certification program for consulting meteorologists

The program as of 19841 fication program strengthens meteorology and the Society in ways that transcend types of employment and the previous In an age of expanded environmental technology, the narrow implications of private consulting for fee. Certifica- scope and detail of meteorological applications within tion is gaining the same significance in meteorology that it agriculture, business, industry, and various sectors of has had in other technical professions for many years. In con- government operations have brought increasing demands trast with the limited view of consulting meteorology of only for specialized services by meteorologists. These services a decade ago, certification now applies to many branches of extended beyond the traditional public service functions professional meteorology. The President of the Society in the and statutory responsibilities of the National Weather January 1973 BULLETIN devoted his annual editorial to the Service, and the private practice of consulting meteorol- relevance and vitality of the program. Beginning in February ogy has developed in answer to some of the needs which 1976, 15 essays on the meaning of the CCM program have arose. In meteorology, as in other technical professions appeared as a special series in the BULLETIN. such as engineering and medicine, individuals form and maintain close contact with the public, and in doing so are representatives of their profession. The AMS Consulting meteorologist recognized a need for a professional certification program Fundamentally the consulting meteorologist is a profes- for the advancement of professional ideals within mete- sional meteorologist whose practice is founded upon orology and within the other spheres of activity in which an understanding of the atmosphere and its behavior, meteorologists participate. This certification in mete- and upon his abilities acquired in applying this bene- orology was to be a national program of the American ficially to the affairs of mankind. Moreover, these quali- Meteorological Society. ties are accompanied by wisdom of a more general na- Such a Society program, to be administered by a Board ture that enables him to apply his specialized knowledge of Certified Consulting Meteorologists, was conceived in to a broader spectrum of related activities. Meteorologi- a report submitted to the Council by the AMS Commit- cal consulting may entail providing services individually tee on Industrial Meteorology in the fall of 1956. The to many clients on a fee-basis, or serving a company or recommendation was approved with slight modifica- government agency where such work comprises part or tions by the Council, which appointed a Board and also all the meteorologist's functions. In any case, the essen- certified those first few members. The original announce- tial attribute of the certified meteorologist is a special- ment was made in the November 1957 BULLETIN. In a con- ized knowledge combined with a broad background, an tinuing effort to improve the program, the Board constantly ingrained concept of service, and a clear and unwavering assesses its procedures with an eye to providing the AMS adherence to the rules of professional conduct. membership with improved knowledge and understanding of the program, and to enhance the objectivity and fairness of Purpose of certification the procedures. A review in 1981 led to some procedural The CCM program is a service for the general public by the modifications of a relatively minor nature and to a "codifica- American Meteorological Society. The Society has estab- tion" of the policies and procedures. These were published in lished high standards of technical competence, character, the March 1982 BULLETIN (pp. 317-319) and are incorpo- and experience for those who would seek to provide advice rated in the information that follows to provide a wide un- and consultation in meteorology to the public. The CCM derstanding of the certification procedures. Program was established to certify that certain individuals As of July 1984 the Society has issued 371 certificates to have been tested and found to meet or exceed those stand- those named in the appended list. A high percentage of the ards. The purpose is to enable users of meteorological serv- qualified persons whose principal endeavor was private prac- ices to select consultants or employees with greater confi- tice of meteorology have applied for and earned the certifi- dence in the quality and reliability of the products or services cate. Recent years have shown increased interest in certifica- they will receive. tion from salaried meteorologists employed in industry, Certification is a formal recognition on the part of his universities, research institutions, federal laboratories, and colleagues, acting through their Society, that an appli- state agencies. This evolution is a realistic reflection of the cant is considered well qualified to carry on the work growth of applied meteorology as a profession; of the in- of a consulting meteorologist. The purpose of such creasing number of professional, specialized services ac- certification is fivefold: knowledged as aspects of jobs in industry and government; and of broadening recognition by meteorologists that a certi- 1) To foster the establishment and maintenance of a high level of professional competency, and mature and ethical counsel, in the field of consulting meteorology. 1 Single copies of "What is a Consulting Meteorologist?" a bro- chure describing consulting meteorology, are available from the So- 2) To provide a basis on which a client seeking assist- ciety at no charge. ance on problems of a meteorological nature may be as-

