5.2 OTAY MESA
The Otay Mesa POE Modernization project, covering improvements to both commercial and passenger port facilities, received approximately $21.3 million in funding in 2009. This funding was used for land acquisition and project design which reached the 60% completion mark before funding was exhausted. Congress has not yet approved the projected $120 million needed to fund the completion of the project, including final phases of design, Environmental Impact Statement, and construction.43
An intermodal transit center (ITC) is planned for a parcel southeast of Nicola Tesla Court. This ITC will feature bus stops for two planned BRT routes, the South Bay BRT connecting the Otay Mesa POE to Downtown San Diego via Chula Vista, and a route connecting the San Ysidro and Otay Mesa POEs. See Figure 5.5 below for the draft plan of this ITC.
A plan to expand and reorganize the commercial and passenger facilities on the Mexican side of the border has finished conceptual planning stages. Northbound and southbound vehicle lanes would increase, and a new southbound pedestrian pathway could be constructed.
A Mexican ITC at the Otay Mesa POE is also in the planning stages. This facility would provide a bus station and taxi staging and loading off of Boulevard Garita de Otay, a drop off/pick up area, a pedestrian bridge over Boulevard Garita de Otay, and information services. A BRT-type bus named “Route 2” is planned to connect the Mesa de Otay area (including the Mesa de Otay and Otay II POEs) with the southwest portion of Tijuana. These plans are dependent on the modernization of the US facility.44 See Figure 5.6 below for IMPlan’s preliminary plans for this facility from 2009.
Two new border crossing facilities are planned within two mile of the Otay Mesa POE. The first, Otay Mesa East Port of Entry, is planned approximately two miles east of the existing POE. New roads in both nations, including California State Route 11, a new toll highway, are proposed to connect to the new passenger and commercial port facility. Construction on Segment 1 of the US project began in December 2013. In Mexico, the Secretariat of Infrastructure and Urban Development of Baja California (SIDUE) estimates that the crossing on the southern side of the border will be complete in the year 2017.45 See Figure 5.7 below for a map of the Otay Mesa East POE location46.
The second border crossing facility under construction is a privately funded and operated pedestrian bridge linking the Tijuana International Airport with Otay Mesa. The project is entitled “Cross Border Xpress” and will be a pedestrian border crossing facility limited to toll-paying airline passengers. Construction on the project began in June 2014 and is expected to conclude in summer of 2015.
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 60 Figure 5.5 Otay Mesa Intermodal Transit Center Draft Plan
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 61 Figure 5.6 Otay Mesa/Mesa de Otay Modernization Draft Plan
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 62 Figure 5.7 Otay Mesa East Port of Entry Location
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 63 5.3 TECATE
One Caltrans infrastructure project for pedestrian and transit facilities on SR 188 north of the Tecate POE is currently in the conceptual planning stages; details are not currently available. There is also a discussion of extending the port’s hours of operation earlier than the current 5:00 am opening time to alleviate wait times during the morning peak period.
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 64 5.4 CALEXICO WEST
Expansion plans have been created for the Calexico West POE on both sides of the border. Modifications to the POE in the United States include new vehicle and pedestrian processing facilities, a new headhouse and administration offices, and expansion of the port on to the site of the former commercial facility, as current facilities are obsolete and too small to meet current traffic demands. US expansion plans will be conducted in two phases. Phase 1, currently proposed for funding in the President’s Budget for FY 15, includes ten northbound vehicle inspection lanes, the headhouse, a bridge for southbound vehicle traffic, and site modifications to prepare for Phase 2 plans. Phase 2 will complete the expansion project with the completion of sitework, the pedestrian processing facility, administrative offices, five southbound vehicle inspection lanes, and six additional vehicle lanes47. Figure 5.8 below displays the U. S. expansion plans.
An intermodal transportation center (ITC) is planned in Calexico at the corner of Rockwood Avenue and 3rd Street, two blocks north of the POE. Upon completion, this ITC will include transit and Greyhound bus facilities, drop off and pick up zones, amenities such as an information kiosk, restrooms, and water fountains, bicycle storage, and bus bays for public and private buses.
Modernization plans have also been made on the Mexican side of the border. The expansion project will consist of a new administration building and expansion and reconfiguration of personal vehicle crossing lanes on both sides of the New River, east of the current processing facilities. Four southbound vehicle lanes expanding into 17 inspection booths will be created east of the river, along with reconfiguration of northbound roadways west of the railroad tracks. The addition of a pedestrian plaza east of the current facility and nearby bikeways are also planned during the modernization project. See Figure 5.9 below for Mexican expansion plans for Calexico West POE.
A BRT system is planned for Mexicali as part of a modernization of the city’s public transportation system. Three lines will connect the main corridors of the city and a network of feeder routes. The first line, Línea Express #1, directly impacts the border crossing as it will cross the city from the POE southeast on Boulevard Adolfo López Mateos and San Luis Río Colorado.
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 65 Figure 5.8 Calexico West POE Expansion Plans (US)
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 66 Figure 5.9 Calexico West POE Expansion Plans (Mexico)
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 67 Possible Future Deficiencies A number of current deficiencies may be eliminated by proposed projects at the Calexico West POE. These include:
Narrow facilities in the pedestrian processing facility. Uneven roadways in Mexico near the POE. Future pedestrian, bicycle, and transit deficiencies at the Calexico West POE may include the following, some of which were discussed under the heading “Pedestrian Facility Deficiencies” earlier in this chapter:
Safety concerns at drop off and pick up locations in both nations due to inadequate passenger pick-up/drop-off facilities and heavy traffic In the US, it appears that E. 1st Street will no longer connect to SR 111, which may increase pedestrian safety by lessening traffic volume immediately outside of the port. In Mexico, no drop off/pick up location appears to be included in the modernization plans, potentially exacerbating a situation of pedestrian and vehicle traffic conflict just outside the port on Avenida Francisco Madero.
Sun and rain protection for pedestrian queuing areas and transit stops. Informational and directional signage Water fountains, benches, and clean restrooms. Lighting and security. Exposure to vehicle exhaust fumes for border crossers: In the northbound pedestrian queue In the proposed northbound vehicle tunnel on Cristóbal Colón. Safety and design concerns of the pedestrian tunnel.
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 68 5.5 CALEXICO EAST
Imperial Valley regional stakeholders have proposed an expansion of the truck and personal vehicle lanes at the Calexico East POE, as well as an expansion of the bridge over the All American Canal to reduce vehicle bottlenecks. Personal vehicle lanes would increase from eight to 14, an addition of six new vehicle lanes and booths. A preliminary estimate places the cost of the project at a range of $60-75 million, though the project is currently unfunded. A proposal to toll the new facilities could become part of the final concept, with the current facilities remaining no-cost to users48. There is no corresponding project currently planned in Mexico, though a project to improve drop off/pick up areas, restrooms, and shade for pedestrians is undergoing advanced planning.
Construction of an Intermodal Transportation Center (ITC) near the POE has been identified as a future need.
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 69 5.6 ANDRADE
Baja California’s Secretariat of Infrastructure and Urban Development (SIDUE) is planning modifications to make the border crossing facilities at the Andrade- Los Algodones POE more tourist-friendly. Additionally, Caltrans completed a project in 2014 creating improvements to the southbound pedestrian pathway, and adding lighting, gazebos, benches, and landscaping. A photo of the improvements is below.
CHAPTER 5: PROGRAMMED IMPROVEMENTS AND FUTURE CONDITIONS | 70 6.0 ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY RESULTS This chapter summarizes data collected as part of origin and destination surveys conducted at the Otay Mesa/Mesa de Otay and Tecate/Tecate Ports of Entry. Respondents provided information about travel mode to and from the border, trip frequency, trip duration and the purpose of their trip. In order to better understand the needs of pedestrians and bicyclists who cross between the US and Mexico at the six ports of entry (POEs) between California and Baja California, information needed to be gathered about the types of users, their reasons for traveling, their points of origin and destination, and the frequency with which they cross the border. After consulting prior studies and agency experts on the border region, it was decided that this study should focus on key origin and destination questions most relevant to creating a plan that improves bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure at the border. The questions are:
1. What is the arrival mode of transportation? 2. What is the departure transportation mode (into US)? 3. What is the origin point? 4. What is the destination point? 5. What is the primary purpose of the trip? 6. What is the frequency of the trip?
6.1 EXISTING STUDIES
A review of previously conducted border studies provided information pertinent to pedestrian and bicycle crossing behavior. The study team decided to make use of all available information from these previous studies and supplement this information only where necessary.
A more in-depth review of prior survey work along the six POEs along the California-Baja California border found the following surveys to be most pertinent to the current study:
Imperial County Cross-Border Survey Report (Rae & Parker Research, June 2007). This study/survey was conducted for all three POEs in Imperial County. Cross-Border Travel Behavior Survey (True North Research, September 2011). This study/survey was conducted along all three POEs in San Diego County. San Ysidro POE Expansion Mobility Study (KOA Corporation, April 2009) and San Ysidro Land Port of Entry Inspection Facility Expansion (KOA Corporation, June 2012).
