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ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS South Asian Studies 1 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS South Asian Studies 1 The Happening of Tradition Vallabha on Anumåna in Nyåyal¥låvat¥ Anna-Pya Sjödin Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Geijersalen (6-1023), Hus 6, Thunbergsv. 3H, Uppsala, Saturday, January 13, 2007 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Sjödin, A-P. 2006. The Happening of Tradition. Vallahaba on Anumåna in Nyåyal¥låvat¥. South Asian Studies 1. 197 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-6757-1. The present dissertation is a translation and analysis of the chapter on anumåna in Vallabha’s Nyåyal¥låvat¥, based on certain theoretical considerations on cross-cultural translation and the understanding of tradition. Adopting a non-essentialized and non-historicist conceptualization of the Nyåya-Vaißeika/Navya-nyåya tradition, the work focuses on a reading of the anumna chapter that is particularized and individualized. It further argues for a plurality of interpretative stances within the academic field of Nyåya-Vaißeika/Navya-nyåya studies, on the grounds that the dominant stance has narrowed the scope of research. With reference to post-colonial theory, this dominant stance is understood in terms of a certain strategy called “mimetic translation”. The study of the anumåna chapter consists of three main interpretational sections: translation, comments, and analysis. The translation and comments focus on understanding issues internal to the Nyåyal¥låvat¥. The analysis focuses on a contextual interpretation insofar as the text is understood through reading other texts within the Nyåya-Vaißeika/Navya-nyåya discourse. The analysis is further grounded in a concept of intertextuality in that it identifies themes, examples, and arguments appearing in other texts within the discourse. The analysis also identifies and discusses Cårvåka and M¥måsaka arguments within the anumåna chapter. Two important themes are discerned in the interpretation of the anumåna chapter: first, a differentiation between the apprehension of vyåpti and the warranting of this relation so as to make the apprehension suitable for a process of knowledge; second, that the sequential arrangement of the subject matter of the sections within the chapter, vyåptigraha, upådhi, tarka, and paråmarßa, reflects the process of coming to inferential knowledge. The present work is a contribution to the understanding of the post-Udayana and pre- Gageßa Nyåya-Vaißeika/Navya-nyåya discourse on inferential knowledge and it is written in the hope of provoking more research on that particular period and discourse in the history of Indian philosophies. Keywords: Logic--India--History, Vaißeika History, Nyåya History, Vaißeika--Early Works to 1800, Nyåya--Early Works to 1800, Philosophy--Indic, Vyåpti, Anumåna, Tarka, Upådhi, Paråmarßa, Nyåyal¥låvat¥, Vallabhåcårya 12th cent., H. Bhabha, D. Chakrabarty Anna-Pya Sjödin, Department of Linguistics and Philology, Box 635, Uppsala University, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden Anna-Pya Sjödin 2006 ISSN 1653-8129 ISBN 91-554-6757-1 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7417 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7417) Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab, Stockholm 2006 Ulf Sondell in memoriam Contents Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................11 Abbreviations....................................................................................................13 1. Introduction...................................................................................................15 1.1 Aim and scope of the study...................................................................15 1.2 Previous research...................................................................................16 1.3 Practical concerns..................................................................................17 1.3.1 Outline............................................................................................17 1.3.2 Chapter 2: preliminaries................................................................17 1.3.3 Chapters 3 & 4: text, translation and comments..........................18 1.3.3.1 Text and translation ...............................................................18 1.3.3.2 Translation of central terms ..................................................18 1.3.3.3 Comments ..............................................................................19 1.3.3.4 A note on numbering the text, translation, and comments..19 1.3.4 Chapter 5: text analysis .................................................................19 1.4 Theoretical concerns (postures)............................................................21 1.4.1 Translation as interpretation .........................................................21 1.4.2 Mimetic translation........................................................................22 1.4.3 Development or change: a discourse of tradition ........................27 2. Preliminaries .................................................................................................32 2.1 Vallabha and Nyåyal¥låvat¥...................................................................32 2.1.1 Vallabha .........................................................................................32 2.1.1.1 The date of Vallabha .............................................................33 2.1.1.2 The Placing of Vallabha........................................................37 2.1.2 Nyåyal¥låvat¥..................................................................................38 2.1.2.1 Editions of Nyåyal¥låvat¥.......................................................38 2.1.2.2 Commentaries ........................................................................39 2.1.2.3 Other texts by Vallabha.........................................................43 2.1.2.4 Character and structure of Nyåyal¥låvat¥..............................43 2.1.2.5 Nyåya, Vaißeika, Nyåya-Vaißeika, Navya-nyåya, and Nyåyayl¥låvat¥........................................................................45 2.1.2.6 Conceptions of the Nyåyal¥låvat¥ .........................................50 2.2 Introduction to anumåna in Nyåya-Vaißeika......................................51 2.2.1 Cognition and knowledge .............................................................52 2.2.2 Såmånya, jåti and vyakti: generalities and particulars ................55 2.2.3 Anumåna ........................................................................................56 2.2.3.1 Vyåpti .....................................................................................58 2.2.3.2 Vyåptigraha: grasping the invariable relation......................61 2.2.3.3 Paråmarßa and causality ........................................................62 2.2.4 Upådhi ............................................................................................64 2.2.5 Tarka...............................................................................................66 2.2.6 Concluding remarks on anumåna .................................................68 3. Sanskrit text ..................................................................................................70 3.1 A note on notation and the lack of manuscript references..................70 3.1.1 Abbreviations.................................................................................71 3.2 Transliterated text..................................................................................72 4. Translation and comments...........................................................................76 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................76 4.2 Anumåna ................................................................................................78 4.2.1 Translation .....................................................................................78 4.2.2 Comments ......................................................................................81 4.3 Vyåpti.....................................................................................................87 4.3.1 Translation .....................................................................................87 4.3.2 Comments ......................................................................................88 4.4 Tarka.......................................................................................................97 4.4.1 Translation .....................................................................................97 4.4.2 Comments ......................................................................................99 4.5 Paråmarßa.............................................................................................105 4.5.1 Translation ...................................................................................105 4.5.2 Comments ....................................................................................106 5. Text analysis ...............................................................................................109 5.1 Introduction..........................................................................................109 5.2 Anumåna ..............................................................................................109 5.2.1 Vyåptigraha within the tradition(s) ............................................109 5.2.2 Vallabha on vyåptigraha .............................................................114
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