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sured of mature, competent, and ethical professional of employers, should be conducted in a spirit of conforming counsel. in full to the Society's Code of Ethics. 3) To provide incentive for the continued professional In the matter of qualification on basis of character, the ap- growth of the meteorologist after completion of his plication requires the naming of at least three professional academic training. references, including one Certified Consulting Meteorologist. 4) To enhance the prestige, authority, success, and The applicant's record of professional work should clearly emoluments of consulting meteorology specifically, and indicate that he or she maintains those traits for conduct of professional meteorology generally, by encouraging complying fully with the Code of Ethics of the Society and such a consistently high order of professional activity applying generally in public contacts. that unqualified practitioners will either labor to achieve this recognition or retire from the field. 5) To provide a guide for eventual licensing of con- sulting meteorologists by state governments. Board of Certified Consulting Meteorologists

This Board is a standing committee of the Society under the Qualifications for certification Commission on Professional Affairs. It is responsible for considering applications and making recommendations in regard to certification. The Board consists of five certified The qualifications are centered about the fundamental char- members2 who do not hold elective office in the Society and acteristics of 1) knowledge, 2) experience, and 3) character. who contribute their time and interest to the program. No No one attribute can be considered sufficient unto itself, nor more than one member may be professionally employed by can excellence in any two compensate for a deficiency in the the same company during tenure on the Board. Members are third; the three characteristics comprise a trinity of qualities appointed by Council action for terms of five years, with one that represent the goal to which an individual seeking this rec- term beginning each year. Actions of the Board are by major- ognition should aspire. ity vote and are reported to the Commission. Knowledge. To attain this recognition an individual should In order to ensure the fairness of the examination proce- have a comprehensive, although not a detailed, understand- dures, the Board has adopted the policy that its members will ing of the main aspects of meteorological knowledge. The avoid conflicts of interest in the evaluation process. Members role of specialization is recognized but the dangers of all will continue to avoid such conflicts by disqualifying them- depth and no breadth need to be clearly recognized. The selves from evaluating competitors or business associates work of a consulting meteorologist is to some extent in the when such relationships would interfere with their nature of applied research. Thus, an understanding of re- impartiality. search and the principles of scientific method, as well as demonstrated competence in applying these principles is a desirable characteristic. The role of formal education in ac- quiring knowledge is quite obvious but, also quite obviously, the two cannot be equated. Procedures for certification Qualification on basis of knowledge is, in first measure, in- dicated by college education including successful completion Application for designation as a Certified Consulting Mete- of courses in meteorology meeting national standards for orologist is made through the headquarters office of the professional employment. Lack of a college degree is not a Society. The application materials are then forwarded by bar to certification, and the doctoral degree does not com- that office to the Board for its consideration. The require- mand automatic certification, in the sense that degrees are ments are those expressed in the application form. Only incomplete measures of knowledge and of other attributes those individuals with the necessary qualifications and dedi- for certification. Applicants may expect a written examina- cation to the ideals of the program will be approved, for certi- tion on various aspects of science and the profession of fication is meaningless of purpose if granted to all who attain meteorology. membership in the Society. Certification is applicable to in- Experience. The mature judgment and unostentatious self- dividuals only and not to organizations. confidence that come from successful experience in applying The procedures followed by the CCM Board are as knowledge to a useful end are recognized as requirements for follows: maintaining proper stature in time honored professions. It applies here. 1) An application form, with the appropriate nonrefund- Qualification on basis of experience requires a minimum of able fee, is submitted to the American Meteorological five years of work at the professional level. Substitution of a Society. The AMS, while retaining a copy of the post-graduate degree below the doctorate is permitted for one year of experience, and substitution of the doctorate de- gree in meteorology for up to two years is allowable. The na- 2 The current composition of the Board is: George E. McVehil, ture of the work experience is an aspect considered. Boulder, Colo., Chairman; William H. Haggard, Climatological Consulting Corporation, Asheville, N.C.; Walter A. Lyons, R*Scan Character. The character of the consultant must be of the Corporation, Minneapolis, Minn.; Dennis C. Perryman, Ocean- finest and be manifest in devotion to the highest professional routes, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.; David B. Smith, Chas. T. Main, Inc., ideals. Relations with fellow meteorologists, and with clients Boston, Mass.