The studies above provided information on the majority of the six key origin and destination questions. However, the mode of transportation for border crossers continuing the trip into the US was not addressed for all six POEs, as this data was not recorded at the Otay Mesa/Mesa de Otay or at the Tecate/Tecate ports of entry. Supplemental surveys were thus completed to gather data at these two locations. Survey results are shown below; please reference the three studies named above for origin and destination survey
CHAPTER 6: ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 72 information completed outside this Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Access Study.
The supplemental survey was conducted at the northbound pedestrian exits of the Otay Mesa and Tecate POEs on Thursday, October 16, 2014, for one two- hour session at each port. A copy of the bilingual form that was used by the surveyors is included in Appendix F. For transportation mode and trip purpose, results of the survey are presented in the figures below based on number of responses received, while trip frequency and duration results are ordered by time period.49
6.2 TRANSPORTATION MODE
The most frequent mode of arrival at the Otay Mesa POE is tied between respondents who used taxis and those who were dropped off by an automobile, suggesting that the most accessible way to arrive at this border crossing from this area of Tijuana is by vehicle. Nearly tied for third most frequent response are arrivals via automobile that subsequently parked (comprising 18 percent of the responses) and on foot (comprising 17 percent of the responses), suggesting that the pedestrian pathways to this port are frequently used by those who walk to the border and by those who drive to the border but cross as pedestrians. Less than 5 percent of respondents arrived at this port by private bus/shuttle, bike, or another mode of transportation. See Figure 6.1 for mode of arrival data at the Otay Mesa POE.
Figure 6.1 Otay Mesa POE Mode of Arrival
Figure 6.2 Otay MesaTaxi POE Mode of DepartureFigure 6.1 OtayAutomobile-dropped Mesa POE Mode off of Arrival Automobile-parked Figure 6.2 Otay MesaWalk POE Mode of Departure Public bus Bicycle Figure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of ArrivalFigure 6.2 Otay Mesa POE Mode of DepartureFigureOther 6.1 Otay Mesa POE Mode of ArrivalPrivate bus/shuttle 0% 20% 40% BoFigurerder crossers 6.2 Otayat the Otay Mesa Mesa POE POEMode most frequently of DepartureFigure departed from the 6.1 borderOtay using Mesa a parked POE Modeautomobile. of Arrival As shown in Figure 6.2 below, 29 percent of respondents used a parked car to get from the border crossing to their final destination. This finding suggests that those who drove their own car to leave at theFigure border 6.2 were Otay visitors Mesa from POE the US Mode returning of Departure from Mexico on a day trip to Tijuana. The next most frequent means of transportation were walking, being Figure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of ArrivalFigure 6.2 Otay Mesa CHAPTER 6: ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 73 POE Mode of Departure picked up in an automobile, and taking a public bus, each of which represent between 16-20 percent of responses. Five percent of respondents reported leaving the border crossing by bicycle. Fully one quarter of all respondents depart from Otay Mesa POE by biking or walking. Figure 6.2 Otay Mesa POE Mode of Departure
Automobile-Parked Figure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of ArrivalFigure 6.2 Otay Mesa Walk POE Mode of Departure Automobile-Picked Up Public Bus Figure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of Arrival Taxi Bicycle Figure 6.4 TecateOther POE Mode of DepartureFigure 6.3 Tecate POEPrivate Mode Bus/ Shuttle of ArrivalFigure 6.2 Otay Mesa POE Mode of DepartureNo response
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Figure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of ArrivalFigure 6.2 Otay Mesa ThePOE vast Modemajority of of Departure survey respondents arrived at the Tecate POE via automobile that was subsequently parked, potentially indicating the attractiveness of crossing the border at this port on foot versus by car. The secondFigure most 6.3 popular Tecate response POE wasMode from of individuals Arrival who walked to the border. Together, those who parked their car and walked across the border and those who arrived on foot comprise three quarters of survey respondents. Fourteen percentFigure of border6.4 Tecate crossers POE arrived Mode by public of DepartureFigur bus, and another tene 6.3 percent Tecate arrivedPOE by Mode being ofdropped Arrival off by an automobile or in a private bus/shuttle. See Figure 6.3 below for mode of arrival data for the Tecate POE.
FigureFigure 6.36.4 TecateTecate POEPOE ModeMode ofof ArrivalDeparture
FigureFigureAutomobile-parked 6.4 6.6 Tecate Tecate POE POE Mode Trip of FrequencyFigureDepartureFigure 6.46.3 Tecate Tecate POEPOE Mode Mode of of Arrival DepartureFigureWalk 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of Arrival Public bus FigureAutomobile-dropped 6.4 Tecate POEoff Mode of Departure FigurePrivate 6.4 Tecatebus/shuttle POE Mode of DepartureFigure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of ArrivalFigure 6.2 Otay Mesa POE Mode of Figure 6.6 TecateOther POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.4 Tecate Departure POE Mode of Bicycle DepartureFigure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of Arrival Taxi Figure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of ArrivalFigure 6.2 Otay Mesa POE Mode of Departure0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Figure 6.4 Tecate POE Mode of DepartureFigure 6.3 Tecate POE Mode of Arrival Figure 6.3 Tecate POEC ModeHAPTER of 6: OArrivalRIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 74
Figure 6.4 Tecate POE Mode of Departure Surprisingly, walking was by far the most popular mode of departure from the Tecate POE, with almost 70 percent of survey respondents indicating that they would continue their trip from the border crossing on foot, which suggests that these travelers had final destinations within walking distance of the port. The next most popular departure transportation mode was public bus, capturing 16% of the responses. Interestingly, mode share of automobiles (whether parked or coming to pick up the respondent) and bicycles were far lower than at the Otay Mesa POE. The absence of free parking and attractive bicycle routes on the US side of the border may contribute to this mode split. Figure 6.4 depicts departure transportation mode share for the Tecate POE. Figure 6.4 Tecate POE Mode of Departure
Figure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.4 Tecate Walk POE Mode of Departure Public Bus
Automobile-Parked Figure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip Frequency Private Bus/ Shuttle
Figure 6.5 Otay MesaOther POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.6 Tecate POE TripAutomobile-Picked FrequencyFigure Up 6.4 Tecate POE Mode of Departure Bicycle
Taxi Figure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.4 Tecate 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% POE Mode of Departure 6.3 TRIP FREQUENCY Figure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip Frequency Forty-four percent of the pedestrians crossing the border at Otay Mesa reported that they cross weekly, averaging 3.67 trips per week between the US andFigure Mexico. 6.5 The Otay next Mesamost popular POE Tripresponse FrequencyFigure for border crossers 6.6 is Tecatean average ofPOE 2.79 cross-border Trip Frequency trips per year, comprising 26 percent of the respondents. Ninety-nine percent of respondents cross the border more frequently than once a year, and 74% cross at least monthly. These findings reinforce the interconnectednessFigure 6.5 Otay of Mesa the California/Baja POE Trip CaliforniaFrequency region. Figure 6.5 depicts trip frequency at the Otay Mesa POE.
Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip Frequency
Figure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.4 Tecate POE Mode of Departure CHAPTER 6: ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 75 Figure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip Frequency
70% Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa 60% POE Trip FrequencyAverage Weekly Trips 50% 3.67 40%Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip Purpose Average 30% Yearly Trips Average Average 2.79 Daily Trips Monthly Trips 3 20%Figure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay Mesa 10%POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip Frequency
0% Figure 6.7Daily Otay MesaWeekly POE TripMonthly PurposeFigureYearly 6.5 OtayLess Mesathan POE Trip Frequency Yearly Almost half of the border crossers at the Tecate POE make an average of 3.04 tripsFigure per week. 6.7 OtayAnother Mesa 37% ofPOE respondents Trip Purpose average two trips per month. Daily border crossings (8%) and yearly border crossings (5%) are the least common border crossing frequencies at this POE, which suggests that many border crossersFigure make 6.8 this Tecate trip as part POE of Tripa weekly PurposeFigure or monthly routine. 6.7 Figure Otay 6.6 Mesa shows tripPOE frequency Trip atPurpose the Tecate POE. Figure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip Frequency
70%Figure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip Purpose Figure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.6 Tecate 60% Average POE Trip Frequency Weekly Trips Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE3.04 Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate 50% Average POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay MesaMonthly POE Trips Trip Purpose 40%Figure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip Frequency2
30% Figure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay Mesa Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa 20%POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip POE TripAverage FrequencyFigure 6.6 Tecate POE Trip AverageFrequency Yearly FrequencyDaily Trips 1 Trips 2.33 10%
Figure0% 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip FrequencyFigure 6.6 Tecate Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip DailyFrequency Weekly Monthly Yearly POE Trip Frequency 6.4 TRIP PURPOSE Figure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip Frequency AsFigure displayed 6.7 in FigureOtay 6.7,Mesa over POE a third Trip of respondents Purpose at the Otay Mesa POE cross the border for the purpose of making a business or work related trip. This findingFigure is consistent 6.7 Otay with Mesa the POEmajority Trip of landPurposeFigure zoned for industrial 6.5 Otay use around Mesa POEFigure Trip 6.8 Frequency Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa POE Trip Frequency CHAPTER 6: ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 76 Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip Purpose Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.5 Otay Mesa the port. The second and third most common responses were for trips with the purpose of visiting family/friends, capturing 19 percent of the responses, and going shopping/doing errands, with 17 percent of the responses. Nine percent of trips were made with the purpose of recreation, while medical/dental, going to/from work, vacation/tourist, other, and school responses each represented 5 percent or less of the responses. It is interesting that vacation/tourist was not a primary trip purpose in this survey, as this POE is located close to the General Abelardo L. Rodríguez International Airport. No respondents chose dining/entertainment as the purpose of their trip.
