - 04.07 (delivery dates!)

Complete list of the work to submit

- work delivered as at STAGE 1 (up graded according suggestions) - Agenda of the project; - Atmosphere postcards of use; - Lay-out; - Plans and sections, project state 1:200 scale; - Vision postcards of the settings; - A3 poster manifesto of the project; - A4 report of case studies; - Plans and sections, project state 1:100 scale; - Maquette of the project 1:50 scale; - Digital maquette (eventually); - Vision postcards of project places; - Constructive details 1:50 - 1:20 scale; - Booklet (Printed and PDF)

For the digital format delivery, upload the whole work to submit at 04_ Stage Delivery 4| Link: https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleiNnJIUWVVcUY wYjA

EXAM | Public exhibition and presentation of the work @ Biennale di Architettura-Venice 22.07 - 24.07

For the digital format delivery, upload the whole work to submit at 05_ EXAM (https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ZHrxPWHleiVEdWdGVBR G8yS3M) 024 lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 025

Den Haag NL, 2005 Mark Pimlott 026

Brief calendar

MARCH #01 #02 #03 #04 Monday, March, 07 March, 14 March, 21 March, 28 classroom Lab kick- off WR WR No- class B 5.1 Presentation & OL at 17:00 OL at 17:00 (Easter Holi- practicalities days) Friday, March, 11 March, 18 March, 25 March, 01 classroom Survey Survey No- class LL at 9:30 B 3.3

STAGE 0 STAGE 1

APRIL #05 #06 #07 #08 Monday, April, 04 April, 11 April, 18 April, 25 classroom WR SD 1 WR No- class B 5.1 OL at 17:00 PS 1 OL at 17:00 Friday, April, 08 April, 15 April, 22 April, 29 classroom WR LL at 9:30 LL at 9:30 LL at 9:30 B 3.3

STAGE 2

WR: work and revisions OL: Open Lecture, by Mark Pimlott at 17:00 LL: Lab-int Lectures SD: Stage Delivery PS: Public Seminar E: Exam NO- Class: festivity / degree / closing Uni lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 027

MAY #09 #10 #11 #12 #13 Monday, May, 02 May, 09 May, 16 May, 23 May, 30 classroom WR WR SD 2 WR WR B 5.1 OL at 17:00 PS 2 OL at 17:00 OL at 17:00

Friday, May, 06 May, 13 May, 20 May, 27 June, 03 classroom LL at 9:30 WR WR WR No- class B 3.3 (Study trip 2-6, arranged by atudents) STAGE 3

JUNE #14 #15 #16 #17 Monday, June, 06 June, 13 June, 20 June, 27 classroom WR WR SD 3 LAB-INT CLOSING B 5.1 OL at 17:00 OL at 17:00 LECTURE at 17:00 Friday, June, 10 June, 17 June, 24 classroom WR WR WR B 3.3

STAGE 4

JULY #18 #19 #20 #21 Monday, / July, 04 / July, 22, 23, 24 classroom REVISIONS Exam @ Biennale B 5.1 Session, Venice EXAM PS 3 STAGE 1 028

Parallel works

Open Lecture Lectures by Mark Pimlott.

Every Monday evening at 17:00.

# 01 My work: here, now and # 07 The machine. elsewhere. 30th of May 14th of March # 08 The ruin. # 02 The network, part 1. 6th of June 21st of March # 09 The garden. # 03 The network 2. 13th of June 4th of April # 10 Closing lectures. # 04 The city and interior; territory and 27th of June interiority. 18th of April

# 05 The Metropolitana Milanese and the streets of the city; Albini, Helg, Noorda. 9th of May

# 06 The case of Montréal in the 1960s. 23rd of May lab.int.1 / The Network and the public Interior / Handbook / 029

Public Seminar Public Seminar with Students’ work Exhibition and Presentation and a closing Discussion with guest lecturer.

Every Monday at 14:00.

# 01 Site and Programme Mapping, with: Paola Savoldi (Politecnico Milano); Andrea Di Giacomo (Politecnico Milano); Massimo Bricocoli (Politecnico Milano); Lorenzo Bini (Binocle) 11th April

# 02 Mid Term Review, with: Hector Elorza (ETSAM) José Maria Del Monte (ETSAM) Lorenzo Bini (Binocle) 16th of May

# 03 Final Exam @ Biennale session, Venice, with: Lorenzo Bini (Binocle) Mauro Baracco (RMIT) Tom Holbrook (5th Studio) 22nd, 23rd, 24th July 030

Montréal CA, 1995 Mark Pimlott lab.int.1 / The Network and the Public Interior / Handbook / 031