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application, sends the original to the Chairman of the 5) Board members send the scores awarded the written CCM Board. Headquarters staff requests letters of exam and technical paper to the Chairman who de- reference from the three names given by the applicant, termines the average score given on both the exam one of whom will preferably be a CCM and one of and the report. He then combines these scores giving whom will preferably be a former employer. The twice as much weight to the written exam as to the Chairman sends a letter of acknowledgment to the technical report; that is, combined SCOreS S — (2tS'(exam) applicant and explains to him or her that a written + S(paper))/3. A combined score below 60 is deemed a examination will be assigned when all transcipts and failure and there will be no oral review conducted for letters of reference have been received. The Chair- that applicant. The failed applicant's identity will re- man, at his discretion, may also request additional main confidential and the Commissioner on Profes- letters of reference. As additional materials such as sional Affairs will be advised prior to the Chairman transcripts or letters of reference are received at AMS notifying the applicant. headquarters, staff will send all these materials (with Following successful completion of the written ex- four copies) to the Chairman on the first of each amination, the Chairman forwards the following to calendar month. It is then the Chairman's responsi- each member who shall vote on the candidate's bility to follow up on missing items. Any unfavorable application: letters are immediately sent to AMS counsel for a) composite score on the examination and paper, review. together with the identity of the candidate; 2) The Chairman reviews and screens the application to b) copies of the application; ensure that the basic qualifications have been met. He c) all favorable letters of reference; then assigns a written examination. This usually con- d) all favorable comments from any source; sists of several standard questions intended to test the e) all negative letters or comments previously ap- applicant's general meteorological background and proved by AMS counsel (those not sent to the several questions intended to probe more deeply his Board Members will be retained in the permanent or her own area of specialty or expertise. AMS files); In order to improve the inventory of question and f) any other documents deemed relevant by the answer sets, highly qualified applicants (usually those Chairman. who hold a Ph.D.) are asked to revise sets of questions previously submitted or to develop new ones. 6) Board members then make recommendations with re- A report, or published paper, representing the ap- spect to oral reviews for each applicant based upon all plicant's professional work is always required as part the materials at hand, namely the academic records, of the written assignment. This paper cannot be one work experience, composite scores, and letters of ref- which has been submitted for academic degree re- erence. If the applicant has been responsive to the in- quirements. Additionally, applicants may be asked to structions from the Chairman and has done a credit- prepare a short paper or essay on the CCM Program able job on his or her written assignment, and his or which may be considered for publication in the BUL- her written examination is consistent with his or her LETIN OF THE AMS. Such essays, however, are volun- transcipts and letters of reference, the Board normally tary and are not graded formally. recommends that he or she meet with a "Regional A period of 90 days is normally suggested as suffi- Panel" for an oral examination. If, on the other hand, cient to complete the written part of the examination. one or more Board members find cause for concern in In practice, one or more time extensions may be given the written materials they can request a "Board if an applicant has a need to request extra time. Members Only" oral review. The purpose of the 3) On receipt of the completed written assignment, the Board Members review is to provide a more thorough Chairman removes from it any direct information evaluation of the applicant in question by the Board which would identify the candidate. The exam and as a whole. paper (and essay when requested) are then sent to all The Chairman makes a final determination as to the members of the Board without comment or other type of oral review, based upon the Board's recom- documentation. They are identified only by number. mendations and all other materials in hand. All appli- 4) Board members are instructed to assign a numerical cants must undergo an oral examination. score to each answer based upon their evaluation of A Regional Panel consists of at least one current or the knowledge and methodology demonstrated by the recent (within the past three years) Board member candidate. Board members then determine an overall and at least two other Certified Consulting Meteo- score in the range of 0 to 100 for the written rologists. A Board Members Only Examining Panel examination. consists of the Chairman and at least two other CCM The technical paper or report is similarly graded Board members. and given a numerical score between 0 and 100. 7) Scheduling of oral examinations is sometimes a signifi- Papers are evaluated on the basis of the following cant delay in the certification process. Regional Panel criteria: identification of the (client's or research) exams are given at the mutual convenience of the ap- problem, writing skill demonstrated, technical plicant and the Board member who chairs the panel. knowledge demonstrated, and objectivity and clarity The Board as a whole normally meets each year at the of the writer's conclusion or recommendation. annual meeting of the AMS and on one other occa-