Figure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip Purpose
Business or work related Figure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE TripVisiting Purpose friends/family Shopping/errands Recreation Figure 6.8 TecateMedical/dental POE Trip Purpose Going to/from work Figure 6.9 OtayVacation/tourist Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigureOther 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip Purpose School Dining/entertainment Figure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip Purpose 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Almost 40 percent of the respondents at the Tecate POE reported that the purpose of their cross-border trip was to conduct shopping/errands. Interestingly,Figure 6.8 19 Tecate percent POE of respondents Trip Purpose chose “other” as the purpose of their trip, far more respondents than going to/from work or going to school, which each received under 8 percent of the survey responses. Business or work relatedFigure trips 6.9 represent Otay Mesa 14 percent POE of Trip the findings DurationFigure and visiting friends/family 6.8 Tecate representPOE Trip 12 percent.Purpose Medical/dental trips and trips for recreation each received 2 percent of the responses. No individuals reported crossing the border for the purpose of vacation/tourist or dining/entertainment. Figure 6.8 presents trip Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip Duration purpose data at the Tecate POE.
Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip Purpose
Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay Mesa POE Trip Purpose
Figure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip PurposeFigure 6.7 Otay Mesa CHAPTER 6: ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 77 POE Trip Purpose Figure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip Purpose
Shopping/errands Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate Other POE Trip Purpose Business or work related Visiting friends/family Figure 6.9 OtaySchool Mesa POE Trip Duration Going to/from work Medical/dental Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigureRecreation 6.8 Tecate POE Trip Purpose Dining/entertainment Vacation/ tourist Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% POE Trip Purpose
6.5 DURATION OF STAY Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip Duration As Figure 6.9 shows, over 40 percent of individuals surveyed at the Otay Mesa POE reported staying across the border for between one and eight hours. StayingFigure between 6.10 Tecate one and threePOE days Trip across DurationFigure the border and 6.9staying Otay over Mesa three daysPOE each Trip received Duration 18 percent of responses. Trip duration of one hour or less and trips between nine and 23 hours each received approximately 11 percent of responses. Sixty-four percent of the respondents’ cross-border trips lasted for lessFigure than one 6.10 day, Tecate while 36 POE percent Trip respondents Duration stayed across the border for a day or more.
FigureFigure 6.9 7.1 OtaySan Mesa Ysidro/Puerta POE Trip Duration México -El Chaparral Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle ProjectsFigure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip Duration 60%Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa 50%POE Trip Duration Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE40% Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip Purpose Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip Duration 30% Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate 20%Figure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral POE Trip Purpose Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle ProjectsFigure 6.10 Tecate 10% POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip Duration Figure0% 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip Duration 1 hour or less 1-8 hrs 9-23 hrs 1-3 days Over 3 days Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa FigurePOE Trip 6.10 DurationTecate POE Trip DurationFigure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip Purpose Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip Duration CHAPTER 6: ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 78 Figure 6.9 Otay Mesa POE Trip DurationFigure 6.8 Tecate POE Trip Purpose Figure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Over half of those surveyed at the Tecate POE reported that they planned to stay across the border for one hour or less, which could suggest that many residents of Tecate, Mexico have short errands to complete in Tecate, US. Another 29 percent of respondents said they would have one to eight hour trips. Eighty-eight percent of individuals made trips that lasted no longer than one day, while 12 percent of those surveyed planned to stay across the border for more than one day. See Figure 6.10 for a chart of trip duration at the Tecate POE.
Figure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip Duration
Figure60% 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle ProjectsFigure 6.10 Tecate 50% POE Trip Duration 40%
30% Figure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral 20% Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
10%
0% 1 hour or 1-8 hrs 9-23 hrs 1-3 days More than 3 Figure 7.2lessSan Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral days Bicycle ProjectsFigure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle ProjectsFigure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip Duration
Figure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle ProjectsFigure 6.10 Tecate POE Trip Duration
Figure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
Figure 7.2 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Bicycle ProjectsFigure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
Figure 7.2 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Bicycle CHAPTER 6: ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY | 79 Projects 7.0 RECOMMENDED PROJECTS This chapter describes the recommended improvements to address pedestrian, bicycle, transit and vehicle deficiencies at each Port of Entry (POE). Projects are organized by travel mode for each port, and maps show key improvements at each POE. This chapter also includes a set of policy recommendations that apply to all locations. The Existing Conditions and Public Outreach phases of this study were used to develop a list of recommended projects to improve pedestrian and bicycle access at the California/Baja California ports of entry. Ninety-six recommended projects and policies were developed through information and input gathered during the On-Site Outreach Workshops, Focus Group Meetings, field work at each of the ports, online input from the eAudit tool, as well as from review of existing plans and studies. Recommended projects were reviewed and revised based on input from local, state, and federal agencies and community groups from both the United States and Mexico. Three quarters of the recommendations represent pedestrian and bicycle projects, and one quarter are policies and transit and vehicle projects.
Recommended projects are divided by port in the next six sections, followed at the end of the chapter by policy recommendations which address all six POEs. Within each port’s subsection, the table of projects for that port is divided by type (pedestrian, bicycle, transit, or vehicle) and by country (Mexico or the United States.) Each port’s projects are mapped in two maps, a map depicting bicycle projects and a map depicting pedestrian, transit, and vehicle projects. Cost estimates in both the U.S. and Mexico are in U.S. dollars. The complete matrix of project and policy recommendations is available in Appendix H.
Word choice for some of the recommendations should be clarified. “Mounted” bicyclists are on their bicycles and riding, while “dismounted” bicyclists are walking and wheeling their bicycles by hand. A “pedestrian-friendly crossing” includes appropriate signage, striping, and signalization to enhance pedestrian safety in the busy crosswalks around the POEs. It is assumed that projects will be implemented to standards which make them accessible to the disabled.
The concept of designated bicycle border crossing lanes should also be addressed. These lanes have existed before at California/Baja California ports of entry, but issues arose which resulted in their closure. Issues included individuals “cheating” and renting broken bicycles to take advantage of shorter northbound bicycle queues, efficiency considerations involved in converting a vehicle or pedestrian inspection lane to serve bicycle traffic, and safety concerns relating to bicyclists darting among vehicle traffic. Further study is necessary to design appropriate bicycle border crossing facilities at the POEs.
Design Guidelines for POE pedestrian and bicycle access can be found in Appendix J. A transit feasibility report for a bus service between the Calexico East and West POEs was also developed, and can be found in Appendix K. Please see Chapter 2, Existing Conditions, for a description of amenities such as informational and directional signage and shade structures that improve the border crossing experience for bicyclists and pedestrians.
CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDED PROJECTS | 81 7.1 SAN YSIDRO/PUERTA MÉXICO-EL CHAPARRAL
Seventeen projects are recommended at the San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral POE: nine in Mexico and eight in the US Eight bicycle projects, six pedestrian projects, one transit project, and two vehicle projects are recommended between the two nations. The bicycle recommendations include dedicated inspection lane facilities, bicycle routes, signage, parking, and bike share facilities. The pedestrian projects recommend amenities and sidewalk or pathway enhancements in both nations. The transit project in the US recommends a formal pedicab pick-up/drop-off zone, while the two Mexican vehicle projects recommend vehicle pick-up/drop-off zones and roundabout improvements.
