Rodentia: Nesomyidae) in Extreme Southeastern Madagascar
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Evoregions: Mapping Shifts in Phylogenetic Turnover Across Biogeographic
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/650713; this version posted May 27, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Evoregions: Mapping Shifts in Phylogenetic Turnover Across Biogeographic 2 Regions 3 Running head: Mapping evolutionary important regions 4 Renan Maestri1,* & Leandro Duarte1,* 5 1Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 6 Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15007, Porto Alegre RS 91501-970, Brazil 7 *Correspondence be sent to: Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio 8 Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CP 15007, Porto Alegre RS 91501-970, 9 Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 10 ABSTRACT: Biogeographic regionalization offers context to the geographical 11 evolution of clades. The positions of bioregions inform both the spatial location of 12 clusters in species distribution and where their most important boundaries are. 13 Nevertheless, defining bioregions based on species distribution alone only incidentally 14 recovers regions that are important during the evolution of the focal group. The extent 15 to which bioregions correspond to centers of independent diversification depends on 16 how clusters of species composition naturally reflect the radiation of single clades, 17 which is not the case when mixed colonization occurred. Here, we showed that using 18 phylogenetic turnover based on fuzzy sets, instead of species composition, led to more 19 adequate detection of evolutionary important bioregions, that is, regions that truly 20 account for the independent diversification of lineages. -
Norntates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y
AMERICAN MUSEUM Norntates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3052, 19 pp., 9 figures, 1 table December 14, 1992 Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura) from Indigenous Sulawesi Rodents: a New Species of Polyplax from a Montane Shrew Rat, and New Information About Polyplax wallacei and P. eropepli LANCE A. DURDEN' AND GUY G. MUSSER2 ABSTRACT Polyplax melasmothrixi, a new species of po- from Eropeplus canus from tropical upper mon- lyplacid sucking louse, is described from Melas- tane rain forest also in Central Sulawesi. Host and mothrix naso, a small-bodied shrew rat known habitat associations for these three species ofsuck- only from tropical upper montane rain forest in ing lice are discussed. Polyplax melasmothrixi and Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The male ofPolyplax P. eropepli are both known only from montane wallacei is described from specimens collected from habitats in Central Sulawesi and both appear to Bunomys chrysocomus trapped in tropical lowland be host specific (to M. naso and E. canus, respec- evergreen rain forest in Central Sulawesi. A further tively). Contrastingly, P. wallacei parasitizes two specimen ofPolyplax eropepli, a taxon previously species ofBunomys in lowland forests and is known known only from the type series, is documented from North and Central Sulawesi. INTRODUCTION Melasmothrix naso, Bunomys chrysoco- Musser and Holden, 1991). The shrew rat, mus, and Eropeplus canus are three murine M. naso, and the large-bodied E. canus have rodents found only in forests on the Indo- been recorded only from montane rainforest nesian island of Sulawesi (Musser, 1987; formations in the mountainous central part I Assistant Professor and Assistant Curator, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern Uni- versity, Landrum Box 8056, Statesboro, Georgia 30460. -
Quaternary Murid Rodents of Timor Part I: New Material of Coryphomys Buehleri Schaub, 1937, and Description of a Second Species of the Genus
QUATERNARY MURID RODENTS OF TIMOR PART I: NEW MATERIAL OF CORYPHOMYS BUEHLERI SCHAUB, 1937, AND DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS K. P. APLIN Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) K. M. HELGEN Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 341, 80 pp., 21 figures, 4 tables Issued July 21, 2010 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2010 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................... 3 Introduction . ...................................................... 3 The environmental context ........................................... 5 Materialsandmethods.............................................. 7 Systematics....................................................... 11 Coryphomys Schaub, 1937 ........................................... 11 Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 . ................................... 12 Extended description of Coryphomys buehleri............................ 12 Coryphomys musseri, sp.nov.......................................... 25 Description.................................................... 26 Coryphomys, sp.indet.............................................. 34 Discussion . .................................................... -
Subfamily Nesomyinae)
