Jyväskylän Yliopisto

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Jyväskylän Yliopisto Version 1.6.2018 THE PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE DURING DISASTER RESPONSE AND HERITAGE RECOVERY PROCESSES Picture: Heidi Wirilander, 2013 University of Jyväskylä Faculty of Humanities Department of Art and Culture Studies Doctoral thesis Heidi Wirilander Sptember 2010- 2 University of Jyväskylä Faculty of Humanities Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies WIRILANDER, HEIDI: The preservation of cultural heritage during disaster response and heritage recovery processes Doctoral dissertation: 232 pages, 29 attachment pages Art History Abstract The topic of this doctoral research is protection, disaster response and heritage recovery of immovable and movable cultural heritage in accident and disaster situations. The study examines 19 different incidents that resulted in the need for protection, rescue and aftercare of cultural heritage. The researched incidents occurred in Finland between the years 1990 and 2010. Used research data consisted of four independent information sources: 1) disaster sites’ owners theme interviews (18 interviews, 19 cases), 2) subject matter specialist theme interviews (nine interviews), 3) Finnish crime statistics over criminal damage, attempted serious sabotage and serious sabotage crimes and 4) six disaster cases trial conviction documents. Qualitative content analyses with the help of Atlas.ti 6.1 software were used in research data analyses. The research gives basic information about how and with what type of mechanisms cultural heritage deteriorates in disaster and post-disaster situations. Methods chosen in the disaster response and heritage recovery work could either prevent or lead to significant heritage damages. Existing operational models and available material and personnel resources provided possibilities to succeed in heritage recovery work so that cultural heritage damages could be minimized. Cultural values as a background factor had an impact on heritage recovery funding. This influenced how well disaster response and heritage recovery processes succeeded after disaster. Lack of disaster planning and economic resources caused ineffectiveness in disaster response and heritage recovery work. This could lead to significant secondary heritage damages, especially in water damage cases. Based on the research data, it was concluded that deliberate heritage destruction with the means of vandalism or arson creates significant threats that aim at Finnish cultural heritage. This should be considered in cultural heritage site disaster planning. Keywords Cultural heritage, cultural property, heritage studies, risk management, disaster management, heritage recovery, preservation, preventive conservation 3 Jyväskylän Yliopisto Humanistinen tiedekunta Musiikin, taiteiden ja kulttuurin tutkimuksen laitos WIRILANDER, HEIDI: Kulttuuriperinnön säilyttäminen onnettomuuksien pelastus- ja jälkihoitotöiden aikana Väitöstutkimus: 232 sivua, 29 sivua liitteitä Taidehistoria Tiivistelmä Väitöstutkimuksen aiheena on kiinteän ja irrallisen kulttuuriperinnön suojelu onnettomuuksien pelastus- ja jälkihoitotöiden aikana. Tutkimus tarkastelee aihetta 19 tapauksen näkökulmasta, joissa kulttuuriperinnön suojelu, pelastus ja jälkihoitotyöt ovat olleet tarpeellisia. Tutkittavat tapaukset ovat sattuneet Suomessa vuosina 1990 ja 2010. Käytetty tutkimusaineisto koostuu neljästä tietolähteestä: 1. onnettomuuskohteiden omistajien teemahaastattelut (18 haastattelua, 19 tapausta), 2. asiantuntijoiden teemahaastattelut (9 haastattelua), 3. Suomen rikostilastot vuosilta 1990-2010 ja 4. kuuden onnettomuuden oikeuskäsittelyjen tuomiot. Laadullista sisällön analyysiä ja Atlas.ti 6.1 tietokoneohjelmistoa käytettiin tutkimusaineiston analysoinnissa. Tutkimus antaa perustietoa siitä, miten kulttuuriperintö vaurioituu onnettomuustilanteissa ja onnettomuuksien jälkeen. Menetelmät joita valitaan kulttuuriperinnön pelastus- ja jälkihoitotöihin voivat joko estää tai edesauttaa kulttuuriperinnön vaurioitumista. Olemassa olevat toimintamallit sekä käytettävissä olevat materiaali- ja henkilöstöresurssit loivat edellytyksen kulttuuriperinnön jälkihoitotyössä onnistumiseen, jolloin kulttuuriperinnön vaurioitumista voitiin ehkäistä. Kulttuuriset arvot vaikuttivat onnettomuuksien pelastus- ja jälkihoitotyön taloudelliseen resurssointiin. Tämä vaikutti pelastus- ja jälkihoitotyön onnistumiseen onnettomuuden jälkeen. Kulttuuriperinnön pelastussuunnitelman sekä taloudellisten resurssien puuttuminen onnettomuustilanteessa aiheuttivat tehottomuutta pelastus- ja jälkihoitotöissä. Tämä saattoi johtaa etenkin vesivahinkotapauksissa merkittäviin kulttuuriperinnön toissijaisiin vaurioihin. Tutkimusaineiston pohjalta pääteltiin, että kulttuuriperinnön tietoinen tuhoaminen joko ilkivaltaisesti tai tuhopolttamalla muodostavat merkittävän uhan suomalaiselle kulttuuriperinnölle. Tämä tulisi huomioida kulttuuriperintökohteiden pelastussuunnittelussa. Avainsanat Kulttuuriperintö, kulttuuriperinnön tutkimus, riskien hallinta, onnettomuuksien hallinta, kulttuuriperinnön jälkihoito, säilyttäminen, ennaltaehkäisevä konservointi 4 Content FOREWORD ................................................................................................................... 