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2019 Fact Sheets Products of New York State Mines

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2019 Fact Sheets Products of New York State Mines New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Mineral Resources 625 Broadway Albany, New York 12233-6500 www.dec.ny.gov New York State Oil, Gas and Mineral Resources, 2019 Table of Contents Bluestone Fact Sheet ................................................................................ 2 NYS Location Map of Active Bluestone Mines .......................................... 3 Garnet Fact Sheet ..................................................................................... 4 NYS Location Map of Active Garnet Mines ............................................... 5 Granite Fact Sheet .................................................................................... 6 NYS Location Map of Active Granite Mines .............................................. 7 Limestone/Dolostone Fact Sheet ............................................................. 8 NYS Location Map of Active Limestone/Dolostone Mines ........................ 9 Peat Fact Sheet ....................................................................................... 10 NYS Location Map of Active Peat Mines ................................................. 11 Salt Fact Sheet ........................................................................................ 12 NYS Location Map of Active Salt Mines .................................................. 13 Sand & Gravel Fact Sheet ...................................................................... 14 NYS Location Map of Active Sand & Gravel Mines ................................. 15 Sandstone Fact Sheet ............................................................................. 16 NYS Location Map of Active Sandstone Mines ....................................... 17 Wollastonite Fact Sheet .......................................................................... 18 NYS Location Map of Active Wollastonite Mines .................................... 19 Zinc Fact Sheet......................................................................................... 20 NYS Location Map of Active Zinc Mines ................................................. 21 Remember: If it can’t be grown, it has to be mined! NYSDEC Division of Mineral Resources 1 Thirty-Sixth Annual Report NEW YORK STATE OIL GAS AND MINERAL RESOURCES | 2019 2 BLUESTONE MINES IN NEW YORK Properties Composition: Feldspathic greywacke (quartz, feldspar, mica, iron) Color: Varies (blue, bluish-gray, green, red, purple, brown, green, etc.) Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale Structure: Layered View of a bluestone mine in New York State. Bluestone this low-lying, shallow sea Bluestone is a specific type of evenly layered sandstone that can be split environment, much of the material in Using a hand chisel to split the rock into the rock originated from erosion of into thin, smooth slabs. The term landscaping and building material. “bluestone” was coined back in the the former Acadian Mountains, which FAST FACTS mid-1800s when the majority of the were located in what is now the modern-day mountain ranges of the stone appeared blue or bluish-gray. Northeast. Bluestone can be found in many colors including Despite the name, bluestone can bluish-gray, green, red, purple, pink, and brown. also be found in a range of colors In the U.S., bluestone is only commercially- including shades of green, brown, Exploring for bluestone is more produced in south-central New York and northeast purple, dusty gray, pink, or red. New Pennsylvania. difficult than for many types of rock York and Pennsylvania are the only where a few well-placed core holes The term “bluestone” refers to a type of sandstone sources of commercially-produced that is easily split into thin slabs. will yield useful information. High bluestone in the United States. It is quality bluestone deposits tend to be Bluestone is very durable, naturally skid-resistant, very durable, maintains its color, and maintains its color, and can withstand fluctuations limited in extent and discontinuous in in temperature and pressure without cracking. is resistant to cracking under nature, so it is not always cost- atmospheric changes, such as effective to use core holes to locate WHAT IS IT USED FOR? temperature and pressure new deposits. In addition, bluestone Bluestone is primarily used as an fluctuations. Bluestone mining in mining typically involves architectural/decorative stone in sidewalks, New York State began in Ulster removing eight times more patios, building veneer, stair treads, th countertops, etc. Notable structures that County in the mid-19 century and it overburden (overlying utilize bluestone in their construction: has been mined ever since for use in material) than the quantity * Fenimore Art Museum – Cooperstown, NY