Mexico Pedestrian Project Recommendations Project 2 Tijuana Pedestrian-Friendly Crossing Improvements Various Create pedestrian-friendly crossings at intersections of Av Intersections Frontera and Av Ferrocarril, Alfonso Reyes and Línea Internacional, and northbound ramp gore at Paseo Centenario Tijuana connecting to Av Ferrocarril. Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana Cost: $218,000 Project 6 Puerta México-El Chaparral Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Pedestrian Add restrooms, water fountains, benches, shade for pathways and processing to Av waiting areas, information kiosks, and informational signage. Add de la Amistad and additional directional signage, lighting, shade for queuing area, Av Frontera pedestrian sidewalk ramps, and lane segmentation. Consider widening queue area. As an interim improvement, add additional lighting, shelter, and seating for transit stop. Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana Cost: $982,000 Project 8 Tijuana Pedestrian-Friendly Sidewalk Improvements Av de la Amistad, Sidewalk rehabilitation and installation of pedestrian ramps, Paseo Centenario crosswalks, signage, and lighting along Av de la Amistad, Paseo Tijuana, and Línea Centenario Tijuana, and Línea Internacional. Lead Agency: SIDUE Cost: $268,000 Mexico Bicycle Project Recommendations Project 11 Puerta México - El Chaparral Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency INDAABIN, Aduanas Cost $300,000
CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDED PROJECTS | 82 Project 13 Bicycle Routes in Tijuana Various Construct planned bicycle routes in Tijuana. Additionally, construct routes to establish connections between planned routes and the POE. Install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana Cost $584,000 Project 15 Puerta México-El Chaparral Border Bike Share Within a three Bike share program. minute walk of Lead Agency Ayuntamiento de Tijuana the pedestrian Cost $750,000 queue Project 17 Bicycle Parking in Tijuana Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the Puerta México Este and El minute walk of Chaparral POE. the pedestrian Lead Agency IMPLAN, SIDUE queue Cost $7,000 Mexico Vehicle Project Recommendations Project 1 Puerta México and El Chaparral Passenger Pick- Up/Drop-Off Zones Within a three Create sufficient and exclusive pick up/drop off zones at an minute walk of appropriate location at the Puerta México and El Chaparral the pedestrian border crossings. Include benches, signage, shade, and lighting. queue at each Lead Agency SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana crossing Cost $107,000 Project 3 Av de la Amistad Roundabout Improvements Intersection of Av Improve Av de la Amistad and Av Frontera roundabout to be de la Amistad and more pedestrian-friendly. Av Frontera Lead Agency Ayuntamiento de Tijuana Cost $1925,000 United Pedestrian Project Recommendations States Project 5 East San Ysidro Blvd Pedestrian-Friendly Crossing Improvements East San Ysidro Enhance intersection of East San Ysidro Blvd north of San Ysidro Blvd Transit Center to be more pedestrian and bicycle-friendly. Lead Agency City of San Diego Cost $141,000 Project 7 San Ysidro Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Pedestrian Add restrooms, information kiosk, shade for queuing area, and processing to East informational signage. Add additional directional signage, benches, San Ysidro Blvd lighting, and shade for waiting and transit areas. Remove/camouflage barbed wire. Improve segments of sidewalk.
CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDED PROJECTS | 83 Lead Agency GSA, CBP, MTS, City of San Diego Cost $1,215,000 Project 9 San Ysidro Sidewalk Improvements East San Ysidro Add missing pedestrian sidewalk ramps, crosswalks, and sidewalk. Blvd , Camino de Lead Agency City of San Diego la Plaza Cost $28,000 United Bicycle Project Recommendations States Project 10 San Ysidro Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency GSA, CBP Cost $300,000 Project 12 Bicycle Routes in San Ysidro Various Construct planned bicycle routes in San Ysidro. Additionally, construct routes to establish connections between planned routes and the POE. Install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency City of San Diego, GSA Cost $212,000 Project 14 San Ysidro Border Bike Share Within a three Bike share program. minute walk of Lead Agency City of San Diego, GSA the pedestrian Cost $750,000 queue Project 16 Bicycle Parking in San Ysidro Within a three Construct additional bicycle parking at the east and west facilities minute walk of of the San Ysidro POE. the pedestrian Lead Agency City of San Diego, GSA queue Cost $7,000 United Transit Project Recommendations States Project 4 Pedicab Passenger Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone East San Ysidro As an interim improvement, add signage and paint curb to Blvd north of San designate pedicab pick-up/drop-off zone north of the San Ysidro Ysidro ITC Intermodal Transportation Center (ITC). Lead Agency City of San Diego Cost $8,000
CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDED PROJECTS | 84 Figure 7.1 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDED PROJECTS | 85 Figure 7.2 San Ysidro/Puerta México-El Chaparral Bicycle Projects
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7.2 OTAY MESA/MESA DE OTAY
This study recommends 20 projects at the Otay Mesa/Mesa de Otay POE. Nine of the projects are recommended in the United States and 11 are recommended in Mexico. Bi-nationally there are six bicycle projects, nine pedestrian projects, two transit projects, and three vehicle projects recommended at this POE. The bicycle recommendations include bicycle routes, signage, parking, and inspection lane facilities, and the pedestrian projects recommend amenities, sidewalk construction, and sidewalk or pathway enhancements in both nations. Pedestrian projects also include construction or modification of pedestrian bridges. A transit facility is recommended for both the US and Mexico. Vehicle projects include safety modifications in both countries and a pick-up/drop-off zone in the US
Mexico Pedestrian Project Recommendations Project 18 Blvd Garita de Otay Pedestrian Bridge Blvd Garita de Construct east-west pedestrian bridge over Blvd Garita de Otay. Otay Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana Cost: $1,440,000 Project 19 Colina del Sol Multi-Purpose Path Colina del Sol Construct a multi-purpose path in the median between Calle from Sor Juana de Colina del Sol and Calle Josefina Rendon Parra from Av Sor la Cruz to Blvd de Juana de La Cruz to Boulevard de las Bellas Artes. las Bellas Artes Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana Cost: $189,000 Project 27 Blvd Garita de Otay Interim Pedestrian Crossing and Two-Way Turnstile Removal Blvd Garita de Add interim solution for pedestrian crossing across Boulevard Otay Garita de Otay until pedestrian bridge project is completed. Remove two-way turnstile on Blvd Garita de Otay which creates a barrier to northbound pedestrian traffic crossing the vehicle SENTRI lane to access pedestrian processing. Lead Agency: SIDUE Cost: $8,000 Project 28 Mesa de Otay Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements
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Blvd de las Bellas Add restrooms, water fountains, benches, information kiosks, Artes to informational and directional signage, lane segmentation, lighting, pedestrian and shade for pathways and transit areas. Add additional shade processing for queuing area. Add pedestrian-friendly crossing just south of southbound border crossing. Lead Agency: SIDUE, INDAABIN, Aduanas Cost: $1929,000
Project 30 Boulevard de las Bellas Artes Crosswalk Improvements Intersection of Enhance pedestrian crosswalk visibility, accessibility, and safety Blvd de las Bellas where the sidewalk on the east side of Boulevard Aztecas N Artes and Calle intersects with Calle Garita de Otay SENTRI. Garita de Otay Lead Agency: SIDUE SENTRI Cost: $7,000 Project 31 Boulevard Garita de Otay Sidewalk Improvements Blvd Garita de Construct pedestrian sidewalk ramps and missing sidewalk and Otay from Blvd crosswalks. de las Bellas Artes Lead Agency: SIDUE to pedestrian Cost: $145,000 processing Mexico Bicycle Project Recommendations Project 33 Mesa de Otay Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas Cost: $300,000 Project 35 Bicycle Routes in Mesa de Otay , Tijuana Various Construct bicycle routes in Mesa de Otay, Tijuana and install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana Cost: $60,000 Project 37 Bicycle Parking in Mesa de Otay, Tijuana Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue Mexico Transit Project Recommendations Project 21 Colina del Sol Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone and Transit Stop
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Colina del Sol, Create a passenger pick-up/drop-off zone and transit facility near west of the northbound pedestrian queuing area. Include shade, lighting, intersection of Sor benches, and informational and directional signage. Juana Inés de la Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tijuana, INDAABIN Cruz and Josefina Cost: $385,000 Rendón Parra Mexico Vehicle Project Recommendations Project 26 Blvd Garita de Otay Traffic Control Blvd Garita de Add traffic control to prevent wrong-way driving due to Otay passenger drop-off on Blvd Garita de Otay SENTRI lane. Lead Agency: SIDUE Cost: $9,000 United Pedestrian Project Recommendations States Project 22 Pedestrian Bridge – Northbound Ramp Pedestrian bridge In the absence of new pedestrian bridge from US pedestrian to pedestrian path inspection facilities to proposed Otay Mesa Intermodal south of Nicola Transportation Center, add northbound pedestrian ramp to Tesla Ct existing pedestrian bridge. Lead Agency: GSA Cost: $780,000 Project 23 Paseo Internacional Sidewalk Improvements and Sidewalk Construction Pedestrian Add pedestrian crossing north of POE. Construct sidewalk on processing to Roll east side of Paseo Internacional and add pedestrian ramps on Drive west side of Paseo Internacional. Lead Agency: GSA Cost: $30,000 Project 29 Otay Mesa Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Pedestrian Add water fountains, restroom, benches, information kiosk, processing to Roll informational and directional signage, and lighting. Add additional Drive, pedestrian shade for pathways, queuing area, waiting areas, and transit processing to areas. Add shelters, additional benches, and lighting for bus Nicola Tesla Ct stops. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP, SANDAG, MTS, City of San Diego Cost: $542,000 United Bicycle Project Recommendations States Project 32 Otay Mesa Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP Cost: $300,000
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Project 34 Bicycle Routes in Otay Mesa Various Construct planned bicycle routes in Otay Mesa. Additionally, construct routes to establish connections between planned routes and the POE. Install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency: City of San Diego, GSA Cost: $242,000 Project 36 Bicycle Parking in Otay Mesa Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: City of San Diego, GSA the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue
United Transit Project Recommendations States Project 20 Otay Mesa Intermodal Transportation Center and Pedestrian Bridge Parcel southeast Construct planned ITC south of Nicola Tesla Ct. Construct of Nicola Tesla Ct planned pedestrian bridge from northbound pedestrian inspections. Lead Agency: SANDAG, GSA Cost: $712,000 United Vehicle Project Recommendations States Project 24 SR 905 Safety Enhancements
SR 905 north of Add safety enhancements on SR 905 to prevent passenger drop- vehicle processing off. facility Lead Agency: Caltrans, GSA, CBP Cost: $8,000 Project 25 Roll Drive Passenger Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone Intersection of Re-paint curb to create official and sufficient passenger pick- Roll Drive and Via up/drop-off zone at southwestern edge of Roll Drive. Add trees, de la Amistad benches, lighting, and directional signage. Lead Agency: City of San Diego Cost: $42,000
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Figure 7.3 Otay Mesa/Mesa de Otay Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
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Figure 7.4 Otay Mesa/Mesa de Otay Bicycle Projects
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7.3 TECATE/TECATE
There are 12 projects recommended at the Tecate/Tecate POE, five in Mexico and seven in the United States, with six bicycle projects, four pedestrian projects, one vehicle project, and one transit project between the two nations. The bicycle recommendations include bicycle routes, signage, parking, and inspection lane facilities, and the pedestrian projects recommend amenities and sidewalk or pathway enhancements in both nations. The transit and vehicle projects recommend increased frequency of public transportation in the US, as well as the creation of a pick-up/drop-off zone.