bs_bs_banner Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, ••, ••–••. With 5 figures Latitude drives diversification in Madagascar’s endemic dry forest rodent Eliurus myoxinus (subfamily Nesomyinae) JEFF J. SHI1†, LAUREN M. CHAN1*‡, ZAFIMAHERY RAKOTOMALALA2,3, AMY M. HEILMAN1, STEVEN M. GOODMAN3,4 and ANNE D. YODER1 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA 2Département de Biologie Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar 3Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar 4Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA Received 29 March 2013; revised 14 May 2013; accepted for publication 14 May 2013 Numerous hypotheses have been proposed for the historical processes governing the rich endemism of Madagas- car’s biodiversity. The ‘watershed model’ suggests that drier climates in the recent geological past have resulted in the contraction of forests around major watersheds, thereby defining areas of endemism. We test whether this hypothesis explains phylogeographical patterns in a dry forest-dependent rodent, Eliurus myoxinus, an endemic species widely distributed through western Madagascar. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus and nuclear introns of the β-fibrinogen and the growth hormone receptor genes for E. myoxinus. Using a parametric bootstrapping approach, we tested whether the mitochondrial gene tree data fit expectations of local differentiation given the watershed model. We additionally estimated population differentiation and historical demographic parameters, and reconstructed the spatial history of E. myoxinus to highlight spatial and temporal patterns of differentiation. The data do not support the watershed model as a clear explanation for the genetic patterns of diversity within extant E. -
Novltates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y
AMERICAN MUSEUM Novltates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3064, 34 pp., 8 figures, 2 tables June 10, 1993 Philippine Rodents: Chromosomal Characteristics and Their Significance for Phylogenetic Inference Among 13 Species (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae) ERIC A. RICKART1 AND GUY G. MUSSER2 ABSTRACT Karyotypes are reported for 13 murines be- bers of 50 and 88, respectively, indicating longing to the endemic Philippine genera Apomys, substantial chromosomal variability within that Archboldomys, Batomys, Bullimus, Chrotomys, genus. Archboldomys (2N = 26, FN = 43) has an Phloeomys, and Rhynchomys, and the widespread aberrant sex chromosome system and a karyotype genus Rattus. The karyotype of Phloeomys cum- that is substantially different from other taxa stud- ingi (2N = 44, FN = 66) differs from that of P. ied. The karyotype ofBullimus bagobus (2N = 42, pallidus (2N = 40, FN = 60), and both are chro- FN = ca. 58) is numerically similar to that of the mosomally distinct from other taxa examined. Two native Rattus everetti and the two non-native spe- species of Batomys (2N = 52), Chrotomys gon- cies ofRattus, R. tanezumi and R. exulans. Chro- zalesi (2N = 44), Rhynchomys isarogensis (2N = mosomal data corroborate some phylogenetic re- 44), and Apomys musculus (2N = 42) have FN = lationships inferred from morphology, and support 52-53 and a predominance of telocentric chro- the hypothesis that the Philippine murid fauna is mosomes. Two other species ofApomys have dip- composed of separate clades representing inde- loid numbers of30 and 44, and fundamental num- pendent ancestral invasions of the archipelago. INTRODUCTION The Philippine Islands support a remark- Heaney and Rickart, 1990; Musser and Hea- ably diverse murine rodent fauna, including ney, 1992). -
Prof. Dr. Simone Sommer, University of Ulm Publication Record
Prof. Dr. Simone Sommer, University of Ulm Publication record (peer-reviewed, chronological order) In review Fackelmann F, Gillingham MAF, Schmid J, Heni AC, Wilhelm K, Sommer S. Human encroachment into wildlife gut microbiomes. Fleischer R, Risely A, Hoeck PEA, Keller LF, Sommer S. Mechanisms governing avian phylosymbiosis: genetic dissimilarity based on neutral and MHC regions exhibits little relationship with gut microbiome distributions of Galápagos mockingbirds. Gillingham MAF, Borghesi F, Montero BK, Migani F, Béchet A, Rendón-Martos M, Amat JA, Dinelli E, Sommer S. Site dependent bioaccumulation of trace elements is associated with chick body condition and gut microbiome composition in Greater Flamingos. Jiménez RR, Alvarado G, Sandoval J, Sommer S. Habitat disturbance influences the skin microbiome of a rediscovered neotropical-montane frog. Montero BK, Wasimuddin, Schwensow N, Gillingham MAF, Ratovonamana YR, Rakotondranary SJ, Corman V, Drosten C, Ganzhorn JU, Sommer S. MHC class I and II influence viral and helmith infection via the microbiome. Risely A, Gillingham MAF, Béchet A, Brändel S, Heni A, Heurich M, Menke S, Manser M, Schmid J, Tschapka M, Wasimuddin, Sommer S. Patterns in gut microbiota prevalence across host species and implications for defining the core. Schmid J, Pirzer F, Corman V, Maier G, Wilhelm K, Eibner GJ, Montero BK, Drosten C, Sommer S. Habitat disturbance affects pathogen richness and prevalence in spiny rats via direct and indirect pathways. Víquez-R L, Fleischer R, Wilhelm K, Tschapka M, Sommer S. Jumping the green wall: the use of PNA- DNA clamps to enhance microbiome sampling depth in wildlife microbiome research. 2020 Gillingham MAF, Montero BK, Wilhelm K, Grudzus K, Sommer S, Santos PSC (2020) A novel workflow to improve multi-locus genotyping of wildlife species: an experimental set-up with a known model system. -