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sion. At these meetings, oral reviews as well as other of appropriate fees every year, provided the applicant Board business are conducted. certifies that: All applicants are advised in advance of the names a) he or she has been actively engaged in the atmos- of the members of the Board or Panel who will admin- pheric, hydrospheric or related sciences for at least ister the oral exam. Any applicant may request that three of the preceding five years; any member disqualify him or herself from the Panel b) he or she has been a full member of the AMS in for reasons of conflict of interest. The Chairman of good standing for the past five years. the Board, however, reserves the final decision on all such requests. Following the Chairman's review and approval, the All oral reviews consist of a discussion of the appli- AMS notifies the applicant. cant's written examination materials, his or her tech- nical report and any other topics deemed appropriate by the Panel. They always include discussion of hypo- thetical situations that arise in consulting activities. Following each Board review or circulation of a Fees brief report from a Regional Panel, the Board votes on its recommendation for each candidate. The ballot The application fee for certification for members is $150, and contains a statement that, "To the best of his knowl- for nonmembers $360, which includes $60 for the BULLETIN edge, the voting Board member has no conflict of in- OF THE AMS. terest with this applicant." Results of the Board's vote are communicated to the Commissioner on Profes- sional Affairs. 8) With the Commissioner's concurrence, names of ap- plicants for whom the Board recommends certifica- Renewal tion are published in the BULLETIN OF THE AMS. In the usual case when no comments are received within Certification is for a period of one year, and can be renewed 60 days after publication, the applicant is notified by annually for a fee of $20. Renewals are billed by AMS in con- the AMS that he or she has been certified and is sent junction with annual membership and subscription notices. his or her certificate. If an individual has been inactive in atmospheric, hydro- Upon receipt of any negative comments following spheric, or related sciences for three or more years, or fails to publication of a name, the Chairman will refer them renew certification by the expiration date, complete reappli- to the Commissioner on Professional Affairs and to cation for certification may be necessary. AMS counsel for review. Counsel can then approve distribution of these comments to the Board as a whole for further consideration. The Board can either reaffirm its earlier recommendation to certify or can initiate an investigation as to the validity of the com- Disciplinary action ments and then reconsider its recommendation. The ultimate findings are then communicated to the When it is brought to the attention of the Board in Commissioner on Professional Affairs. due processes in the Society that an individual holding 9) The master file on each applicant, upon completion of this designation has demonstrated incompetence or has the Board's actions, is returned to the AMS for reten- violated the rules of sound ethics, the certificate may be tion and all other copies are destroyed. withdrawn and notice of such withdrawal shall be made 10) All unsuccessful candidates are allowed to reapply for in the BULLETIN of the Society. Before such action, certification two years from the date of denial of their however, the designee shall have an opportunity to ap- application. Applicants not approved by the Board pear before the Board in proper defense. When certifi- may appeal in writing within 90 days from the day the cation is withdrawn, the certificate shall be returned to denial is issued to the Executive Committee, which the Society. may use a hearing officer or board in coming to its On questions of ethics, the Board is free to consult final decision. with the Society's Board of Ethics, but it shall not be 11) Upon receipt of an application for renewal of certifi- bound by the action of that Board, except that if the cation, the AMS sends the application to the Chair- Council approves a recommendation by the Board of man of the CCM Board for review. All CCM certifi- Ethics for withdrawal of Society membership from an cates shall be renewed upon application and payment individual, the certificate shall also be revoked.