Mexico Pedestrian Project Recommendations Project 42 Tecate, Baja California Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements and Passenger Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone Intersection of Add water fountain, benches, information kiosk, shade for Callejón Francisco waiting area, and informational signage. Add additional lighting Madero and and directional signage. Create a protected passenger pick- Presidente Lázaro up/drop-off zone at the intersection of Callejón Francisco Cárdenas Madero and Presidente Lázaro Cárdenas. Lead Agency: SIDUE Cost: $199,000 Project 43 Tecate, Baja California Sidewalk and Wayfinding Improvements POE to Av Construct additional pedestrian sidewalk ramps and crosswalks, Hidalgo install signage, and rehabilitate sidewalk one block east and west of pedestrian processing as well as along Presidente Lázaro Cardenas and along one block of Av Hidalgo. Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tecate Cost: $145,000 Mexico Bicycle Project Recommendations Project 45 Tecate, Baja California Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas Cost: $300,000 Project 47 Bicycle Routes in Tecate, Baja California Various Construct bicycle routes in Tecate, Baja California and install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tecate Cost: $213,000 Project 49 Bicycle Parking in Tecate, Baja California Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of
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the pedestrian Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Tecate queue Cost: $7,000 United Pedestrian Project Recommendations States Project 38 SR 188 Pedestrian-Friendly Crossing Improvement SR 188 at Thing Create north-south pedestrian-friendly crossing across SR 188 Rd at intersection of Thing Road. Lead Agency: Caltrans Cost: $110,000 Project 41 Tecate, California Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Border to MTS Add restrooms, water fountain, informational kiosks, benches, bus stop on SR lighting, and informational and directional signage. Add additional 188 benches behind bus stop and bus shelter. Add additional shade for southbound queuing area. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP, Caltrans, MTS Cost: $326,000 United Bicycle Project Recommendations States Project 44 Tecate, California Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP Cost: $300,000 Project 46 Bicycle Routes in Tecate, California Various Construct bicycle routes in Tecate, California and install bicycle- related signage. Lead Agency: San Diego County, GSA Cost: $23,000 Project 48 Bicycle Parking in Tecate, California Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: San Diego County, GSA the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue United Transit Project Recommendations States Project 39 Tecate, California Passenger Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone SR 188 Create a passenger pick-up/drop-off zone outside of CBP pedestrian processing facility. Add bench, shade, lighting, and signage. Lead Agency: Caltrans, GSA, CBP Cost: $47,000
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United Vehicle Project Recommendations States Project 40 Increase Route 894 Frequency
- Consider increasing frequency of Route 894 with service to and from Tecate. Lead Agency: MTS Cost: N/A
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Figure 7.5 Tecate/Tecate Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
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Figure 7.6 Tecate/Tecate Bicycle Projects
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7.4 CALEXICO WEST/MEXICALI I
There are 15 recommended projects at the Calexico West/Mexicali I POE, six in the US and nine in Mexico. Nine are bicycle projects, five are pedestrian projects, and one is a vehicle project. The bicycle recommendations include bicycle routes, signage, parking, inspection lane facilities, and bike share facilities, as well as a bicycle stairway ramp in Mexicali for access to the pedestrian tunnel. The pedestrian projects recommend amenities and sidewalk or pathway enhancements in both nations, as well as interim improvements in the pedestrian tunnel. The sole vehicle project recommends the creation of an interim pick-up/drop-off location in Mexicali.
Mexico Pedestrian Project Recommendations Project 50 Mexicali I Tunnel Modification Pedestrian tunnel As an interim improvement, resolve flooding issues and improve ventilation in pedestrian tunnel. Lead Agency: INDAABIN Cost: $123,000 Project 52 Mexicali I Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Agustin Melgar to As interim improvements, add water fountain, information kiosk, POE and Callejón and informational signage. Add additional benches, shade for Zorilla to POE queuing area and waiting area, lighting, and directional signage. Add benches, shade, signage, and lighting for transit stop. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas, SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Mexicali, IMIP Cost: $112,000 Project 55 Mexicali Pedestrian-Friendly Crossing Improvements, Sidewalk Improvements, and Sidewalk Maintenance Various Add pedestrian-friendly crossing at intersections of Blvd Adolfo intersections López Mateos with Av Francisco Madero and Ignacio Manuel Altamirano. Add pedestrian sidewalk ramps and crosswalks and conduct sidewalk maintenance on Augustin Melgar, Zorilla, Blvd Adolfo López Mateos, Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, and Av Francisco Madero. Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali Cost: $725,000 Mexico Bicycle Project Recommendations Project 57 Mexicali I Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas Cost: $300,000
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Project 59 Bicycle Routes in Mexicali Various Construct planned bicycle routes in Mexicali; consider implementation of some facilities as bicycle lanes. Additionally, construct routes to establish connections between planned routes and the POE. Install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali, SIDUE Cost: $480,000 Project 60 Bicycle Ramp for Mexicali I Tunnel Pedestrian tunnel As an interim improvement, construct bicycle ramp alongside western stairway to facilitate bicycle users entering and exiting pedestrian tunnel. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, SIDUE Cost: $38,000 Project 62 Mexicali I Border Bike Share Within a three Bike share program. minute walk of Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali the pedestrian Cost: $750,000 queue Project 64 Bicycle Parking in Mexicali Within a three Construct bicycle parking at or near the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali, SIDUE the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue Mexico Vehicle Project Recommendations Project 51 Passenger Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone on Callejón Zorilla Callejón Zorilla As an interim improvement, use paint and signage to add a north of Callejón passenger pick-up/drop-off zone on Callejón Zorilla. Reforma Lead Agency: INDAABIN Cost: $101,000 United Pedestrian Project Recommendations States Project 53 Calexico Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements POE to E 1st As interim improvements, add water fountain, benches, Street information kiosk, informational and directional signage, and shade for waiting area. Add additional lighting. Add signage and lighting for transit areas. Lead Agency: City of Calexico, GSA, CBP Cost: $114,000 Project 54 Calexico Pedestrian-Friendly Crossing Improvements and Crosswalk Maintenance Various Construct pedestrian-friendly crossings at intersections of E 1st intersections Street and Rockwood Ave and E 2nd Street and Rockwood Ave. between E 1st Repaint crosswalks on Paulin Ave, Rockwood Ave, Heffernan Ave, and Heber Ave.