Distribution of Native and Non-Native Rats (Rattus Spp.) Along an Elevational Gradient in a Tropical Rainforest of Southern Luzon, Philippines
ECOTROPICA 14: 129–136, 2008 © Society for Tropical Ecology DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE RATS (RATTUS SPP.) ALONG AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST OF SOUTHERN LUZON, PHILIPPINES Cristina C. Salibay & Hazel Anne V. Luyon De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas, Cavite, Philippines Abstract. Rats (Muridae) of the genus Rattus occur in the Philippines, both as native and as invasive species. While the invasive species are well known to use a large range of anthropogenic habitats, little is known about their potential to occur in forest areas. We studied the occurrence and relative abundance of different species of Rattus in forests along elevational gradients on three mountains within the Palay-palay / Mataas na Gulod National Park in Southern Luzon, Philippines. Four Rattus species were collected and their occurrence and relative abundance were found to differ significantly between species and along elevational gradients. Rattus norvegicus (40.3% of captures), R. tanezumi (21.5%), and R. argentiventer (5.6%) are invasive species and R. everetti (32.7%) a native forest-inhabiting species. While the three invasive species were most abundant at low elevations, R. everetti was most abundant at higher elevations. The number of invasive rats has been attributed to their survival and adaptation at lower elevations, where habitat conversion and degradation are most intense, while native species are more common at higher elevations where habitat is relatively un- disturbed. Key words: elevation, forest species, invasive species, Philippines, rainforest, Rattus species. INTRODUCTION and occur at high abundances in local mammal as- semblages (Heaney et al. 1998, Steppan et al. 2003). -
Non-Flying Mammals of Mindanao Island, Philippines WEB VERSION 1 Lawrence R
Non-Flying Mammals of Mindanao Island, Philippines WEB VERSION 1 Lawrence R. Heaney, Nina R. Ingle, Jodi L. Sedlock, Blas R. Tabaranza Jr., Zoology Dept., The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA Illustrations by J.L. Sedlock. Photos by: L.R. Heaney, N.R. Ingle, P.D. Heideman, M. Dagosto. Produced by: R.B. Foster, N.R. Ingle, M.R. Metz, with support from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Brown Fund of The Field Museum.© L. Heaney, N. Ingle, J. Sedlock, B. Tabaranza Jr.; Environ. & Conservation Programs, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. [[email protected]] Rapid Color Guide #50 version 1.1 Macaca fascicularis Tarsius syrichta Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Viverra tangalunga CERCOPITHECIDAE TARSIIDAE VIVERRIDAE VIVERRIDAE Cynocephalus volans Urogale everetti Crocidura beatus Suncus murinus CYNOCEPHALIDAE TUPAIIDAE SORICIDAE SORICIDAE Podogymnura truei Batomys salomonseni Bullimus bagobus Crunomys suncoides ERICINACEIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE Limnomys sibuanus Rattus everetti Rattus tanezumi Tarsomys apoensis MURIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE Apomys insignis Rattus exulans Tarsomys apoensis, Tarsomys sp., Apomys hylocoetes Exilisciurus concinnus (Top) MURIDAE (Bottom) (Left to Right) MURIDAE (Top to Bottom) SCIURDAE These photos show most genera of non-flying mammals known from Mindanao. Not pictured here but easily identified are the Philippine Wild Pig (Sus philippensis, Suidae) and the Philippine Deer (Cervus mariannus, Cervidae). Rats and mice of the family Muridae are represented by 15 species, some very hard to tell apart. Many characters should be examined, such as body measurements and the structure of the feet, including the shape and size of pads and the fur on them; fur texture and color; and the number and location of nipples (on females). -
Rodent Assemblages in the Mosaic of Habitat Types in the Zambezian Bioregion
diversity Article Rodent Assemblages in the Mosaic of Habitat Types in the Zambezian Bioregion Vincent R. Nyirenda 1,* , Ngawo Namukonde 1 , Matamyo Simwanda 2 , Darius Phiri 2, Yuji Murayama 3 , Manjula Ranagalage 3,4 and Kaula Milimo 5 1 Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] 2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.P.) 3 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (M.R.) 4 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka 5 Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Ministry of Tourism and Arts, Private Bag 1, Chilanga 10100, Zambia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +260-977-352035 Received: 12 July 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Abstract: Rodent assemblages have ecological importance in ecosystem functioning and protected area management. Our study examines the patterns of assemblages of rodents across four habitat types (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland, grasslands and farmlands) in the savanna environment. Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods were applied for data collection across the Chembe Bird Sanctuary (CBS) landscape. The Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used for exploratory data analysis, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey–Kramer’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc tests. -
Mystromys Albicaudatus – White-Tailed Rat