7 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Research aims and objectives ...................................................................... 10 1.1.1 Background theories and previous research ............................. 10 1.1.2 Background theories and research ethics ................................... 14 1.1.3 Terminology of the research ........................................................ 15 1.1.4 Implementation of the research ................................................... 18 1.1.5 Methodology .................................................................................. 20 1.1.6 Methodology and information production................................ 23 1.1.7 Research data ................................................................................. 24 1.1.8 Research data analyses ................................................................. 27 1.1.9 Semiotic analyses of deliberate heritage’s destruction ............ 30 1.1.10 Reliability and validity of the research ....................................... 32 1.2 Evaluation of the research’s relevance ........................................................ 33 1.3 Contents of the research ............................................................................... 34 2 CULTURAL TRANSITION AND HERITAGE .............................................. 36 2.1 Cultural transition and heritage’s interaction with people ......................... 38 2.2 Nationalism and cultural heritage ............................................................... 40 2.3 Cultural heritage and memories .................................................................. 42 2.4 Aesthetics of cultural heritage ..................................................................... 44 2.4.1 Cultural appreciations .................................................................. 46 2.4.2 Cultural experiences ...................................................................... 48 2.5 Definition of cultural heritage ..................................................................... 50 2.6 Contested cultural heritage .......................................................................... 54 2.7 Collections as heritage representatives ....................................................... 60 2.8 Memory institutions and heritage definition ................................................ 62 2.9 From cohesive cultural heritage into diversity of memories ....................... 63 2.10 This research’s cultural heritage interpretation .......................................... 65 2.10.1 Heritage of Finnish Folk Churches ............................................. 67 2.10.2 Memory institution’s cultural heritage ...................................... 69 3 HERITAGE’S DETERIORATION AND PRESERVATION .......................... 73 3.1 Early stages of preservation......................................................................... 75 3.2 Development of modern conservation .......................................................... 77 3.2.1 Aesthetic theories of modern conservation ............................... 80 3.2.2 New scientific conservation ......................................................... 80 3.3 Contemporary conservation theory .............................................................. 83 3.3.1 Risk management and risk assessment ...................................... 86 3.3.2 Preventive conservation ............................................................... 92 3.3.3 Disaster preparedness ................................................................... 93 3.4 Preservation theory of this research ............................................................ 94 5 4 DISASTERS CAUSED BY ACCIDENTS ......................................................... 96 4.1 Water damages ............................................................................................. 97 4.1.1 Water based mechanical and chemical damages ...................... 98 4.1.2 Biological deterioration caused by humidity ............................ 99 4.1.3 Water damages recovery ............................................................ 102 4.2 Fire and fire extinguishing based damages recovery ................................ 108 4.3 Explosion based damages recovery ..........................................................