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Street and E 7th Lead Agency: City of Calexico Street Cost: $178,000 United Bicycle Project Recommendations States Project 56 Calexico West Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP Cost: $300,000 Project 58 Bicycle Routes in Calexico Various Construct planned bicycle routes in Calexico. Additionally, construct routes to establish connections between planned routes and the POE. Install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency: City of Calexico, GSA Cost: $480,000 Project 61 Calexico West Border Bike Share Within a three Bike share program. minute walk of Lead Agency: City of Calexico the pedestrian Cost: $750,000 queue Project 63 Bicycle Parking in Calexico Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: City of Calexico, GSA the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue
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Figure 7.7 Calexico West/Mexicali I Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
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Figure 7.8 Calexico West/Mexicali I Bicycle Projects
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7.5 CALEXICO EAST/MEXICALI II
This study recommends 15 projects at the Calexico East/Mexicali II POE: seven in Mexico and eight in the United States, with a total of six bicycle projects, four pedestrian projects, one transit project, and four vehicle projects recommended. The six bicycle projects recommend bicycle routes, signage, parking, and inspection lane infrastructure in both the United States and Mexico. Pedestrian projects recommend amenities and sidewalk or pathway enhancements in both nations. Vehicle projects recommend the creation of pick-up/drop-off zones in both nations, as well as a relocation of the vehicle SENTRI lane and creation of a parking lot in Mexico. The sole transit project recommends the creation of an intermodal transportation center (ITC) in the US
Mexico Pedestrian Project Recommendations Project 71 Mexicali II Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Calzada Abelardo Add water fountains, benches, information kiosks, lighting, and Rodriguez to informational and directional signage. Add shade for queuing pedestrian areas, waiting area, and pathways. Add additional restroom, processing crosswalks, and pedestrian sidewalk ramps. Add more shade for departure pathway. If new northerly pick-up/drop-off zone is not constructed, improve existing passenger pick-up/drop-off zone with shade structure, benches, and information kiosk. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas, SIDUE Cost: $1,097,000 Project 73 Calzada Abelardo Rodriguez Sidewalk Improvements Intersection of Add pedestrian sidewalk ramps and sidewalk and crosswalks Calzada Abelardo connecting northbound and southbound pedestrian pathways Rodriguez and along north side of Calzada Abelardo Rodriguez. POE access roads Lead Agency: SIDUE, IMIP Cost: $58,000 Mexico Bicycle Project Recommendations Project 75 Mexicali II Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas Cost: $300,000 Project 77 Bicycle Routes in Mexicali Various Construct planned bicycle routes in Mexicali. Additionally, construct routes to establish connections between planned routes and the POE. Install bicycle-related signage. Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali, SIDUE Cost: $375,000
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Project 79 Bicycle Parking in Mexicali Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali, SIDUE the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue Mexico Vehicle Project Recommendations Project 67 Mexicali II Passenger Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone South of bridge Create passenger pick-up/drop-off zone approximately 800' that crosses All- north of current location to reduce pedestrian walking distance American Canal to border crossing. Include lighting and informational and directional signage. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas, SIDUE Cost: $580,000 Project 69 Overnight Parking on Calzada Abelardo Rodriguez Calzada Abelardo Create one overnight parking lot on Calzada Abelardo Rodriguez Rodriguez southeast of POE. southeast of POE Lead Agency: SIDUE, Ayuntamiento de Mexicali Cost: $287,000 United Pedestrian Project Recommendations States Project 66 Calexico East Pedestrian Path Pedestrian Add pedestrian path on west side of roadway, adjacent to processing existing trees. Or, add trees to provide shade to existing building to 900' sidewalk. north Lead Agency: GSA Cost: $44,000 Project 72 Calexico East Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Border to SR 7 Add restroom, water fountains, information kiosks, lighting, benches, and informational and directional signage. Add shade and benches for waiting area. Add shade to waiting area, queuing area, and southbound pathway. Create pedestrian-friendly crossing just north of pedestrian processing facility .Lead Agency: GSA, CBP Cost: $1072,000 United Bicycle Project Recommendations States Project 74 Calexico East Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP Cost: $300,000
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Project 76 Bicycle Routes in Imperial County Various Construct bicycle routes in Imperial County and install bicycle- related signage. Lead Agency: Imperial County, GSA Cost: $163,000 Project 78 Bicycle Parking in Imperial County Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: Imperial County, GSA the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue United Transit Project Recommendations States Project 65 Calexico East ITC and Relocation of Southbound Pedestrian Pathway Access Parcel located at Create an Intermodal Transportation Center (ITC). Include split of SR 7 shade, lighting, benches, and restroom. Add pedestrian-friendly northbound and crossings across northbound and southbound SR 7 to connect southbound northbound and southbound pedestrian pathways adjacent to vehicle lanes the ITC. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP, Caltrans, ICTC Cost: $1079,000 United Vehicle Project Recommendations States Project 68 Calexico East Passenger Pick-Up/Drop-Off Zone Southern As an interim improvement, create a passenger pick-up/drop-off terminus of zone at the southern terminus of Menvielle Rd. Add benches, Menvielle Rd signage, a shade structure, and a sidewalk to connect to the northbound pedestrian pathway. Lead Agency: ICTC, Imperial County Cost: $125,000 Project 70 Relocate Calexico East SENTRI Lane POE Assign vehicle lane closest to POE (eastern-most northbound lane) as SENTRI lane and create SENTRI pedestrian drop off on curb adjacent to northbound pedestrian entrance to POE. This project is contingent on the expansion plans for this POE as it cannot be completed with existing passenger lane configuration. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP, Aduanas, INDAABIN Cost: $N/A,000
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Figure 7.9 Calexico East/Mexicali II Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
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Figure 7.10 Calexico East/Mexicali II Bicycle Projects
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7.6 ANDRADE/LOS ALGODONES
This study recommends 12 projects at the Andrade/Los Algodones POE: six in Mexico and six in the United States, with a total of six bicycle projects, five pedestrian projects, and one vehicle project recommended. The six bicycle projects recommend bicycle routes, signage, parking, and inspection lane infrastructure in both the United States and Mexico. The five proposed pedestrian projects complement high-quality work that has already been completed on both sides of the border to install amenities for pedestrians such as benches and breathable shade structures. The one recommended vehicle project in the United States is proposed to create a passenger pick-up/drop-off zone.
Recommended projects for the Andrade/Los Algodones POE are presented in the table on the next page, followed by two maps depicting project locations at or near the POE. US and Mexican pedestrian and vehicle projects are presented in the first map, with bicycle projects displayed in the second map.
Mexico Pedestrian Project Recommendations Project 81 Los Algodones Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Saratoga, from Add water fountains, information kiosk, and shade for waiting east of canal to area. Widen pedestrian sidewalk ramps. Add additional pedestrian pedestrian sidewalk ramps, benches, shade for northbound processing queuing area, and informational and directional signage. Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali Cost: $60,000 Project 83 Los Algodones Sidewalk Improvements Border to 16 de Rehabilitate crosswalks and sidewalk and add pedestrian Septiembre sidewalk ramp along Calle 2, 5 de Mayo, and 16 de Septiembre. Lead Agency: Ayuntamiento de Mexicali Cost: $81,000 Mexico Bicycle Project Recommendations Project 84 Bicycle Routes in Los Algodones Various Construct bicycle routes in Los Algodones and install bicycle- related signage. Lead Agency: SIDUE Cost: $95,000 Project 87 Los Algodones Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: INDAABIN, Aduanas Cost: $300,000
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Project 89 Bicycle Parking in Los Algodones Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: SIDUE the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue United Pedestrian Project Recommendations States Project 82 Andrade Pedestrian Pathway Enhancements Border to SR 186 Add waiting area with benches, shade, and information kiosk on just north of eastern side of SR 186. Add informational signage, water northbound fountain, and restroom. Add information kiosk and shade and pedestrian exit bench for southbound queuing area. Lead Agency: Caltrans Cost: $594,000 United Bicycle Project Recommendations States Project 86 Andrade Bicycle Border Crossing POE Create northbound and southbound bicycle-only inspection lanes with appropriate amenities. Appropriate amenities depend on whether lanes are designed for mounted bicyclists or bicyclists who are dismounted and crossing as pedestrians. Lead Agency: GSA, CBP Cost: $300,000 Project 85 Bicycle Route and Signage in Andrade Various Install bicycle wayfinding signage and construct bicycle route in Andrade providing connection to Arizona. Lead Agency: Imperial County Cost: $458,000 Project 88 Bicycle Parking in Andrade Within a three Construct bicycle parking at the POE. minute walk of Lead Agency: GSA the pedestrian Cost: $7,000 queue United Vehicle Project Recommendations States Project 80 SR 186 Pullover SR 186 just north Create pullover on SR 186 for passenger pick-up and drop-off. of northbound Lead Agency: Caltrans pedestrian exit Cost: $188,000
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Figure 7.11 Andrade/Los Algodones Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle ProjectsFigure 7.11 Andrade/Los Algodones Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle Projects
Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle ProjectsFigure 7.11 Andrade/Los Algodones Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle ProjectsFigure 7.11 Andrade/Los Algodones Pedestrian, Transit, and Vehicle Projects
Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle Projects
Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle Projects
CHAPTER 7: RECOMMENDED PROJECTS | 110 Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle Projects
Figure 7.12 Andrade/Los Algodones Bicycle Projects
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7.7 POLICIES
There are six policy recommendations that were developed during this study, covering a wide range of subjects from bicycle lanes and access for the elderly and disabled to public art and landscaping. Implementation of these policies will depend on a cooperative effort from bi-national stakeholders.