sidewalks, building veneer, stair of useable bluestone. treads and other construction * NY logo at Yankee Stadium – Bronx, NY * Cornell University – Ithaca, NY applications. * Princeton University – Princeton, NJ In 2019, there were 96 * Bellevue Hospital – New York, NY permitted bluestone * Bethel Center for the Arts – Bethel, NY New York’s bluestone was deposited mines in New York, * Opus 40 – Saugerties, NY during a time when an ancient sea with the majority located in Delaware * Grant’s Tomb Restoration – New York, NY covered the majority of present-day and Broome Counties. Bluestone * Starrucca Viaduct (a National Civil New York. Streams transported the Engineering Landmark) – Lanesboro, PA mining is, by nature, a relatively * The White House Rose Garden terrace – sand-size grains that make up the small-scale operation (approximately Washington D.C. stone and deposited them in a 52% are less than 10 acres). * Sidewalks and curbing throughout NYC shallow sea/deltaic environment, and many other metropolitan areas. known as the Catskill Delta. Even though the bluestone was formed in NEW YORK STATE OIL, GAS AND MINERAL RESOURCES I 2019 Bluestone Mines *# *# *# *# *# *#*# *# *# *# *#*#*#*# *#*#*# *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# *#*# #*#**#*#*#*##*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# *#*#*#*# # **#*#* *# *#*#*# *# * *# *#*# *# *# Mine Location Major Water Body Major Road NEW YORK STATE OIL GAS AND MINERAL RESOURCES | 2019 4 GARNET MINES IN NEW YORK Properties Composition: Iron aluminum silicate Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 or (Fe, Mg, Mn)3Al2(SiO4)3 Color: Dark red, reddish-brown, black Hardness: 7 – 7.5 on Mohs scale Structure: Dodecahedral (12-sided) View of a garnet mine in New York State with piles of garnet separated from the source rock. Garnet As a member of the silicates group, Mountain Mine was the largest garnet is actually a generalized term garnet mine…IN THE WORLD! for a group having similar properties NYCO Minerals in Essex County and but varying chemical compositions. R.T. Vanderbilt in Lewis County also The garnets mined in New York are produce garnets in small amounts at almandine garnets, the most their wollastonite mines. Closer view of a large garnet and some of the common type, which are an iron processed grade sizes for use in abrasives. aluminum silicate, and pyrope which The garnet crystals found in the FAST FACTS are a magnesium aluminum silicate. Gore/Ruby Mountain Mines are Garnets can be found in a multitude unique and highly-valued for their of colors due to their differing NY garnets are primarily red to very dark red but abrasive properties. These garnets can also be found as purple, green, orange, yellow, chemical makeup, however, they are always break with a chiseled edge, and brown. In fact, garnet varieties can be found most commonly associated with a throughout the world in every color except blue! even at the smallest sizes, which deep red color. Garnet is New York gives them a “self-sharpening” trait Garnet is the official New York State Gem. State’s official gem, even though the that is ideal for use as an abrasive. majority of garnets found here have NY garnet mines are among the top producers in the country with products sold worldwide. too many imperfections for use in Garnets are primarily used as NY garnets always break with a sharp edge even at jewelry and are better suited for abrasives and cutting media (sand- the smallest sizes, making them an ideal abrasive! industrial purposes. paper, waterjet blasting/ cutting) in Garnet products have an advantage over similar products because they are non-toxic, non-reactive, many industries including: and reusable/recyclable. They also produce less Garnets have been mined in the woodworking, ceramic/glass, dust than other abrasive materials. Adirondack Mountains of New York petroleum, electronic WHAT IS IT USED FOR? since 1878 by the Barton Mines component manufacturing, Corporation, which is the first aircraft/shipbuilder/ * Sandpaper and sand blasting industrial garnet mining operation in automotive, etc. It’s even * Waterjet abrasives and cutting the world, as well as the oldest * Polishing television/computer screens and used for cutting armor other high quality glass; such as the glass continuous garnet mining operation plating on military sights on American aircraft during WWII, the in the world (second oldest in the windows on the space shuttle, and the Humvees! It is also Hubble telescope lenses! U.S. mining the same product used as a paint additive * Water filtration media throughout its history and still under for non-skid surfaces, water filtration * A non-skid additive for paint the same management). Prior to media, countertops, tile, and * Removing peanut hulls Barton moving its active mining landscape boulders. * Eyeglasses and dental grinding wheels operations to
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