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Certified Consulting Meteorologists

1 May 1957 54 Erwin K. Kauper Mar. 1966 2 June 1957 55 Mark J. Schroeder Mar. 1966 3 July 1957 56 Louis J. Battan Mar. 1966 4 Jan. 1958 57 Howard H. Hanks * Mar. 1966 5 Aug. 1958 58 Kenneth C. Spengler Mar. 1966 6 Aug. 1958 59 John E. Pearson ** July 1966 7 Sept. 1959 60 Albert Miller • July 1966 8 Sept. 1959 61 George F. Collins Nov. 1966 9 Sept. 1959 62 James B. Harrington, Jr. Nov. 1966 10 Sept. 1959 63 Robert M. White July 1967 11 Sept. 1959 64 Manuel E. Lopez July 1967 12 Jan. 1960 65 Leonard W. Snellman July 1967 13 Jan. 1960 66 John D. Ploetz** July 1967 14 Jan. 1960 67 Oskar M. Essenwanger July 1967 15 Jan. 1960 68 John T. Carr, Jr. July 1967 16 Jan. 1960 69 Richard M. Thuillier July 1967 17 Jan. 1960 70 Charles K. Stidd July 1967 18 Jan. 1960 71 Leo Alpert July 1967 19 Jan. 1960 72 Leslie F. Conover** July 1967 20 Jan. 1960 73 Earl G. Droessler July 1967 21 Jan. 1960 74 Clyde D. Martin Nov. 1967 22 Jan. 1960 75 Robert G. Read Nov. 1967 23 Aug. 1960 76 C. Eugene Buell* Aug. 1968 24 Aug. 1960 77 Arlo W. Gambell, Jr. Aug. 1968 25 Aug. 1960 78 Edward M. Brooks Aug. 1968 26 Aug. 1960 79 Robert E. Bailey Sept. 1968 27 Aug. 1960 80 William W. Vaughan Sept. 1968 28 Oct. 1960 81 Harold L. Crutcher June 1969 29 Oct. 1960 82 Einar L. Hovind June 1969 30 Oct. 1960 83 John T. Walser June 1969 31 Oct. 1960 84 Donald H. Pack June 1969 32 Oct. 1960 85 Norman L. Peterson** June 1969 33 Oct. 1960 86 John K. Allison Aug. 1969 34 June 1961 87 John C. Freeman Sept. 1969 35 June 1961 88 Archie M. Kahan Oct. 1969 36 Aug. 1961 89 Walter A. Bohan Dec. 1969 37 Aug. 1961 90 Ralph Papania, Jr. Dec. 1969 38 Nov. 1961 91 Hugh W. Church Dec. 1969 39 Feb. 1962 92 R. Robert Rapp Jan. 1970 40 Feb. 1962 93 William P. Lowry Jan. 1970 41 Jan. 1963 94 Edward J. Tschupp Jan. 1970 42 July 1963 95 Charlotte J. Hopper Jan. 1970 43 July 1963 96 Albert V. Duffield Mar. 1970 44 Jan. 1964 97 John P. Murphy Mar. 1970 45 Aug. 1964 98 Arthur Hilsenrod July 1971 46 Aug. 1964 99 John H. Aldrich July 1971 47 Aug. 1964 100 David J. Stowell July 1971 48 Oct. 1964 101 W. Boynton Beckwith July 1971 49 Dec. 1964 102 Donald P. Mclntyre** Oct. 1971 50 July 1965 103 August H. Auer, Jr. Oct. 1971 51 July 1965 104 Albert K. Showalter Jan. 1972 52 Mar. 1966 105 D. Ray Booker July 1972 53 Mar. 1966 106 Joseph L. Goldman July 1972 107 Banner I. Miller * July 1972 108 George E. McVehil July 1972 • 109 Ronald L. Godbey Nov. 1972 110 James H. Meyer Feb. 1973