Mexico Pedestrian Project Recommendations Project 90 Increase SENTRI Access for Bicyclists and Pedestrians Increase education about SENTRI and Ready Lanes and create a less costly pedestrian and bicycle-only SENTRI program. Project 91 Design Guidelines Institute or update design guidelines for POEs to guide future construction and modification of border crossings to promote pedestrian-friendly and bicycle-friendly infrastructure. See design guidelines section of the Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Access Study for recommendations. Project 92 Operable Bicycles in Bicycle Border Crossing Lanes A bicycle must be ridden to the crossing in order for the bicyclist to cross in the bicycle border crossing lane. If bicycle is not operable, the individual will have to cross the border through pedestrian inspection. Project 93 Landscaping and Local Art Add landscaping and public art to all border crossings. Project 94 Thirty Minute Wait Times Strive for maximum 30 minute wait times at all ports up to primary inspection facility, with expedited service for the elderly and disabled. Project 95 Senior/Disability Lanes Study feasibility of instituting pedestrian crossing lanes for senior citizens and the disabled at existing and future ports. Project 96 Maintenance Districts Explore the creation of Maintenance Commitments executed through a Memorandum of Understanding that prioritizes maintenance of influence areas around all POEs.
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8.0 FUNDING STRATEGY AND VISION
8.1 VISION
This study was conducted with the vision of making walking and biking trips easy, safe, and comfortable around the six California/Baja California POEs, planning for users of all ages and abilities and balancing user comfort with national security priorities. Individually and as a whole, the 96 recommended projects and policies have the capacity to improve the border crossing experience for non-motorized users. Implementation of these recommendations will require participation from a variety of local, state, and federal agencies on both sides of the border, as well as continued engagement with private enterprises, community groups, and the public. Incorporating the recommended projects into federal, state, regional, and local plans, especially into the next California/Baja California Border Master Plan Update, is a crucial step towards project implementation.
Securing project funding is another equally crucial step to turning recommended projects into reality at the border. This funding strategy identifies a variety of funding opportunities that could provide financial resources for border projects. These projects seek to encourage bicycle and pedestrian travel and decrease vehicle travel and emissions. As such, sustainability is a key concept for continued appropriation by local, state, and federal agencies and private ventures. In today’s funding environment the presentation of environmental benefits created and sustained by the project will encourage long-term investment.
The following organizations are considerations for initial and continued funding for the recommended projects. They have been divided by federal, state, local, and private funding sources, and further divided by availability in the United States and/or Mexico50.
8.2 FEDERAL FUNDING PROGRAMS Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) – United States The CDBG entitlement program allocates annual grants to larger cities and urban counties to develop communities by providing decent housing, a suitable living environment, and opportunities to expand economic opportunities, principally for low- and moderate- income persons. Bicycle and pedestrian facilities are eligible uses of these funds, and public infrastructure projects have received a substantial portion of CDBG funding in the past.
Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program (CBI) – United States Funds may be used in a border region for projects that improve and facilitate/expedite cross border motor vehicle and cargo movements. Projects
CHAPTER 8: FUNDING STRATEGY AND VISION | 114 must be border related and improve the safety of, facilitate and /or expedite cross border traffic movements and include:
Improvements in a border region to existing transportation and supporting infrastructure that facilitate cross-border motor vehicle and cargo movements; Construction of highways and related safety and safety enforcement facilities in a border region that facilitate motor vehicle and cargo movements related to international trade; Operational improvements in a border region, including improvements relating to electronic data interchange and use of telecommunications, to expedite cross border motor vehicle and cargo movement; Modifications to regulatory procedures to expedite safe and efficient cross border motor vehicle and cargo movements; and International coordination of transportation planning, programming, and border operation with Canada and Mexico relating to expediting cross border motor vehicle and cargo movements.
The CBI program authorized funds from 2005-2009. Though the program is not currently issuing funding, it may be a source of federal funds in the future. Transportation, Community, and System Preservation Program (TCSP) – United States TCSP is a former SAFETEA-LU program that provides federal funding for projects that improve the efficiency of the transportation system, reduce the impact on the environment, and generally investigate the relationships between transportation, community and system preservation.
Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo – Mexico FONATUR is responsible for the planning and development of sustainable tourism projects of national impact. FONATUR is run through the Secretariat of Tourism (SECTUR). Projects seek:
To promote investment and training of the tourism sector; lending its experience to regions, states, and municipalities along with small- and medium-sized businesses. To be an influential force in sustainable, competitive, and adequately financed national development and projects that are in accordance with the dynamic demands of the market – that generate income and promote Mexico’s image abroad and overseas; but, fundamentally, with a social awareness that not only favors regional development and creates permanent jobs, but allows them to be appropriately- remunerated as well.
CHAPTER 8: FUNDING STRATEGY AND VISION | 115 Fondo Nacional De Infraestructura – Mexico The National Infrastructure Fund (FONADIN) is a fiduciary institution of the National Bank of Public Works and Services (BANOBRAS). FONDADIN is the vehicle for coordination of the Government of Mexico for infrastructure development in the areas of communications, transportation, water, environment, and tourism. It supports the planning, design, construction, and transfer infrastructure projects with social impact and economic profitability in involving the private sector. For this, the FONADIN:
Supports the development of national infrastructure. Searches, maximizes, and facilitates the mobilization of private capital for infrastructure projects. Is a financial platform to promote the participation of public, private, and social sector in infrastructure development. Takes risks that the market is not willing to take. Undertakes projects with social returns and /or low economic profitability. Programa K-027 de Mantenimiento de Infraestructura – Mexico This is a specific FONATUR program which seeks to facilitate financing and investment in public-private projects with the potential to impact the tourism sector. Funding is part of the FONATUR budget.
Programa México Norte– Mexico This program is run through SECTUR. The objective of this program is to position the states of Mexico’s northern border as attractive tourist destinations that have safe, quality services with clear national identity in addition to helping to create jobs and foreign exchange earnings and promoting economic and social development in the region. Actions that will increase the number of visitors to the region, increasing their length of stay and spending are carried out jointly with state and municipal governments as well as with private enterprise. These actions include:
Strengthen and coordinate binational mechanisms to expedite the admission of visitors from both borders. Strengthen corridors and routes to facilitate the admission of tourists. Strengthen the image of the northern border. Promote the strengthening of values through regional, culinary and craft culture Strengthen mechanisms for assistance to tourists.
CHAPTER 8: FUNDING STRATEGY AND VISION | 116 Support the creation and development of attractions that complement tourism in the cities of the states of the northern border. To promote the sustainability of tourist destinations on the northern border. Support the creation and development of attractions that complement tourism in the cities of the states of the northern border. Rescate de Espacios Públicos – Mexico This program, run by the Secretariat of Agrarian, Territorial, and Urban Development (SEDATU) seeks to help improve citizens’ quality of life and public safety, especially that of marginalized populations, by rescuing public spaces in cities and metropolitan areas. Public spaces nationwide suffering from deterioration, neglect, and insecurity can be rehabilitated for the use and enjoyment of the community, thereby promoting healthy lifestyles. Regulations for the year 2015 were released in January of the same year.
Additional Federal Funding – Mexico The Mexican Tributary Administration Service (SAT) and Institute of Management and Appraisals of Domestic Goods (INDAABIN) programs and funds are available for projects conducted through those particular ministries. Additional funding from other federal sources may become available later in the calendar year 2015.
8.3 STATE FUNDING PROGRAMS Active Transportation Program (ATP) – United States California’s Active Transportation Program (ATP) seeks to encourage increased use of active modes of transportation such as bicycling and walking. This program consolidates existing federal and state programs, including the Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP), Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA), and State Safe Routes to Schools (SR2S) into a single program. Funding for cycle 1 of the ATP was adopted in 2014. As of winter 2015, guidelines for cycle 2 are still under revision.
Proposition 84 Urban Greening Project Grants– United States California voters passed Proposition 84 to expand recreational facilities and to fund environmental quality projects. $70 million was set aside to fund urban greening projects that reduce energy consumption, conserve water, improve air and water quality, and reduce global warming gases. Bike paths and recreational trails are eligible uses of this money.
CHAPTER 8: FUNDING STRATEGY AND VISION | 117 Transportation Development Act (TDA) Article 3 (SB 821) – United States Local Transportation Fund (LTF)-are used by cities for the planning and construction of bicycle and pedestrian facilities.
Additional State Funding Options – United States and Mexico Public-private partnerships of the government of the state of California or Baja California with third parties.
8.4 LOCAL FUNDING PROGRAMS Benefit Assessment Districts – United States & Mexico Local benefit assessment districts can fund Bike paths, bicycle lanes, bicycle parking, and related facilities. Defining the boundaries of the benefit district may be difficult, since the bikeways will have specific citywide or regional benefits. These districts can also fund pedestrian amenities and streetscape maintenance.
