The Salvation Army International Heritage Centre Subject Guide Women in Ministry
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THE SALVATION ARMY INTERNATIONAL HERITAGE CENTRE SUBJECT GUIDE WOMEN IN MINISTRY This guide offers an overview of the archives and published sources available relating to women in ministry within The Salvation Army. The overview covers material held at The Salvation Army International Heritage Centre and other institutions. You can find descriptions of a large number of records in our online catalogue. Background Through the efforts of Catherine Booth (née Mumford), The Salvation Army, and the Christian Mission before it, have had gender equality enshrined within their constitution since 1870. Catherine was brought up in a Methodist household and was particularly inspired by women in Methodist ministry such as Hester Rogers, Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, and Phoebe Palmer, whose ministry Catherine defended in her pamphlet ‘Female Teaching’. She strongly believed that women and men share equally the right to preach the word of God and the message of Jesus. When Catherine and her husband, William Booth, founded the Christian Mission, Catherine’s influence ensured that its first constitution included a clause stating that ‘female preachers’ were eligible to hold any office. From this point onwards, women have always been eligible to hold the same administrative and ministerial positions as men within The Salvation Army. In demonstration of this, The Salvation Army has had three female Generals (worldwide leaders): Evangeline Booth, 1934-1939; Eva Burrows 1986-1993; and Linda Bond 2011-2013. However, despite official policy, issues surrounding the status of female officers have continually surfaced, especially with regard to the position of married women officers. As well as personal papers collections providing individual insights into women’s ministry within The Salvation Army, our collections include official guidance to officers regarding issues associated with women in ministry from the Victorian period through to the present day. This guide will provide some references to women officers’ involvement in The Salvation Army’s social services but does not specifically focus on the role of Salvationist women in this sector of the organization. 1 WHAT MATERIAL DO WE HAVE? ARCHIVES Christian Mission Papers of the Christian Mission The minutes from the first Christian Mission Conference, 1870 [CM/1] and the ‘Doctrines and Rules of the Christian Mission’, c1870 [CM/3/2]; both include a section entitled 'Female Preachers' (section XII) that explicitly lays out the rights of female ministers within The Salvation Army. Christian Mission Foundation Deed, 1875-1878 [CM/3/7] This deed provides legal backing to the Doctrines and Rules of the Christian Mission, as created November 1870, including the statement regarding the position of ‘Female Preachers’. ARCHIVES International Headquarters departments Legal Department These papers contain copies of the Christian Mission and Salvation Army Foundation Deeds and Acts, 1875-1904 [LD/2/1] and The Salvation Army’s constitution, 1969-1996 [LD/6], which provide legal backing for the rules and doctrines of The Salvation Army including statements regarding the position of ‘Female Preachers’. General’s Office Papers of General Evangeline Booth, 1934-1939 [GEN/2] Papers of General Eva Burrows, 1986-1993 [GEN/11] Papers of General Linda Bond, 2011-2013 [GEN/17] Chief of the Staff’s Office Report and correspondence on 'The Life and Work of the Women in the Church', 1947 [COS/1/2/9] Administration Department The proceedings of Commissioners’ and International Leaders’ conferences [AD/5/1] sometimes contain addresses on aspects of women’s officership, such as: Paper on women leaders in The Salvation Army, read at the Commissioners’ Conference, May 1944 [AD/5/1/2] Office of the World President for Women's Ministries This collection holds the records of the Office of the World President for Women's Ministries, a post usually held by the wife of the General of The Salvation Army, and of her assistant, the World Secretary for Women's Ministries, 1946-1997. In the event of the General being a woman, she holds both roles jointly. [WWM] 2 Zonal Departments The proceedings of Zonal Conferences regularly contain addresses on aspects of women’s officership. These proceedings can be found in the records of the five International Headquarters Zonal Departments: Americas and Caribbean [ACZ/1/1/1]; Africa [AFZ/3]; Europe [EUZ/1/3]; South Pacific and East Asia [PEZ/1/7]; and South Asia [SAZ/5/2]. ARCHIVES Booth family papers The Heritage Centre holds personal papers collections for the four of William and Catherine Booth’s daughters who held senior leadership roles within The Salvation Army, as well as collections for other female