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Ill Alan I. Weinstein Feb. 1973 167 David Atlas June 1977 112 Norman E. Bowne Feb. 1973 168 William H. Klein Aug. 1977 113 James D. McQuigg Feb. 1973 169 Herbert D. Entrekin Aug. 1977 114 William B. Moreland Apr. 1973 170 Albert D. Anderson Dec. 1977 115 Harold P. Gerrish Aug. 1973 171 R. Cecil Gentry Dec. 1977 116 Alfred K. Blackadar Aug. 1973 172 John A. Ernst Dec. 1977 117 Edward S. Epstein Aug. 1973 174 Charles W. Tibbitts Mar. 1978 118 Eugene M. Wilkins Aug. 1973 175 Dennis A. Trout Mar. 1978 119 Richard J. Reed Dec. 1973 176 Roger A. Pielke Mar. 1978 120 Oscar Tenenbaum Dec. 1973 177 Thomas A. Hales* July 1978 121 Bernard H. DeWitt Jan. 1974 178 Robert G. Fleagle July 1978 122 David B. Spiegler Jan. 1974 179 Thomas J. Lockhart July 1978 123 Max W. Edelstein Jan. 1974 180 Edwin X Berry July 1978 124 Vincent J. Valli** Jan. 1974 181 Kenneth R. Hardy July 1978 125 William K. Widger, Jr.* Jan. 1974 182 Elmer Robinson July 1978 126 Sydney J. Buckler** Aug. 1974 183 Edward E. Hindman II July 1978 127 Robert T. Small Aug. 1974 184 Amiram Roffman July 1978 128 Robert W. Schloemer Aug. 1974 185 Newton A. Lieurance July 1978 129 George W. Nicholas Oct. 1974 186 Dennis G. Baker Nov. 1978 130 William T. Kreiss Oct. 1974 187 C. David Whiteman Nov. 1978 131 Don S. Packnett Oct. 1974 188 Dean A. Wilson Nov. 1978 132 Armand R. Iaccheo Nov. 1974 189 Robert K. Crane Nov. 1978 133 Allen H. Weber Dec. 1974 190 Patrick J. Harney Jan. 1979 134 David B. Smith Dec. 1974 191 Marshall A. Atwater Jan. 1979 135 Thomas H. R. O'Neill Dec. 1974 192 Austin W. Hogan Jan. 1979 136 John W. Wilson Dec. 1974 193 Volker A. Mohnen Jan. 1979 W. Alan Bowman Dec. 1974 137 194 Carl W. Kreitzberg Apr. 1979 138 Eugene A. Carter Dec. 1974 195 Jawad S. Touma Apr. 1979 139 Joanne Simpson Dec. 1974 196 Bruce A. Egan Apr. 1979 140 Sidney Teweles Dec. 1974 197 Robert D. Boudreau Apr. 1979 141 H. Dean Parry Dec. 1974 198 Walter D. Bach, Jr. Apr. 1979 142 Robert H. Simpson June 1975 199 Paul L. Moore Apr. 1979 143 John G. Cronin Aug. 1975 200 James A. Shear* Apr. 1979 144 George W. Reynolds Aug. 1975 201 Merlin W. Zook Apr. 1979 145 Rue E. Rush Aug. 1975 202 Theodore F. Fathauer Apr. 1979 146 Sergio Serra Castelan Aug. 1975 203 Ronald T. H. Collis May 1979 James D. Kangos * Aug. 1975 147 204 Arthur N. Hull June 1979 148 Gerald L. Barger* Aug. 1975 205 Mitchell Wurmbrand June 1979 149 Jack F. Paris Aug. 1975 206 Conrad J. Mason June 1979 150 William H. Haggard Aug. 1975 207 A. Roger Greenway June 1979 151 Jerry D. Hill Aug. 1975 208 Phillip D. Thomas June 1979 152 Gale F. Hoffnagle 1976 July 209 Chin-Hua Huang June 1979 153 Raymond J. Deland 1976 July 210 John W. Hathorn III June 1979 154 Dennis C. Perryman 1976 July 211 Aaron L. Zimmerman June 1979 155 Valentine J. Descamps 1976 July 212 Jiin-Lang Lee June 1979 156 Charles L. Bristor 1976 July 213 Leonard G. Pardue June 1979 Richard