Business Improvement Districts– United States Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) can benefit businesses and improve access for customers by collecting levies on businesses to fund local public improvements. These districts may include provisions for bicycle and pedestrian improvements such as bicycle parking or shower and clothing locker amenities, sidewalk improvements, and pedestrian crossings.
General Funds – United States Local cities and counties have general funds which, if approved, may appropriate funds for special projects. Working with local municipalities general funds, various bicycle, pedestrian, or trails projects could be approved and funded through the local general funds then matched with other available funding.
Impact Fees and Developer Mitigation – United States As another form of funding, transportation projects can be paid by impact fees. It is most important that the connection between the fees and the project’s impacts are clearly transparent to avoid potential litigation. Developers may pay for traffic improvements to mitigate impacts caused by new development. In addition, to impact fees and mitigation, parking fees are another option for construction of new or improved bicycle facilities.
New Construction – United States Standards and guidelines presented in local master plans include measures to widen roadways to enhance bicycle mobility. Future road construction projects are another means of providing sustainable funds for bike lanes, pedestrian improvements, and trails.
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Property Taxes and Bonds– United States Bonds can be sold by local cities and counties near POEs to pay for projects such as bikeways, pedestrian facilities, and amenities related to such projects. Also, local property taxes can be designated for bicycle and pedestrian facilities. Two-thirds of the voters in that jurisdiction must vote to levy property taxes to repay the bonds.
Transnet – United States Transnet provides funding for highway, transit and local road projects in San Diego County through a voter-approved half-cent sales tax. Border infrastructure projects may qualify for available local funds and grants.
8.5 PRIVATE INVESTMENTS The following funding sources are specific to cross border partnerships. Funding for the following sources is provided by Mexico and the United States.
North American Development Bank (NADB) – United States & Mexico The North American Development Bank provides low-interest financing for projects which remedy an environmental and/or human health problem. Specifically, NADB is authorized to finance projects that will prevent, control or reduce environmental pollutants or contaminants, improve the drinking water supply, or protect flora and fauna, so as to improve human health, promote sustainable development, or contribute to a higher quality of life. In this context, NADB may finance the following types of projects, including but not limited to:
Water: Potable water supply, wastewater treatment and reuse, water conservation, storm drainage, flood control Waste management: Sanitary landfills, collection & disposal equipment, dumpsite closure, recycling Air quality improvement: Public transportation, street paving, roadway improvements, bypasses, ports of entry, emissions reduction, methane capture Cleaner/renewable energy: Solar, wind, biogas, biofuels, hydroelectric, geothermal Energy efficiency: Equipment replacement, public lighting, building retrofits Industrial/hazardous waste: Treatment & disposal facilities, industrial site remediation
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The project must be located within the U.S.-Mexico border region, defined as 100 kilometers (62 miles) north of the international boundary in the four U.S. states of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas and within 300 kilometers (about 186 miles) south of the border in the six Mexican states of Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, and Tamaulipas.
Projects financed through NADB must be certified by the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC). The scope of the BECC includes projects that focus on the production of goods and services designed to protect the environment. In 2011, BECC and NADB recommended to its Board of Directors an expansion of project sectors. The expanded sectors include but not limited to improvements to energy transmission or energy distribution infrastructure and public transportation infrastructure, including international border crossings.
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Endnotes
1 2013 data from Transborder.bts.gov, "Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics," Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound vehicle and pedestrian crossings. 2 California-Baja California 2014 Border Master Plan Update (Caltrans, July 2014). Annual northbound pedestrian crossings in the year 2040 anticipated to reach 24.2 million persons. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound pedestrian crossings. As of 2014, bicycle and pedestrian crossings are counted together. 3 From Policy to Pavement: Implementing Complete Streets in the San Diego Region (San Diego Complete Streets Task Force, June 2012) 4 U.S.-Mexico Border Crossings at San Ysidro: Social and Environmental Effects for Pedestrian Crossers and San Diego Communities (Presentation) (SDSU Graduate School of Public Health, Casa Familiar, San Diego Prevention Research Center) 5 Economic Impacts of Wait Times at the California-Mexico Border 2009 Update (HDR Decision Economics, January 2010) 6 GSA.gov, San Ysidro Land Port of Entry 7 All crossing volumes in this chapter are sourced from Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), US Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound vehicle and pedestrian crossings. 8 All wait times in this chapter are sourced from Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border 9 Cross-Border Travel Behavior Survey (True North Research, September 2011), pages 5 and 8. 10 Economic Impacts of Wait Times at the California-Mexico Border 2009 Update (HDR Decision Economics, January 2010) 11 From Policy to Pavement: Implementing Complete Streets in the San Diego Region (San Diego Complete Streets Task Force, June 2012) 12 Border Health Equity Transportation Study – Draft Final Task 4 Report (Chen Ryan, August 2014) 13 US-Mexico Border Crossings at San Ysidro: Social and Environmental Effects for Pedestrian Crossers and San Diego Communities (Presentation) (SDSU Graduate School of Public Health, Casa Familiar, San Diego Prevention Research Center) 14 White Paper: Health Impacts of Crossings at US-Mexico Land Ports of Entry: Gaps, Needs, and Recommendations for Action (SCERP, May 2012) 15 PAHO.org, United States-Mexico Border Area (Pan American Health Organization, October 2014) 16 A mega-region is a large network of interconnected regions. 17 GSA.gov 18 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound vehicle and pedestrian crossings. 19 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound vehicle and pedestrian crossings. 20 Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border 21 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound vehicle and pedestrian crossings. 22 Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border 23 San Ysidro Port of Entry Reconfiguration Mobility Study (Parson Brinckerhoff and Estrada Land Planning, January 2010), page 10. 24 2013 data from transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we can assume that equivalent demand exists for southbound buses. 25 Sdforward.com, “Overview of the San Diego Region International Land Ports of Entry” (San Diego Association of Governments Committee on Binational Regional Opportunities, September 3, 2013), page 18. 26 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound vehicle and pedestrian crossings. 27 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we have assumed that comparable demand exists for northbound and southbound vehicle and pedestrian crossings. 28 Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border
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29 2013 data from transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we can assume that equivalent demand exists for southbound buses. 30 2013 data from transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we can assume that equivalent demand exists for southbound travelers. 31 Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border 32 2013 data from transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we can assume that equivalent demand exists for southbound travelers. 33 2013 data from transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we can assume that equivalent demand exists for southbound travelers. 34 Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border 35 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. 36 Calexico East Land Port of Entry Fact Sheet: Expansion of Truck and Auto Inspection Lanes at the Existing LPOE (Imperial Valley Transportation Commission, May 2014). 37Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. As there is no equivalent southbound crossing data, we can assume that equivalent demand exists for southbound travelers. 38 Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border 39 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. 40 Transborder.bts.gov, “Border Crossing/Entry Data: Query Detailed Statistics,” Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of Transportation. 41 Traffic.calit2.net, Best Time to Cross the Border 42 Traffic.calit2.net “Best Time to Cross the Border” 43 “Overview of the San Diego Region International Land Ports of Entry” (San Diego Association of Governments Committee on Binational Regional Opportunities, September 3, 2013), page 19. 44 “Otay Mesa-Mesa de Otay Binational Corridor Strategic Plan 2007-2012 Progress Report” (San Diego Association of Governments, March 2012), pages 16-17. 45 “Plan Estratégico de Baja California 2013-2019” (Secretaría de Infraestructura y Desarrollo Urbano de Baja California). 46 Dot.ca.gov, “SR 11/Otay Mesa East Port of Entry” (San Diego Association of Governments, Caltrans, February 2014). 47 GSA.gov, Calexico West Land Port of Entry Fact Sheet 48 Calexico East Land Port of Entry Fact Sheet: Expansion of Truck and Auto Inspection Lanes at the Existing POE (Imperial Valley Transportation Commission, May 2014). 49 Seventy-six survey responses were received at the Otay Mesa POE and 58 survey responses were received at the Tecate POE. 50Potential funding information adapted from the following sources: https://calbike.org/tools-for-advocates/funding-sources/, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/border_planning/corbor/sec1303qa.cfm, http://www.fonatur.gob.mx/en/quienes_somos/index.asp?modsec=01-MV&sec=2, http://www.fonadin.gob.mx/wb/fni/quienes_somos, http://www.apartados.hacienda.gob.mx/contabilidad/documentos/informe_cuenta/2013/doc/t7/W3N/W3N.03.01.02.vd.pdf, http://www.sectur.gob.mx/programas/programas-regionales/programa-mexico-norte, http://www.sedatu.gob.mx/sraweb/programas/rescate-de-espacios-publicos/, http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/LocalPrograms/atp/, http://www.nadbank.org/projects/eligibility.asp, http://www.becc.org/certification-process/environmental-sectors/other-emerging- sectors#/tab1
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