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Parentage Statements and Paired Stelae: Signs of Dynastic Succession for the Classic Maya

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Parentage Statements and Paired Stelae: Signs of Dynastic Succession for the Classic Maya Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2008-12-22 Parentage Statements and Paired Stelae: Signs of Dynastic Succession for the Classic Maya Daniel Moroni Stewart Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Anthropology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Stewart, Daniel Moroni, "Parentage Statements and Paired Stelae: Signs of Dynastic Succession for the Classic Maya" (2008). Theses and Dissertations. 1588. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1588 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. PARENTAGE STATEMENTS AND PAIRED STELAE: SIGNS OF DYNASTIC SUCCESSION FOR THE CLASSIC MAYA by Daniel Moroni Stewart A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology Brigham Young University April 2009 Copyright © 2009 Daniel Moroni Stewart All Rights Reserved BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of the thesis submitted by Daniel Moroni Stewart This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. __________________________ __________________________________ Date Donald W. Forsyth, Chair __________________________ __________________________________ Date James R. Allison __________________________ __________________________________ Date Allen J. Christenson __________________________ __________________________________ Date John Edward Clark BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY As chair of the candidate’s graduate committee, I have read the thesis of Daniel Moroni Stewart in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographical style are consistent and acceptable and fulfill university and department style requirements; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the graduate committee and is ready for submission to the university library. _________________________ _________________________________ Date Donald W. Forsyth Chair, Graduate Committee Accepted for the Department __________________________________ Joel C. Janetski Graduate Coordinator Accepted for the College ___________________________________ Susan Rugh Associate Dean, College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences ABSTRACT PARENTAGE STATEMENTS AND PAIRED STELAE: SIGNS OF DYNASTIC SUCCESSION FOR THE CLASSIC MAYA Daniel Moroni Stewart Department of Anthropology Master of Arts The purpose of this thesis is to describe and document parentage statements and paired stela found on Maya monuments or portable objects. While the existence of parentage statements, within the Maya text, has been known since the late 1970s, no thesis or major research project has ever been published pertaining to this class of glyphs within the Maya script. In 1977 Christopher Jones is credited with the discovery of parentage statements in Maya hieroglyphic texts (Jones 1977). His discovery was followed by a detailed analysis of parentage statements by Floyd Lounsbury, Peter Mathews, and Linda Schele (1977). They introduced most of the known parentage statements and detailed their use in the hieroglyphic texts. While their work, which introduced parentage statements, in general, is cited regularly as the all-encompassing source of information about parentage statements, it remains unpublished. This thesis provides a source for all new and previous work done on parentage statements and insight into possibly why parentage statements were used by the Classic Maya. An analysis of 253 archaeological sites containing a total of 2473 glyphic monuments was conducted as part of this thesis. Justin Kerr’s online vase and photo collections were also checked for parentage statements on portable objects and ceramic vessels. Parentage statements were found on 225 monuments and 70 portable objects bringing the total to 295 different monuments with parentage statements. Each parentage statement is identified and transcribed phonetically. The usage of each parentage statement and its variants are then mapped through time. Also introduced in this thesis is the death of a parent glyph commonly known as the Winged Capped Ajaw Death Phrase. An analysis of its usage demonstrates that it refers to the death of a parent. Paired stelae were analyzed as another possible form of parentage statements. This thesis tests three hypotheses on why parentage statements were used. They included ancestor worship, political legitimacy, and heir designation. The weaknesses and strengths of each hypothesis are demonstrated through case studies. Lastly, the appendices include source material for each site and monument researched as part of this thesis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to first acknowledge and thank my wife Rose Marie for supporting me in all my schooling endeavors. I would like to thank her for putting up with my late nights and piles of library books scattered throughout our small apartment. I would also like to thank my son Jeremy for all of his helpful advice about the direction my thesis was taking (I assume all of his gibberish was advice and not him asking me to come out and play). Jeremy you made my breaks so much more enjoyable and you great for stress relief. I would like to also thank my father for his hours of editing and proof reading of my earlier thesis drafts. I would also like to thank my committee members, Donald Forsyth, James Allison, Allen Christenson, and John Clark for all of their help in preparing this thesis. Special thanks go to Donald Forsyth and Allen Christenson for letting me take all of their Maya classes and answering all of my many questions. I would also like to thank Danny Law who taught the Maya hieroglyphics class at BYU and set the foundation for all of my future research in Maya epigraphy. His cultivation of my interest was by far the major contributor to the success of this thesis. I would also like to thank the many professors and students from other institutions who willingly gave me access to their knowledge and information about the many Maya sites included in this thesis. A special thanks to Barbara Fash and the Harvard Corpus of Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions for the research drawings and advice that she provided me. The care and effort she spent in my behalf went far and beyond normal expectations. Without her help many of the conclusions derived in this thesis would not be possible. Lastly, a special thanks to Marc Zender, Zachary Nelson, and Janis Calleja for their timely advice and clear explanations. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction and Format ..................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Previous Work ................................................................................................................ 1 Proposal........................................................................................................................... 4 Rationale for Doing this Study ....................................................................................... 4 Sources of Monumental Art ............................................................................................ 7 Sources for Monument Photographs ............................................................................... 8 Sources for Ceramic and Portable Objects: .................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 Methods and Dating ......................................................................................... 10 Locating Maya Monuments: ......................................................................................... 10 Dating of Monuments: .................................................................................................. 12 Methods of Analysis: .................................................................................................... 13 Transcription and Translation of Hieroglyphic Texts: .................................................. 13 Rules for transcribing Maya texts: ............................................................................ 13 Rules for transliterating Maya texts: ......................................................................... 14 Other Rules for hieroglyphic texts: ........................................................................... 14 Physical Division of the Maya Area: ............................................................................ 14 ix Copan Sub-Region .................................................................................................... 15 Belize Sub-Region .................................................................................................... 15 El Petexbatun Sub-Region ........................................................................................ 16 La Usumacinta Sub-Region ...................................................................................... 17 Tonina Sub-Region ................................................................................................... 18 San Pedro Martir Sub-Region
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