Recommended publications
  • Assessing Preservation Needs: a Self-Survey Guide, by the Northeast Document Conservation Center
    ASSESSING PRESERVATION NEEDS ASSESSING PRESERVATION NEEDS A SELF-SURVEY GUIDE Beth Patkus Northeast Document Conservation Center Andover, Massachusetts 2003 The Institute of Museum and Library Services, a federal agency that fosters innovation, leadership, and a lifetime of learning, supported the publication of this book, Assessing Preservation Needs: A Self-Survey Guide, by the Northeast Document Conservation Center. The National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent grant-making agency of the federal government, provides substantial funding to support field service activities, including publications, at the Northeast Document Conservation Center. Library of Congress Cataloging Number ISBN No. 0-9634685-5-3 Copyright © 2003 by Northeast Document Conservation Center. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes in any form or media, or stored by any means in any storage retrieval system, without prior written permission of the Northeast Document Conservation Center, 100 Brickstone Square, Andover, MA 01810. This publication is printed on paper that meets the requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 (R1997). CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Arrangement and Maintenance of Library Material MODULE - 3 ORGANISATION of INFORMATION SOURCES
    Arrangement and Maintenance of Library Material MODULE - 3 ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION SOURCES 11 Notes ARRANGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF LIBRARY MATERIAL 11.1 INTRODUCTION In this lesson, we will discuss the issues related to organization and maintenance of library material. You will be told how materials have to be arranged on library shelves and how the arrangement of books differs from the arrangement of periodicals. The library material needs to be maintained on routine basis. Maintenance of library material involves kinds of stacking, shelf arrangement, cleaning, shelving, stock verification and weeding of unwanted material. Binding of documents will also be discussed as it is essential for care and repair of documents for their long life. 11.2 OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to :– describe various ways to arrange books and periodicals ; identify various kinds of library stacks; explain the shelving order of books; explain arrangement of periodicals; describe the activities related to care of documents; highlight the importance of mending and binding of library books and periodicals; illustrate the role of stock verification and weeding of documents; LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 187 MODULE - 3 Arrangement and Maintenance of Library Material ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION SOURCES justify the need for security of library documents; and give illustrations of library displays. 11.3 MAINTENANCE WORK Notes In every library, maintenance of library material involves continuous monitoring of the stack room, displaying of new material on the display racks and arrangement of the books and periodicals on the shelves after use. Besides these, the material has to be dusted and cleaned at periodic intervals.
    [Show full text]
  • Collections and Assets in Museums
    Foresight Research Report: Collections and Assets in Museums Document Overview The following research report is designed to provide an overview of key strategic issues relevant to the future of California communities and museums. We hope that this report will be of interest to California museum professionals working to improve service to their community and to plan for the future. From the Spring of 2012 to the Summer of 2013, a team of museum professionals participating in the California Association of Museum’s Leaders of the Future: Museum Professionals Developing Strategic Foresight training project conducted their own secondary (desktop) research on current conditions, trends, and plans for a baseline forecast that postulates the most expected futures for museums in the domain of the collections and assets. A group of members of the California Association of Museum’s Foresight Committee worked to complete this report. The authors of this report include: . Leigh Gleason, Curator of Collections, UCR/California Museum of Photography (team leader) . David Bloom, VertNet Coordinator, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley . Paul Spitzzeri, Assistant Director, Workman and Temple Family Homestead Museum . Lisa Eriksen, Principal, Lisa Eriksen Consulting While by no means comprehensive, this report is intended to define the idea of “Collections and Assets in Museums,” explore the most pressing issues and possible futures that may result from these circumstances, and create a framework upon which a baseline forecast could be presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture in Kvarken
    ARCHITECT URE I N K V A R K E N – TWO COUNTRIES - A WORLD OF CONTRAST Get to know the modern cities as well as the old wooden towns in Kvarken. During an architecture tour, you will get to know Kvarken from an architectural perspective, its history, as well as stories about people who lived and live along the coasts of the Gulf of Bothnia. Höga Kusten Umeå Vaasa Seinäjoki Kristinestad Pietarsaari/Jakobstad Kokkola Höga Kusten and Örnsköldsvik Örnsköldsvik, even called Ö-vik, is part of the High Coast and its fantastic nature. Naturum Höga Kusten - is designed by White Architects. Located in the shadow of the mighty Skuleberget. Naturum Höga kusten, is an attention- grabbing building inspired by the nature that surrounds it. Interesting geometric patterns and angular displacements give the building rich and varied expression. It is precisely the rough and anything but 90-degree feeling that characterizes nature on the High Coast. The High Coast is characterized by odd angles and variation in rhythm, scale and color. The glazed long side represents the ice. The inner concrete wall symbolizes the mountain. ArkNat – is a combination of architecture and nature. Architect students from all over Scandinavia were invited to create unique “art” that reminds of typical wind shelters in the nature. As result you will find nine fantastic creations, places to rest or to have a picknick, located along the 128 km long High coast Trail. Ting 1 – is residential building in Örnsköldsvik Ting 1 is designed by Gert Wingårdh, who was inspired by Bengt Lindström's art.