descendants of the Booths. Catherine Booth [née Mumford] (1829-1890) collection [PCB] Catherine Booth advocated the rights of women to preach the gospel and serve as ministers alongside men. She instigated gender equality in The Salvation Army. These papers contain correspondence, writings and addresses, personal effects, posthumous papers, prints and drawings. Florence Eleanor Booth [née Soper] (1861-1957) collection [FEB] Florence Booth joined The Salvation Army as a young woman in the face of opposition from her family. She helped to pioneer Salvation Army work in France, married the eldest son of William and Catherine Booth and went on to lead Women’s Social Work for almost 30 years. Her papers provide some insight into these aspects of her career. Catherine Bramwell-Booth (1883-1987) collection [CBB] Catherine Bramwell-Booth was the eldest daughter of Florence Booth and among other appointments served as leader of Women's Social Services between 1926 and 1930. Her papers include her own correspondence and that of her mother and grandmother, as well as other material relating to their lives, work and achievements. Catherine Booth-Clibborn (1858-1955) collection [BC] Catherine Booth-Clibborn pioneered Salvationism in France and Switzerland at a young age and worked as a religious advocate either for The Salvation Army or independently for the rest of her life. The collection contains correspondence, newspaper articles, photographs and financial material relating to her life and work and that of her extended family. Emma Moss Booth-Tucker (1860-1903) & Minnie Booth-Tucker [née Reid] (1864-1934) [BT] Between 1880 and 1888 Consul Emma Booth-Tucker led female cadets at The Salvation Army’s Training Home. In 1884 she established the Cellar, Gutter and Garret Brigade - a team of women cadets, known as ‘slum sisters’, who lived amongst and supported families in London’s east end slums. Emma also served for a time in India with her husband, Frederick Booth-Tucker, whom she had married in 1888. The collection contains Emma Booth-Tucker’s correspondence, as well as papers relating to her career, wedding and death. The collection also contains the personal diary of Mrs-Commissioner Mary ‘Minnie’ Booth-Tucker who became Frederick’s third wife after Emma’s death in 1903. Catherine Motee Sladen [née Booth-Tucker] (1891-1975) collection [BTS] After attending the International Training College 1913-1914, Catherine served in a corps appointment at Redhill before marrying fellow officer, Hugh Sladen, and going on to serve in the UK, Finland and at International Headquarters. The collection contains personal correspondence, diaries and papers relating to her service as well as a copy of her autobiography. 3 Muriel Booth-Tucker (1903-1995) collection [MBT] Muriel was the youngest child of Frederick Booth-Tucker and his second wife, Emma Moss Booth-Tucker. She was commissioned as a Salvation Army officer in 1925 and served appointments as a single woman officer in Britain, India, Ireland and Belgium. The papers contain her own personal correspondence, papers and diaries but they also include many items she collected which document the life and work of other members of the Booth- Tucker family. Evangeline Booth (1865-1950) collection [EB] Evangeline Booth served in The Salvation Army’s Women’s Training Home, corps appointments and international leadership roles before becoming the first female General of The Salvation Army. The collection includes material relating to her life, career and publications. Lucy Booth-Hellberg (1868-1953) collection [BHG] Lucy Booth-Hellberg entered training in 1883 and went on to serve as a Salvation Army officer as a single officer, as a married woman and as a widow before retiring in 1934. The collection largely contains correspondence relating to the death of her husband, family affairs and financial matters. ARCHIVES Women officers’ personal papers The Heritage Centre holds personal papers collections of many female officers which shed light on various aspects of their experiences in ministry. The collections below are a representative selection of these collections. Many more can be found in our online catalogue. Mrs Major Ann Ashworth (fl 1983-1993) collection [AA] This collection comprises papers relating to 'officer-wives' including correspondence between Mrs Major Ann Ashworth and Major Mrs Miriam Frederiksen, proposals by Miriam Frederiksen re. 'The Dignity of Officership' for the 1984 International Conference of Leaders in Berlin, and an article by Ann Ashworth for the Danish 'Officer' magazine, 1983. Colonel Dorothy Dale Phillips (1910-2003) collection [DDP] Phillips served in the US field, the US Women's Social Services Department, the US Editorial Department, and the UK Second World War service. She also spent several years in Japan as Territorial Young People's Secretary