Mystromys albicaudatus – White-tailed Rat Fynbos biomes; Dean 1978) and is endemic to South Africa and Lesotho. Although it occurs widely across the assessment region, it has an extremely patchy and fragmented area of occupancy due to its preference for microhabitats within vegetation types and transitory habitats created after fire. Out of a total area of 417,452 km2 broadly available to the species, we inferred an effective occupancy of only 3,719–12,061 km2. They are one of the rarest species in the small mammal community, as demonstrated by consistently low trapping records. Given estimated densities ranging from 0.9– 37 colonies (breeding pairs) / km2, the most likely mature population size is 6,997–13,648 individuals. Using Patrick O’Farrell grassland vegetation type as a proxy for subpopulation delineation, subpopulation size averages 178 ± 177 colonies and ranges from 1–760 colonies, which means Red List status (2016) Vulnerable C2a(i)*† the largest subpopulation is likely to be 712–1,521 mature Red List status (2008) Endangered A3c individuals. There is an inferred continuing decline from grassland habitat loss (due to expansion in crop Reasons for change Non-genuine change: agriculture, urban and industrial development, and climate New information change) and grassland habitat degradation, primarily from Red List status (2004) Endangered A3c suppression of natural fire regimens. This may represent an emerging threat to this species if fire is increasingly TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None suppressed or controlled with the rise of intensive wildlife CITES listing None breeding. Grasslands are the most threatened biome in the assessment region with at least 33% transformed Endemic No already. -
Dendromus Nyikae – Nyika African Climbing Mouse
Dendromus nyikae – Nyika African Climbing Mouse records have been misidentified with other Dendromus species. Further molecular work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of the species within the assessment region. For this reason, we list this species as Data Deficient until new evidence is available for reassessment. Photograph Regional population effects: No dispersal is suspected, thus this is suspected to be an isolated population wanted (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Distribution This species occurs widely but patchily throughout southern Africa, extending into the Eastern Arc mountains of Tanzania in the north (Monadjem et al. 2015). It is found only in natural moist savannah habitat. Although Regional Red List status (2016) Data Deficient* widespread throughout Zimbabwe, within the assessment National Red List status (2004) Near Threatened B1 region it has only been collected from the Tzaneen district of Limpopo (Rautenbach 1982). While recent specimens Reasons for change Non-genuine change: from Phinda Private Game Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal were New information provisionally assigned to D. nyikae (Rautenbach et al. 2014), subsequent genetic analyses revealed the Global Red List status (2016) Least Concern specimens to be D. melanotis sensu lato (Solano et al. TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None 2014). It has not been recorded in Mozambique (Monadjem et al. 2015). CITES listing None Endemic Edge of range Population *Watch-list Data It is generally uncommon but can be locally abundant This species was first described from the (Happold 2013). It is a common species in Zimbabwe, but Nyika Plateau in Malawi. has not been recently recorded within the assessment region. The presence and taxonomic status of this species in South Africa needs further investigation. -
IRBP) in Ground Squirrels and Blind Mole Rats
Molecular Evolution of the Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP) in Ground Squirrels and Blind Mole Rats Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with Research Distinction in Biology in the Undergraduate Colleges of The Ohio State University by Bethany N. Army The Ohio State University December 2015 Project Advisor: Dr. Ryan W. Norris, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Abstract Blind mole rats are subterranean rodents and spend most of their lifetime underground. Because these mammals live in a dark environment, their eyes have physically changed and even the role played by their eyes has changed. The processing of visual information begins in the retina, with the detection of light by photoreceptor cells. Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) is a transport protein, which facilitates exchange between photoreceptors and retinal-pigmented epithelium. The IRBP gene has been commonly used in rodent phylogenetic analyses, so I analyzed IRBP in blind mole rats to interpret its evolution and to see if there were any changes among the amino acids in the protein. To do this I used molecular data (cytochrome b and IRBP) from two groups of rodents, the muroids and the marmotines. I constructed phylogenetic trees and interpreted the amino acid sequence of IRBP. Blind mole rats had a slower rate of evolution than expected, but there were changes along the amino acid sequence of IRBP, which may indicate that the IRBP gene is functioning in a specialized way to meet the needs of the particular lifestyle of this mammal. Introduction: Blind mole rats, subfamily Spalacinae, are burrowing mammals that spend most of their life underground.