    [Show full text]
  • KUOPION KULTTUURIYMPÄRISTÖ Strategia Ja Hoito-Ohjeet
    KUOPION KULTTUURIYMPÄRISTÖ Strategia ja hoito-ohjeet 1. Kuopion kulttuuriympäristöstrategia ..........................................1 Esipuhe .................................................................................................................3 Tavoitteet..............................................................................................................4 Johdanto ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Kulttuuriympäristöstrategian tavoitteet ..................................................................................... 5 Mikä on kulttuuriympäristö ..............................................................................8 Arvokas kulttuuriympäristö .......................................................................................................8 Kulttuuriympäristön säilyttäminen ja kehittäminen................................................................... 9 Kulttuuriympäristön hoito ...............................................................................10 Lähtökohtia .............................................................................................................................. 10 Rakennusperinnön korjaus ja kunnossapito ± vähemmällä enemmän .....................................10 Jatkotoimenpide-ehdotukset ............................................................................13 2. Kuopion rakennusperinnön ja kulttuuriympäristöjen hoito-ohjelma ................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Collections Maintenance and Care: Agents of Deterioration – Practical Exercise
    Collections Maintenance and Care: Agents of Deterioration – Practical Exercise One of the most important elements in collections care is preventing the destructive affects of the nine agents of deterioration. This effort, known commonly as preventative conservation, looks to detect, avoid, block, or mitigate any and all damage caused by these agents. In this exercise, you will be presented with three scenarios featuring one or more agents of deterioration. For each scenario, identify which agents you think are causing the damage. Then in the space provided, devise a basic plan to stop or impede the deterioration. Use the following guides to help make your decisions: Simmons, John E., Things Great and Small: Collections Management Policies, Chapter 12. Hoffman, Frank W. and Richard J. Wood, Library Collection Development Policies, Chapter 20. Scenario #1: You decide to check on the storage area where your institution’s historic furnishings are stored when not on display. While examining the silverware set, you notice some of the forks are now tarnished. You recall that maintenance staff had recently been near the storage area and used a cleaning material that you aren’t familiar with. At the same time, staff complained of an odd odor. Agents of Deterioration Direct Physical Force Pollutants and Contaminants Thieves/Vandals Light and Radiation Fire Incorrect Temperature Water Incorrect Relative Humidity Pests Plan of Action Scenario #2: A researcher comes to his appointment to access your historic letter collection and you retrieve the collection for him. At the end of the day, the collection is returned to you. Upon inspection of the letter collection, you see that several pages have creases that were not reported on the condition report in your database.