K. Dumbauld Sept. 1976 157 214 George D. Greenly, Jr. June 1979 158 William C. Thompson Sept. 1976 215 Karl F. Zeller June 1979 159 Tsann-wang Yu Sept. 1976 216 John T. Prohaska June 1979 160 Dharmbir Rai Sept. 1976 217 Yean Lee June 1979 161 John P. Bradley Sept. 1976 218 Frank V. Melewicz June 1979 Robert O. Weedfall May 1977 162 219 Robert L. Carnahan June 1979 163 Walter A. Lyons June 1977 220 Steven R. Marks June 1979 164 Sepp J. Froeschl June 1977 221 Robert S Dischel June 1979 165 Joseph Laznow June 1977 222 John D. Spengler June 1979 166 Fredric J. Mogolesko June 1977 223 Don H. Lucas June 1979 224 Shih-Ang Hsu June 1979 • Deceased. 225 Joseph M. Sorge June 1979 •• Inactive. 226 David R. Maxwell June 1979

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227 Jerry Pell July 1979 284 Gerald W. Grams Feb. 1981 228 Timothy C. Spangler July 1979 285 Douglas J. Fulle Feb. 1981 229 Roland List Sept. 1979 286 Paul D. Gutfreund Feb. 1981 230 Robert C. Beebe Sept. 1979 287 John E. Pinkerton Mar. 1981 231 Thomas J. Keegan Sept. 1979 288 Arnold A. Barnes, Jr. Mar. 1981 232 William W. Hildreth, Jr. Sept. 1979 289 Juanito M. Ramirez Mar. 1981 233 Louis A. Hembree, Jr. Sept. 1979 290 William J. B. Pringle Mar. 1981 234 Colin K. Guptill Sept. 1979 291 Paul M. Fransioli Mar. 1981 235 Alvin L. Morris Sept. 1979 292 Duane R. Goodman Mar. 1981 236 Eugene C. Grueber Sept. 1979 293 Donald T. Jensen May 1981 237 Richard R. Boyd Sept. 1979 294 Joseph T. Schaefer May 1981 238 Michael Blatt Sept. 1979 295 Harvey M. Freese July 1981 239 Gene L. Wooldridge Sept. 1979 296 J. Spenser Huston July 1981 240 Lloyd L. Schulman Sept. 1979 297 Keith W. Johnson July 1981 241 Silvio G. Simplicio Sept. 1979 298 Robert S. Ingram July 1981 242 John H. Humphrey Sept. 1979 299 Joseph A. Catalano July 1981 243 William E. Reifsnyder Sept. 1979 300 George G. McComb, Jr. July 1981 244 K. W. Ruggles Sept. 1979 301 Fred Doehring July 1981 245 Richard H. Dunk Sept. 1979 302 Perry J. Samson July 1981 303 Michael E. Guski July 1981 246 Thomas J. Henderson Sept. 1979 304 John R. Martin July 1981 247 William D. Ohmstede Sept. 1979 305 George H. Taylor July 1981 248 Arnett S. Dennis Sept. 1979 306 Henry A. Chary July 1981 249 Lyle E. Brosch£ Sept. 1979 307 Perry W. Fisher July 1981 250 Vance A. Myers Oct. 1979 308 Russell C. Schnell July 1981 251 Keith J. Brown Nov. 1979 309 Robert F. Abbey, Jr. July 1981 252 George N. Brancato Dec. 1979 310 Arthur Bass Dec. 1981 253 Chester W. Newton Dec. 1979 311 Lowell Krawitz Jan. 1982 254 James I. Metcalf Mar. 1980 312 Ralph E. Huschke Jan. 1982 255 Richard B. Wilkens III Mar. 1980 313 Glenn D. Hamilton Jan. 1982 256 David A. Sullivan Apr. 1980 314 William R. Goodin Apr. 1982 Loren D. Nelson 257 