    [Show full text]
  • Arlington National Cemetery
    ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY MEMORIAL ARBORETUM LIVING COLLECTIONS POLICY Arlington National Cemetery Mission: On behalf of the American people, lay to rest those who have served our nation with dignity and honor, treating their families with respect and compassion, and connecting guests to the rich tapestry of the cemetery's living history, while maintaining these hallowed grounds befitting the sacrifice of all those who rest here in quiet repose. I. Introduction A. Mission of the Arlington National Cemetery Memorial Arboretum: The grounds of Arlington National Cemetery honor those who have served our nation by providing a sense of beauty and peace. The purpose of the Memorial Arboretum at Arlington National Cemetery is to preserve and interpret the collection of trees and ornamental plants that serve as a backdrop to this National Shrine. The Arboretum connects visitors to the rich tapestry of the cemetery's living history and natural beauty. Arlington National Cemetery promotes sustainable landscaping in the design and maintenance of these Hallowed Grounds. B. Purpose of the Collection Policy: The Living Collection Policy outlines the development, management, enhancement and sustainment of the Living Collections at Arlington National Cemetery (ANC). This policy applies to all existing and future plantings at ANC, with the scope of the collection being all the woody plants within the established cemetery property. C. Purpose of the Living Collections: The Living Collections at Arlington National Cemetery serve as a backdrop and setting for funerals, ceremonies and visitors, and are an essential component of the natural and cultural heritage of the cemetery. As a whole, the Living Collections, landscapes and gardens at the cemetery serve as a Living Memorial to honor our Nation’s veterans and their families.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix J: Curatorial Care of Paper Objects
    Appendix J: Curatorial Care of Paper Objects Page A. Overview.............................................................................................................................................J:1 What information will I find in this appendix? ......................................................................................J:1 Why is it important to practice preventive conservation with paper objects?......................................J:2 How do I learn about preventive conservation? ..................................................................................J:2 Where can I find the latest information on care of these types of objects?.........................................J:2 What should I know about the history of papermaking? .....................................................................J:2 What is the difference between paper and a paper object?................................................................J:3 B. The Nature of Paper Objects ............................................................................................................J:3 What is the structure of paper? ...........................................................................................................J:3 What is cellulose?................................................................................................................................J:4 What fibers have been used historically to make paper?....................................................................J:4 What causes groundwood paper to be unstable?...............................................................................J:4
    [Show full text]
  • A Conservation Policy Statement for Research Libraries
    ILL I NOI S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Large-scale Digitization Project, 2007. A CONSERVATION POLICY STATEMENT FOR RESEARCH LIBRARIES by CAROLYN CLARK MORROW CONTENTS Abstract........... .................................................... ..... 2.. Preface ................................................................... 2 Conservation Policy Statement ............................................. 3 Philosophy for Preservation/Conservation/Restoration ....................... 3 Collections Maintenance.................................................5.. Treatment ............................................................. 7 Disaster Preparedness ........................... ........................ 11 O utreach................. ................... ........................ 12 Organization of the Conservation Department ............................ 15 Concluding Remarks ..................................................... 19 Bibliography. ........................................................ .... 20 Vita ................................ ... .................... ............ 23 92^ ABSTRACT Despite the fact that methods are available to combat the conservation problems facing research libraries, many libraries have not acted. Part of this inaction can be attributed to the complexities of the problem and inadequacies of present technology, but a larger share of the blame must be aimed at t lie lack of a philosophical framework for conservation. This paper
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis & Interpretation
    Graffiti Survey Record St Nicholas Chapel, Kings Lynn, Norfolk The South Porch Client: Churches Conservation Trust Analysis & Interpretation M. J. Champion Tel: 07810 677723 www.mjc-associates.co.uk e-mail: [email protected] Heritage Consultancy Project Management Research Services South Porch, St Nicholas Chapel, Kings Lynn Project Summary The results of a raking light scaled photographic graffiti survey of the interior of the South Porch, St Nicholas Chapel, Kings Lynn, on behalf of the Churches Conservation Trust. Location: St Ann’s Street, Kings Lynn, Norfolk, PE30 1NH OS Grid Ref: TF 61845 20467 Designation Status: St Nicholas Chapel Grade 1 listed building (National Heritage List 384263), Date first listed: 1st December 1951. Background: Although constructed on a monumental scale St Nicholas’ is technically only a Chapel of Ease for St Margaret’s church; albeit the largest Chapel of Ease in England. The chapel weas founded in 1146 by Bishop Turbus to serve the growing commercial port of Lynn. The site was substantially reconstruted in the early thirteenth century, with a further major reconstruction taking place between 1371-1419 - replacing all of the earlier structure with the exception of the south-west tower. The landmark steeple was originally constructed in the late fifteenth/early sixteenth century. However, this structure collapsed in 1741, not being rebuilt until 1861 under the direction of Gilbert Scott. The chapel interior is considered to be one of the finest examples of the perpendicular style in England. The Site: The South Porch appears part of the late fourteenth/early fifteenth century building phase that saw the reconstruction of the majority of the chapel, and was largely constructed of high quality Barnack limestone.
    [Show full text]
  • Pohjois-Savon Kulttuuriympäristöselvitys Osa 2
    Pohjois-Savon kulttuuriympäristöselvitys osa 2. www.pohjois-savo.fi Pohjois-Savon kulttuuriympäristöselvitys osa 2. Kuopio 2011 Pohjois-Savon liiton julkaisu A:66 Taitto: Marja Partanen Painomäärä 440 kpl Kuopio 2011 Pohjois-Savon liitto Sepänkatu 1, PL 247, 70101 Kuopio puh. (017) 5501 400 e-mail: [email protected] faksi: (017) 5501 428 ISBN 978-952-5759-28-0 ISSN 1797-4402 ISBN (pdf) 978-952-5759-29-7 Sisällysluettelo 1 JOHDANTO 15 Kulttuuriympäristö kaavoituksessa 16 Yli 10 000 vuotta ihmisen historiaa Pohjois-Savossa 19 2 IISALMI 25 Haukiniemenkadun puutalot uimarannan kohdalla 25 Kirkkoaukio ja puistoakseli 25 Iisalmen Uusikirkko, nykyinen Pyhän ristin kirkko 26 Iisalmen lyseo, nykyinen lukio 26 Entinen tyttölyseo, nykyinen Juhani Ahon yläaste 26 Entinen kansakoulu, nykyinen keskustan ala-aste 27 Entinen kansakoulu, Otava I 27 Otava II 27 Entinen vesitorni ja paloasema, nykyinen Luma-keskus 27 Seurakuntatalo 27 Iisalmen kulttuurikeskus 28 Kirkkopuiston kioski 28 Entinen järjestötalo, nykyinen Iisalmen teatterin talo 28 Entinen suojeluskuntatalo, nykyinen nuorisotalo 28 Weckman-Varannin talo, nykyinen Kirkko puiston päiväkoti 29 Ortodoksinen kirkko 29 Korolaisen talo 30 Pohjolankatu 30 Raatihuone 31 Entinen Käsityökoulu, nykyinen Naisten yhdistyksen talo 31 Työväentalo 31 Villa Verte 31 Paloisvirran alue 31 Sähkölaitoksen voima-asema 32 Kotiseutumuseo 32 Rautatieaseman alue 32 Satamapuisto rakennuksineen 33 Entinen tullikamaripakkahuone, nykyinen ravintola Olutmestari 33 Haukiniemen uimarannan kioski- ja pukuhuonerakennus, nykyinen rantapaviljonki 33 Haukiniemen vedenottamo 33 Satamapuiston kioski 33 Ratavartijan mökki, ”Kuappi” 34 Tori 34 Kauppahalli 34 Linja-autoasema 34 Kihmulan alue 34 Rohmulan alue 35 Sankarikatu 19 35 Touhulan alue 35 Kankaan alue 36 Vanha kunnantalo 36 Iisalmen maalaiskunnan vanha paloasema 36 Kunnankatu 4, ”Päivölä” 36 Laasonlahti 36 Iiranta-Karankajärvi maisema-alue 36 Koljonvirran historiallinen maisema 37 Mansikkaniemen pappila l.
    [Show full text]
  • Midnight Sunshine on Sula
    Midnight Sunshine on Sula A Journey from Scotland to Scandinavia May – September 2014 Sula is a 38’ Westerly Oceanranger, built in 1990 for comfort rather than speed. A centre cockpit and in-mast furling make her easy and safe for two people to handle, with space enough for extended living aboard and civilised entertaining. Leaving from our base in the Clyde, my wife Kyla and I spent the summer of 2014 sailing her north of the Arctic Circle to the Lofoten Islands in Norway, and then down the coasts of Norway and Sweden to leave her in Denmark for the winter. Scottish Aperitif A journey from Gourock to Gremista 18 – 24 May: Greenock to Wick – two canals, three firths and a couple of whales It was an inauspicious start. We set off from Greenock’s James Watt Dock marina in sheeting rain and a blustery wind, after the damp delights of fuelling up under umbrellas to keep the downpour out of the funnel. As we broad-reached past the Cloch Lighthouse at the entrance to the Clyde, I thought of my grandfather sailing the same waters almost 100 years ago, on one of the last square-riggers trading. Clydeport only sees container ships now. A massive cruise liner dwarfed the Ocean Terminal on Saturday but had left by Sunday morning – presumably one rain-sodden day was enough for the cruisers to take in the beauties of Greenock. The conspirators: John, Ian, Bobby The southerly wind became steadily more boisterous as we motor-sailed down river, and we soon had a regular 35 knots over the deck.
    [Show full text]