Apr. 1980 315 Richard J. Mancini Apr. 1982 258 J. David Martsolf May 1980 316 Richard J. Boyle Apr. 1982 259 Romeo R. Sabatini May 1980 317 Jack M. Mercer Apr. 1982 260 John H. Snooks May 1980 318 Roger Caiazza Apr. 1982 261 Richard A. Rothstein May 1980 319 Subramaniam SethuRaman July 1982 262 Edmund Bromley, Jr. May 1980 320 James C. Clary, Jr. July 1982 263 Michael W. Chan July 1980 321 Steven A. Root July 1982 264 Donald Ballanti July 1980 322 Arthur Blackham July 1982 265 H. Robert Swart July 1980 323 Patrick T. Brennan July 1982 266 Eugene L. Peck July 1980 324 Philip G. Stickel July 1982 267 Stanley J. Krivo July 1980 325 Hua Wang July 1982 268 Ross J. Dixon, Jr. July 1980 326 Clifton R. Bittle July 1982 269 Jerry A. Williams July 1980 327 Harry F. Hawkins Aug. 1982 270 John F. Henz Aug. 1980 328 Marvin A. Wolf Sept. 1982 271 Leon F. Graves Aug. 1980 329 Michael Garstang Sept. 1982 272 Kenneth B. McCool Aug. 1980 330 Barry A. Richwien Sept. 1982 273 James F. Yohn Aug. 1980 331 Ronald A. Schwiesow Sept. 1982 274 Roger A. Nelson Aug. 1980 332 Alexander W. Bealer Oct. 1982 275 S. T. Rao Sept. 1980 333 Phillip L. Youngblood Oct. 1982 276 David C. Guzewich Sept. 1980 334 Bertrand D. Tanner Jan. 1983 277 Daniel J. McNaughton Sept. 1980 335 Robert L. Peace, Jr. Jan. 1983 278 Kenneth J. Skipka Sept. 1980 336 Robert J. Paine Jan. 1983 279 Charles E. Kitson Nov. 1980 337 Anthony A. Rockwood Apr. 1983 280 Francis E. Courtney, Jr. Nov. 1980 338 Curtis L. Hartzell Apr. 1983 281 Allan H. Murphy Nov. 1980 339 Gilles C. Castonguay June 1983 282 Russell W. Shaffer Nov. 1980 340 Elliot Abrams June 1983 283 Rodger G. Steen Nov. 1980 341 Jerry F. Korrell June 1983 342 George C. Howroyd June 1983 # Deceased. 343 G. Raymond Brown III June 1983 Inactive. 344 John L. Keller June 1983

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345 Donald F. Schukraft July 1983 359 Eugene S. Takle Feb. 1984 346 Ronald L. Baskett July 1983 360 Laurence A. Labrie May 1984 347 Ramesh V. Godbole July 1983 361 Steven R. Hanna May 1984 348 Mark V. Carney July 1983 362 Donald L. Shearer May 1984 349 Peter J. Robinson July 1983 363 William L. Woodley May 1984 350 Michael H. Merry Aug. 1983 364 William E. Eggert May 1984 351 Fred J. Starheim Nov. 1983 365 Kenneth J. Schaudt May 1984 352 Edward P. Lozowski Nov. 1983 366 Gerald C. MacDonald June 1984 353 Leonard Levin Nov. 1983 367 Paul E. Sherr June 1984 354 Geoffrey E. Hill Nov. 1983 368 Michael R. Smith June 1984 355 Ping K. Wan Nov. 1983 369 Dennis J. Hlinka June 1984 356 James W. Little Nov. 1983 370 Alan M. Trbovich June 1984 357 Walter E. Hoehne Nov. 1983 371 Robert G. Fisher June 1984 358 Robert G. Allen Feb. 1984

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